CN101649214A - Externally-fired oil shale distillation process and device - Google Patents
Externally-fired oil shale distillation process and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101649214A CN101649214A CN200910013239A CN200910013239A CN101649214A CN 101649214 A CN101649214 A CN 101649214A CN 200910013239 A CN200910013239 A CN 200910013239A CN 200910013239 A CN200910013239 A CN 200910013239A CN 101649214 A CN101649214 A CN 101649214A
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- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 189
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 16
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008161 low-grade oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an externally-fired oil shale distillation oil refining process and a device, which can effectively improve the defects in existing internally-fired distillation process and thedevice such as small daily treatment capacity, large occupied area, low oil recovering rate, environmental protection, inefficient use of semicoke and the like. The invention can burn and use semicoke, has simple structure, convenient operation, safety and reliability and saved investment, and has above 90% of oil recovering rate. The invention is characterized in that the mixture of flue gas andsaturated vapor is taken as a hot carrier at the temperature of about 700 DEG C, which is continuously and evenly transported to the middle part of a gas retort to heat the oil shale to about 550 DEGC to generate distillation. The main facilities for implementing the process are a crushing and screening device, a hot carrier preparing and heating device, a belt conveyer, a feeding device, the gas retort and a condensation and recovery device; the hot carrier preparing and heating device is the key device for realizing the process, which comprises a semicoke gas combined furnace, a waste heatboiler, a hot carrier mixed pipe, a regulating valve and the like.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technology and device that resinous shale is carried out destructive distillation oil refining with the external combustion mode.
Background technology
At present, domestic oil shale retorting oil refining all adopts the internal combustion mode, and a kind of is Fushun formula circular furnace, and oil-collecting ratio is about 60～65%, can only reach sometimes about 55%, and the processing granularity is 12-75mm.Single stove processing power is little, 100 tons in day handling oil shale.Formula side, a kind of Maoming stove is full internal combustion type, and oil-collecting ratio is about 70%, and the processing granularity is 30-120mm.Single stove processing power is 200 ton per days.Two kinds of type of furnaces all have treatment capacity little, and floor space is big, defectives such as oil-collecting ratio is low, contaminate environment.Formula side, Maoming stove all stops production the eighties in 20th century because of pollution problem.Describe the structure and the principle of Fushun formula technology and gas retort, process furnace in detail by " the additional energy of resinous shale-oil " (Sinopec press in July, 2008 first version) of Qian Jialin, Yin Liang chief editor, and on the 146th page and 148 pages structure that has disclosed gas retort, process furnace.Gas retort as shown in Figure 4, comprise feeding device 401, body of heater 403 and ash exhauster 410, described feeding device 401 is arranged at the top of body of heater 403, ash exhauster 410 is arranged at the bottom of body of heater 403, the top of described body of heater 403 is provided with collection and confinement of gases umbrella 402, middle portion is provided with circulation gas inlet 407, arch abutment 406, described arch abutment 406 is divided into top retort section 404 and bottom gasification section 408 with body of heater 403, combustion air and water vapour enter gas retort from public attention 409, burning and vaporization reaction take place, the heat that produces is supplied to retort section, because the heat that burning zone produces is not enough, feeds circulating mash gas from circulation gas inlet 407 again and replenishes.Circulating mash gas then heats with the heat accumulating type gas heating furnace, and process furnace comprises combustion chamber 504, regenerator 503, relief cover 501, circulation gas inlet 505, circulation gas inlet 506 as shown in Figure 5, has filled up checker brick 502 in the regenerator 503.Recuperative heater is a discontinuous operation, and general one group of stove (totally 20 gas retorts, throughput is 2000 tons of every days) is established three recuperative heaters, a burning, and a heat hot carrier, one is standby, is used alternatingly.The shortcoming of internal combustion type gas retort is: one, owing in the stove combustion reactions is arranged, the oil gas burning that causes destructive distillation to produce has easily reduced the oil recovery rate; Two, owing in the stove combustion reactions is arranged, the high temperature that burning produces is bad as controlling, and influences the normal operation of stove.The temperature height causes coking easily, and stifled stove can not normally move gas retort.Difficult treatment not only when coking takes place, labour intensity is big, and causes idle cost; Temperature is low, may cause destructive distillation incomplete again, and oil-collecting ratio is reduced; Three, have oxygen to enter gas retort during internal combustion, mixed if any the gas that residual oxygen and destructive distillation produce, surpassing certain proportion can set off an explosion, and will constitute major safety risks to oil recovery system.Four, internal combustion mode gas retort is for preventing oxygen surplus in the stove, generally all take anoxycausis, the semicoke of discharging still contains fixed carbon, Fushun type retort semicoke thermal value is between 300-500 kilocalorie/kilogram, hesitate to discard, be difficult to utilize, but difficult treatment, can only be used for baking bricks or going out of use, often cause environmental pollution.
