CN101649214B - Externally-fired oil shale distillation process and device - Google Patents
Externally-fired oil shale distillation process and device Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 190
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 33
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 18
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008161 low-grade oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an externally-fired oil shale distillation oil refining process and a device, which can effectively improve the defects in existing internally-fired distillation process and the device such as small daily treatment capacity, large occupied area, low oil recovering rate, environmental protection, inefficient use of semicoke and the like. The invention can burn and use semicoke, has simple structure, convenient operation, safety and reliability and saved investment, and has above 90% of oil recovering rate. The invention is characterized in that the mixture of flue gas and saturated vapor is taken as a hot carrier at the temperature of about 700 DEG C, which is continuously and evenly transported to the middle part of a gas retort to heat the oil shale to about 550 DEG C to generate distillation. The main facilities for implementing the process are a crushing and screening device, a hot carrier preparing and heating device, a belt conveyer, a feeding device, the gas retort and a condensation and recovery device; the hot carrier preparing and heating device is the key device for realizing the process, which comprises a semicoke gas combined furnace, a waste heat boiler, a hot carrier mixed pipe, a regulating valve and the like.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technique and device that resinous shale is carried out destructive distillation oil refining with the external combustion mode.
Background technology
At present, domestic oil shale retorting oil refining all adopts the internal combustion mode, and a kind of is Fushun formula circular furnace, and oil-collecting ratio is about 60～65%, sometimes can only reach about 55%, and the processing granularity is 12-75mm.Single stove processing power is little, 100 tons in day handling oil shale.Formula side, a kind of Maoming stove is full internal combustion type, and oil-collecting ratio is about 70%, and the processing granularity is 30-120mm.Single stove processing power is 200 ton per days.Two kinds of type of furnaces all have treatment capacity little, and floor space is large, the defectives such as oil-collecting ratio is low, contaminate environment.Formula side, Maoming stove all stops production the eighties in 20th century because of pollution problem.Describe structure and the principle of Fushun formula technique and gas retort, process furnace in detail by " the additional energy of resinous shale-oil " (Sinopec press in July, 2008 first version) of Qian Jialin, Yin Liang chief editor, and on the 146th page and 148 pages structure that has disclosed gas retort, process furnace.Gas retort as shown in Figure 4, comprise feeding device 401, body of heater 403 and ash exhauster 410, described feeding device 401 is arranged at the top of body of heater 403, ash exhauster 410 is arranged at the bottom of body of heater 403, the top of described body of heater 403 arranges collection and confinement of gases umbrella 402, middle portion arranges circulation gas entrance 407, arch abutment 406, described arch abutment 406 is divided into top retort section 404 and bottom gasification section 408 with body of heater 403, combustion air and water vapour enter gas retort from public attention 409, burning and vaporization reaction occur, the heat that produces is supplied to retort section, because the heat that burning zone produces is inadequate, passes into circulating mash gas from circulation gas entrance 407 again and replenishes.Circulating mash gas then heats with the heat accumulating type gas heating furnace, and process furnace comprises combustion chamber 504, regenerator 503, relief cover 501, circulation gas entrance 505, circulation gas entrance 506 as shown in Figure 5, has filled up checker brick 502 in the regenerator 503.Recuperative heater is discontinuous operation, and general one group of stove (totally 20 gas retorts, throughput is 2000 tons of every days) is established three recuperative heaters, a burning, and a heat hot carrier, one is for subsequent use, is used alternatingly.The shortcoming of internal combustion type gas retort is: one, owing in the stove combustion reactions is arranged, the oil gas burning that causes easily destructive distillation to produce has reduced the oil recovery rate; Two, owing in the stove combustion reactions is arranged, the high temperature that burning produces is bad as controlling, and affects the normal operation of stove.The temperature height causes coking easily, and stifled stove can not normally move gas retort.Difficult treatment not only when coking occurs, labour intensity is large, and causes idle cost; Temperature is low, may cause again destructive distillation incomplete, and oil-collecting ratio is reduced; Three, have oxygen to enter gas retort during internal combustion, if any residual oxygen, and the gas that destructive distillation produces is mixed, and surpassing certain proportion can set off an explosion, and will consist of major safety risks to oil recovery system.Four, internal combustion mode gas retort is for preventing that oxygen is superfluous in the stove, generally all take anoxycausis, the semicoke of discharging still contains fixed carbon, Fushun type retort semicoke thermal value is between 300-500 kilocalorie/kilogram, hesitate to discard, be difficult to utilize, but difficult treatment, can only be used for baking bricks or going out of use, often cause environmental pollution.
