CN103666507B - Internally heated coal carbonization furnace, internally heated coal carbonization system and coal carbonization technical method - Google Patents
Internally heated coal carbonization furnace, internally heated coal carbonization system and coal carbonization technical method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103666507B CN103666507B CN201310687796.8A CN201310687796A CN103666507B CN 103666507 B CN103666507 B CN 103666507B CN 201310687796 A CN201310687796 A CN 201310687796A CN 103666507 B CN103666507 B CN 103666507B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B3/00—Coke ovens with vertical chambers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/04—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of powdered coal
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Abstract
The invention relates to coal carbonization equipment and technology, and particularly relates to an internally heated coal carbonization furnace, an internally heated coal carbonization system and a coal carbonization technical method. The internally heated coal carbonization furnace comprises a furnace body, wherein a plurality of carbonization chambers are arranged in the furnace body side by side; high-temperature oxygen deficiency flue gas produced from a high-temperature oxygen deficiency flue gas generating device is directly fed to all the carbonization chambers through a vertical flue, so that the coal in the carbonization chambers is in direct contact with the high-temperature oxygen deficiency flue gas to perform coal carbonization. Walls on left and right sides of the carbonization chambers are flue gas permeability walls, and flue gas holes are formed in the wall bodies, so that the high-temperature oxygen deficiency flue gas can freely enter the carbonization chambers from the vertical flue. The internally heated coal carbonization furnace, the internally heated coal carbonization system and the coal carbonization technical method have the advantages that the efficiency is high, the energy consumption is low, the contamination factor is small, the maximization of coal carbonization efficiency is realized, the energy consumption is reduced, and the coking time is shortened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to dry distillation of coal equipment and technique, specifically a kind of internally heated coal carbonization furnace, internally heated coal carbonization system
System and coal carbonization technology method.Coal carbonization furnace is also known as coke oven or retort.
Background technology
The dry distillation of coal（That is coking of coal）, refer to coal（Coal）Pyrolysis is heated to generate under conditions of isolation air and generates coal
The process of gas, tar, crude benzol and coke.Coking of coal technology started from for 18th century for commercial production on a large scale, to produce ironmaking
Required coke.
In view of the combustion characteristics of coal itself, coking of coal needs to complete under conditions of with air exclusion, to avoid air
In oxygen produce burning or oxidation reaction with red-hot coal directly contact in coking, reach coal high-efficiency rate ground
It is converted into the purpose of coke.Constantly improve through long-term, during modern coking of coal, it is all to heat adopted main fuel
Such as low heat value Process Gas such as blast furnace gas and coal gas of converter.
The mode of heating adopted according to which by coal carbonization technology, can be generally divided into external-heat and internal heat type.In addition, according to
The heated final temperature of coal（Dry distillation of coal temperature）Height, coal carbonization technology can be generally divided into low temperature distillation（500 DEG C～
600℃）, medium temperature carbonization（700 DEG C～900 DEG C）And high-temperature retorting（900 DEG C～1100 DEG C）.According to the ature of coal of different coals and not
With the proportioning of coal, different distillation process can be passed through and obtain different products, wherein high-temperature retorting be by carbonization of coal into
The technical process of coke needed for steel smelting procedure.
Modern coking of coal process approximately as：
1）Coal is dried：When the temperature of coal charge is higher than 100 DEG C, the moisture evaporation in coal charge goes out；Temperature be increased to 200 DEG C with
When upper, in coal charge, water of crystallization disengages；
2）Coal is modified：During to more than 350 DEG C, coal charge starts the change for microstructure and physical characteristics occur；Binding coal
Start to soften, and further form sticky gel（There is no this phenomenon in mud coal, brown coal etc.）, coal gas（Main component is first
Alkane）And tar（Coal tar）Start to separate out；
3）Low-temperature coal carbonization：During to 500～600 DEG C, coal charge starts low temperature distillation, and most of coal gas and tar are separated out, this
I.e. one time thermal decomposition product；Residue gradually retrogradation solidify to form semicoke；
4）The middle temperature dry distillation of coal：During to 700 DEG C～900 DEG C, semicoke continues to decompose the remaining volatile matter of precipitation（Main component is
Hydrogen）, semicoke is weightless to be shunk simultaneously, forms crackle；
5）The high temperature dry distillation of coal：During to 900 DEG C～1100 DEG C, semicoke volume-diminished is hardened to form porous coke.
What from said process, as coal retort process is the process of a continuous heating, either added using
Hot mode completes any distillation process process, and the product of the dry distillation of coal is all various coking such as coal semicoke or coke, coal gas and tar
Product.And, the attribute and composition of these products are understood because of the attribute of coal charge used and coal carbonization technology and the process passed through
It is different.
The external-heat dry distillation of coal
Modern coke making process（That is high-temperature coking technique）, it is external-heat coking；The external-heat coal carbonization furnace which adopts（Outward
Hot type coke oven）Body of heater be made up of carbonization chamber, three major parts of combustor and regenerator.Typically, carbonization chamber it is wide by 0.4～
0.5m, long 10～17m, high 4～7.5m, are provided with stoke hole and coal gas tedge (in pusher side or coke side), charcoal at the top of carbonization chamber
Closed with fire door at the two ends for changing room.Coking coal Jing after coal car pours carbonization chamber into i.e. and air exclusion, by the burning of carbonization chamber both sides
Heat room.Combustor is made up of many flues, and coal gas and air burn in flue.Regenerator is located at lower portion of furnace body, point
Air regenerator and gas regenerator.