External Australian ATP stove, Estonian Abel Kiviat stove etc. also adopts internal combustion mode, Australian ATP stove (Alberea-Taciuk Processor).Huge, the complex structure of this appliance arrangement.The long 62.5m of Hui converter, diameter 8.2m, weight 2500t.Designing oily yield is 92%, and reality is 75-80%, only reaches about 80% of design level, processing power is 6000t/d, and actual motion only reaches 4400t/d, is 74% of design, and frequent shutdown maintenance, working rate is about 50%, has the longlyest once also only moved 96 days continuously.Estonian Abel Kiviat stove existing problems also are that operation factor is not high, often shutdown maintenance.The Fushun Mining Group is introduced an ATP stove, and about 1,500,000,000 yuan of gross investment was built since 2005, up to the present, did not produce as yet.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of heating process and device of thermal barrier for oil shale distillation external combustion type technology, can effectively improve the defective of existing internal combustion type distillation process and equipment, it is little to solve present domestic oil shale retorting oil refining device day output, floor space is big, oil-collecting ratio is low, contaminate environment, semicoke can not get defectives such as effectively utilization, external combustion type technology of the present invention and device not only can use semicoke, the thermo-efficiency height, and can provide continuous isostatic thermal barrier, and can guarantee the gas retort safe operation to gas retort.Key problem in technology of the present invention is: the low heat value semicoke is better burnt, and its calorific value can be utilized effectively; Two, can be to the destructive distillation thermal barrier of gas retort continous-stable supply temperature about 700 ℃, oxygen level is lower than safe limit 1% in the thermal barrier, makes distillation process and device energy safe and stable operation; Three, the heat that provides of thermal barrier can satisfy the caloric requirement of gas retort, makes resinous shale reach complete destructive distillation.Thereby can use advanced external combustion type art breading low grade oil shale, solve the technical bottleneck problem of restriction oil shale industry development.The present invention is simple in structure, easy to operate, safe and reliable, investment is saved, and oily yield of the present invention is more than 90%.
Concrete scheme is:
1. an externally-fired oil shale distillation oil refining process is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A. crushing and screening: ore reduction is become specification below the 25mm, and equipment used is homemade standardized crushing and screening equipment;
B. cloth system: the ore that will be broken into the specification below the 25mm by cloth system is sent into gas retort;
C. thermal barrier is produced and heated: with semicoke and gas multifuel combustion in the multifuel combustion stove that gas retort is discharged, afterbody is established waste heat boiler, obtains flue gas and saturation steam, and it is mixed into the thermal barrier about 700 ℃ and introduces gas retort
D. destructive distillation: with the mixture of flue gas and saturation steam as thermal barrier, about about 700 ℃, balancedly send into the gas retort middle part continuously, resinous shale is heated to about 550 ℃, destructive distillation takes place.The oil gas that destructive distillation produces is discharged from gas retort top and is entered condensate recovery system, saturation steam enters from the gas retort bottom, the semicoke that destructive distillation is intact is cooled to 250 ℃, reclaim the physics sensible heat of semicoke, replenish destructive distillation institute heat requirement, semicoke is cooled to 80 ℃ through water spray again and discharges out of the furnace, and delivers to the semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove and makes fuel usefulness.
E. condensation is reclaimed: destructive distillation oil gas comprises water spray, indirect cool tower through oil recovery system, revolve catch device, electric fishing device (after receiving oil, carry out oil and gas and water from, oil enters basin, water enters circulating water pool, and the butyraceous carbonizing gas is not sent to the semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove and makes fuel or deliver to power station generating and use.
