CN109161389B - Self-weight spiral progressive biomass efficient energy-saving pyrolysis system - Google Patents
Self-weight spiral progressive biomass efficient energy-saving pyrolysis system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109161389B CN109161389B CN201810932483.7A CN201810932483A CN109161389B CN 109161389 B CN109161389 B CN 109161389B CN 201810932483 A CN201810932483 A CN 201810932483A CN 109161389 B CN109161389 B CN 109161389B
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/18—Modifying the properties of the distillation gases in the oven
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
The self-weight spiral progressive biomass high-efficiency energy-saving pyrolysis system comprises a pyrolysis furnace, a material distribution box (23), an air cooler and a water cooling system, wherein an outlet of the material distribution box (23) is communicated with a feeding hole of the pyrolysis furnace, a biomass charcoal discharging hole at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace is communicated with a material inlet at the upper part of the air cooler, and a material outlet at the lower part of the air cooler is communicated with a feeding hole of the water cooling system; the middle part is provided with inner tube (2) and urceolus (3) in furnace body (1) of pyrolysis oven, and the feed inlet that corresponds furnace body (1) at inner tube (2) top is provided with toper tripper (4), is provided with pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube (5) in inner tube (2), pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube (5) export and pyrolysis gas export (6) intercommunication, flue gas export (7) and hot flue gas import (8) all communicate with inner tube (2) inner chamber. The heat transfer interaction is high in heat utilization efficiency, and the cascade utilization of energy is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pyrolysis system, in particular to a dead-weight spiral progressive biomass efficient energy-saving pyrolysis system, and belongs to the technical field of biomass energy.
Background
Biomass is an organic substance that absorbs carbon dioxide in the air by photosynthesis to produce. It is widely distributed, available in large quantities, and is the only renewable, storable natural fuel containing hydrocarbon components and thermal energy.
The biomass pyrolysis technology is used as a clean and efficient conversion technology, can be used for preparing different fuels or chemical and material products such as biological natural gas, biological oil, biological carbon and the like, and is an important research direction in the world. At present, an external pyrolysis device heat exchange process is generally adopted, and the materials have insufficient pyrolysis, longer reaction time, complex gas components, low gas heat value and lower quality of liquid and solid products due to short residence time of the materials in a pyrolysis furnace and small heat exchange area of the materials and a furnace body; therefore, the biomass pyrolysis device has low production efficiency, more and complex devices and high investment, operation and maintenance costs, and greatly limits the popularization and application of biomass pyrolysis technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-weight spiral progressive biomass efficient energy-saving pyrolysis system, aiming at the problems of low production efficiency, multiple and complex devices, high cost and the like in the existing heat exchange process of an external pyrolysis device.
The invention adopts the technical proposal to realize the aim that: the utility model provides a high-efficient energy-conserving pyrolysis system of dead weight spiral progressive living beings, includes pyrolysis oven, divides workbin, air cooler and water cooling system, the workbin import be biomass raw materials import, divide workbin export and pyrolysis oven feed inlet intercommunication, just divide and be provided with the second grade valve of unloading between workbin export and the pyrolysis oven feed inlet, pyrolysis oven bottom living beings charcoal discharge gate and air cooler upper portion material import intercommunication, the material export of air cooler lower part and water cooling system's feed inlet intercommunication.
The pyrolysis oven include the furnace body, the furnace body top is provided with the feed inlet, the middle part is provided with inner tube and urceolus in the furnace body, the inner tube barrel cover put in the urceolus, the inner tube top corresponds the feed inlet of furnace body and is provided with the toper tripper, be provided with pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube in the inner tube, the inner chamber of inner tube and pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube's inner chamber do not communicate, pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube top be the export, pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube bottom is the import, furnace body upper portion be provided with pyrolysis gas export and flue gas export, the furnace body lower part is provided with hot flue gas import, pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube export and pyrolysis gas export intercommunication, flue gas export and hot flue gas import all communicate with the inner tube inner chamber.