The major part of external-heat coal carbonization furnace is built by laying bricks or stones with silica brick, and fire path temperature can reach 1400 DEG C.The coking time is because of charcoal
Change room width different with fire path temperature, generally 13～18h.The supporting machinery of external-heat coal carbonization furnace have charging car, pusher machine,
Coke guiding locomotive and coke quenching cart etc..Wherein：Charging car loads carbonization chamber coal, and the coke being smelt is released with pusher machine, fervid coke
Jing coke guiding locomotives fall into quenching in-car, and Jing water puts out or reclaim the CDQ of heat energy.The coke for putting out is put on Jiao Tai.
In order to improve coking working condition, external-heat coal carbonization furnace has anti-in addition to operation machinery, automatization, also
Control flue dust and process sewage device.Electronic computer also has started to operate for external-heat coal carbonization furnace.External-heat coal carbonization furnace
Keep the large-scale development, carbonization chamber dischargeable capacity increases to 50 cubic metres.In order to improve coke oven production capacity, take reduction furnace wall thick
The measure such as degree and the furnace wall brick from good heat conductivity, it is considered to be the trend of future development.
External-heat coke making process carries out heat conduction by the furnace wall between carbonization chamber and combustor, and coal gas and air are in combustor
Burning in flue produces heat, and furnace wall of the heat again between ecto-entad Jing carbonization chambers and combustor is transmitted to carbonization chamber, complete
The heating of coking coal in paired carbonization room.Due to its burning and mode of heating, external-heat coke making process exists following main scarce
Point：
1）Carbonization chamber wall is in the case where considering with balance strength and heat conductivility typically using 100 millimeters thicks
Silica brick is built into, and its heat conductivility and efficiency have a strong impact on and limit process of coking and efficiency；
2）The gas-fired formed in combustor flue be typical heat storage type combustion, show as efficiency of combustion it is low and
Temperature distributing disproportionation is even, thus further reduces the energy efficiency of modern coke making process；
3）Generally 950 DEG C -1050 DEG C of coking temperature in carbonization room, the mean temperature of combustor flue is at 1300 DEG C
Or it is higher；Coal gas and the formed big flame oxygen-excess combustion for causing localized hyperthermia of air are additionally, since, thus produce substantial amounts of nitrogen
Oxide and sulfur oxide, cause serious atmospheric pollution and discharge；
4）The carbonization chamber of coal carbonization furnace is due to needing using substantial amounts of with high temperature resistant and with relatively good heat conductivility
Silica brick is built by laying bricks or stones and is formed, thus the construction cost of coal carbonization furnace is high；
5）To make coal gas and air that effectively burning is compared in combustor i.e. flue, flue takes the dry distillation of coal
The big quantity space of furnace body, reduces effective coking space of coal carbonization furnace.It is additionally, since flue system, coal gas and air
Preheating and induction system are complicated, substantially increase the costs such as design, construction, material and operation.
Internally heated coal carbonization
In prior art, internally heated coal carbonization technique has also only been attempted in small-sized middle low-temperature coal carbonization at present, also
Apply in no especially big-and-middle-sized high-temperature coking in high-temperature coking.
A kind of common application form of internally heated coal carbonization technique is internal thermal upright coal carbonization furnace（Internal thermal upright charcoal
Change stove）.Its technological process and operation principle are：
Coal charge（Particle diameter is 15～200mm, also known as lump coal）Timing adds stove from the top of internal thermal upright coal carbonization furnace
Interior carbonization chamber, completes continuous charging operation；Add the lump coal in stove due to action of gravity, move from top to bottom, and with burning
The high-temperature gas that room is sent into（High-temperature gas flows from bottom to top）Counter current contacting.The top of carbonization chamber be preheating section, lump coal here
Section is heated to 400 DEG C or so, completes the coal before dry and dry distilling and is modified；Subsequently enter the retort section in the middle part of carbonization chamber, lump coal
700 DEG C or so are heated in this section, and are semicoke by carbonization；Afterwards, semicoke is first cold by the cooling section of carbonization chamber bottom
But to 150 DEG C or so, being finally cooled to 50 DEG C or so becomes semicoke i.e. final products.
In order to solve high energy consumption and low efficiency problem existing for the external-heat dry distillation of coal, and in order to further reduce the dry distillation of coal
The manufacturing cost of stove, internally heated coal carbonization technique are adopted and attempt internal thermal upright coal carbonization furnace.However, due to its principle and knot
There are obvious three big major defects in the defect on structure, internally heated coal carbonization technique：
1）The high-temperature flue gas that burning coal or other fuel are formed are utilized in combustor.Because which adopts Conventional solid or gas
Fluid fuel combustion technology and need to make fuel burn as far as possible by excessive blowing, cause produced by high-temperature flue gas in contained
Many oxygen；Which will occur combustion oxidation with the part coal in carbonization room, thus consume coal and reduce product semicoke
Yield rate；
2）Conventional solid or gas fuel combustion technology exist obvious efficiency of combustion it is low and because burn it is insufficient make
Into disposal of pollutants problem；Thus, it usually needs using the combustion system of excessive blowing.But this combustion system reduces combustion
Burn burning and the thermal efficiency of room, and the overall energy efficiency of this internal heat type charring process；
3）Although the coking temperature in carbonization room is 700 DEG C or so；But necessarily deposit because of its combustion system in combustor
In localized hyperthermia.Excessive blowing is additionally, since, is big flame oxygen-excess combustion in the burning of the indoor formation of burning.This burning meeting
Substantial amounts of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxide are produced, serious atmospheric pollution and discharge is caused.
