CN102492446B - Combined type gas full-cycle gas retort - Google Patents
Combined type gas full-cycle gas retort Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 96
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 375
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 35
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001944 continuous distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005021 gait Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a gas retort, which comprises a plurality of retorting sub units and performs retorting and oil-refining to oil shale by the gas full-cycle technology. The combined type gas full-cycle gas retort is characterized by using gas generated in the retorting process of the oil shale as heat carrier to retort the oil shale, using cold gas to recycle semi-coke waste heat generated by the retorting of the oil shale, and using tracery walls to distribute the heat carrier, wherein a gas chamber, an inverted V-shaped beam, an inverted V-shaped baffle plate, tracery walls, a cooling water sleeve, a coke exhausting passage, a coke pusher, a scraper blade conveyor and a water sealing pond are arranged inside each retorting sub unit of the gas retort from top to bottom in sequence. The tracery walls of the retorting sub units are arranged vertical to the bottom part, and a passage is formed between every two tracery walls; spray holes for cold and heat recycle gases are arranged on the tracery walls. The actual daily capacity, which can reach more than 6000 tons, of the gas retort is in a direct proportion with the number of the retorting sub units. The combined type gas full-cycle gas retort is applicable to performing retorting and oil-refining to various oil shale with grain sizes of 5-75mm, low gas content, low fixed carbon content and low moisture content, and the oil recovery rate of the gas retort reaches about 90%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gas full circulation technology of applying and resinous shale is carried out to technique and the device of destructive distillation oil refining, gas retort is combined into by several destructive distillation subelements.
Background technology
At present, domestic oil shale retorting oil refining mode has three kinds, and the first is Fushun type retort, columnar structured, is the internal combustion type stove.Pass into saturated air from the gas retort bottom, the flue gas produced with burning carries out destructive distillation to the resinous shale on top, for preventing the coking of inner flue gas of the stove excess Temperature, the gas that passes into 550 ℃～650 ℃ of parts on gas retort top is regulated, the processing granularity is 12～75mm, and single stove processing power is 100 tons (seeing Fig. 1).The second is Maoming formula gas retort, and square structure, be also the internal combustion type stove, is commonly called as Gas stove.Pass into flammable gas and air from the gas retort bottom, flue gas resinous shale to top in uphill process that burning produces carries out destructive distillation, and oil-collecting ratio is 70% left and right, and the processing granularity is 30～120mm.Single stove processing power is 200 ton per days (seeing Fig. 2).Formula side, Maoming stove all stops production the eighties in 20th century because of pollution problem.The third is Huadian formula gas retort, the circle square structure, and top is circular, bottom is square, is the complete circulation type gas retort.In stove, without the combustion burning device, the circulating mash gas that dependence passes into from the gas retort middle part carries out destructive distillation to the resinous shale on top, and oil-collecting ratio is 90% left and right, and the processing granularity is 6～50mm, and single stove processing power is 300 ton per days.This stove is current domestic state-of-the-art gas retort.The structure that Fig. 3 is Huadian formula gas retort, the thermal circulation gas of 700 ℃ of left and right is introduced gas retort from inlet pipe 309, gas orifice ejection through ancient cooking vessel shape device 308, the resinous shale that will get off from above is heated to 540 ℃ of left and right, destructive distillation occurs, the oil gas that destructive distillation produces is collected through the battle array umbrella 305 that is arranged at top, by carbonizing gas delivery line 306, is derived outside stove, send oil recovery system to reclaim shale oil.But this stove is because adopting ancient cooking vessel shape device 308 as distribution device, and the jet length of thermal circulation gas is limited, therefore the processing power of gas retort is restricted.In view of the type of furnace of Shi, Maoming, Fushun formula gas retort all has the defects such as treatment capacity is little, floor space is large, oil-collecting ratio is low, contaminate environment and is restricted, and although Huadian formula gas retort has advance, but single stove processing power is still less than normal, Brazilian Petro Xi Kesi (Petrosix) stove is arranged abroad, adopt recycle to extinction technique, the day output of gas retort is 6000 tons.But because of technology barriers, involve great expense, introduction condition harshness, up to the present can't introduce.For this reason, the gas full-cycle gas retort that a kind of day output surpasses the maximization more than 1000 tons is badly in need of in China.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of processing power to surpass the carbonization furnace of taking gas recycle to extinction technique of the maximization of 1000 tons.For realizing the purpose of this invention, need the key technical problem solved to be: 1, gas retort cloth, gas distribution are wanted evenly, can make the complete destructive distillation of resinous shale.The expansion of gas retort capacity can not affect uniform distribution in gas retort, even gas distribution, resinous shale still can with the thermal barrier uniform contact, balanced destructive distillation, do not have dead angle in stove.This problem seems simply, and actual difficulty is very large, and Fushun type retort is want processing power is brought up to more than 200 tons from 100 tons, through the effort of decades, due to the even gas distribution problem solved in bad gas retort, fails so far to realize.2, the gas retort all technical wants advanced.The expansion of gas retort capacity can not affect the realization of gas recycle to extinction technique, can not affect the key technical indexes of gas retort, such as oil recovery rate, unit consumption of energy etc.Gas recycle to extinction technique is the oil shale retorting oil refining technique that oil recovery rate is the highest in the world at present, if cause the decline of oil recovery rate because enlarging the processing power of gas retort, is obviously worthless.3, gas retort adaptability is eager to excel, and can meet multiple user's demand.Such as the resinous shale of different qualities, oil length height, water content the number, air content the number, can be suitable for; Particularly should be able to be applicable to low-quality oil shale retort oil refining, the resinous shale in the most of places of production of China belongs to low-quality resinous shale.4, the size specification of gas retort should be selected as required, and the free convergent-divergent of large I for the treatment of capacity does not change the type of furnace because treatment capacity increases.The user can be selected according to the size of oil shale reserves, freely measures, and the situation of " low load with strong power " or " high load with small power " do not occur, causes facility not match, the phenomenon that energy consumption increases.5, gas heating system, the oil recovery system of gas retort energy and existing destructive distillation oil refining factory form supportingly, and the gas retort auxiliary facility do not done to too many adjustment and improvement.6, gas retort energy long-term operation safety and stability, do not have serious potential safety hazard.Such as not causing gas leakage because of the problem of equipment itself, the accidents such as blast.