2, a kind of externally-fired oil shale distillation oil refining apparatus.The invention also discloses a kind of device of realizing described externally-fired oil shale distillation oil refining process, comprise that crushing and screening device, distribution device, thermal barrier produce and heating unit, gas retort, condensation retrieving arrangement etc., wherein thermal barrier produce with heating unit be nucleus equipment of the present invention, all the other equipment are homemade standard equipment or disclosed patent equipment.
A, the general homemade standardized crushing and screening equipment of described crushing and screening equipment choosing become specification below the 25mm with ore reduction:
B, described cloth system adopt the ore after general homemade rotary conveyor will be handled by the crushing and screening device to send into gas retort;
C, described gas retort adopt Shenyang Chengda Hongsheng Energy Institute Co., Ltd.'s invention " day 300 tons of resinous shale gas full circulation carbonization furnaces of processing ", the patent No.: 2008102288910, or the inventor's " day handle 2000 tons of granule wax shale destructive distillation stoves " patent of invention of declaring on November 20th, 2008, number of patent application: 200810228892.5.Be with this binomial publication difference during use: 1, thermal barrier is not a circulating mash gas, but the mixture of flue gas and water vapor; What 2, feed from the bottom of gas retort is not circulating mash gas but saturation steam; 3, the mode of the discharging of the coke is not that wet method is discharged of the coke, but adopts " method that oil shale dry-process discharges of the coke and the water spraying structure of gas retort " of Shenyang Chengda Hongsheng Energy Institute Co., Ltd.'s invention, the patent No.: 200910011819.7;
D, described condensation retrieving arrangement comprise water spray system, indirect cool tower, revolve equipment such as catching device, electric fishing device and all adopt general home equipment, can order goods to manufacturer as required;
E, described thermal barrier are produced with heating unit and are comprised semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove 5 and waste heat boiler 7, gas blower, and corresponding duct coupling and variable valve, gas semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove 5 has exhaust gases passes 25 to link to each other with waste heat boiler 7 centres, dump grate 2 is arranged on the top that the bottom of semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove 5 burner hearths, a gas burner 3 are arranged on dump grate, secondary gas burner 6 is arranged on the top of burner hearth, hopper 4 is arranged on the outside of multifuel combustion stove, and exhanst gas outlet 25 couples together gas semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove and waste heat boiler; The waste heat boiler 7 that is connected with exhanst gas outlet 25 is provided with saturation steam fairlead 17, establish variable valve 16 on the steam fairlead, flue gas discharge opening 18 is located at the rear portion of waste heat boiler, saturation steam that described waste heat boiler produces and flue gas are mixed in mixing tube 10, the flue gas discharge opening 18 of waste heat boiler 307 links to each other with flue gas mixing tube 10, saturation steam and flue gas mixed back in mixing tube 10 is sent to gas retort as thermal barrier, gas blower is sent into air through sending into pipe 21, air is sent into the top that pipe 21 is arranged on the dump grate afterbody, air by the lime-ash preheating after preheated air inlet 24 enters the bottom of gas semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove dump grate 2, making combustion air uses, the lime-ash of after-flame enters water seal tank 23, is discharged out of the furnace by scraper conveyer 22.Described waste heat boiler 7 is made up of upper drum 8, lower drum 20 and convection bank 20.