The content of the invention
For defect present in prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of internally heated coal carbonization furnace, interior-heat
Formula dry distillation of coal system and coal carbonization technology method, efficiency high, energy consumption are low, pollute little, realize the maximization of dry distillation of coal efficiency with
Reducing energy consumption and shortening coking time.
To reach object above, the present invention is adopted the technical scheme that：
A kind of internally heated coal carbonization furnace, including body of heater, it is characterised in that：
The body of heater is provided with some carbonization chambers 4 side by side, and carbonization chamber 4 is used for the coal charge for loading the pending dry distillation of coal,
From the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature that the weary oxygen smoke generating apptss 1 of high temperature are produced, each carbonization chamber is sent directly into through vertical flue 6
4, make the coal charge in carbonization chamber 4 carry out the dry distillation of coal with the weary oxygen flue gas directly contact of high temperature.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, the left and right sides wall of the carbonization chamber 4 is the penetrating wall 7 of flue gas, described
The penetrating wall of flue gas 7 is provided with some equally distributed smoke holes 5,
On the outside of the penetrating wall of flue gas 7, some spaced vertical flues 6 are provided with along penetrating 7 length direction of wall of flue gas, per bar
Vertical flue 6 is arranged along the short transverse of carbonization chamber 4,
The weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature can enter carbonization chamber 4 from vertical flue 6 by smoke hole 5 is free.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, the penetrating wall of the flue gas 7 is built into using highiy refractory brick, and refractory brick is in heap
During block, reserving gaps constitute smoke hole 5；
Or the penetrating wall of the flue gas 7 is built into using pass highiy refractory brick, the pass highiy refractory brick is provided with some
Equally distributed smoke hole 5；
Or the penetrating wall of the flue gas 7 is built into using pass highiy refractory brick and highiy refractory brick, the pass high-temperature flame-proof
Brick is provided with some equally distributed smoke holes 5.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, on every piece of pass highiy refractory brick, 5 in the vertical direction of the smoke hole,
From top to bottom at least provided with a row, often arrange in the horizontal direction, at least provided with one.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, horizontal position of the smoke hole 5 in the smoke hole gas outlet 22 of carbonization chamber side sets low
In the smoke hole air inlet 21 of vertical flue side.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, the opening direction of the smoke hole gas outlet 22 is obliquely downward.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, the smoke hole gas outlet 22 is wide-mouth.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, the bottom of each vertical flue 6 is connected with vertical flue distribution circuit 3, top
Closing, the vertical flue distribution circuit 3 and flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline 2 connect, and flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline 2 and the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature occur dress
Put 1 connection.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, the weary oxygen smoke generating apptss 1 of the high temperature, are to produce oxygen content to be less than
The burner of the 0.5% weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, the quantity of the carbonization chamber 4 is not all 1 with requirement according to the species of the dry distillation of coal
～90, or it is more,
On the outside of the penetrating wall of flue gas of each carbonization chamber, 30～50 are uniformly distributed along its length as needed with its phase
The shared vertical flue of adjacent carbonization chamber.
Internally heated coal carbonization system, it is characterised in that include：
Above-mentioned internally heated coal carbonization furnace 32,
The weary oxygen smoke generating apptss 1 of high temperature are connected to supporting with internally heated coal carbonization furnace 32 by flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline 2
Vertical flue distribution circuit 3,
The carbonization chamber 4 of internally heated coal carbonization furnace 32 is provided with offgas outlet, and offgas outlet is connected to oven gas by pipeline and returns
Receive processing and utilizing system,
Oven gas recycling produces dry distilling producer gas using system, and the dry distilling producer gas returns high temperature by Pipeline transport
Weary oxygen smoke generating apptss 1 are as gaseous fuel or are used for other purposes.
Using the coal carbonization technology method of above-mentioned internally heated coal carbonization furnace, it is characterised in that dry distillation of coal process is as follows：
Step 1, after coal charge filling operation is completed, the weary oxygen smoke generating apptss of high temperature 1 start high to coal carbonization furnace conveying
The weary oxygen flue gas of temperature, the weary oxygen flue gas Jing flue gases transmission and distribution pipeline 2 of high temperature, vertical flue distribution circuit 3 enter each carbonization chamber both sides flue gas
After vertical flue on the outside of penetrating wall, carbonization chamber is entered by the smoke hole on the penetrating wall of flue gas, coal charge in carbonization room is gradually risen
Temperature starts coal drying process；
Step 2, when in carbonization chamber, the temperature from ambient temperature of coal charge is elevated above 100 DEG C, the moisture evaporation in coal charge goes out；
When temperature continues to rise to more than 200 DEG C, in coal charge, water of crystallization disengages, and coke oven tail gas water content completes coal charge close to zero
Drying process；
Step 3, before drying process terminates, can start to reclaim coke oven tail gas, with the continuation liter of carbonization room temperature
Height, when especially up to more than about 350 DEG C, the coke oven tail gas to being reclaimed carry out dedusting and coal gas and burnt oil separating and return
Receipts process；, used as gaseous fuel, tar is used as industrial chemicals for coal gas；
Step 4, the dry distillation of coal：According to the requirement of the needs and final products of different coal carbonization technologies, carbonization chamber is weary by high temperature
Oxygen flue gas complete the one kind in following three kinds of distillation process of basic, normal, high temperature dry distilling to relevant temperature scope：
Step 4.1, when coal charge temperature is about 500～600 DEG C in carbonization room, completes low-temperature coal carbonization；Most of coal gas and
Tar is separated out, and gradually has semicoke to solidify to form；
Step 4.2, when coal charge temperature is about 700 DEG C～900 DEG C in carbonization room, completes the middle temperature dry distillation of coal；Semicoke continues to divide
Remaining volatile matter is parsed, semicoke is weightless to be shunk simultaneously, forms crackle；
Step 4.3, when coal charge temperature is about 950 DEG C～1050 DEG C in carbonization room, completes the high temperature dry distillation of coal；Semicoke volume contracts
It is little to be hardened to form porous coke.