Combined type gas full-circulation oil-shale gas retort of the present invention, its technology characteristics is: the thermal barrier with the gas produced in the oil shale distillation process as dry rectificating oil shale, reclaim the waste heat of the semicoke of oil shale distillation generation with cold gas, carry out even gas distribution with grid wall, the thermal barrier iterative cycles is used, and forms complete continuous distillation process.The oil-containing gas produced in the oil shale distillation process is cooled to 40 ℃ of left and right after oil recovery apparatus reclaims shale oil, and a part is sent into process furnace by the gas blower fan and acted as a fuel; A part is sent into process furnace by the gas blower fan and is heated to 700 ℃ of left and right and sends gas retort back to as thermal circulation gas again, and due to the heat dissipation of pipeline loss, while entering gas retort, temperature is 640～680 ℃ of left and right; A part sends into by the gas blower fan waste heat that semicoke is reclaimed in gas retort bottom, after temperature rises to more than 450 ℃ and the thermal circulation gas of 640～680 ℃ of left and right be mixed into 580～620 ℃ of left and right thermal barrier resinous shale is carried out to destructive distillation; Thermal barrier is evenly distributed in gas retort by grid wall; Oil shale distillation produces again new oil-containing gas, then repeats above process, so goes round and begins again, and forms complete, continuous distillation process.
Combined type gas full-circulation oil-shale gas retort of the present invention, its constitutional features is: gas retort is combined by a plurality of destructive distillation subelements.Each destructive distillation subelement is relatively independent, with middle, has the distribution device of the grid wall of gas channel as gas retort, and its structure is shown in Fig. 4.Described destructive distillation subelement comprises distribution device, grid wall, Semi-coke cooling device and discharging device for coke in body of heater, feeding device, oil gas take-up gear, stove.Described body of heater is built into by refractory brick 419; Described feeding device is arranged at the top of body of heater, hopper 401, slide valve 402, feeding machine 403, consists of; Described oil gas take-up gear is comprised of the air chamber 404 that is arranged at stove top and carbonizing gas delivery line 405; In described stove, distribution device is arranged at middle part on stove, and the herring-bone crossbeam 421 and the chev(e)ron baffle 406 that support air chamber form; Described distribution device is by thermal circulation gas passage 418, thermal circulation gas inlet pipe 407, thermal circulation gas spout 408, the compositions such as grid wall 409, cold circulating mash gas passage 417, cold circulating mash gas inlet pipe 410, cold circulating mash gas spout 411; Described Semi-coke cooling device is located at lower furnace, cold circulating mash gas inlet pipe 410, cold circulating mash gas spout 411 and watercooling jacket 412, consists of; Described discharging device for coke is comprised of coke discharging passage 413, pushing machine 414, scraper conveyer 415, water seal tank 416.Described destructive distillation subelement top arranges feeding device hopper 401, slide valve 402, feeding machine 403, carbonization gas discharge line 405; Described destructive distillation subelement inside sets gradually air chamber 404, herring-bone crossbeam 421, chev(e)ron baffle 406, grid wall 409, watercooling jacket 412, coke discharging passage 413 from top to bottom; Described destructive distillation subelement bottom arranges pushing machine 414, scraper conveyer 415 and water seal tank 416; The water seal tank 416 of destructive distillation subelement bottom is full of water when operation, is highly 600～900mm, prevents the gas effusion.
Combined type gas full-circulation oil-shale gas retort of the present invention, its constitutional features is: by several destructive distillation subelements, be combined into a complete gas retort.The every 2 stifled grid walls perpendicular to bottom surface form 1 independently destructive distillation subelement, and 3 stifled grid walls can form 2 independently destructive distillation subelements, and 4 stifled grid walls can form 3 independently destructive distillation subelements, and the rest may be inferred by analogy.Be that the stifled grid wall of n can form (n-1) individual independently destructive distillation subelement.The gas retort top that a plurality of destructive distillation subelements form can be interconnected.The gas retort structural representation that 3 destructive distillation subelements, the tops that Fig. 5 is comprised of 4 stifled grid walls are interconnected.
