A kind of resinous shale drying, heating, oil refining, coal-char combustion integrated apparatus
Technical field
The utility model relates to oil shale resources comprehensive utilization technique field, is a kind of resinous shale drying, heating, oil refining, coal-char combustion integrated apparatus.This integrated apparatus also can be used for coal, oil-sand, junked tire, refinery coke, organic waste materials and biomass.
Background technology
Resinous shale is a kind of important Energy resources.The resinous shale mineral deposit has all been found in different continents, and its quantity has surpassed 600 resinous shale basins.Worldwide, oil shale reserves is converted into thermal value and is only second to coal and is at the second place; Being converted to shale oil and being equivalent to 4,750 hundred million tons, be 5.4 times of the natural oil workable reserve, is the desirable substitute energy of current oil, coal, Sweet natural gas.Approximately 2,000,000,000,000 tons of oil shale in China Prospective resources, 80,000,000,000 tons of folding shale oil, be 32 times of 2,500,000,000 tons of oil residual recoverable reserves, occupies the 4th, the world.315.67 hundred million tons of the reserves of verifying in 1989, in nearest new round of resources evaluation, China confirms 7,199 hundred million tons of total resourcess, 47,600,000,000 tons of folding shale oil.
Resinous shale is a kind of organic matter that is rich in, and has fine bedding, the pulveryte that can burn.The overwhelming majority organic in resinous shale is the one-tenth oil substances that is insoluble to ordinary organic solvents, is commonly called as oil female.Therefore, resinous shale claims again oil shale.
As a kind of Energy resources, resinous shale develops main technological route, the one, destructive distillation oil refining, the 2nd, direct combustion power generation.Oil shale retorting oil refining belongs to the low-temperature pyrolysis technology, in the situation that heating resinous shale rear pyrolysis in gas retort, isolated air or oxygen produces shale oil and fuel gas, and shale oil can directly be used as oil fuel, but also precision work is the liquid fuels such as gasoline, diesel oil.The Heating temperature general control is in 450~550 ℃ of scopes.
Existing oil shale distillation technology is mainly gaseous heat-carrier retorting technique and solid thermal carriers retorting technique.The gaseous heat-carrier retorting technique be in gas retort by the macrobead resinous shale of 15~75mm by with the heating gas direct contact heat transfer, realizing low-temperature pyrolysis.Must additionally supplement the gases such as coal gas when the coal gas amount of oil shale distillation generation is inadequate.This technology major advantage is for saving the comminution energy conssumption of resinous shale.Existing deficiency is: 1) due to the macrobead resinous shale that is destructive distillation 15~75mm, making in mining or shattering process the following short grained resinous shale of 15mm not send in gas retort is utilized, this part shale amount accounts for 20%~25% of gross recovery, so the wasting of resources is huge; 2) heating gas of gaseous heat-carrier need to be heated to 700~800 ℃, and this need to consume part coal gas or other fuel; 3) due to what adopt, be the macrobead resinous shale, the destructive distillation time is quite long, generally needs 12~24 hours, and there is evil mind in macrobead inside usually, causes that dry distillation efficiency is low, oil yield is low, utilization ratio is low; 4) the semicoke heat after destructive distillation accounts for 35~45% of resinous shale heat, and energy dissipation is large, and the semicoke after destructive distillation can not directly be made material of construction, the further calcination process of needs; 5), if the semicoke after destructive distillation continues as the boiler oil utilization, first cooling rear fragmentation is to be applicable to the requirement of boiler oil particle, if wet method must first be used water cooling except semicoke, drier, more broken, therefore, consume energy larger; 6) need to realize low-temperature pyrolysis with macrobead resinous shale direct contact heat transfer because of gaseous heat-carrier coal gas, cause by gas retort oil and gas content out to strengthen, subsequent condensation equipment not only volume increases, and arranges also relative complex.
The solid thermal carriers retorting technique be in gas retort by the granule wax shale below 25mm or below 15mm or below 8mm or below 6mm by with the grey direct contact heat transfer of solid carrier heat, realizing low-temperature pyrolysis.Existing solid thermal carriers destructive distillation mainly adopts horizontal circle tubular gas retort, and the source of solid thermal carriers is that the coal-char combustion that gas retort generates produces, or sets up separately gas-fired process furnace heating porcelain ball etc. as thermal barrier.Solid thermal carriers and gaseous heat-carrier relatively, because the oil shale particle degree required is little, and with the solid thermal carriers good mixing, therefore, the destructive distillation time is short, in common 30 minutes, can complete, the shale utilization ratio of exploitation can reach 100%, and oil yield is high, the Energy resources less wastage.