The ATP stove of external Australia, Estonian Abel Kiviat stove etc. also adopts the internal combustion mode, the ATP stove (Alberea-Taciuk Processor) of Australia.Huge, the complex structure of this appliance arrangement.The long 62.5m of Hui converter, diameter 8.2m, weight 2500t.Designing oily yield is 92%, and reality is 75-80%, only reaches about 80% of design level, processing power is 6000t/d, and actual motion only reaches 4400t/d, is 74% of design, and frequent shutdown maintenance, working rate is about 50%, has the longlyest once also only moved continuously 96 days.Estonian Abel Kiviat stove existing problems also are that operation factor is not high, often shutdown maintenance.Fushun Mining Group is introduced an ATP stove, and about 1,500,000,000 yuan of gross investment was built since 2005, up to the present, not yet produced.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide for oil shale distillation external combustion type technique a kind of heating process and device of thermal barrier, can effectively improve the defective of existing internal combustion type distillation process and equipment, it is little to solve present domestic oil shale retorting oil refining device day output, floor space is large, oil-collecting ratio is low, contaminate environment, semicoke can not get the defectives such as effectively utilization, external combustion type technique of the present invention and device not only can use semicoke, thermo-efficiency is high, and can provide to gas retort the thermal barrier of continuous equilibrium, and can guarantee the gas retort safe operation.Key problem in technology of the present invention is: the low heat value semicoke is better burnt, and its calorific value can be utilized effectively; Two, can be to the destructive distillation thermal barrier of gas retort continous-stable supply temperature about 700 ℃, oxygen level is lower than safe limit 1% in the thermal barrier, makes distillation process and device energy safe and stable operation; Three, the heat that provides of thermal barrier can satisfy the caloric requirement of gas retort, makes resinous shale reach complete destructive distillation.Thereby can use advanced external combustion type art breading low grade oil shale, solve the technical bottleneck problem of restriction oil shale industry development.The present invention is simple in structure, easy to operate, safe and reliable, investment is saved, and oily yield of the present invention is more than 90%.
Concrete scheme is:
1. an externally-fired oil shale distillation oil refining process is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A. crushing and screening: ore reduction is become specification below the 25mm, and equipment used is domestic standardized Crushing ﹠ Screening Machineries;
B. cloth system: the ore that will be broken into the specification below the 25mm by cloth system is sent into gas retort;
C. thermal barrier is produced and heated: with semicoke and gas multifuel combustion in mixed-burning furnace that gas retort is discharged, afterbody is established waste heat boiler, obtains flue gas and saturation steam, and it is mixed into the thermal barrier about 700 ℃ and introduces gas retort
D. destructive distillation: use the mixture of flue gas and saturation steam as thermal barrier, about about 700 ℃, balancedly send into continuously the gas retort middle part, resinous shale is heated to about 550 ℃, destructive distillation occurs.The oil gas that destructive distillation produces is discharged from gas retort top and is entered condensate recovery system, saturation steam enters from the gas retort bottom, the semicoke that destructive distillation is complete is cooled to 250 ℃, reclaim the physics sensible heat of semicoke, replenish destructive distillation institute heat requirement, semicoke is cooled to 80 ℃ through water spray again and discharges out of the furnace, and delivers to the semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove and is used as fuel.
E. condensation is reclaimed: destructive distillation oil gas comprises water spray, indirect cool tower through oil recovery system, revolve catch device, electric trapper (after receiving oil, carry out oil and gas and water from, oil enters basin, water enters circulating water pool, and the carbonizing gas of oil-containing is not sent to the semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove and is used as fuel or delivers to power station generating.
2, a kind of externally-fired oil shale distillation oil refining apparatus.The invention also discloses a kind of device of realizing described externally-fired oil shale distillation oil refining process, comprise that crushing and screening device, distribution device, thermal barrier produce and heating unit, gas retort, condensate recycling device etc., wherein to produce with heating unit be nucleus equipment of the present invention to thermal barrier, and all the other equipment are domestic standard equipment or published patent equipment.
