CN203487094U - Integrated drying, carbonizing and activating equipment for carbon-containing solids - Google Patents
Integrated drying, carbonizing and activating equipment for carbon-containing solids Download PDFInfo
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- CN203487094U CN203487094U CN201320171335.0U CN201320171335U CN203487094U CN 203487094 U CN203487094 U CN 203487094U CN 201320171335 U CN201320171335 U CN 201320171335U CN 203487094 U CN203487094 U CN 203487094U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to equipment for drying, carbonizing and activating carbon-containing solids to produce active carbon, semicoke, tar and fuel gas. The furnace, namely the equipment, is in the shape of a vertical shaft, and materials are discharged downward along the furnace by self-weight of the materials. The furnace consists of a drying section, a carbonizing section, an activating section, a cooling section, a discharging section and a plurality of transitional sections. Heat required in the process is used in a gradient manner and is supplied by high temperature smoke in a combustion chamber. Heat is exchanged through an external heated plate heat exchanger and a spiral plate heat exchanger. The equipment has the beneficial effects that no operating mechanisms are arranged in the furnace, so that the equipment is simple in structure, free of maintenance and long in service life; the heat required by the drying, carbonizing, activating and cooling process is used in the gradient manner, so that the heat source is single and high in efficiency; the amount of gas in the furnace is less and the resistance is low due to external heat transfer, powdery raw materials can be treated, and the heat value of the self-produced fuel gas is high; the yield of active carbon is high.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind ofly produces a kind of equipment of activated carbon, semicoke, tar and combustion gas by solid carbon thing (particularly sewage work produce active sludge product and brown coal) through super-dry, charing, activation.
Background technology
Solid carbon thing has primary coal, oil shale and coal gangue; Secondary timber. the active sludge that agricultural stalk, hard hulls of dry fruits, organic solid waste and sewage work produce.Because they contain the carbon that quantity does not wait, through burning, can provide heat energy.At present coal provides more than 80% electric energy for the mankind.Brought serious environmental problem thereupon.
Along with urbanization speed-raising, the output of the mud that organic solid waste and sewage work produce grows with each passing day, and environmental stress is increasing, and conventional landfill and anhydration and incineration produce more serious environmental problem.
Gac is a kind of the most frequently used sorbing material, is widely used in that foodstuffs industry, medicine are refining, the aspect such as petrochemical industry and environmental improvement.
The gac output of China is only second to the U.S., occupies second place of the world, export volume the first in the world, nearly 100,000 tons of annual export volume.
Gac activation method is divided into chemical method and Physical.The shortcoming of chemical method is: consume chemical reagent, high to equipment corrosion, contaminate environment, cost, progressively by Physical, be replaced.Physical is by after the charing of solid carbon thing, more at high temperature (800-1000 ℃), with water vapor or carbon dioxide activation.
Known activation furnace has Stepple furnace and Multilayer disc type stove.Stepple furnace is interrupted to be produced, and separate unit treatment capacity is low, only has hundreds of ton/platform year, and cost is high; Multilayer disc type stove is the type of furnace generally adopting in the world.Its shell is cylindrical, and activation raw material adds from furnace roof, the rake arm driving by central shaft, low speed (0.5-3rpm) by dish stirs under, contact and be activated with the activator of being sent into by bottom.At present, this stove is domestic still can not produce.These two kinds of type of furnaces can only complete activation, can not carry out charing, and efficiency is all very low.
In recent years, dry, the charing upgrading of brown coal receive much concern, this be because, global brown coal geologic reserve is about 4,000,000,000,000 tons, account for global coal geological exploration reserves 40% a little less than.According to the statistics in 20 end of the centurys, China is existing verifies 1,300 hundred million tons of brown coal retained reserves, accounts for 13% left and right of national coal total reserves.Reserves are huge.And depth of burial is shallow, minable coal seam is thick, most suitable strip mining transformation, and production safety, cost of winning is low.