Although the method is mainly for the treatment of short grained resinous shale, but its main drawback is to need extra solid particulate process furnace, device is complicated huge, serious wear, short, the remaining semicoke of continuous operating time and lime-ash are abandoned in a large number, capacity usage ratio is low, and because roasting kiln just is used to provide the heat ash of solid thermal carriers, so can not realize the purpose (Galator technology) of generating.Open (bulletin) CN101117584 of Chinese invention patent application discloses the applicant, denomination of invention is: " oil shale retorting oil refining, coal-char combustion power generation integrated technique ", it can be realized in oil shale retorting oil refining, the semicoke generating of burning destructive distillation, due to the residing conceptual phase of this technique from now different, do not consider at that time the flue gas drying wet oil shale that utilizes circular fluid bed to produce, do not consider that the hot lime-ash of circulating fluidized bed boiler bottom part sends in destructive distillation and the shale HYBRID RETORTING as solid thermal carriers simultaneously yet, so, this technique has limitation, not yet realize the maximization of resinous shale comprehensive utilization.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the deficiency of prior art, and prior art is carried out to the substance innovation, a kind of flow process is proposed reasonable, applied range, treatment capacity is large, dry distillation rate is fast, and efficiency is high, can make resinous shale fully utilize maximized resinous shale drying, heating, oil refining, coal-char combustion integrated apparatus.This integrated apparatus also can be used for coal, oil-sand, junked tire, refinery coke, organic waste materials and biomass.
The purpose of this utility model is realized by following technical scheme: a kind of resinous shale drying, heating, oil refining, the coal-char combustion integrated apparatus, it is characterized in that: the outlet of storage bin 1 and middle wet body indirectly or the shale entrance of direct heat exchange drying heater 2 be connected, the exhanst gas outlet of the indirect dry distillation reactor device 3 of high-temperature gas and middle wet body indirectly or the smoke inlet of direct heat exchange drying heater 2 be connected, middle wet body indirectly or the outlet of the shale of direct heat exchange drying heater 2 respectively with the shale entrance of the indirect dry distillation reactor device 3 of high-temperature gas, the fuel inlet of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4, the entrance of shale mixing tank 5 connects, the outlet of the inner cyclonic separator heat of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4 ash, end slag outlet all is connected with the entrance of shale mixing tank 5, the outlet of resinous shale mixing tank 5 is connected with the entrance of solid thermal carriers dry distillation reactor device 6, circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4 exhanst gas outlets are connected with the smoke inlet of the indirect dry distillation reactor device 3 of high-temperature gas, the tar gas mixture outlet of solid thermal carriers dry distillation reactor device 6 is connected with cyclonic separator 7 entrances, the top oil gas vent of cyclonic separator 7, indirect dry distillation reactor device 3 oil gas vents of high-temperature gas all are connected with gas-oil separation gathering system 9 entrances, the oil export of gas-oil separation gathering system 9 is connected with the entrance of storage tank 11, the gas outlet of gas-oil separation gathering system 9 is connected with the entrance of gas-holder 10, the lime-ash outlet of two of cyclonic separator 7 bottoms, the indirect dry distillation reactor device 3 semicoke outlets of high-temperature gas all are connected with the solid particle inlet of semicoke mixing tank 8, the exhanst gas outlet of air preheater 12 is connected with the smoke inlet of semicoke mixing tank 8, the outlet of semicoke mixing tank 8 is connected with the entrance of semicoke magazine 13, the semicoke outlet of semicoke magazine 13 is connected with the fuel inlet of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4, the airout of air preheater 12 is connected with the gas inlet of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4 bottoms, the cyclonic separator heat ash outlet of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4 inside all is connected with shale mixing tank 5 with the end slag outlet of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4, the exhanst gas outlet of semicoke magazine 13 is connected with fly-ash separator 14 entrances, the exhanst gas outlet of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4 is connected with the smoke inlet of the indirect dry distillation reactor device 3 of high-temperature gas, the exhanst gas outlet of the indirect dry distillation reactor device 3 of high-temperature gas and middle wet body indirectly or the smoke inlet of direct heat exchange drying heater 2 be connected, middle wet body indirectly or the exhanst gas outlet of direct heat exchange drying heater 2 with the smoke inlet of air preheater 12, be connected, the exhanst gas outlet of air preheater 12 is connected with the entrance of fly-ash separator 14, the exhanst gas outlet of fly-ash separator 14 is connected with the import and export of chimney 16 successively with induced draft fan 15, the ash outlet of fly-ash separator 14 is connected with the entrance of Building Materials Factory 18, the end slag outlet of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4 is connected with slag cooler 17 entrances, and the outlet of slag cooler 17 is connected with the entrance of Building Materials Factory 18.