A, described Crushing ﹠ Screening Machineries are selected general domestic standardized Crushing ﹠ Screening Machineries, and ore reduction is become specification below the 25mm:
B, described cloth system adopt the ore after general domestic rotary conveyor will be processed by the crushing and screening device to send into gas retort;
C, described gas retort adopt Shenyang Chengda Hongsheng Energy Institute Co., Ltd.'s invention " day 300 tons of resinous shale gas full-cycle gas retorts of processing ", the patent No.: 2008102288910, or the inventor's " day process 2000 tons of granule wax shale destructive distillation stoves " patent of invention of declaring on November 20th, 2008, number of patent application: 200810228892.5.Be with this binomial publication difference during use: 1, thermal barrier is not circulating mash gas, but the mixture of flue gas and water vapor; What 2, pass into from the bottom of gas retort is not circulating mash gas but saturation steam; 3, the mode of the discharging of the coke is not that wet method is discharged of the coke, but adopts " method that oil shale dry-process discharges of the coke and the water spraying structure of gas retort " of Shenyang Chengda Hongsheng Energy Institute Co., Ltd.'s invention, the patent No.: 200910011819.7;
D, described condensate recycling device comprise water spray system, indirect cool tower, revolve equipment such as catching device, electric trapper and all adopt general home equipment, can order goods to manufacturer as required;
E, described thermal barrier are produced with heating unit and are comprised semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove 5 and waste heat boiler 7, gas blower, and corresponding duct coupling and variable valve, gas semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove 5 has exhaust gases passes 25 to link to each other with waste heat boiler 7 centres, dump grate 2 is arranged on the top that the bottom of semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove 5 burner hearths, a gas burner 3 are arranged on dump grate, secondary gas burner 6 is arranged on the top of burner hearth, hopper 4 is arranged on the outside of mixed-burning furnace, and exhanst gas outlet 25 couples together gas semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove and waste heat boiler; The waste heat boiler 7 that is connected with exhanst gas outlet 25 arranges saturation steam fairlead 17, establish variable valve 16 on the steam fairlead, flue gas discharge opening 18 is located at the rear portion of waste heat boiler, the saturation steam that described waste heat boiler produces and flue gas are mixed in mixing tube 10, the flue gas discharge opening 18 of waste heat boiler 7 links to each other with flue gas mixing tube 10, be sent to gas retort as thermal barrier after saturation steam and flue gas are mixed in mixing tube 10, gas blower is sent into air through sending into pipe 21, air is sent into the top that pipe 21 is arranged on the dump grate afterbody, air is entered the bottom of gas semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove dump grate 2 by preheated air entrance 24 by the lime-ash preheating, be used as combustion air, the lime-ash of after-flame enters water seal tank 23, is discharged out of the furnace by scraper conveyer 22.Described waste heat boiler 7 is comprised of upper drum 8, lower drum 20 and convection bank 19.
The key problem in technology of technique of the present invention is with the thermal barrier of external combustion mode to about 700 ℃ of the continuous equilibrium supplies of gas retort, thermal barrier is the miscellany of flue gas and saturation steam, thermal barrier heats with the semi-coke gas multifuel combustion device, thermal barrier about 700 ℃ makes resinous shale obtain abundant destructive distillation after introducing gas retort.Destructive distillation institute heat requirement is all obtained by byproduct gas and the semicoke of burning destructive distillation.Adopted following technology to reach the purpose of invention for this reason.The one, adopted the once technology of screening in resinous shale crushing and screening system.Ore reduction is become specification below the 25mm, return again broken sieve of feed bin greater than the ore of 25mm, reduced investment and the power consumption of multi-stage screening.The 2nd, cancelled in the recycle to extinction technique preheating and drying to resinous shale, as thermal barrier resinous shale is directly carried out destructive distillation with the mixture of flue gas