Internally heated coal carbonization furnace of the present invention, internally heated coal carbonization system and coal carbonization technology method, efficiency high, energy
Consumption is low, pollutes little, realizes the maximization of dry distillation of coal efficiency with reducing energy consumption and shortens coking time.
Internally heated coal carbonization furnace of the present invention and internally heated coal carbonization system, in order to improve coking desired gas fuel
Efficiency of combustion and system thermal efficiency, and to greatest extent reduce the pollutant such as nitrogen oxides and oxysulfide discharge, adopt
The gas fuel combustion technology of high-efficiency cleaning as the weary oxygen flue gas technology of high temperature and generating meanss are produced, using the height of gaseous fuel
The weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature produced by effect cleaning burning directly heats medium as coal charge；By the weary oxygen flue gas of pressure official post high temperature
From the weary 1 Jing flue gases transmission and distribution pipeline 2 of oxygen smoke generating apptss of high temperature, flue distribution circuit 3 is found, flue 6 is found and is provided with smoke hole 5
The penetrating wall 7 of flue gas, is directly entered carbonization chamber and coal charge is efficiently directly heated.
Internally heated coal carbonization furnace of the present invention and internally heated coal carbonization system, simplify modern coal carbonization furnace complexity
Frame for movement and operation principle, eliminate coal gas and air distributing system and associated auxiliary systems, are being greatly enhanced system heat
The heating system of coal carbonization furnace is significantly simplify while efficiency, thus considerably reduces the design and construction of coal carbonization furnace
Cost；Obtain the space that can be used for expanding carbonization chamber vol simultaneously in the case of same base area, improve coal and do
The useful space utilization rate of furnace.In modern coal carbonization furnace is kept, the basic geometric constitution such as carbonization chamber taper and engineering set
On the basis of meter considers, the carbonization building volume of the present invention can be than the carbonization building volume of the coal carbonization furnace of typically now structure more
Greatly, and there can be bigger and more flexible design space.
Description of the drawings
The present invention has drawings described below：
The structural representation of Fig. 1 internally heated coal carbonization furnaces.
The structural representation of Fig. 2 pass highiy refractory bricks.
The structural representation of Fig. 3 internally heated coal carbonization systems.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The present invention includes two parts of internally heated coal carbonization furnace structure design and technique.
Internally heated coal carbonization furnace of the present invention, its structure are as shown in Figure 1（Internally heated coal carbonization of the present invention
Stove, eliminates coal gas and air distributing system and associated auxiliary systems.Other units of not shown coal carbonization furnace in Fig. 1, structure,
Equipment, Technology and flow process can be identical with modern coal carbonization furnace, implemented using prior art, no longer described in detail.）, including：
Body of heater, the body of heater are provided with some carbonization chambers 4 side by side, and carbonization chamber 4 is used for the coal charge for loading the pending dry distillation of coal,
Carbonization chamber 4 is identical with the function and basic structure of the carbonization chamber of modern coal carbonization furnace, for carrying out coking coal carbonization reaction, carbonization chamber
4 top is provided with 3～4 offgas outlets, and offgas outlet is connected to oven gas recycling by pipeline and utilizes system, Jiao
Furnace gas recycling is implemented using prior art using system, no longer describes in detail,
From the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature that the weary oxygen smoke generating apptss 1 of high temperature are produced, each carbonization chamber is sent directly into through vertical flue 6
4, make the coal charge in carbonization chamber 4 carry out the dry distillation of coal with the weary oxygen flue gas directly contact of high temperature.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, the left and right sides wall of the carbonization chamber 4 is the penetrating wall of flue gas（Also known as
Flue gas transporting wall）7, the structure of the pusher side and coke side wall of both sides and upper and lower side walls, function and material of building a wall before and after which
Using with existing coal carbonization furnace same design（It is built into using silica brick）, will not be described in detail herein,
The penetrating wall of the flue gas 7 is provided with some equally distributed smoke holes 5,
On the outside of the penetrating wall of flue gas 7（Outside refers to the side outside carbonization chamber 4）, along penetrating 7 length direction of wall of flue gas
Some spaced vertical flues 6 are provided with, the short transverse that flue 6 is found per bar along carbonization chamber 4 is arranged（Referring to Fig. 1）, the same side
Length direction of some vertical flue 6 preferably along the penetrating wall of flue gas 7 arrange at equal intervals, concrete interval refers to existing coal carbonization furnace
Flue set-up mode, no longer describe in detail,
The weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature can enter carbonization chamber 4 from vertical flue 6 by smoke hole 5 is free.
In the present invention, smoke hole 5 is set, it is therefore an objective to by coking coal and ambient environment on the penetrating wall of flue gas 7, it is only high
The weary oxygen flue gas of temperature can enter carbonization chamber from vertical flue 6 by the smoke hole 5 of reasonable layout.Existing coal carbonization furnace, by carbonization
The wall reconstruction of room 4 is the penetrating wall 7 of flue gas of the present invention, can also adopt technical solutions according to the invention.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, the penetrating wall of the flue gas 7 is built into using highiy refractory brick, and refractory brick is in heap
During block, reserving gaps constitute smoke hole 5；
Or the penetrating wall of the flue gas 7 is built into using pass highiy refractory brick, the pass highiy refractory brick is provided with some
Equally distributed smoke hole 5；
Or the penetrating wall of the flue gas 7 is built into using pass highiy refractory brick and highiy refractory brick, the pass high-temperature flame-proof
Brick is provided with some equally distributed smoke holes 5.