The outlet of described gas-holder 10 is connected with the fuel inlet of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4, or is connected with the entrance of coal gas supply station.
The indirect dry distillation reactor device 3 of described high-temperature gas or for producing the smoke and waste steam boiler of steam or hot water.
The advantage applies of a kind of resinous shale drying of the utility model, heating, oil refining, coal-char combustion integrated apparatus exists:
(1) not only adapt to the resinous shale drying, and be applicable to coal, oil-sand, junked tire, refinery coke, organic waste materials and biomass etc. separately or the requirement of synchronous processing, improved the broad applicability to fuel;
(2) owing to adopting Combustion technology of circulating fluidized, the solid waste of producing in the dry distillation reactor device can be taken full advantage of, when improving resource utilization, environmental pollution can also be reduced;
(3) two groups of different destructive distillation subsystems share one group of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove, are used for producing two kinds of destructive distillation thermal barrier, and relatively single use device has been saved facility investment, have also reduced the complicacy of device simultaneously;
(4) ash content carbon that the circulating fluidized bed combustion stove produces is low, can be directly after furnace bottom is discharged as the building materials raw material, deliver to Building Materials Factory and produces cement, haydite or lay bricks etc.;
(5) the device flow process is reasonable, applied range, and treatment capacity is large, and dry distillation rate is fast, and efficiency is high, can realize the solid fuel comprehensive utilization maximizations such as resinous shale.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of resinous shale drying, heating, oil refining, coal-char combustion integrated apparatus schematic flow sheet.
In figure: 1 resinous shale raw material cabin, in 2 the wet body indirectly or the direct heat exchange drying heater, the indirect dry distillation reactor device of 3 high-temperature gas, 4 circulating fluidized bed combustion stoves, 5 shale mixing tanks, 6 solid thermal carriers dry distillation reactor devices, 7 cyclonic separators, 8 semicoke mixing tanks, 9 gas-oil separation gathering systems, 10 gas-holder, 11 storage tank, 12 air preheaters, 13 semicoke magazines, 14 fly-ash separators, 15 induced draft fans, 16 chimneys, 17 slag coolers, 18 Building Materials Factories.
Embodiment
Below utilize drawings and Examples to be described further utility model.
With reference to Fig. 1, the outlet of the storage bin 1 of a kind of resinous shale drying of the present utility model, heating, oil refining, coal-char combustion integrated apparatus and middle wet body indirectly or the shale entrance of direct heat exchange drying heater 2 be connected, the exhanst gas outlet of the indirect dry distillation reactor device 3 of high-temperature gas and middle wet body indirectly or the smoke inlet of direct heat exchange drying heater 2 be connected, the drying and preheating of will be crushed to≤15mm of realization resinous shale.Middle wet body indirectly or the outlet of the shale of direct heat exchange drying heater 2 with follow-up three groups of equipment, be connected respectively, i.e. first group of equipment: with together with the outlet of semicoke magazine 13, with the fuel inlet of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4, be connected, by drying, complete resinous shale and the complete semicoke of destructive distillation mix to send in circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4 and are burnt; Second group of equipment: be connected with the entrance of shale mixing tank 5, the outlet of the inner cyclonic separator heat of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4 ash is connected with the entrance of shale mixing tank 5 together with the outlet of the end of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4 slag, resinous shale: the mass ratio that the circulation shale ashes are mixed is 1:2~3, the outlet of shale mixing tank 5 is connected with the entrance of solid thermal carriers dry distillation reactor device 6, realize Oil Shale Particles and grey the mixing of heat, completed oil shale retort through 15~30 minutes and refine oil; The 3rd group of equipment: with the shale entrance of the indirect dry distillation reactor device 3 of high-temperature gas, be connected, circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4 exhanst gas outlets are connected with the smoke inlet of the indirect dry distillation reactor device 3 of high-temperature gas simultaneously, utilize flue gas heat to realize oil shale retort oil refining.The tar gas mixture outlet of solid thermal carriers dry distillation reactor device 6 is connected with cyclonic separator 7 entrances, the solid particulate that sedimentation and cyclonic separation go out drops out from the outlet at bottom of cyclonic separator 7, isolated gas-oil