But its calorific value low (generally between 2700-3600Kcal/kg), moisture high (total water is between 26-40%), run-of-mine coal (ROM coal) is soft, and porosity is large, and easily cracked, specific surface area is large, easy-weathering, oxidation, burning-point is low, and the ignition phase is shorter, outward transport difficulty.Inner Mongol is the brown coal main producing region of China, and according to planning, to the year two thousand twenty, the brown coal throughput of Inner Mongol will reach 8,000 ten thousand tons/year, and mining area, Huo Lin river will become world-class super-huge brown coal surface mines.Due to Inner Mongol serious water shortage, can not a large amount of development electric power stations near coal-mines, institute's brown coal that produce must be transported outward.Unique selection is after low-quality brown coal upgrading, to transport outward.Develop the still task of top priority of efficient brown coal upgrading technology.
Water in brown coal has three classes, i.e. free water, inherent water and crystal water.When brown coal are heated to more than 100 ℃, most free water can be evaporated.When brown coal continue to be heated to more than 150 ℃ under normal pressure, brown coal start to be removed in conjunction with water (inherent water), and hydroxy functional group (being mainly-COOH) decomposes, and separates out CO
2gas is got rid of the combination water of brown coal (inherent water) simultaneously.Further improve temperature, will cause increasing hydroxy functional group to decompose, thereby cause that the surface properties of brown coal changes.Crystal water is the water coexisting with ash, at higher temperature, could decompose.
Upgraded brown coal for without way far away outward transport, for example, for the brown coal of electric power stations near coal-mines, only need to remove free water.Need the upgraded brown coal of way far away outward transport, the essential dehydration degree of depth that improves, easily gets damp because only remove the brown coal of free water.Under higher Heating temperature, because a large amount of hydroxy functional groups decomposes, cause the pore of brown coal inside decay and produce crosslinked.Pore decays and can stop moisture to enter pore; Crosslinking reaction can seal pore, stops the pore decaying to expand when absorbing moisture again.In addition, when brown coal temperature is heated to more than 200 ℃, its surface-area can greatly reduce.The major cause that surface-area reduces is due to the strong migration that causes the tar of brown coal inside under high temperature drying condition, and tar is moved to pore is outside by pore inside.Move to the tar of pore outside in process of cooling, due to tar condensing, thereby pore is sealed, and the surface-area of brown coal is reduced.
Due to said process, pore collapses, and crosslinked and tar migration forms sealing to pore, and result brown coal become more and more hydrophobic, also can observe the sclerosis of brown coal simultaneously, and this also causes the formation of the rigid structure of brown coal.Its result is exactly that brown coal can be converted to hard coal from cherry coal, is converted to hydrophobicity, thereby can realizes the long-distance transport of brown coal by wetting ability.
This best upgrading temperature of brown coal is a kind of speciality of brown coal, and some brown coal may be 250 ℃, and some brown coal are possibly up to more than 550 ℃, reach the required temperature of low-temperature pyrolysis, and this should be determined by experiment.Therefore, the utility model does not add restriction to this best upgrading temperature of brown coal.
Knownly take long-distance outward transport and have multiple as object brown coal upgrading technology.
They can be classified as follows:
1. heating method:
1.1 gaseous heat-carriers, they have:
Cylinder upgrading; Vibrating mixed flow upgrading; Band oven upgrading; U.S.'s MR & E company brown coal upgrading (LFC) technology; Vertical shaft type stove.
1.2 solid thermal carriers: the solid thermal carriers low-temperature pyrolysis technique of Dalian University of Technology, in the eighties in last century, made the type approval test of 20T/d, at present at the preliminary stage that carries out the Industrial demonstration project of 500 tons/year.Still there is one to improve and ripening process.