Obviously, according to described above, smoke hole 5 can also be arranged on the penetrating wall of flue gas 7 using other modes.For example：
Brick body is provided with cell body, a part of the cell body for smoke hole 5, after brick body is piled up, the cell body split in adjacent brick body, and structure
Into complete smoke hole 5.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, as shown in Fig. 2 on every piece of pass highiy refractory brick, the smoke hole 5 is perpendicular
Upwards, from top to bottom at least provided with a row, embodiment illustrated in fig. 2 is provided with three rows to Nogata,
Often arrange in the horizontal direction, at least provided with one.
I.e.：On every piece of pass highiy refractory brick, at least provided with 1*1 smoke hole 5, the setting quantity of smoke hole 5 can be with
It is 1*2,2*2,2*3,3*2,3*3,2*4,3*4,4*4 etc., no longer enumerates.When refractory brick, when piling up, reserving gaps constitute flue gas
During hole 5, the quantity of smoke hole 5, arrangement mode also can refer to the set-up mode of smoke hole 5 on pass highiy refractory brick, according to need
Want appropriate design.
The section of smoke hole 5 can be circular, oval, square, rectangle, prismatic, trapezoidal, triangle, it is quincunx or
Other suitable irregularly-shaped hole profiles.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, as shown in Fig. 2 smoke hole gas outlet 22 of the smoke hole 5 in carbonization chamber side
Smoke hole air inlet 21 of the horizontal level less than vertical flue side.
The opening of smoke hole gas outlet have to be lower than smoke hole air inlet, in order to guarantee to install coal charge additional in carbonization chamber
During broken coal will not occur or coal dust is entered and blocks smoke hole, it is ensured that the permeability of smoke hole.
Further, the opening direction of the smoke hole gas outlet 22 is obliquely downward.
Further, the smoke hole gas outlet 22 is wide-mouth.For example, the wide-mouth is horn mouth, and the big mouth of horn mouth
The one end in footpath is located at carbonization chamber side.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, the bottom of each vertical flue 6 is connected with vertical flue distribution circuit 3, top
Closing, the vertical flue distribution circuit 3 and flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline 2 connect, and flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline 2 and the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature occur dress
Put 1 connection.
The weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature that the weary oxygen smoke generating apptss 1 of high temperature are produced, through flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline 2（Main pipeline）Efficiently
Uniform transmission ＆ distribution are to each vertical flue distribution circuit 3（Lateral）；High temperature weary oxygen flue gas is finally sent by vertical flue distribution circuit 3
Enter in vertical flue 6.Between the weary oxygen smoke generating apptss of vertical flue 6, vertical flue distribution circuit 3, flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline 2 and high temperature 1
Concrete pipeline connecting mode, can implement by prior art, no longer describe in detail.Preferably, the vertical flue 6 of the same side is connected
To a vertical flue distribution circuit 3, to ensure the flue gas transfer efficiency of transmission ＆ distribution pipe-line system.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, the weary oxygen smoke generating apptss of the high temperature 1 are less than to produce oxygen content
The burner of the particular design of the 0.5% weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature.
The weary oxygen smoke generating apptss 1 of high temperature need to produce the height that temperature is at 600 DEG C～1300 DEG C according to coking process
The weary oxygen flue gas of temperature.From weary 1 temperature of oxygen smoke generating apptss of high temperature in 600 DEG C～1300 DEG C of flue gas Jing flue gases transmission ＆ distribution pipe first
Road, is transported to each vertical flue distribution circuit by uniformly matching somebody with somebody；Afterwards, into each vertical flue；Eventually through the penetrating wall of flue gas
In the smoke hole that communicates with vertical flue enter carbonization chamber.
It is proposed that using the permanent Thailand's clean energy technology in matter source（Beijing）The LGC super-low calorific value industrial waste gases of company limited
Combustion technology and burner, low calorific value gas fuel high-efficiency cleaning can be burnt simultaneously by this using the burner of LGC combustion technologies
Produce high temperature weary oxygen flue gas of the oxygen content less than 0.2%.The low calorific value gas fuel is blast furnace gas, coal gas of converter or coke oven
Coal gas.
In principle, the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature is any employing high-efficiency cleaning combustion technology and equipment by the weary oxygen burning of high temperature
The oxygen content of generation is less than 0.5% flue gas, in order to guarantee the efficient and environmentally friendly of whole distillation system.Low-BTU gas fires
Material is proposed with blast furnace gas, coal gas of converter, coke-stove gas and dry distilling furnace exhaust gas of the present invention etc..LGC low heat value gas burning skills
Art can be high-efficiency cleaning burn the advanced and ripe burning skill of the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature produced using low calorific value gas fuel
Art.As the technology is related to the technology and equipment of other field, the present invention is no longer described in detail.
As described above, internally heated coal carbonization furnace of the present invention, employs diverse coal charge heating medium and adds
Hot mode, specifically：Coal charge is directly heated as heating medium using the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature, be instead of with silica brick as heat biography
Lead the traditional approach of medium indirectly heat coal charge.Using the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature as the heating medium of the dry distillation of coal, can be by high temperature
Effective guarantee coal charge and oxygen-barrier while heat energy entrained by weary oxygen flue gas is applied directly to coal charge, it is efficient so as to realize
The dry distillation of coal.The coal charge heating medium of the present invention and mode of heating are simple, direct, efficient, enormously simplify in modern coal carbonization furnace
Complicated coal gas and air system and flue system.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, the quantity of the carbonization chamber 4 is according to the species of the dry distillation of coal and requires that difference can
Think 1～90 or more.For the coal carbonization furnace of high-temperature retorting, can typically there are 60～70 carbonization chambers.And, typically
The width of carbonization chamber is selected in a wide range can（W）, height（H）And length（L）；Such as each width of charring chamber is
400～800mm；Highly it is 5～8M；Length is 15～20M.