Combined type gas full-circulation oil-shale gas retort of the present invention, its constitutional features is: gas retort top is provided with a plurality of air chambers, air chamber be arranged at grid wall directly over, corresponding 1 air chamber of 1 stifled grid wall; Be that the stifled grid wall of n has n air chamber.Carbonizing gas collects and discharges out of the furnace through the carbonizing gas delivery line at air chamber.Between air chamber and air chamber, be interconnected, but gas unrestricted flow.
Described herring-bone crossbeam 421 is arranged at the air chamber lower edge, supports air chamber 404; Chev(e)ron baffle 406 arranges under the gas retort opening for feed, on grid wall 409; All have pore on herring-bone crossbeam and chev(e)ron baffle;
Described grid wall 409 arranges perpendicular to the bottom of gas retort, and grid wall 409 is built into by refractory brick.Form a passage between every 2 stifled grid walls, form 1 destructive distillation subelement.Between grid wall, be the path of travel of resinous shale, be also gas channel simultaneously.The inside of grid wall 409 is provided with thermal circulation gas passage 418, with thermal circulation gas inlet pipe 407, is connected, and the both sides of thermal circulation gas passage 418 have thermal circulation gas spout 408; The centre of grid wall 409 bottoms is provided with cold circulating mash gas passage 417, with cold circulating mash gas inlet pipe 410, is connected, and the both sides of cold circulating mash gas passage 417 have cold circulating mash gas spout 411;
Described watercooling jacket 412 is arranged at the bottom of grid wall 409, and the both sides of watercooling jacket 412 are coke discharging passage 413;
Described pushing machine 414, scraper conveyer 415, water seal tank 416 are arranged at the bottom of gas retort.1 destructive distillation subelement can arrange 1 cover discharging device for coke, and a plurality of destructive distillation subelements can share 1 cover discharging device for coke;
The body of heater of described gas retort is built into by refractory brick 419, and steel plate 420 is wrapped in outside;
Described Combined type gas full-circulation oil-shale gas retort is characterized in that: the gas retort destructive distillation subelement relatively independent by several forms, but each destructive distillation subelement independent operating work.The treatment capacity that the quantity of destructive distillation subelement needs according to gas retort is selected.When the treatment capacity needed is large, the destructive distillation subelement can be established some more, needs gas retort treatment capacity hour, and the destructive distillation subelement can be established less.Generally, the day output of 1 destructive distillation subelement is 100～200 tons.Such as, as wanted, make the day output of gas retort reach 2000 tons of left and right, need to arrange 10～20 destructive distillation subelements.
Combined type gas full-circulation oil-shale gas retort of the present invention is compared with Huadian formula full circulation carbonization furnace, and following characteristics are arranged:
(1) gas retort of the present invention utilizes spray orifice that the grid wall both sides offer as distribution device, and the distance that makes gas penetrate resinous shale shortens greatly, and therefore, gas distribution is more even, effective.Huadian formula gas retort adopts ancient cooking vessel shape device as distribution device, and the ultimate range that gas penetrates oil shale layer is the 1.3m left and right, and the present invention is only the 0.35m left and right.And the distance that each spray orifice arrives solstics equates, so it is very little that the possibility of bias current occurs in gas retort, thereby resinous shale and thermal circulation gas contact mix more even, destructive distillation more fully, more thorough.
(2) gas retort of the present invention ties up without other devices in the oil shale distillation generation area, can utilize the volume maximum, thereby the treatment capacity maximum of gas retort under equal conditions.Simultaneously, owing to stopping without other devices in stove, make material and air-flow flowing in gas retort more smooth and easy, there is no dead angle, improved the equilibrium degree that material and air-flow distribute in gas retort.Huadian formula gas retort is owing to need arranging that in the destructive distillation generation area ancient cooking vessel shape device is as gas distribution structure, and the approximately sectional area of 20% left and right that accounted for, reduced treatment capacity relatively.
(3) gas retort of the present invention top is provided with air chamber, by air chamber, collects carbonizing gas, and is provided with a plurality of relief outlets, and exhaust is more smooth and easy.Huadian formula gas retort utilizes the battle array umbrella to collect a carbonizing gas, and 1 stove only has 1 gas discharge outlet, has not only tied up the useful volume of gas retort, and, because the vapor pipe diameter is larger, affect uniform distribution, causes the phenomenon generations such as inclined to one side stove.
(4) gas retort of the present invention is comprised of a plurality of relatively independent destructive distillation subelements, but each destructive distillation subelement independent operating work.Fundamentally solve the defect that Huadian formula full circulation carbonization furnace can not amplify, be conducive to the realization that gas retort maximizes.
(5) gas retort of the present invention is simple in structure, builds by laying bricks or stones conveniently, owing to there is no complicated ancient cooking vessel shape device and battle array umbrella structure in stove, has increased the useful volume of gas retort, has reduced stove and has built cost by laying bricks or stones, has saved investment.