The key problem in technology of technology of the present invention is with the thermal barrier of external combustion mode to about 700 ℃ of the continuous equilibrium supplies of gas retort, thermal barrier is the miscellany of flue gas and saturation steam, thermal barrier heats with the semi-coke gas multifuel combustion device, thermal barrier about 700 ℃ makes resinous shale obtain abundant destructive distillation after introducing gas retort.Destructive distillation institute heat requirement is all obtained by pyrogenous byproduct gas of burning and semicoke.Adopted following technology to reach the purpose of invention for this reason.The one, adopted the once technology of screening in resinous shale crushing and screening system.Ore reduction is become specification below the 25mm, return the broken again sieve of feed bin, reduced the investment and the power consumption of multi-stage screening greater than the ore of 25mm.The 2nd, cancelled in the recycle to extinction technology preheating and drying to resinous shale, as thermal barrier resinous shale is directly carried out destructive distillation with the mixture of flue gas and water vapor, improved the utilising efficiency of heat energy greatly, save the energy.The 3rd, gas retort adopts advanced " day 300 tons of resinous shale gas full circulation carbonization furnaces of processing ", the patent No.: 2008102288910, or the inventor's " day handle 2000 tons of granule wax shale destructive distillation stoves " patent of invention of declaring on November 20th, 2008, number of patent application: 200810228892.5.These two kinds of patents all have the characteristics that the type of furnace is big, technology is advanced, the oil recovery rate is high; The 4th, replace cold circulating mash gas cooling semicoke with saturation steam, saturation steam enters from the gas retort bottom, semicoke is cooled to below 250 ℃, reclaimed heat, this part water vapor is condensed into water once going out gas retort, reduced the volume of destructive distillation product, alleviated the pressure of after-treatment device, changed traditional Fushun technology way of bubbling air cooling semicoke below simultaneously, avoided the defective of combustion gasses and fixed carbon in gas retort, not only improve the oil recovery rate, also improved the calorific value of semicoke simultaneously.The 5th, the process using dry method of the present invention technology of the discharging of the coke, application for a patent for invention number: 200910011819.7, feed normal-temperature water in the gas retort bottom, form the water vapour barrier layer, prevented the methane gas effusion, protected environment.The 6th, thermal barrier produce with heating unit in adopted the technology of gas and semicoke mixed firing, guaranteed that semicoke can burnout substantially and gas retort to the requirement of heat and temperature, utilized low-calorie semicoke (thermal value is at 800-1000 kilocalorie/kilogram) simultaneously, saved the energy, the lime-ash after the burning is directly used in makes building material product or mine backfill.The 7th, adopted the way of regulating the thermal barrier temperature with water vapor, method is simple, easy to operate, the thermal barrier temperature that enters gas retort is controlled at about 700 ℃, cancelled Fushun formula regenerative furnace, solved Fushun formula regenerative furnace methane gas temperature fluctuation, unbalanced defective simultaneously, the thermal barrier temperature that has guaranteed to enter gas retort is not less than 700 ℃ requirement.The 8th, this process water has been realized closed circulation, does not discharge water saving, energy-conservation, pollution-free.After water is used for the cooling of oil gas, after oily water separation, enter circulating water pool, return water circulation system after treatment.
Technical process of the present invention is as follows:
With general crushing and screening equipment, resinous shale is broken into specification below the 25mm: the ore after will being handled by the crushing and screening device with homemade rotary conveyor be sent into gas retort through cloth system; Semicoke and gas multifuel combustion in the multifuel combustion stove with gas retort is discharged obtain flue gas and water vapor, and its thermal barrier that is mixed into about 700 ℃ is introduced gas retort, and the thermal barrier about 700 ℃ is sent into gas retort continuously from gas retort middle part equilibrium.Resinous shale is heated to about 550 ℃ destructive distillation takes place, the oil gas that destructive distillation generates is drawn from gas retort top, enter the oil recovery system, destructive distillation oil gas is through water spray, indirect cool tower, revolve and catch after device, electric fishing device receive oil, carry out oil and gas and water from, oil enters basin, water enters circulating water pool, recycles after the processing.The butyraceous carbonizing gas is not sent to gas Chu gas holder, and a part is introduced the semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove and made fuel usefulness, and a part enters the generating of methane electrical generation factory and uses.Resinous shale after the destructive distillation becomes semicoke and discharges from the gas retort bottom, the saturation steam that semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove rear portion waste heat boiler produces enters from the gas retort bottom, the semicoke that destructive distillation is intact is cooled to 250 ℃, through waterworks semicoke is cooled to 80 ℃ again and discharges out of the furnace, deliver to the semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove and make fuel usefulness.