and water vapor, greatly improved the utilising efficiency of heat energy, save the energy.The 3rd, gas retort adopts advanced " day 300 tons of resinous shale gas full-cycle gas retorts of processing ", the patent No.: 2008102288910, or the inventor's " day process 2000 tons of granule wax shale destructive distillation stoves " patent of invention of declaring on November 20th, 2008, number of patent application: 200810228892.5.These two kinds of patents all have the characteristics that the type of furnace is large, technique is advanced, the oil recovery rate is high; The 4th, replace cold circulating mash gas cooling semicoke with saturation steam, saturation steam enters from the gas retort bottom, semicoke is cooled to below 250 ℃, reclaimed heat, this part water vapor is condensed into water once going out gas retort, reduced the volume of destructive distillation product, alleviated the pressure of after-treatment device, changed simultaneously the way that traditional Fushun technique passes into the air cooling semicoke below, avoided the defective of combustion gasses and fixed carbon in gas retort, not only improve the oil recovery rate, also improved the calorific value of semicoke simultaneously.The 5th, the process using dry method of the present invention technology of the discharging of the coke, application for a patent for invention number: 200910011819.7, pass into normal-temperature water in the gas retort bottom, form the water vapour barrier layer, prevented the methane gas effusion, protected environment.The 6th, thermal barrier produce with heating unit in adopted the technology of gas and semicoke mixed firing, guaranteed that semicoke can burnout substantially and gas retort to the requirement of heat and temperature, utilized simultaneously low-calorie semicoke (thermal value is at 800-1000 kilocalorie/kilogram), saved the energy, the lime-ash after the burning is directly used in makes building material product or mine backfilling.The 7th, adopted the way of regulating the thermal barrier temperature with water vapor, method is simple, easy to operate, the thermal barrier temperature that enters gas retort is controlled at about 700 ℃, cancelled Fushun formula regenerative furnace, solved simultaneously Fushun formula regenerative furnace methane gas temperature fluctuation, unbalanced defective, guaranteed that the thermal barrier temperature that enters gas retort is not less than 700 ℃ requirement.The 8th, this process water has been realized closed circulation, does not discharge water saving, energy-conservation, pollution-free.Water enters circulating water pool after being used for the cooling of oil gas after oily water separation, return after treatment water circulation system.
Technical process of the present invention is as follows:
Use general Crushing ﹠ Screening Machineries, resinous shale is broken into specification below the 25mm: the ore after will being processed by the crushing and screening device with domestic rotary conveyor be sent into gas retort through cloth system; Semicoke and gas multifuel combustion in mixed-burning furnace with gas retort is discharged obtain flue gas and water vapor, and its thermal barrier that is mixed into about 700 ℃ is introduced gas retort, and the thermal barrier about 700 ℃ is sent into gas retort continuously from gas retort middle part equilibrium.Resinous shale is heated to about 550 ℃ destructive distillation occurs, the oil gas that destructive distillation generates is drawn from gas retort top, enter the oil recovery system, destructive distillation oil gas is through water spray, indirect cool tower, revolve and catch after device, electric trapper receive oil, carry out oil and gas and water from, oil enters basin, water enters circulating water pool, recycles after the processing.The carbonizing gas of oil-containing is not sent to gas Chu gas holder, and a part is introduced the semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove and is used as fuel, and a part enters the Gas Power Plant generating and uses.Resinous shale after the destructive distillation becomes semicoke and discharges from the gas retort bottom, the saturation steam that semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove rear portion waste heat boiler produces enters from the gas retort bottom, the semicoke that destructive distillation is complete is cooled to 250 ℃, through waterworks semicoke is cooled to 80 ℃ again and discharges out of the furnace, deliver to the semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove and be used as fuel.