China Datang state can be dried company limited's improved commercialization upgrading furnace that has built up 1200T/d on the basis of lurgi gasifier by coal, goes through test more than 3 years, up to unsuccessful.Vertical shaft type stove is a kind of essential industry stove of processing lumpy material.As blast furnace, gas furnace, vertical limestone kiln, coal and oily female Ye Yan low-temperature pyrolysis stove ... there is large-scale industrial application.Flowing law for cloth, gas distribution and heat transfer, mass transfer and the gas of this class stove all has deep research.For the brown coal that bonding does not occur in hot procedure, it is first-selected industrial furnace.This be due to: in vertical shaft type stove gaseous heat-carrier and processed blocks of solid directly, countercurrent flow, overall heat transfer coefficient is large, hot-work product (as water vapor, coal gas and tar) is out arranged with the gas band rising, blocks of solid material automatically moves down by gravity in stove, without additional mechanical force, with corresponding mechanism, and it is large to process intensity.
But vertical shaft type stove is generally not less than 15mm to the granularity of raw material, the wear resistance of raw material and collapsing property of heat are had to strict requirement, otherwise the obstruction that can cause because of dust has a strong impact on operation.
Another significant drawback of vertical shaft type stove is, gaseous heat-carrier directly contacts with raw material, mix with pyrolysis gaseous product, make the interior gaseous substance volumetric flow rate of stove very large, increase fluid resistance, make temperature layer in stove distribute difficult, increase combustion gas intractability and the expense of coming out of the stove, reduce the calorific value of the combustion gas of coming out of the stove.
2 mechanical process, they have:
Hot evaporation; Mechanical dehydration method; Hot pressing evaporation
China Sunpower Inc. brown coal upgrading commerical test project, the outdoor mineral products brown coal of Sunpower Inc. are become after 3 millimeters of following raw coal by two-stage fragmentation, by drying extrusion molding, be Filter Tuber For Clean Coal again, more than thermal value is promoted to 5500kcal/kg by the 3700kcal/kg by original.At present, still there is one to improve and ripening process.
Recently gac is in great demand, and traditional production method is inadaptable needs, and new process for preparing activated carbon and equipment receive much concern.The patent application of up to a hundred is disclosed both at home and abroad.They have aimed at two objects: the one, seek cheap recycling waste, the mud, organic solid waste, the agricultural stalk that for example utilize sewage work to produce ... manufacture gac; Another is to seek a kind of serialization, maximization, simple in structure, reliable, energy-conserving and environment-protective, can make to be dried, charing, activation integral commercially produce device.
Emphasis has in the important patent of seeking cheap recycling waste:
Chinese patent CN2010101224726 discloses < < H type charring furnace and has produced the method > > of activated carbon from activated sludge and carbonated gas.Shortcoming is that active carbon finished products rate is low, have rotating mechanism in periodical operation, stove, yield poorly.
Chinese patent CN20101057413008 < < mud that Southeast China University proposes is prepared the method for gac and device > > and is disclosed that a kind of to take the sludge of sewage treatment plant that water content is 80% be raw material, adopt chemical activation, successively by making finished product technical process after step dipping still, drying machine, carbonization activator, washer and gac drying machine.The structure of unexposed equipment used and material be motion conditions in this process, and this application is a kind of design.Shortcoming is: adopt chemical activation, and etching apparatus, contaminate environment, solid substances loads and unloads in many intermittent apparatus, operates heavy backwardness, and running cost is high, and output is limited.
Chinese patent CN201110285895.4 that Nanjing University of Technology proposes discloses < < physical activation of excess sludge to be prepared the method > > main points that activate charcoal and is: a kind of by excess sludge through mechanical dehydration, dry, after sneaking into binding agent and carburetting material, stir, extrusion molding under 150MPa pressure, dry at 120 ℃ with activation exhaust, carbonization at dry 500 ℃ in carbide furnace again, carbonized product is sent to activation furnace again with after water vapor activates at 800 ℃, through cooling coming out of the stove, obtain finished product gac.Advantage is to turn waste into wealth, adopt physically activated, energy-conserving and environment-protective.But structure and material motion conditions in this process of the unexposed equipment used of this application, so this application do not possess industrialized implementation primary condition, is a kind of design.