The present invention compares with the domestic internal combustion type Fushun formula oil shale distillation process that generally uses now, has following tangible advantage.The one, treatment capacity is big, and Fushun stove day output is 100 tons, and the single stove day output of the present invention is the 300-2000 ton; The 2nd, oil recovery rate height, owing to adopt external combustion type, no combustion reactions in the stove, oil gas can not burnt in stove, has improved the oil recovery rate, fushun retort oven oil recovery rate is 60-65%, the present invention is through commerical test, and under the not too perfect situation of testing apparatus, oil-collecting ratio has reached 82%, by theoretical measuring and calculating, the oil recovery rate should be more than 90%; The 3rd, energy-conservation, because the mixture that has adopted flue gas and water vapor has been cancelled recuperative heater as thermal barrier, there is not the process of heat exchange between gas and the flue gas, improved thermo-efficiency.Semicoke and gas and multifuel combustion, the heat in the semicoke is fully utilized.Whole destructive distillation oil refining institute heat requirement derives from resinous shale itself fully, and unnecessary methane gas also is used for generating, has remedied more than 80% of destructive distillation power supply for station load; The 4th, the closed circulation of water has been adopted in environmental protection, the present invention, desulfurization, and semicoke and gas mixed firing, technology such as flue gas recycling, cyclone dust removal, non-wastewater discharge, contamination-free is overflowed, and residue is recycled, and meets national requirements for environmental protection; The 5th, reduced investment has been cancelled regenerative heater in the technical process and drying oven has been saved investment; The 6th, good in economic efficiency, because power consumption reduces, oily yield improves, and economic benefit obviously increases.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the externally-fired oil shale distillation process schema;
Fig. 2 is that thermal barrier is produced and the heating unit fundamental diagram; Each several part is respectively shown in the figure: 1, feeding device, 2 dump grates, 3, gas burners, 4 hoppers, 5, gas semicoke multifuel combustion stove, 6, secondary gas burner, 7, waste heat boiler, 8, upper drum, 9, water inlet pipe, 10, the thermal barrier mixing tube, 11, control valve, 12, the heat-carrier inlet, 13, gas retort, 14, semicoke outlet, 15, steam entry, 16, variable valve, 17, the saturation steam fairlead
Fig. 3 is that thermal barrier is produced and the heating unit structural representation; Each several part is respectively shown in the figure: 1, feeding device, 2 dump grates, 3, gas burners, 4 hoppers, 5, gas semicoke multifuel combustion stove, 6, secondary gas burner, 7, waste heat boiler, 8, upper drum, 9, water inlet pipe, 10, thermal barrier mixing tube, 11, control valve, 16, variable valve, 17, the saturation steam fairlead, 18, exhaust-heat boiler flue gas relief outlet, 19, convection bank, 20, lower drum, 21, air is through sending into pipe, 22, scraper conveyer, 23, water seal tank, 24, preheated air inlet, 25, the outlet of multifuel combustion kiln gas;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of Fushun type retort; Each several part is respectively shown in the figure: feeding device 401, collection and confinement of gases umbrella 402, body of heater 403, retort section 404, mixing section 405, arch abutment 406, circulation gas inlet 407, gasification section 408, public attention 409, ash exhauster 410, cupel 411, water seal 412;
Fig. 5 is a Fushun formula regenerative heater structural representation, and each several part is respectively shown in the figure: relief cover 501, checker brick 502, regenerator 503, combustion chamber 504, circulation gas inlet 505, circulation gas inlet 506,
Fig. 6 is day structural representation of 300 tons of resinous shale gas full circulation carbonization furnaces of processing;
Fig. 7 is day 2000 tons of granule wax shale destructive distillation furnace structure synoptic diagram of processing.
Embodiment
Technical process of the present invention has mainly reflected the flow process of this novel process as shown in Figure 1 among the figure, from ore reduction screening, to the producing and heat of thermal barrier, the recovery system of pyrogenous process, oil gas, the circulation of water all has distinct reflection.Specifically comprise the steps:
A. crushing and screening: ore reduction is become specification less than 25mm;
B. cloth system: the ore that will be broken into the specification below the 25mm by cloth system is sent into gas retort;
C. the producing and heat of thermal barrier: with semicoke and gas multifuel combustion in the multifuel combustion stove that gas retort is discharged, afterbody is established waste heat boiler, obtains flue gas and saturation steam, and it is mixed into the thermal barrier about 700 ℃ and introduces gas retort;
D. destructive distillation: with the mixture of flue gas and saturation steam as thermal barrier, about about 700 ℃, balancedly send into the gas retort middle part continuously, resinous shale is heated to about 550 ℃, destructive distillation takes place.The oil gas that destructive distillation produces is discharged from gas retort top and is entered condensate recovery system, and saturation steam enters from the gas retort bottom, and the semicoke that destructive distillation is intact is cooled to 250 ℃, is cooled to 80 ℃ through water spray again and discharges out of the furnace with scraper plate, delivers to the semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove and makes fuel usefulness;
E. condensation is reclaimed: destructive distillation oil gas is through water spray, indirect cool tower, revolve and catch after device, electric fishing device receive oil, carry out oil and gas and water from, oil enters basin, water enters circulating water pool, the butyraceous carbonizing gas is not sent to the gas gas holder, and a part is delivered to the semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove and made fuel usefulness, and a part is delivered to the generating of methane electrical generation factory and used.