(6) gas retort of the present invention has advantages of the other types gas full-cycle gas retort, as in stove without combustion unit, can coking, obstruction, starting and blowing out are simple and convenient, safe, oil-collecting ratio is high, can realize computer controlled automatic etc.
(7) gas retort of the present invention is applicable to the resinous shale of various qualities, especially to the not restriction of low-quality resinous shale, no matter oil length height, water content the number, air content the number resinous shale all can use gas retort of the present invention to carry out destructive distillation oil refining.
(8), as used gas retort of the present invention to be transformed old oil shale retorting oil refining factory, other auxiliary facilities except gas retort, as crushing and screening system, gas heating system, oil recovery system etc. all can continue to utilize.
Technical process and the principle of work of Combined type gas full-circulation oil-shale gas retort of the present invention are shown in Fig. 4.Specific embodiment is: ore reduction is sieved into to the specification that meets the gas retort processing requirement, adds from the top of gas retort by conveying system.Resinous shale, from gas retort top adds, evenly falls after herring-bone crossbeam and chev(e)ron baffle distribution, by herring-bone crossbeam and chev(e)ron baffle, is divided into some passages, and the distributing equilibrium degree of resinous shale in gas retort further improves.The thermal circulation gas contact that resinous shale passes into from bottom in the dropping process neutralization, be heated to 500 ℃～540 ℃, and destructive distillation occurs.The cold circulating mash gas of 40 ℃ of left and right enters from the bottom of grid wall, be provided with outside spout in the both sides of grid wall, outside injected cool circulating mash gas, cold circulating mash gas can only rise along the gas channel of being separated by grid wall (being also simultaneously the exhaust channel of the semicoke that generates after oil shale distillation), air-flow is distributed by equilibrium, cold circulating mash gas is contacted and is heated to more than 450 ℃ by the semicoke of destructive distillation in the uphill process neutralization, has reclaimed the waste heat of semicoke; The thermal circulation gas of 640～680 ℃ of left and right enters from the middle part of grid wall, in the both sides of grid wall, is provided with outside spout, outwards sprays thermal circulation gas, and jet velocity 3.5m/s left and right, be enough to penetrate whole oil shale layer.The thermal circulation gas ejected is here joined with the cold circulating mash gas that has absorbed the semicoke heat, temperature is between 580～620 ℃, circulating mash gas rises along the gas channel of being separated by grid wall (being also the resinous shale path of travel) simultaneously after mixing together, resinous shale is heated to 500 ℃～540 ℃, resinous shale is carried out to destructive distillation.After the mixing of hot and cold circulating mash gas, temperature is adjusted by adjusting into the ratio of the hot and cold circulating mash gas of gas retort, is generally: heat: cold=1:(0.1～0.2); At this moment, female cracking, the generation destructive distillation oil gas of producing of the oil in resinous shale.Destructive distillation oil gas rises together with mixed circulating mash gas, resinous shale is heated, while self temperature also constantly is reduced to 110 ℃ of left and right, and destructive distillation oil gas is when rising to air chamber, and being exported pipe derives outside gas retort, enter oil recovery system, through the water spray, cooling tower, revolve and catch device, the equipment such as electric trapper carry out oil and gas and water from, reclaim shale oil.Methane gas after receipts oil enters gas holder and stores stand-by.The semicoke generated after oil shale distillation is cooled in the semicoke exhaust channel, continue behind 250 ℃ of left and right descending by cold circulating mash gas, the watercooling jacket be arranged in the coke discharging passage is cooled to 180 ℃ of left and right to fall into water seal tank, pushing machine and scraper conveyer are equipped with in the water seal tank bottom, outside semicoke is scraped and come out of the stove, be sent to the semicoke stockyard.
The present invention mainly takes following technology to realize the purpose of invention.
The one, with the increase gas retort, the method for interior destructive distillation useful volume increases substantially the treatment capacity of gas retort.Gas retort of the present invention is compared with Huadian formula gas retort, in the situation that the gas retort floorage is identical, due to the ancient cooking vessel shape device of having cancelled hwa tien oven and battle array umbrella structure, the useful volume of gas retort has been increased more than 20% than hwa tien oven, thereby treatment capacity is also increased in proportion.