Chinese patent 02112598.8 disclose < < municipal refuse produce gac method and carbide furnace > > main points be: by municipal refuse through thick broken, selection by winnowing, screening; Remove non-flammable inorganics; Organic solid waste pulverizing, dehydration are compressed into piece; Being incorporated in interior block refractory brick has outward in the cylinder of water jacket, from top to bottom be divided into destructive distillation zone of oxidation, reducing zone, carburization zone and active layer, finished product gac is discharged by the outlet of bottom sidepiece through staged fire grate, the inflammable gas that process produces also by the escape pipe of being located at furnace bottom central authorities through aspirating outer row, destructive distillation is oxidized required combustion air, by stove item charging opening, is sucked.Yet material balance and the energy balance of three embodiment that specification sheets provides are doubtful, and in Figure of description, high temperature active charcoal, without cooling outer row, is not mentioned spontaneous combustion, is worth waiting to suspect yet.
The Chinese patent 201210003979.9 that Xiamen University proposes discloses < < and from refuse pyrolysis solid, has prepared the method > > of gac and oxide composite absorbing material, its main points are: rubbish is removed after macrobead thing stone, glass, pulverize and sieve and obtain the slag of 0.5mm, be placed in and in porcelain boat, deliver to use for laboratory tubular type process furnace, under protection of inert gas, be heated to 400-700, charing 0.5-4 hour, takes out after cooling; Carbonizing production is placed in porcelain boat for 1-4 water doubly mixes in mass ratio, delivers in use for laboratory tubular type process furnace, under protection of inert gas; be heated to 700-1000, pass into carbonic acid gas, its flow control is at 50-300ml/min; the residence time is 0.5-2 hour, is finished product after cooling.In finished product, gac content is about 20%, and all the other are the oxide compounds such as calcium oxide, silicon oxide, ferric oxide.
The advantage of this patent is to turn waste into wealth, adopt physically activated, energy-conserving and environment-protective.But this application still needs to be done industrialization development.
200810123383.6 of China Mining University's proposition discloses < < municipal sludge and agricultural wastes process for preparing active carbon by co-decomposition > >, main points are: under laboratory condition, agricultural wastes are mixed by a certain percentage with municipal sludge, in isolated air, be heated to 350-500, constant temperature 10-20 minute, can obtain the activated carbon product that iodine number is 400-435mg/g after cooling.This application still needs to be done industrialization development.
The Chinese patent 201010159906.X that Southeast China University proposes discloses < < pyrolyzing municipal sludge and has prepared bio oil and gac > > simultaneously, main points are: the bed material that the dewatered sludge that is 0.5-1mm by granularity and granularity are 1-2mm is in fluidisation pyrolysis reactor, under dry 400-500, carry out charing, activation, outlet product is isolated gac through cyclonic separator, non-condensable gas containing bio oil is condensed in condenser, non-condensable gas returns to pyrolysis reactor as fluidized wind and returning charge wind, it is said that still having rich non-condensable gas to can be used as combustion gas supplies outward.
But this patent is worth querying, in system, there is no air supply, and it is said that non-condensable gas is a kind of inflammable gas, even if the thermal source of pyrolysis reactor what come free tympanites to enter combustion-supporting, the high-temperature gas of pyrolysis reactor outlet is completely cooling by condenser, the thermo-efficiency of system is certainly not high, and still to have ash a series of engineerings stifled and high dust-laden oil be also insoluble.
The Chinese patent 201110083062.X that Dalian University of Technology proposes discloses < < organic matter pyrolysis and has produced its main points of method > > of gac and be: organism is sent to pyrolysis installation after utilizing system waste heat dry, pyrolysis gaseous product is through high-temp. vortex device, (object is to make the further cracking of tar for high-temperature dust removing device and reformer, to increase combustion gas output), utilize the sensible heat of reformation gaseous product, the organism that will wet is dry in drying installation, reformation gaseous product is through purifying, accumulator unit, cold combustible gas some is as thermal source, in regenerative apparatus by another part gas heating to high temperature, as gaseous heat-carrier, in pyrolysis installation by organic matter pyrolysis, the coke that gaseous heat-carrier also produces pyrolysis as activator simultaneously activates, obtain gac.