The present invention compares with the domestic internal combustion type Fushun formula oil shale distillation process that generally uses now, and has following obvious advantage.The one, treatment capacity is large, and Fushun stove day output is 100 tons, and the single stove day output of the present invention is the 300-2000 ton; The 2nd, the oil recovery rate is high, owing to adopt external combustion type, without combustion reactions, oil gas can not burnt in stove, has improved the oil recovery rate in the stove, fushun retort oven oil recovery rate is 60-65%, the present invention is through commerical test, and in the not too perfect situation of testing apparatus, oil-collecting ratio has reached 82%, by theoretical measuring and calculating, the oil recovery rate should be more than 90%; The 3rd, energy-conservation, because the mixture that has adopted flue gas and water vapor has been cancelled recuperative heater as thermal barrier, there is not the process of heat exchange between gas and the flue gas, improved thermo-efficiency.Semicoke and gas and multifuel combustion, the heat in the semicoke is fully utilized.Whole destructive distillation oil refining institute heat requirement derives from resinous shale itself fully, and unnecessary methane gas also is used for generating, has remedied more than 80% of destructive distillation power supply for station load; The 4th, the closed circulation of water has been adopted in environmental protection, the present invention, desulfurization, and semicoke and gas mixed firing, the technology such as off-gas recovery utilization, cyclone dust removal, non-wastewater discharge, contamination-free is overflowed, and the Slag recovering utilization meets national requirements for environmental protection; The 5th, reduced investment has been cancelled regenerative heater in the technical process and drying oven has been saved investment; The 6th, good in economic efficiency, because power consumption reduces, oily yield improves, and economic benefit obviously increases.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the externally-fired oil shale distillation process schema;
Fig. 2 is that thermal barrier is produced and the heating unit fundamental diagram; Each several part is respectively shown in the figure: 1, feeding device, 2 dump grates, 3, gas burners, 4 hoppers, 5, gas semicoke mixed-burning furnace, 6, secondary gas burner, 7, waste heat boiler, 8, upper drum, 9, water inlet pipe, 10, the thermal barrier mixing tube, 11, control valve, 12, the heat-carrier inlet, 13, gas retort, 14, semicoke outlet, 15, steam entry, 16, variable valve, 17, the saturation steam fairlead
Fig. 3 is that thermal barrier is produced and the heating unit structural representation; Each several part is respectively shown in the figure: 1, feeding device, 2 dump grates, 3, gas burners, 4 hoppers, 5, gas semicoke mixed-burning furnace, 6, secondary gas burner, 7, waste heat boiler, 8, upper drum, 9, water inlet pipe, 10, thermal barrier mixing tube, 11, control valve, 16, variable valve, 17, the saturation steam fairlead, 18, exhaust-heat boiler flue gas relief outlet, 19, convection bank, 20, lower drum, 21, air is through sending into pipe, 22, scraper conveyer, 23, water seal tank, 24, the preheated air entrance, 25, the mixed-burning furnace exhanst gas outlet;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of Fushun type retort; Each several part is respectively shown in the figure: feeding device 401, collection and confinement of gases umbrella 402, body of heater 403, retort section 404, mixing section 405, arch abutment 406, circulation gas entrance 407, gasification section 408, public attention 409, ash exhauster 410, cupel 411, water seal 412;
Fig. 5 is Fushun formula regenerative heater structural representation, and each several part is respectively shown in the figure: relief cover 501, checker brick 502, regenerator 503, combustion chamber 504, circulation gas entrance 505, circulation gas entrance 506,
Fig. 6 is day structural representation of 300 tons of resinous shale gas full-cycle gas retorts of processing;
Fig. 7 is day 2000 tons of granule wax shale destructive distillation furnace structure synoptic diagram of processing.
Embodiment
Technical process of the present invention has mainly reflected the flow process of this novel process as shown in Figure 1 among the figure, from ore reduction screening, to the producing and heat of thermal barrier, the process of destructive distillation, the recovery system of oil gas, water circuit has distinct reflection.Specifically comprise the steps:
A. crushing and screening: ore reduction is become specification less than 25mm;
B. cloth system: the ore that will be broken into the specification below the 25mm by cloth system is sent into gas retort;
C. the producing and heat of thermal barrier: with semicoke and gas multifuel combustion in mixed-burning furnace that gas retort is discharged, afterbody is established waste heat boiler, obtains flue gas and saturation steam, and it is mixed into the thermal barrier about 700 ℃ and introduces gas retort;
D. destructive distillation: use the mixture of flue gas and saturation steam as thermal barrier, about about 700 ℃, balancedly send into continuously the gas retort middle part, resinous shale is heated to about 550 ℃, destructive distillation occurs.The oil gas that destructive distillation produces is discharged from gas retort top and is entered condensate recovery system, and saturation steam enters from the gas retort bottom, and the semicoke that destructive distillation is complete is cooled to 250 ℃, is cooled to 80 ℃ through water spray again and discharges out of the furnace with scraper plate, delivers to the semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove and is used as fuel;
E. condensation is reclaimed: destructive distillation oil gas is through water spray, indirect cool tower, revolve and catch after device, electric trapper receive oil, carry out oil and gas and water from, oil enters basin, water enters circulating water pool, the carbonizing gas of oil-containing is not sent to gas holder, and a part is delivered to the semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove and is used as fuel, and a part is delivered to the Gas Power Plant generating and used.