The 2nd, improve cloth and gas distribution uniformity coefficient by the mode of unit combination, improve the harmony of oil shale distillation, thereby improve the thermo-efficiency of oil recovery rate and gas retort.Usually the sectional area of gas retort is larger, just the more difficult uniformity coefficient that realizes cloth and gas distribution.This is also the basic reason that Fushun type retort and Huadian formula gas retort can not amplify in proportion.What gas retort was abstained from most is that so-called " bias current " phenomenon occurs in stove." bias current " phenomenon refers to that to form in stove temperatures at localized regions higher because of the air-flow skewness, and temperatures at localized regions is on the low side, causes destructive distillation incomplete, goes out " life " material, and oil recovery rate descends." bias current ", once phenomenon produces, is difficult in the short period of time eliminate.The major cause of " bias current " phenomenon is that the interior cloth of stove and gas distribution are inhomogeneous.Gas retort under certain structure and external conditions in stove cloth and gas distribution may be uniform, once but amplify, gas velocity, furnace pressure, material gait of march, the mode of advancing all change, and in stove, cloth and gas distribution just may be inhomogeneous, and " bias current " phenomenon is also with regard to corresponding generation.Gas retort of the present invention takes the method for unit combination to enlarge the capacity of gas retort, concerning each destructive distillation subelement, gas velocity, furnace pressure, material gait of march, the mode of advancing all do not change, so the destructive distillation operating mode is stable, does not have " bias current " phenomenon and produce.Concerning whole gas retort, because the operating mode of each destructive distillation subelement is stable, so the operating mode of whole gas retort is also stable.As need increase treatment capacity, as long as increase the destructive distillation subelement, just can realize.This has just guaranteed harmony and the reliability of oil shale distillation technique with the self structure of gas retort.
The 3rd, from the structure of gas retort, take measures, guarantee the gas distribution uniformity coefficient.The vertical-type grid wall is set in the gas retort stove, form passage between two grid walls, forcibly control air flow line and material movement direction, hot and cold circulating mash gas can only rise from this passage, resinous shale can only be descending from this passage, thereby guaranteed that resinous shale and thermal circulation gas equilibrium contact, and realize the complete destructive distillation of resinous shale.
The 4th, fully apply the gas full-circulation oil-shale retorting technique.The gas full-circulation oil-shale retorting technique is the state-of-the-art retorting technique of current oil shale distillation industry, and applicable to the resinous shale of various character, the oil recovery rate of gas retort can reach more than 90%.But use this Technology that certain external conditions need to be arranged, as hot gas should be balanced, continuously, temperature is without large fluctuation etc., the gas retort internal structure need to reach the processing condition of gas recycle to extinction, and as gas distribution is wanted evenly, contacting of hot methane gas and resinous shale is abundant, balanced etc.The present invention has all met the requirement of gas full-circulation oil-shale distillation process from the aspects such as discharge of the dispensing of hot and cold circulating mash gas, mixing temperature, carbonizing gas.
The utilization of the present invention to above technology, it is the result that combines thermodynamic argument, Hydrodynamics Theory, destructive distillation theory, theory of machines and manufacturing technology, automatic control technology, thereby realized the structural improvement of full circulation carbonization furnace, make the treatment capacity of gas retort equipment can reach the most advanced level in the world, efficiency further improves.It is compared with gas retort, Maoming formula distillation process gas retort, Huadian formula distillation process gas retort with traditional Fushun formula distillation process, has following significantly advantage.
1, treatment capacity is large, is suitable for large-scale industrial production.The day output of Combined type gas full-circulation oil-shale gas retort of the present invention can reach more than 6000 tons, and maximum carbonization furnace is suitable in the world, as need enlarge treatment capacity, can also further amplify.Its floor space of the gas retort that day output is 6000 tons only need to be used 1/3 left and right of Huadian formula gas retort.Facility investment, the operational management cost of this extensive, industrialization to oil shale retorting oil refining industry, reduction unit's ore deposit amount are significant.
2, oil recovery rate is high, and gas retort thermo-efficiency is high, energy-conservation.Because gas retort of the present invention still uses gas recycle to extinction distillation process, the gas retort oil recovery rate is high, can reach 90% left and right, is advanced international standard.Because the type of furnace strengthens, the heat lost by radiation of gas retort reduces relatively, and heat energy utilization is abundant, and the waste heat that has reclaimed semicoke is used further to oil shale retort, and the thermo-efficiency of gas retort is high.All technical is all domestic the highest and state-of-the-art, is also advanced international standard simultaneously.
3, the scope of application is wide, has improved the utilization ratio of resource.Because gas retort is interior without combustion unit, heating to circulating mash gas can adopt the external combustion type type of heating, while therefore using gas retort of the present invention, be applicable to the resinous shale of various qualities, be applicable to the resinous shale of 5～75mm, comprise that the resinous shale low to gas bearing capacity, that fixed carbon content is low, water content is low, granularity is less carries out destructive distillation oil refining, has improved the utilization ratio of resource greatly.Generally, the resinous shale of the 5～12mm discarded by traditional technology, maybe, when using Fushun formula distillation process, Maoming formula distillation process, the very low resinous shale that maybe can not carry out destructive distillation oil refining of oil recovery rate all can be used technique of the present invention and gas retort.
4, handiness is strong.Gas retort of the present invention is to be combined by a plurality of destructive distillation subelements, and the user can carry out free tolerance according to the practical situation of self.Can select the gas retort be combined into 10 destructive distillation subelements, also can select with 20 or 30 gas retorts that the destructive distillation subelement is combined into, all no problem on technology and technique.When this has just removed use Fushun or Huadian formula gas retort, single furnace capacity of gas retort can not enlarge, and can only solve by increase gas retort number of units the puzzlement of problem.220 of the gas retorts of the existing 100 tons for the treatment of capacities of Fushun destructive distillation oil refining factory, as the gas retort that uses the present invention to be combined into by 30 destructive distillation subelements, as long as there are 4 gas retorts just enough.