The advantage of this patent is to turn waste into wealth, and adopts physically activated.But the critical data of this application, for example: pyrolytical condition, the condition of reorganization, activation condition, the structure of all key equipments is all unexposed, only discloses the skeleton diagram of process, still needs to be done industrialization development.
Emphasis seeking to make to be dried, the important patent of commercially producing device of charing, activation integral has:
Chinese patent 201110225201.8 < < carbonization-activation integral stove > > disclose a kind ofly take coal and prepares the carbonization-activation integral stove of gac as raw material.Its main points are: in having the vertical shaft type stove of dryer section, charing section and activation section, feed coal is dried successively, charing, activation, and activator is water vapor.Its shortcoming has: 1. dryer section, charing section and activation section arrange respectively three independent heat supplies in combustion chamber, and equipment is many, controls complexity, all embeds again in furnace wall, and maintenance difficult, does not meet energy principle for classification; 2. combustion product gases directly contacts with raw material as thermal barrier, sneaks in the raw gas of charing section generation and the water-gas of activation section generation, reduced their calorific value, and the inside and outside gas circulation amount of stove is very large, and air resistance is increased, and band is seriously grey; 3. the cooling section of gac is not set, the very easily spontaneous combustion of high temperature active charcoal of discharge in stove.
The Chinese patent 200910209698.7 that Shenhua Group proposes discloses < < carbonization-activation integral method for prodn. of activated carbon and equipment > > thereof, its main points are: the coal (hard coal, bituminous coal or brown coal) of separating at a high speed grain is sneaked into coal-tar pitch moulding, fragmentation after preoxidation, in rotary type stove, through preheating, dry, charing, activation and cooling, obtain finished product gac.
The advantage of this patent is, through preoxidation under oxygen-enriched environment, makes coal possess preliminary adsorptive power in coal, sneaks into the carburetting of solid coal pitch and improves self-supporting heat, and self-produced combustion gas is without aftertreatment, burning immediately.Shortcoming is to adopt rotary type stove, complex structure, and power consumption is large, and the fill factor of material is little.
Chinese patent 200910301585.X discloses mono-kind of < < and has produced carbonization-activation integral stove > > for gac, its main points are: in a high square shaft stove, raw coal from top to bottom, pass through successively preheating chamber, coking chamber, activating chamber and cooling room, finally become finished product gac and discharged by furnace bottom.
But this patent application be worth to be queried, tool claim " high-temperature flue gas that coking chamber is discharged carries out secondary combustion in heat accumulation chamber, and the heat then burning being produced imports activating chamber ... "But in specification sheets and Figure of description,, not for the essential gas inlet of burning, and how about the primary combustion air that carries out wherein primary combustion send in addition and still have the conflicting part in many places in specification sheets, do not list one by one.
We think this patent application tool implement may, intentional underground its key content of applicant only.
The Chinese patent 201010181027.7 that Zhejiang Prov. Forest Science Inst proposes discloses a kind of method and carbon activation furnace > > of < < powdery wood material Physical preparing active carbon.Its main points are: by after the granulation of powdery wood material, join the many charcoal activation tubes made from refractory materials intrafascicular, tube bank is outer is high-temp combustion flue, are provided with central row tracheae in order to collect, to derive self-produced combustion gas in pipe, are self-supporting thermal source.Activation steam is sent into raw material by charcoal activation tube top, and finished product is discharged by bottom.
The advantage of this application is: can continuous integrated production, and energy-autarchic, shortcoming is the refractory materials manufacture of charcoal activation tube, and heat transfer efficiency is low, and equipment is heavy.