On the outside of the penetrating wall of flue gas of each carbonization chamber, 30～50 are uniformly distributed along its length as needed with its phase
The shared vertical flue of adjacent carbonization chamber, makes the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature be uniformly delivered to the carbonization chamber adjacent with its both sides from vertical flue
It is interior.Make into the temperature of the weary oxygen flue gas of carbonization chamber, flow and warm-up time by control that temperature reaches and maintenance completes coking coal
Temperature and time required for dry, dry distilling and coking.
The present invention gives a kind of internally heated coal carbonization system using above-mentioned internally heated coal carbonization furnace, as shown in figure 3,
Specifically include：
Internally heated coal carbonization furnace 32,
The weary oxygen smoke generating apptss 1 of high temperature are connected to supporting with internally heated coal carbonization furnace 32 by flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline 2
Vertical flue distribution circuit 3,
The carbonization chamber 4 of internally heated coal carbonization furnace 32 is provided with offgas outlet, and offgas outlet is connected to oven gas by pipeline and returns
Receive processing and utilizing system,
Oven gas recycling produces dry distilling producer gas using system, and the dry distilling producer gas returns high temperature by Pipeline transport
Weary oxygen smoke generating apptss 1 are as gaseous fuel or are used for other purposes.
As shown in figure 3, the oven gas recycling is included using system：
Dedusting and waste heat recovery device 33, the offgas outlet of carbonization chamber 4 is by pipeline and dedusting and waste heat recovery profit
Connected with device 33,
Coal tar and other chemical components retracting devices 34, dedusting and waste heat recovery device 33 flue gas after dedusting
Pipeline is connected with coal tar and other chemical components retracting devices 34, coal tar and other chemical components retracting devices make coal gas with
Tar separation,
Coke oven tail gas clean recovery system 35, and coal tar and other chemical components retracting devices 34 pass through coke oven tail gas pipeline
It is connected with coke oven tail gas cleaning recovery system 35, coke oven tail gas cleaning recovery system collects coal gas（Dry distilling producer gas）,
Coke oven tail gas recovery system 35 is provided with supporting coke-stove gas gas storage system 36, and coke oven tail gas recovery system 35 is reclaimed
The dry distilling producer gas for obtaining is stored in coke-stove gas gas storage system 36, and the dry distilling producer gas can return high temperature by Pipeline transport
Weary oxygen smoke generating apptss 1 are as gaseous fuel or are used for other purposes.
In internal heat type coal retort process, due to the coal separated out from coal charge during the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature and the dry distillation of coal
Gas and flue gas form coking tail gas together；Thus, its coal carbonization furnace tail gas amount is more than modern coal carbonization technology, and is reclaimed
The concentration or calorific value of coal carbonization furnace coal gas is also corresponding lower.This coal gas can be used as the weary oxygen smoke generating apptss of high temperature 1
Ideal fuels.
Internally heated coal carbonization furnace of the present invention, internally heated coal carbonization system, which is with modern coal carbonization furnace in coking
On mode of heating and heat transfer type, and there is in corresponding coal carbonization furnace structure and in technical process difference substantially；So
And, coal charge apolegamy, charging, extinguish it is burnt, discharge of the coke, coke oven tail gas dedusting and recycling, tar recycling etc. operation then
Using identical technique and equipment.
The dry distillation of coal process of internally heated coal carbonization furnace of the present invention is as follows：
Step 1, after coal charge filling operation is completed, the weary oxygen smoke generating apptss of high temperature 1 start high to coal carbonization furnace conveying
The weary oxygen flue gas of temperature, the weary oxygen flue gas Jing flue gases transmission and distribution pipeline 2 of high temperature, vertical flue distribution circuit 3 enter each carbonization chamber both sides flue gas
After vertical flue on the outside of penetrating wall, carbonization chamber is entered by the smoke hole on the penetrating wall of flue gas, coal charge in carbonization room is gradually risen
Temperature starts coal drying process；
Step 2, when in carbonization chamber, the temperature from ambient temperature of coal charge is elevated above 100 DEG C, the moisture evaporation in coal charge goes out；
When temperature continues to rise to more than 200 DEG C, in coal charge, water of crystallization disengages, and coke oven tail gas water content completes coal charge close to zero
Drying process；
Step 3, before drying process terminates, can start to reclaim coke oven tail gas, with the continuation liter of carbonization room temperature
Height, when especially up to more than about 350 DEG C, the coke oven tail gas to being reclaimed carry out dedusting and coal gas and burnt oil separating and return
Receipts process；Coal gas（Main component is methane）Used as gaseous fuel, tar is used as industrial chemicals；
Step 4, the dry distillation of coal：According to the requirement of the needs and final products of different coal carbonization technologies, carbonization chamber is weary by high temperature
Oxygen flue gas complete the one kind in following three kinds of distillation process of basic, normal, high temperature dry distilling to relevant temperature scope：
Step 4.1, when coal charge temperature is about 500～600 DEG C in carbonization room, completes low-temperature coal carbonization；Most of coal gas and
Tar is separated out, and gradually has semicoke to solidify to form；
Step 4.2, when coal charge temperature is about 700 DEG C～900 DEG C in carbonization room, completes the middle temperature dry distillation of coal；Semicoke continues to divide
Parse remaining volatile matter（Main component is hydrogen）, semicoke is weightless to be shunk simultaneously, forms crackle；
Step 4.3, when coal charge temperature is about 950 DEG C～1050 DEG C in carbonization room, completes the high temperature dry distillation of coal；Semicoke volume contracts
It is little to be hardened to form porous coke.