5, automatic control level is high, has increased security, the reliability of operation.The gas retort of traditional technology be in operation gas and coal-char combustion, there is air to enter, combustion processes is arranged, all have coking, obstruction, the possibility of blast even occur, Fushun formula distillation process, Maoming formula distillation process, because all containing oxygen in carbonizing gas, all have the record of blasting.And not burning in gas retort of the present invention does not have air to enter, the possibility of also just not blasting.Whole oil shale retorting oil refining technique and gas retort all adopt the DCS centralized Control, and the security of level of automation, automatic control level, gas retort and the reliability of use all increase greatly, can realize long-period stable operation.
6, saved investment.Gas retort of the present invention, due to the simplification of internal structure and increasing substantially for the treatment of capacity, saves the gas retort construction investment greatly.For example, build the destructive distillation oil refining factory that a year processes 3,000,000 tons, resinous shale, need build 100 of Fushun type retorts, the facility investment of gas retort is 300,000,000 yuan of left and right approximately; As build 34 of " 300 tons of gas retorts of Huadian formula " need, the facility investment of gas retort is 1.7 hundred million yuan of left and right approximately; As build the gas retort that day output of the present invention is 6000 tons, and there are 2 gas retorts just enough, the facility investment of gas retort is 7,000 ten thousand yuan of left and right approximately.Than Fushun type retort, reduce investment outlay more than 2/3.As more as the investment that adds civil engineering, pipeline and the saving of other auxiliary facilities.
7, reduced the operational management cost.Due to the maximization of technology and equipment, thermo-efficiency improves, and power consumption reduces, and operation the operations staff reduce, and the operational management cost of gas retort of the present invention is also by decrease.
8, simple in structure, easy to operate.Gas retort of the present invention, from the igniting that goes into operation to operational management, is controlled parameter less, and safety coefficient is high, can not produce coking, and the Peril Incidents such as blast can be realized long-term operation.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the circular gas retort structural representation of Fushun formula.Each several part shown in figure is respectively: refractory brick 1; Feed valve 2; Battle array umbrella 3; Retort section 4; Circulating mash gas passage 5; Arch abutment 6; Thermal circulation gas inlet pipe 7; Combustion chamber 8; Public attention 9; Discharging device for coke 10; Basin 11; Saturated air inlet pipe 12.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the square gas retort of Maoming formula;
Fig. 3 is the structure iron of Huadian formula resinous shale gas full-cycle gas retort; Each several part shown in figure is respectively: refractory brick 301; Steel plate 302; Hopper 303; Feed valve 304; Battle array umbrella 305; Carbonizing gas delivery line 306; Herring-bone plate washer 307; Ancient cooking vessel shape device 308; Thermal circulation gas inlet pipe 309; Tracery wall 310; Cold circulating mash gas inlet pipe 311; Watercooling jacket 312; Blow-off valve 314; Scraper conveyer 315; Water seal tank 316.
Fig. 4 is structure and the fundamental diagram of the single destructive distillation subelement of Combined type gas full-circulation oil-shale gas retort.In figure: hopper 401; Slide valve 402; Feeding machine 403; Air chamber 404; Carbonizing gas delivery line 405; Chev(e)ron baffle 406; Thermal circulation gas inlet pipe 407; Thermal circulation gas spout 408; Grid wall 409; Cold circulating mash gas inlet pipe 410; Cold circulating mash gas spout 411; Watercooling jacket 412; Coke discharging passage 413; Pushing machine 414; Scraper conveyer 415; Water seal tank 416; Cold circulating mash gas passage 417; Thermal circulation gas passage 418; Refractory brick 419; Herring-bone crossbeam 421.
The structural representation of the Combined type gas full-circulation oil-shale gas retort that Fig. 5 is comprised of 3 destructive distillation subelements.