Chinese patent 201120224656.3 discloses < < Novel integral activation furnace > >.Its main points are: the shell solid carbon thing of take is raw material, through furnace top bin, pack in a plurality of hoppers arranged side by side, between hopper, there are a plurality of flues arranged side by side, form one as the square furnace of coking furnace, each hopper is followed successively by preheating section, charing section, activation section and cooling section from top to down, there is feeder on each hopper top, and there is blanking device bottom.Between hopper and flue, with quarl, build by laying bricks or stones, the combustible gas that charing section and activation section produce can enter into flue by hopper by the passage of quarl, with the air combustion sucking, for the need of raw material preheating, charing, activation.At activation section, with superheated vapour, activate.
The advantage of this patent is: can realize preheating, charing, activation integralization and produce continuously, self-produced combustion gas is burning nearby directly, and shortcoming is: refractory brick thermal conductivity is low, and equipment is heavy.
The Chinese patent 98101798.3 that China Coal Research Institute proposes discloses a kind of method > > of < < producing activated carbon with vertical furnace, its main points are: feed coal adds from the top of vertical type stove, along stove and under, be dried successively, by furnace bottom, discharged hot waste gas, water vapor CO after charing, activation
2and O
2the composite activating agent forming, is sent into by furnace bottom, carries out counter current contact, heat exchange with feed coal.
This application only discloses the skeleton diagram of process, and a large amount of engineering technology problems are all unexposed, and the flow that claim 1 defines composite activating agent is 300-500m
3/ h and be 4-16 hour at residing time in furnace, and do not provide treatment capacity, the data value of carrying must be queried.We think, this applies for not having implementation condition.
The Chinese patent 200910310173.2 that Dalian University of Technology proposes discloses < < preparing activated carbon by using organic wastes integrated apparatus and method > >.Its main points are: organic waste are made gac after pyrolysis bed bioreactor and activated reactor effect, two reactors adopt the heating of external-heat spiral flue, and thermal source is self-produced combustion gas, in two reactors, is provided with electric mixer, for stirring and advancing material, use hyperthermia and superheating steam activation.
This application advantage is to realize continuous integrated production gac, and shortcoming is that the moving equipment of high temperature is many; Volumetric efficiency is low..
In sum, all there is such and such shortcoming in the method and apparatus of existing, charing dry about solid carbon thing, activation integral.
Perfect solid carbon thing is dry, the method and apparatus of charing, activation integral, should possess following advantage simultaneously:
1. the type of furnace adopts vertical shaft type, material by conducting oneself with dignity along stove under, be dried, charing, activation, cooling, advantage is: running gear is few, energy consumption is low, volumetric efficiency and thermo-efficiency are high;
2. dry, the charing of solid carbon thing, the required heat of reactivation process should adopt external-heat to conduct heat, and advantage is: furnace gas flow is little, and resistance is low, can process small particle powder shape raw material, and self-produced combustion gas is not diluted, and treatment capacity is little, and calorific value is high, reduces ash stifled;
3. high-temperature flue gas side arranges fin, and advantage is: can improve heat transfer coefficient, the compactedness of lift technique;
4. with metallic substance, replace refractory materials as heat exchange partition, this is that its advantage is that thermal conductivity is large because modern material science can provide working temperature for a long time higher than the metallic substance of 1000 ℃ (such as 310S etc.), cost is low, it is short to manufacture the simple and easy duration, and equipment is light and handy, and maintenance easily;
5. strong adaptability, can be according to the character of raw material, quantity, and the purposes flexible of object product, for example for take the electric power stations near coal-mines coal that brown coal are raw material, in the time of need carrying out coal dry, can only retain dryer section; As for take brown coal as the raw material defeated coal of using far away, need carry out the dry and charing of coal, can not activate; When the active sludge that Ru Yi sewage work produces or other solid carbon thing are produced gac, dry, charing, activation and cooling have been needed simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the shortcoming of prior art, the utility model provides that a kind of solid carbon thing is dry, charing, activation
Integration apparatus.It relies on integrated furnace to realize.