The present invention has advantages below：
1）Due to present invention employs the internally heated coal carbonization by the use of the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature as heating medium, the dry distillation of coal
The energy consumption of Cheng Suoxu is expected to be 1/3rd of the existing external-heat dry distillation of coal, or lower；
2）A quarter of the time of coal carbonization technology process for existing process, or it is shorter；
3）The tremendous increase of the thermal efficiency of internally heated coal carbonization technique of the present invention, the heating-up temperature in gas retort is at 1000 DEG C
Left and right, far below 1300 DEG C -1400 DEG C of existing coal carbonization technology.Thus, greatly reduce the product of the pollutant such as nitrogen oxides
Raw and discharge；
4）Coordinate the weary oxygen smoke generating apptss of high temperature from high-efficiency cleaning, can further increase substantially internal heat type coal
The generation and discharge of the pollutant such as the energy efficiency and reduction nitrogen oxides of distillation process, reaches the energy-saving and emission-reduction of coal carbonization technology
The maximization of effect；
5）The vertical fire adopted during existing coal carbonization furnace is significantly less than as using vertical flue, which is taken up space in the present invention
Road；Thus, in the case of gas retort size identical, the internally heated coal carbonization furnace carbonization chamber volume capacity of the present invention is significantly greater than
Existing coal carbonization furnace；
6）As a result of internal heat type mode of heating, carbonization chamber need not be built by laying bricks or stones using silica brick, thus is greatly reduced
The construction material cost of coal carbonization furnace；
7）Coordinate the weary oxygen smoke generating apptss 1 of high temperature using high-efficiency cleaning, the knot of coal carbonization furnace can be greatly simplified
Structure；Thus, the building structure and equipment without the need for regenerator necessary to existing coal carbonization furnace and correlation, without prior art institute
The emission abatement devices such as the denitration device for needing, so as to further the big structure for significantly simplifying gas retort and the equipment that greatly reduces are thrown
Money, construction cost and operating cost；
8）Due to the efficiency high of internally heated coal carbonization technique of the present invention, short retorting time, pyrolysis temperature and process control, its
Coking is uniform, coke quality is high, tar quality high.
The content not being described in detail in this specification belongs to prior art known to professional and technical personnel in the field.
Adnexa：
List of references（Such as patent/paper/standard）
1. Oxford University's chemistry of fuel industry teaching and research room compiles：《Low temperature distillation engineering》, the first volume, petroleum industry publishing house, north
Capital, 1959
2.A.Elliott ed.,Chemistry of Coal Utilization,2nd Sup.vol.,John
Wiley&Sons,New York,1981.
3. Zhao Jie etc., internal thermal upright carbonization furnace distillation process and its improvement direction,《Energy supply for metallurgy》, in May, 2011,30
(3):31-33。
Claims (12)
1. a kind of internally heated coal carbonization furnace, including body of heater, it is characterised in that：
The body of heater is provided with some carbonization chambers (4) side by side, carbonization chamber (4) for loading the coal charge of the pending dry distillation of coal,
From the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature that the weary oxygen smoke generating apptss (1) of high temperature produce, each carbonization chamber is sent directly into through vertical flue (6)
(4) coal charge in carbonization chamber (4), is made to carry out the dry distillation of coal with the weary oxygen flue gas directly contact of high temperature；
The left and right sides wall of the carbonization chamber (4) is the penetrating wall of flue gas (7), and the penetrating wall (7) of the flue gas is provided with some
Equally distributed smoke hole (5),
On the outside of the penetrating wall of flue gas of each carbonization chamber, it is provided with some spaced vertical along flue gas penetrating wall (7) length direction
Flue (6).
2. internally heated coal carbonization furnace as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Height of the flue (6) along carbonization chamber (4) is found per bar
Degree direction is arranged,
The weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature can be free from vertical flue (6) into carbonization chamber (4) by smoke hole (5).
3. internally heated coal carbonization furnace as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：The penetrating wall (7) of the flue gas is resistance to using high temperature
Firebrick is built into, and refractory brick reserving gaps when piling up constitute smoke hole (5)；
Or the penetrating wall (7) of the flue gas is built into using pass highiy refractory brick, the pass highiy refractory brick be provided with it is some
The smoke hole (5) of even distribution.
4. internally heated coal carbonization furnace as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：On every piece of pass highiy refractory brick, the cigarette
Pore (5) in the vertical direction, from top to bottom at least provided with a row, often arranges in the horizontal direction, at least provided with one.
5. internally heated coal carbonization furnace as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Smoke hole of the smoke hole (5) in carbonization chamber side
Smoke hole air inlet (21) of the horizontal level of gas outlet (22) less than vertical flue side.
6. internally heated coal carbonization furnace as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：The openings of the smoke hole gas outlet (22)
To obliquely downward.
7. internally heated coal carbonization furnace as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：The smoke hole gas outlet (22) is wide-mouth.
8. internally heated coal carbonization furnace as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：The bottom of each vertical flue (6) with vertical cigarette
Road distribution circuit (3) connects, top seal, and the vertical flue distribution circuit (3) and flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline (2) connect, and flue gas is defeated
Distribution pipes (2) and weary oxygen smoke generating apptss (1) connection of high temperature.