mixture is sent from the top oil gas vent of cyclonic separator 7, the top oil gas vent of cyclonic separator 7 is connected with gas-oil separation gathering system 9 entrances together with indirect dry distillation reactor device 3 oil gas vents of high-temperature gas, purified, condensation and separating treatment, complete dust purification, gas-oil separation and desulfurization, isolated shale oil is connected and is stored with the entrance of storage tank 11 by the oil export by gas-oil separation gathering system 9, isolated coal mine gas is connected and is stored with the entrance of gas-holder 10 by the gas outlet of gas-oil separation gathering system 9, with high-temperature gas, indirect dry distillation reactor device 3 semicoke outlets are connected with the solid particle inlet of semicoke mixing tank 8 together in cyclonic separator 7 bottom two lime-ash outlets, the exhanst gas outlet of air preheater 12 also is connected with the smoke inlet of semicoke mixing tank 8 simultaneously, the outlet of semicoke mixing tank 8 is connected with the entrance of semicoke magazine 13, and it is air conveying that this process utilizes partial fume to carry out.The semicoke outlet of semicoke magazine 13 is connected with the fuel inlet of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4 indirectly or together with a shale outlet of direct heat exchange drying heater 2 with middle wet body, realization will be burnt in resinous shale and semicoke input circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4, the airout of air preheater 12 is connected with the gas inlet of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4 bottoms, using preheated air as fluidizing medium, directly from bottom, sends into circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4.The outlet of the cyclonic separator of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4 inside heat ash is connected with shale mixing tank 5 together with the outlet of the end of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4 slag, realizes the mixing of the warm ash of height and particle shale of 750~850 ℃.The exhanst gas outlet of semicoke magazine 13 directly is connected with fly-ash separator 14 entrances, and the exhanst gas outlet of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4 is connected with the smoke inlet of the indirect dry distillation reactor device 3 of high-temperature gas, for destructive distillation provides heat; The exhanst gas outlet of the indirect dry distillation reactor device 3 of high-temperature gas and middle wet body indirectly or the smoke inlet of direct heat exchange drying heater 2 be connected, for drying provides thermal source; Middle wet body indirectly or the exhanst gas outlet of direct heat exchange drying heater 2 with the smoke inlet of air preheater 12, be connected; The exhanst gas outlet of air preheater 12 is connected with the entrance of fly-ash separator 14; The exhanst gas outlet of fly-ash separator 14 is connected with the import and export of chimney 16 successively with induced draft fan 15 again, and final realization of flue gas externally discharged.The ash outlet of fly-ash separator 14 directly is connected with the entrance of Building Materials Factory 18.The end slag outlet of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4 also is connected with slag cooler 17 entrances, to give off the unnecessary heat ash of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4; The outlet of slag cooler 17 also is connected with the entrance of Building Materials Factory 18, thus the material of construction such as the lime-ash that realization is discharged integrated apparatus carries out the depths reason, lays bricks to produce, haydite.
The outlet of described gas-holder 10 can be connected with the fuel inlet of circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4, gas as fuel is burnt in circulating fluidized bed combustion stove 4, or be connected with the entrance of coal gas supply station as the coal gas source, or with import in internal combustion turbine, be connected in order to generating.The indirect dry distillation reactor device 3 of described high-temperature gas also available existing gas waste heat boiler substitutes for the production of steam or hot water.
The related circulating fluidized bed combustion stove of a kind of resinous shale drying of the present utility model, heating, oil refining, coal-char combustion integrated apparatus, solid thermal carriers dry distillation reactor device, the indirect dry distillation reactor device of high-temperature gas, middle wet body indirectly or the major equipments such as direct heat exchange drying heater, air preheater all can give development and implementation according to fuel characteristic.
A kind of resinous shale drying of the present utility model, heating, oil refining, coal-char combustion integrated apparatus are only specific embodiment; and non exhaustive, those skilled in the art should belong to without copying and improving of creative work the scope that the requirement of utility model right is protected.