The invention also discloses the device of realizing above-mentioned distillation process, comprise crushing and screening device, distribution device, gas retort, heat carrier heater, condensate recycling device, desulfurizer, gas holder, storage tank etc.
A, described crushing and screening device can be selected by treatment capacity and ore properties crusher and the sieve apparatus of domestic standard;
B, described cloth system can be selected general rotary conveyor and feeding machine;
C, described gas retort can be selected " day 300 tons of resinous shale gas full-cycle gas retorts of processing ", the patent No.: 2008102288910, or the inventor's " day process 2000 tons of granule wax shale destructive distillation stoves " patent of invention of declaring on November 20th, 2008, number of patent application: 200810228892.5.Its structure respectively as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.
D, the structure of described heat carrier heater as shown in Figure 3, semicoke adds from the feeding device 1 that is arranged on the semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove outside, one time gas sprays the And burning from the burner 3 on the top of dump grate 2, semicoke also takes fire when fire box temperature surpasses 650 ℃, dump grate constantly stirs the bed of material and material is pushed forward, after-flame gradually in progradation, fire box temperature reaches more than 1050 ℃, be located at the pure gas of secondary gas burner 6 ejections of upper furnace, residual oxygen consumption in the burner hearth is fallen, and the flue gas that burning produces enters waste heat boiler 7 through exhanst gas outlet 25.Described waste heat boiler 7 absorbs the heat of flue gas, flue-gas temperature is reduced to about 750 ℃, water in the waste heat boiler 7 is heated to form saturation steam simultaneously, saturation steam is drawn from fairlead 17, establish variable valve 16 on the steam fairlead, the flue gas discharge opening 18 of waste heat boiler 7 links to each other with thermal barrier mixing tube 10, saturation steam and flue gas are blended into the thermal barrier about 700 ℃ in mixing tube 10, deliver to gas retort, gas blower 21 is sent into air through sending into pipe, is entered the bottom of mixed-burning furnace dump grate by the lime-ash preheating by preheated air entrance 24, is used as combustion air, the lime-ash of after-flame enters water seal tank 23, is discharged out of the furnace by scraper conveyer 22;
E, described condensate recycling device comprise water spray system, revolve and catch device, indirect cool tower, electric trapper etc., and these equipment all adopt general home equipment, can directly order goods to manufacturer as required;
F, described desulfurizer are the S-contained substances that removes in the methane gas, to reach the emission standard of national regulation, can determine to select corresponding specification and model according to the sulphur content in the gas;
G, described gas holder are used for storing methane gas, are general-purpose equipment, can select according to actual needs;
H, described storage tank are general-purpose equipment, can select according to actual needs.
Implementation of the present invention should be noted that four problems.The one, in heat carrier heater, the ejection of gas burner be gas and air, can directly light, when fire box temperature surpassed 650 ℃, the semicoke on the dump grate just can take fire; The 2nd, the semicoke on the dump grate such as incomplete combustion can strengthen the feed rate of a gas or the fltting speed of adjustment dump grate; The 3rd, what secondary gas burner sprayed is pure gas, can not contain air, its objective is the residual oxygen that consumes in the burner hearth, does not make it bring distillation system into; The 4th, thermal barrier enters the temperature of gas retort and answers equilibrium, is stabilized in about 700 ℃, can not be too high, can not be excessively low, and the method for adjusting is to be blended into about 130 ℃ the water vapor that waste heat boiler produces.
Claims (2)
1. externally-fired oil shale distillation process, it is characterized in that: the mixture with flue gas and saturation steam is that thermal barrier carries out destructive distillation to resinous shale; Resinous shale is broken into specification below the 25mm; Send into gas retort with the ore after the processing of crushing and screening device through cloth system; Semicoke and gas multifuel combustion in mixed-burning furnace with the gas retort discharge, obtain flue gas and water vapor, its thermal barrier that is mixed into 700 ℃ is introduced gas retort, and 700 ℃ thermal barrier is sent into gas retort continuously from gas retort middle part equilibrium, resinous shale is heated to 550 ℃ destructive distillation occurs; The oil gas that destructive distillation generates is drawn from gas retort top, enters the oil recovery system, and destructive distillation oil gas is through water spray, indirect cool tower, revolves to catch after device, electric trapper receive oil, carry out oil and gas and water from, oil enters basin, water enters circulating water pool, recycles after the processing; The carbonizing gas of oil-containing is not sent to the gas gas storage holder, and a part is introduced gas semicoke mixed-burning furnace and is used as fuel, and a part enters the Gas Power Plant generating and uses; The saturation steam that gas semicoke mixed-burning furnace rear portion waste heat boiler produces enters from the gas retort bottom, and the semicoke that destructive distillation is complete is cooled to 250 ℃, through waterworks semicoke is cooled to 80 ℃ again and discharges out of the furnace, and delivers to gas semicoke mixed-burning furnace and is used as fuel.