9. internally heated coal carbonization furnace as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The weary oxygen smoke generating apptss (1) of the high temperature,
For burner of the oxygen content less than the 0.5% weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature can be produced.
10. internally heated coal carbonization furnace as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：The quantity of the carbonization chamber (4) is dry according to coal
The species and requirement for evaporating is not all 1～90, or more.
11. internally heated coal carbonization systems, it is characterised in that include：
Claim 1～10 one of arbitrarily described in internally heated coal carbonization furnace (32),
The weary oxygen smoke generating apptss (1) of high temperature are connected to supporting with internally heated coal carbonization furnace (32) by flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline (2)
Vertical flue distribution circuit (3),
The carbonization chamber (4) of internally heated coal carbonization furnace (32) is provided with offgas outlet, and offgas outlet is connected to oven gas by pipeline and returns
Receive processing and utilizing system,
Oven gas recycling produces dry distilling producer gas using system, and the dry distilling producer gas returns the weary oxygen of high temperature by Pipeline transport
Smoke generating apptss (1) are as gaseous fuel or are used for other purposes.
12. using claim 1～10 one of arbitrarily described in internally heated coal carbonization furnace coal carbonization technology method, its feature exists
In dry distillation of coal process is as follows：
Step 1, after coal charge filling operation is completed, the weary oxygen smoke generating apptss (1) of high temperature start to convey high temperature to coal carbonization furnace
Weary oxygen flue gas, the weary oxygen flue gas Jing flue gas transmission and distribution pipelines (2) of high temperature, vertical flue distribution circuit (3) are into each carbonization chamber both sides cigarette
After vertical flue on the outside of the penetrating wall of gas, carbonization chamber is entered by the smoke hole on the penetrating wall of flue gas, make in carbonization room coal charge gradually
Heat up and start coal drying process；
Step 2, when in carbonization chamber, the temperature from ambient temperature of coal charge is elevated above 100 DEG C, the moisture evaporation in coal charge goes out；Temperature
When continuing to rise to more than 200 DEG C, in coal charge, water of crystallization disengages, and coke oven tail gas water content completes the drying of coal charge close to zero
Operation；
Step 3, before drying process terminates, can start to reclaim coke oven tail gas, as the continuation of carbonization room temperature is raised, especially
When which is to reach more than 350 DEG C, the coke oven tail gas to being reclaimed carry out dedusting and coal gas with burnt oil separating and recycling；Coal
, used as gaseous fuel, tar is used as industrial chemicals for gas；
Step 4, the dry distillation of coal：According to the requirement of the needs and final products of different coal carbonization technologies, carbonization chamber is by the weary oxygen cigarette of high temperature
Gas is heated to relevant temperature scope and completes the one kind in following three kinds of distillation process of basic, normal, high temperature dry distilling：
Step 4.1, when coal charge temperature is 500～600 DEG C in carbonization room, completes low-temperature coal carbonization；Most of coal gas and tar analysis
Go out, and gradually have semicoke to solidify to form；
Step 4.2, when coal charge temperature is 700 DEG C～900 DEG C in carbonization room, completes the middle temperature dry distillation of coal；Semicoke continues to decompose precipitation
Remaining volatile matter, semicoke is weightless to be shunk simultaneously, forms crackle；
Step 4.3, when coal charge temperature is 950 DEG C～1050 DEG C in carbonization room, completes the high temperature dry distillation of coal；Semicoke volume-diminished is hardened
Form porous coke.
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| PCT/CN2014/001030 WO2015089900A1 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2014-11-18 | Coal carbonization retorts and systems, and coal carbonization process |
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| CN103666507B (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2017-04-12 | 陈晓辉 | Internally heated coal carbonization furnace, internally heated coal carbonization system and coal carbonization technical method |
| CN105018118B (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2018-05-11 | 肖自江 | Fine coal oil shale powder low temperature pyrogenation method and the vertical downlink low temperature pyrogenation stove of outer heat |
| CN105018119B (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2018-09-04 | 肖自江 | Hot low temperature downlink pyrolysis oven outside fine coal oil shale powder |
| KR101755396B1 (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-07-11 | 주식회사 포스코 | Reforming method of coal and apparatus thereof |
| CN109929572B (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2021-02-26 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Method and system for producing clean coal by power plant power generation coupling |
| CN109399849A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-03-01 | 广东省建筑设计研究院 | A kind of semi-coke wastewater treatment process |
| CN109097070B (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2023-11-17 | 刘元明 | Vertical heat recovery coke oven |
| CN112239677A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-19 | 陈晓辉 | Fixed bed coal gasifier, fixed bed coal gasification and coal gasification hydrogen production system and process method |
| CN110452724B (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2024-03-19 | 中冶焦耐(大连)工程技术有限公司 | Clean coking process and system |
| CN114317014B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-09-27 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Oxygen-enriched combustion internal heating type coal low-temperature carbonization furnace and partial premixed combustion method |
| CN115109607B (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2023-08-15 | 鞍钢集团工程技术有限公司 | Indirect heating process and device for oil shale powder ore or coal |
| CN115650205A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-01-31 | 安徽清能碳再生科技有限公司 | Pretreatment method for sodium ion battery negative electrode material |
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| CN2232444Y (en) * | 1995-10-10 | 1996-08-07 | 季可达 | Upright dry distillation furnace body with low-temp., medium temp. and high-temp. continuous dry distillation for coal |
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| CN103666507B (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2017-04-12 | 陈晓辉 | Internally heated coal carbonization furnace, internally heated coal carbonization system and coal carbonization technical method |
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