The invention also discloses the device of realizing above-mentioned distillation process, comprise crushing and screening device, distribution device, gas retort, thermal barrier heating unit, condensation retrieving arrangement, desulfurizer, gas holder, storage tank etc.
A, described crushing and screening device can be selected the crusher and the sieve apparatus of domestic standardization by treatment capacity and ore character for use;
B, described cloth system can be selected general rotary conveyor and feeding machine for use;
C, described gas retort can be selected " day 300 tons of resinous shale gas full circulation carbonization furnaces of processing " for use, the patent No.: 2008102288910, or the inventor's " day handle 2000 tons of granule wax shale destructive distillation stoves " patent of invention of declaring on November 20th, 2008, number of patent application: 200810228892.5.Its structure respectively as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.
D, the structure of described thermal barrier heating unit as shown in Figure 3, semicoke adds from the feeding device 1 that is arranged on the semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove outside, one time gas sprays inferior burning from the burner 3 on the top of dump grate 2, semicoke also takes fire when fire box temperature surpasses 650 ℃, dump grate constantly stirs the bed of material and material is pushed forward, after-flame gradually in progradation, fire box temperature reaches more than 1050 ℃, be located at the pure gas of secondary gas burner 6 ejections of upper furnace, residual oxygen consumption in the burner hearth is fallen, and the flue gas that burning produces enters waste heat boiler 7 through exhanst gas outlet 25.Described waste heat boiler 7 absorbs the heat of flue gas, flue-gas temperature is reduced to about 750 ℃, water in the waste heat boiler 7 is heated to form saturation steam simultaneously, saturation steam is drawn from fairlead 17, establish variable valve 16 on the steam fairlead, the flue gas discharge opening 18 of waste heat boiler 7 links to each other with thermal barrier mixing tube 10, saturation steam and flue gas are blended into the thermal barrier about 700 ℃ in mixing tube 10, deliver to gas retort, gas blower is sent into air through sending into pipe 21,, made combustion air and use after preheated air inlet 24 enters the bottom of multifuel combustion stove dump grate by the lime-ash preheating, the lime-ash of after-flame enters water seal tank 23, is discharged out of the furnace by scraper conveyer 22;
E, described condensation retrieving arrangement comprise water spray system, revolve and catch device, indirect cool tower, electric fishing device etc., and these equipment all adopt general home equipment, can directly order goods to manufacturer as required;
F, described desulfurizer are the S-contained substances that is used for removing in the methane gas, to reach national specified discharge standard, can determine to select for use corresponding specification and model according to the sulphur content in the gas;
G, described gas holder are used for storing methane gas, are general-purpose equipment, can be selected by actual needs;
H, described storage tank are general-purpose equipment, can be selected by actual needs.