A kind of solid carbon thing is dry, charing, activation integral equipment, the type of furnace is vertical shaft type, is by material envelope section, dryer section, charing section, activation section, cooling section, the combination of unloading part and some transition sections forms, material by conducting oneself with dignity along stove under, drying section successively, charing section, activation section, cooling section, after unloading part, outer row, is characterized in that: be dried, charing, the heat that reactivation process is required, the high-temperature flue gas being come by a combustion chamber provides, and high-temperature flue gas from bottom to top, passes through activation section successively, charing section, outer row after dryer section, heat transfer type is external-heat, in dryer section, charing section and activation section conduct heat with plate type heat exchanger, described plate type heat exchanger is formed by two boards sheet closure, inside sidle flue gas and fin is set therein, with spacing device and stove inner flue journey space bar, make flue gas come and go away multipass between stove inner flue, at cooling section, water cooler is set, it is that a material is walked straight way, with central partition plate, makes water coolant walk the spiral-plate exchanger of two journeys, with metallic substance, as heat exchange partition, according to material, seal section, dryer section, charing section, activation section cooling section, the working temperature of unloading part is selected suitable metallic substance, and this is known technology, and the utility model does not give restriction.。
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and typical embodiment, the utility model will be further described.
Should illustrate, described drawings and Examples are for the utility model is described, not for limiting scope of the present utility model, after reading the utility model, as the utility model is made various changes or modifications, all belong to change or modification of equal value, be included in equally in the scope of the application's appended claims restriction.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the M-M sectional view of Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is the N view of Fig. 2, Fig. 4 is that the P of Fig. 2 is to view, Fig. 5 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 4, Fig. 6 is the B-B sectional view of Fig. 4, Fig. 7 is the C-C sectional view of Fig. 4, Fig. 8 is the D-D sectional view of Fig. 4, in figure: 1. a distributor, 2. dryer section furnace shell, 3. dryer section exhaust gas centralized gas hood, 4. dry waste gas relief outlet, 5. plate type heat exchanger, 6. inner journey space bar, 7. exhanst gas outlet, 8. secondary material distributing device, 9. stove inner flue, 10. stove inner flue journey space bar, 11. outreach flue, 12. fins, 13. spacing devices, 14. charing section furnace shells, 15. self-produced combustion gas gas skirts, 16. self-produced gas outlets, 17. activation section furnace shells, 18. activation steam inlets, 19 hemispherical domes, 20. high-temperature flue gas imports, 21. activation steam cloth gas hoods, 22. cooling section furnace shells, 23. water coolers, 24. cooling water outlets, 25. entrance of cooling water, 26. central dividing plates, 27. unloading machines, 28 cycle flues, 29. regulated valves.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the M-M sectional view of Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1, solid carbon thing is added by furnace roof, uniform through a distributor (1), along stove and under, through plate type heat exchanger (5), be heated to respectively 120-150 ℃ (dryer section), 450-700 ℃ (charing section), 150 ℃ of 800-1000 ℃ (activation section) and < (cooling section), finally discharged by unloading machine (27).Solid carbon thing various in style, has dry, charing, the activation temperature of specific the best separately, and concrete numerical value should be determined by experiment.Dry, the charing, the activation temperature scope that more than provide are reference values.
Process institute heat requirement, adopt cascade utilization, the single high-temperature flue gas being come by combustion chamber (not shown) is sent into from the high-temperature flue gas import (20) of activation section, from bottom to top, successively activated section, charing section and dryer section finally by exhanst gas outlet (7) with the treated rear outer row up to standard of blower fan.
The 900-1050 ℃ of flue gas by high-temperature flue gas import (20), first enter into the stove inner flue (9) of activation section, as required, in stove inner flue (9), be provided with stove inner flue journey space bar (10), so that flue gas flows (referring to Fig. 4 back and forth in the stove inner flue (9) of both sides, in figure, with 4 Cheng Wei, represent), leave the about 750-850 ℃ of flue-gas temperature of activation section, through outreaching flue (11), enter into the stove inner flue (9) of charing section, be provided with therein stove inner flue journey space bar (10), so that flue gas flows (referring to Fig. 4 back and forth in the stove inner flue (9) of both sides, in figure, with 4 Cheng Wei, represent), leave the about 250-400 ℃ of flue-gas temperature of charing section, for guaranteeing, in dryer section, pyrolysis does not occur, the flue-gas temperature that enters dryer section should be controlled at below 200 ℃, for this reason, outreaching on flue (11) between charing section and dryer section, be provided with cycle flue (28) and regulated valve (29), use the discharged gas fume by exhanst gas outlet (7) to regulate.