Embodiment
Fig. 4 is destructive distillation sub-unit structure and the fundamental diagram of Combined type gas full-circulation oil-shale gas retort.The resinous shale that meets gas retort processing requirement specification after crushing and screening, add from the top of gas retort by feeding machine 403.Resinous shale is from gas retort top adds, after herring-bone crossbeam 421 and chev(e)ron baffle 406 distributions, evenly fall, be divided into some passages by chev(e)ron baffle, and enter by vertically arranged grid wall 409 and intercept the passage formed, the thermal circulation gas contact that resinous shale passes into from bottom in the dropping process neutralization, be heated to 500 ℃～540 ℃, destructive distillation occurs.The cold circulating mash gas of 40 ℃ of left and right enters the cold circulating mash gas passage 417 in grid wall 409 from cold circulating mash gas inlet pipe 410; Cold circulating mash gas passage 417 is provided with cold circulating mash gas spout 411, outside injected cool circulating mash gas, cold circulating mash gas can only rise along the gas channel of being separated by grid wall 409 (being also simultaneously the exhaust channel 413 of the semicoke that generates after oil shale distillation), air-flow is distributed by equilibrium, cold circulating mash gas is contacted and is heated to more than 450 ℃ by the semicoke of destructive distillation in the uphill process neutralization, reclaims the waste heat of semicoke; The thermal circulation gas of 640～680 ℃ of left and right enters thermal circulation gas passage 418 from the thermal circulation gas inlet pipe 407 that is arranged at grid wall 409 middle parts; Thermal circulation gas passage 418 has spout 408; Outwards spray thermal circulation gas from the both sides of grid wall, jet velocity surpasses the 3.5m/s left and right, is enough to penetrate whole oil shale layer.The thermal circulation gas ejected is here joined with the cold circulating mash gas that has absorbed the semicoke heat, after mixing, along the gas channel of being separated by grid wall 409 (being also the resinous shale path of travel) simultaneously, rise together, temperature is between 580～620 ℃, resinous shale is heated to 500 ℃～540 ℃, resinous shale is carried out to destructive distillation.After the mixing of hot and cold circulating mash gas, temperature is adjusted by adjusting into the ratio of the hot and cold circulating mash gas of gas retort, is generally heat: cold=1:(0.1～0.2), after mixing, the temperature of thermal barrier is controlled between 580 ℃～620 ℃; At this moment, female cracking, the generation destructive distillation oil gas of producing of the oil in resinous shale.Destructive distillation oil gas rises together with mixed circulating mash gas, resinous shale is heated, and while self temperature also constantly is reduced to 110 ℃ of left and right, and destructive distillation oil gas is when rising to air chamber 404, derived outside gas retort by carbonizing gas delivery line 5, enter oil recovery system and reclaim shale oil.The semicoke generated after oil shale distillation is cooled in semicoke exhaust channel 413, continue behind 250 ℃ of left and right descending by cold circulating mash gas, the watercooling jacket 412 that is arranged on grid wall 409 bottoms is cooled to 180 ℃ of left and right to fall into water seal tank 416, pushing machine 414 and scraper conveyer 415 are equipped with in water seal tank 416 bottoms, outside semicoke is scraped and come out of the stove, be sent to the semicoke stockyard.
The structure iron of the Combined type gas full-circulation oil-shale gas retort that Fig. 5 is comprised of 3 destructive distillation subelements, mainly reflected the array mode of each destructive distillation subelement in the gas retort in figure, except the grid wall of two sides of gas retort is only arranging the circulating mash gas spout in one side, middle grid wall all arranges the circulating mash gas spout on two sides, simultaneously outside spraying cycle gas.For reducing investment outlay, the furnace wall of middle destructive distillation subelement is not built top, and the top in gas retort is communicated with, and air-flow can unrestricted flow.The oil-containing gas that resinous shale produces in retort process converges from the air chamber 404 that is arranged at the gas retort top, and derives outside gas retort through carbonizing gas delivery line 405, and during discharge, temperature is 110 ℃ of left and right approximately.Each air chamber top can arrange a plurality of carbonizing gas delivery lines as required, to realize even exhaust.In the gas retort bottom, 3 destructive distillation subelements share 1 water seal tank 416, and pushing machine 414 and scraper conveyer 415 are equipped with in water seal tank 416 bottoms, outside semicoke is scraped and come out of the stove, are sent to the semicoke stockyard.
The same with other gas recycle to extinction destructive distillation oil refining process, carbonizing gas discharge gas retort reclaim shale oil by oil recovery apparatus after and be cooled to 40 ℃ of left and right, enter gas holder.A part is sent into process furnace by the gas blower fan and is acted as a fuel; A part is sent into process furnace by the gas blower fan and is heated to more than 700 ℃ and sends gas retort back to as thermal circulation gas again, and while entering gas retort, temperature is 640～680 ℃ of left and right; A part sends into by the gas blower fan waste heat that semicoke is reclaimed in gas retort bottom as cold circulating mash gas, after temperature rises to more than 450 ℃ and the thermal circulation gas thermal barrier that is mixed into 580～620 ℃ of left and right resinous shale is carried out to destructive distillation; Thermal barrier carries out in retort process self temperature to resinous shale and constantly descends, and to gas retort exit, approximately 110 ℃ of temperature, is imported into oil recovery apparatus and receives oil, so goes round and begins again, and forms complete, continuous technique.
Implement gas retort of the present invention importantly, the quantity of the processing power of gas retort and destructive distillation subelement is directly proportional.Although each destructive distillation subelement can independent operating, due in order to guarantee the homogeneity of gas distribution, destructive distillation subelement narrower in width, generally be no more than 1m, and therefore to the major general, the destructive distillation subelement more than 3 is combined into a gas retort usually.A plurality of destructive distillation subelements of the coke pushing equipment of lower furnace can share.The daily handling ability of the destructive distillation subelement that sectional area is 1000mm * 4000mm is about 150～200 tons of left and right.The factors such as the character of the daily handling ability of gas retort and resinous shale by destructive distillation, water content, maximum particle diameter, particle diameter ratio, destructive distillation final temperature, destructive distillation caloric receptivity are relevant, need be adjusted according to practical situation.Between while using gas retort of the present invention, the ratio of the maximum particle diameter of the resinous shale that advances same gas retort destructive distillation and minimum grain size being controlled to 2～3, be advisable.The ratio control of measuring when hot and cold circulating mash gas is advanced to gas retort take that to mix rear temperature be control criterion between 600 ℃～620 ℃; Generally, heat: cold=1:(0.1～0.2).