The concrete enforcement of the present invention should be noted that four problems.The one, in the thermal barrier heating unit, the ejection of gas burner be gas and air, can directly light, when fire box temperature surpassed 650 ℃, the semicoke on the dump grate just can take fire; The 2nd, semicoke on the dump grate such as incomplete combustion can strengthen the feed rate of a gas or the fltting speed of adjustment dump grate; The 3rd, what secondary gas burner sprayed is pure gas, can not contain air, its objective is the residual oxygen that consumes in the burner hearth, does not make it bring distillation system into; The 4th, thermal barrier enters the temperature of gas retort and answers equilibrium, is stabilized in about 700 ℃, can not be too high, can not be low excessively, and the method for adjusting is to be blended into about 130 ℃ the water vapor that waste heat boiler produces.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of externally-fired oil shale distillation process is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A. crushing and screening: the specification that ore reduction is become 0-25mm;
B. cloth system: the ore that will be broken into the specification below the 25mm by cloth system is sent into gas retort;
C. thermal barrier is produced and is heated: semicoke and gas multifuel combustion in the multifuel combustion stove with semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove of the present invention is discharged gas retort, obtain flue gas and saturation steam, and it is mixed into the thermal barrier about 750 ℃ and introduces gas retort;
D. destructive distillation: with the mixture of flue gas and saturation steam as thermal barrier, about about 700 ℃, balancedly send into the gas retort middle part continuously, resinous shale is heated to about 550 ℃, destructive distillation takes place;
E. condensation is reclaimed: destructive distillation oil gas is through water spray, indirect cool tower, revolves to catch after device, electric fishing device receive oil, carry out oil and gas and water from, oil enters basin, and water enters circulating water pool, and the butyraceous carbonizing gas is not sent to the gas gas holder, a part is as the fuel of semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove, and a part is used for generating electricity.
2, a kind of device of realizing according to right 1 described distillation process comprises that crushing and screening device, thermal barrier produce and heating unit, distribution device, gas retort, condensation retrieving arrangement:
A, the general homemade standardized crushing and screening equipment of described crushing and screening equipment choosing become specification below the 25mm with ore reduction;
B, described distribution device adopt the ore after general homemade rotary conveyor will be handled by the crushing and screening device to send into gas retort;
C, described gas retort adopt Shenyang Chengda Hongsheng Energy Institute Co., Ltd.'s invention " day 300 tons of resinous shale gas full circulation carbonization furnaces of processing ", the patent No.: 2008102288910, or the inventor's " day handle 2000 tons of granule wax shale destructive distillation stoves " patent of invention of declaring on November 20th, 2008, number of patent application: 200810228892.5, be with the difference of this binomial patented invention: 1, thermal barrier is not a circulating mash gas, but the mixture of flue gas and water vapor; What 2, feed from the bottom of gas retort is not circulating mash gas but saturation steam; 3, the mode of the discharging of the coke is not that wet method is discharged of the coke, but adopts " method that oil shale dry-process discharges of the coke and the water spraying structure of gas retort " of Shenyang Chengda Hongsheng Energy Institute Co., Ltd.'s invention, the patent No.: 200910011819.7;
D, described condensation retrieving arrangement comprise water spray system, indirect cool tower, revolve equipment such as catching device, electric fishing device and all adopt general home equipment;
E, described thermal barrier are produced with heating unit and are comprised semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove 5 and waste heat boiler 7, gas semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove 5 has exhaust gases passes 25 to link to each other with waste heat boiler 7 centres, dump grate 2 is arranged on the top that the bottom of semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove 5 burner hearths, a gas burner 3 are arranged on dump grate, secondary gas burner 6 is arranged on the top of burner hearth, hopper 4 is arranged on the outside of multifuel combustion stove, and exhanst gas outlet 25 couples together gas semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove and waste heat boiler; The waste heat boiler 7 that is connected with exhanst gas outlet 25 is provided with saturation steam fairlead 17, establish variable valve 16 on the steam fairlead, flue gas discharge opening 18 is located at the rear portion of waste heat boiler, saturation steam that described waste heat boiler produces and flue gas are mixed in mixing tube 10, the flue gas discharge opening 18 of waste heat boiler 307 links to each other with flue gas mixing tube 10, saturation steam and flue gas mixed back in mixing tube 10 is sent to gas retort as thermal barrier, gas blower is sent into air through sending into pipe 21, air is sent into the top that pipe 21 is arranged on the dump grate afterbody, air by the lime-ash preheating after preheated air inlet 24 enters the bottom of gas semi-coke gas multifuel combustion stove dump grate 2, making combustion air uses, the lime-ash of after-flame enters water seal tank 23, discharged out of the furnace by scraper conveyer 22, described waste heat boiler 7 is by upper drum 8, lower drum 20 and convection bank 20 are formed.
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