The activated steam cloth of the activation steam vapour cover (21) that activation steam inlet (18) is sent into is distributed in the bed of material.
The pyrolysis combustible gas that the water-gas that activation section produces and charing section produce is sent to inflammable gas cooling recovery system from self-produced gas outlet (16), makes tar separated from the gas.
Described plate type heat exchanger (5) be by up and down sealing, both-side opening two metal sheets combine, fin (12) is set in the middle of two metal sheets, spacing device (13), described spacing device (13) has the effect of flue gas journey space bar simultaneously, and both-side opening communicates with the stove inner flue (9) of both sides.
Described water cooler (23) is that a water coolant is walked spiral road, and material is walked the spiral-plate exchanger of straight way, with central partition plate (26), makes water coolant walk two journeys.
Beneficial effect
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: the type of furnace is vertical shaft type, by material deadweight along stove and under, in stove, there is no running gear, simple in structure, maintenance free, life-span are long; Dry, charing, activation, cooling, the required heat of process adopts cascade utilization, and thermal source is single, efficiency is high; External-heat conducts heat, and furnace gas amount is little, and resistance is low, can process dusty raw materials, and self-produced fuel gases calorific value is high; Gac productive rate is high.
Claims (3)
1. a solid carbon thing is dry, charing, activation integral equipment, the type of furnace is vertical shaft type, by material envelope section, dryer section, charing section, activation section, cooling section, unloading part and the combination of some transition sections form, material by deadweight along stove and under, drying section successively, charing section, activation section, cooling section, outer row after unloading part, it is characterized in that: be dried, charing, activation, the high-temperature flue gas that the required heat of process of cooling is come by a combustion chamber provides, high-temperature flue gas from bottom to top, pass through successively activation section, charing section, outer row after dryer section, heat transfer type is external-heat, with plate type heat exchanger and spiral-plate exchanger, conduct heat, the pyrolysis combustible gas that the water-gas that activation section produces and charing section produce is sent to inflammable gas cooling recovery system from self-produced gas outlet (16).
2. dry, the charing of solid carbon thing according to claim 1, activation integral equipment, it is characterized in that: described dryer section, charing section, the heat exchange element of the plate type heat exchanger in activation section (5) be by up and down sealing, both-side opening two metal sheets combine, both-side opening communicates with the stove inner flue (9) of both sides, fin (12) is set in its high-temperature flue gas side, with spacing device (13) and stove inner flue journey space bar (10), makes flue gas come and go away multipass between stove inner flue (9).
3. dry, the charing of solid carbon thing according to claim 1, activation integral equipment, it is characterized in that: the water cooler in described cooling section (23) is that a water coolant is walked spiral road, material is walked the spiral-plate exchanger of straight way, with central partition plate (26), makes water coolant walk two journeys.
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| CN103922334A (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2014-07-16 | 吴植仁 | Method and device for preparing active carbon by white spirit grains |
| CN104132525A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2014-11-05 | 北京广厦环能科技有限公司 | Powder material drying and cooling integrated device |
| CN104787762A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-07-22 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Method and system for producing activated carbon through pyrolysis of water-bearing organic matter |
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| CN107903917A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-04-13 | 广州中天联合高新技术发展有限公司 | A kind of effective integrated retort of vacuum |
| CN107903917B (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2024-01-05 | 广州中天联合高新技术发展有限公司 | Vacuum efficient integrated carbonization furnace |
| CN109161389A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2019-01-08 | 湖北师范大学 | A kind of self weight spiral progressive biomass high-efficiency energy-saving pyrolysis system |
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