Gas retort of the present invention is applicable to the resinous shale of destructive distillation 5～75mm.Resinous shale gas retort of the present invention to 5～12mm of going out of use in traditional distillation process can utilize.
Particular location and the structure of implementing the gas retort internal part of technique of the present invention should meet the requirement that realizes the complete destructive distillation of resinous shale, otherwise will affect thermo-efficiency and the oil recovery rate of gas retort.Such as the height of the grid wall more than the thermal circulation gas spout should not be less than 2m, the distance between thermal circulation gas and cold circulating mash gas spout should not be less than 3m, and the height of air chamber should not be less than 2m etc.Otherwise will affect the mixing temperature of hot and cold circulating mash gas, and make resinous shale can not reach the degree of complete destructive distillation in gas retort, affect oil recovery rate, or cause the carbonizing gas outflow temperature too high, affect the thermo-efficiency of gas retort.
Claims (6)
1. a Combined type gas full-cycle gas retort, it is characterized in that: gas retort is comprised of several destructive distillation subelements, each destructive distillation subelement is relatively independent, with centre, is provided with the thermal circulation gas passage, and both sides have the distribution device of the grid wall of thermal circulation gas spout as gas retort; The destructive distillation subelement comprises distribution device, grid wall, Semi-coke cooling device and discharging device for coke in feeding device, oil gas take-up gear, stove.
2. Combined type gas full-cycle gas retort according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described grid wall uprightly arranges perpendicular to bottom surface in gas retort, form a passage between every 2 stifled grid walls, form 1 independently destructive distillation subelement, the stifled grid wall of n forms n-1 independently destructive distillation subelement; Between grid wall, be the path of travel of resinous shale, be also gas channel simultaneously; Grid wall is built into by refractory brick, and the inside of grid wall is provided with the thermal circulation gas passage, and the thermal circulation gas passage is connected with the thermal circulation gas inlet pipe, and the both sides of thermal circulation gas passage have the thermal circulation gas spout; The centre of the bottom of grid wall is provided with cold circulating mash gas passage, and cold circulating mash gas passage is connected with cold circulating mash gas inlet pipe, and the both sides of cold circulating mash gas passage have cold circulating mash gas spout.
3. Combined type gas full-cycle gas retort according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described oil gas take-up gear is comprised of the air chamber that is arranged at gas retort top and carbonizing gas delivery line, and air chamber is provided with a plurality of carbonizing gas relief outlets; Air chamber be arranged at grid wall directly over, the quantity of air chamber quantity and grid wall is identical; Air chamber employment cross-beam of character form supports, and on the herring-bone crossbeam, has pore, between air chamber and air chamber, is interconnected, and carbonizing gas can unrestricted flow.
4. Combined type gas full-cycle gas retort according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described stove, distribution device is arranged at the upper middle part of stove, by the herring-bone crossbeam and the chev(e)ron baffle that support air chamber, formed, chev(e)ron baffle arranges under the gas retort opening for feed, on grid wall, be staggered with the herring-bone crossbeam, have pore on chev(e)ron baffle.
5. Combined type gas full-cycle gas retort according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Semi-coke cooling device is located at lower furnace, by cold circulating mash gas inlet pipe and cold circulating mash gas spout, watercooling jacket, formed, watercooling jacket is arranged at the bottom of grid wall, and the both sides of watercooling jacket arrange the coke discharging passage.
6. Combined type gas full-cycle gas retort according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described discharging device for coke is comprised of coke discharging passage, pushing machine, scraper conveyer, water seal tank; Pushing machine, scraper conveyer, water seal tank are arranged at the bottom of gas retort, and coke pushing equipment can be shared by a plurality of destructive distillation subelements, and the water seal tank of gas retort bottom is full of water when operation, is highly 600～900mm.
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| CN102757802A (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2012-10-31 | 李柯 | Gas-heat-carrier full-circulation square furnace |
| CN102746864A (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2012-10-24 | 李柯 | Gas heat carrier multifunctional round furnace |
| CN102925181B (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-11-06 | 鞍钢集团工程技术有限公司 | High-pressure dry distillation technology and device for oil shale ores |
| CN103468286A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-12-25 | 武汉科技大学 | Annular fluid split-flow channel with flow-equalizing ring |
| CN104479705B (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-09-28 | 东北电力大学 | A kind of oil shale gas heat carrier gas retort being prone to maximize |
| CN104498068B (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-08-24 | 汪清县龙腾能源开发有限公司 | The carbonization furnace of a kind of band air seal set does coke discharging method |
| CN105349160A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-02-24 | 李西宁 | Continuous vertical porous dry distillation furnace for straw |
| CN107502379A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2017-12-22 | 辽宁成大股份有限公司 | A kind of gas distribution equipment for gas complete alternation long flame coal carbonization furnace |
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