2. an oil shale distillation thermal barrier is produced and heating unit, it is characterized in that: the oil shale distillation thermal barrier is produced with heating unit and is comprised gas semicoke mixed-burning furnace (5) and waste heat boiler (7), gas semicoke mixed-burning furnace (5) has mixed-burning furnace exhanst gas outlet (25) to link to each other with waste heat boiler (7) is middle, dump grate (2) is arranged on the bottom of gas semicoke mixed-burning furnace (5) burner hearth, a gas burner (3) is arranged on the top of dump grate, secondary gas burner (6) is arranged on the top of burner hearth, hopper (4) is arranged on the outside of mixed-burning furnace, and mixed-burning furnace exhanst gas outlet (25) couples together gas semicoke mixed-burning furnace and waste heat boiler; The waste heat boiler (7) that is connected with mixed-burning furnace exhanst gas outlet (25) arranges saturation steam fairlead (17), establish variable valve (16) on the steam fairlead, flue gas discharge opening (18) is located at the rear portion of waste heat boiler, the saturation steam that described waste heat boiler produces and flue gas are mixed in thermal barrier mixing tube (10), the flue gas discharge opening (18) of waste heat boiler (7) links to each other with thermal barrier mixing tube (10), be sent to gas retort as thermal barrier after saturation steam and flue gas are mixed in thermal barrier mixing tube (10), gas blower is sent into air through sending into pipe (21), air is sent into the top that pipe (21) is arranged on the dump grate afterbody, air is entered the bottom of gas semicoke mixed-burning furnace dump grate (2) by preheated air entrance (24) by the lime-ash preheating, be used as combustion air, the lime-ash of after-flame enters water seal tank (23), discharged out of the furnace by scraper conveyer (22), described waste heat boiler (7) is by upper drum (8), lower drum (20) and convection bank (19) form.
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| CN2009100132391A CN101649214B (en) | 2009-08-18 | 2009-08-18 | Externally-fired oil shale distillation process and device |
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| CN101921601A (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2010-12-22 | 抚顺矿业集团有限责任公司 | Novel ash discharge device of retort furnace |
| CN101979466A (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2011-02-23 | 北京科技大学 | Vertical and efficient device for extracting oil from oil sand by hot method and method thereof |
| CN102207029A (en) * | 2010-11-14 | 2011-10-05 | 龙口矿业集团有限公司 | Method for comprehensively utilizing oil shale refining residual gas |
| CN102260509A (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2011-11-30 | 吴启成 | Methane-circulating retort capable of handling 500 to 1,000 tons of oil shale daily |
| CN102295940B (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2013-06-26 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Novel oil shale dry distillation and oil refining method and device |
| CN103013545A (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2013-04-03 | 山东绿环动力设备有限公司 | Power generation system taking oil shale as energy |
| CN103776025B (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2016-03-16 | 李伟 | A kind of multi-stage multi-pipe dry distiller |
| CN105647551B (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2018-06-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of dry distillation of coal and coal catalytic cracking combined technique |
| CN106811222B (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2019-04-26 | 沈阳鑫博工业技术股份有限公司 | A kind of powdery oil shale distillation system device and its application method |
| CN106906007A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-06-30 | 中南大学 | A kind of electron wastes pyrolysis gas cleaning system and its method for processing electron wastes pyrolysis gas |
| CN110184083A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-30 | 中国成达工程有限公司 | A kind of coal oil residue treatment technique and processing unit |
| CN111826179A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-10-27 | 武汉光谷蓝焰新能源股份有限公司 | Biomass pyrolytic carbon heat cogeneration system |
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