The flue gas guide plates are hollow plates with openings at two ends, one end of each flue gas guide plate is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner cylinder, the other end of each flue gas guide plate is communicated with a cavity between the furnace body and the outer cylinder, outer guide partition plates are arranged on every other two layers of flue gas guide plates between the furnace body and the outer cylinder, inner guide partition plates are arranged on every other two layers of flue gas guide plates between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, the outer guide partition plates and the inner guide partition plates are arranged in a staggered mode, a flue gas outlet is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner cylinder through the uppermost layer of flue gas guide plates, and a hot flue gas inlet is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner cylinder through the bottommost layer of flue gas guide plates.
The included angle between the upper and lower adjacent flue gas guide plates in the same group is 10 degrees.
The top outlet of the corresponding pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube is provided with a gas guide plate between the outer tube and the inner tube, the gas guide plate is a hollow plate with two open ends, one end opening of the gas guide plate is communicated with the inner cavity of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube, and the other end opening of the gas guide plate is communicated with the cavity between the furnace body and the outer tube.
The air cooler comprises an outer box body and an inner box body, a closed cavity is formed between the outer box body and the inner box body, a closed barrel body is arranged in the inner box body, a plurality of layers of air cooling guide plates are arranged between the inner box body and the barrel body, the air cooling guide plates are hollow plates with two open ends, one end of each air cooling guide plate is communicated with the inner cavity of the barrel body, the other end of each air cooling guide plate is communicated with the cavity between the outer box body and the inner box body, a cold air natural suction inlet communicated with the cavity between the outer box body and the inner box body is arranged at the bottom of the outer box body, a heating air outlet communicated with the cavity between the outer box body and the inner box body is arranged at the upper part of the outer box body, and a separation plate is arranged in the cavity between the outer box body and the inner box body corresponding to the adjacent air cooling guide plates.
The water cooling system comprises a water cooling box body and a quick cooling water-saving box, a material inlet of the water cooling box body is a material inlet of the water cooling system, a material outlet of the lower part of the water cooling box body is communicated with the material inlet of the quick cooling water-saving box, and a biochar outlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the quick cooling water-saving box.
The water cooling tank bottom be provided with the water-cooling tank water inlet, water-cooling tank upper portion is provided with the water-cooling tank delivery port, water-cooling tank water inlet and water-cooling tank delivery port respectively with water-cooling tank outer wall pipeline intercommunication, the water-cooling tank water inlet pass through valve I and outside moisturizing cooling system intercommunication, water-cooling tank delivery port and quick-cooling water-saving tank's pipe wall pipeline intercommunication, quick-cooling adjusting tank in be provided with the auger box, the auger box in be provided with hollow paddle auger machine, the feed inlet of auger box is the feed inlet of cold-cooling water-saving tank, the discharge gate and the biological charcoal outlet pipe intercommunication of auger box, quick-cooling adjusting tank's pipe wall pipeline bottom is provided with cold transfer tank water inlet and cold transfer tank delivery port respectively, cold transfer tank water inlet pass through valve II and outside moisturizing cooling system intercommunication, cold transfer tank delivery port pass through valve III and outside play water circulation system intercommunication, hollow paddle auger machine be connected with the motor.
The quick-cooling adjusting water tank is internally provided with a temperature sensor, a pipeline which is communicated with a pipe wall pipeline of the quick-cooling adjusting water tank through a water outlet of the water cooling tank is provided with a temperature receiving flow controller and a flow adjusting valve, and the temperature sensor is electrically connected with the temperature receiving flow controller.
The inlet of the central pipeline of the hollow blade auger is communicated with an external water supplementing cooling system through a valve IV, and the universal rotary joint of the central pipeline of the hollow blade auger is communicated with an external water outlet circulating system through a valve V.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the spiral structure formed by the materials and the products in the pyrolysis furnace through the multi-layer flue gas guide plates carries out coiling and discharging according to the self weight and the overall non-uniformity, so that the continuous production of the materials through the self weight is realized; the spiral structure formed by the multi-layer flue gas guide plates improves the heat exchange area of the materials, effectively shortens the pyrolysis time, improves the heat value of fuel gas, uniformly heats and fully reacts the materials, and improves the pyrolysis rate of the materials; the residence time of the materials in the pyrolysis furnace is prolonged, so that the materials react more fully; meanwhile, a complex mechanical operation device is not needed, so that energy consumption is reduced, and the reliability of safe and stable operation of the system is improved.
2. In the invention, a spiral structure formed by a plurality of layers of flue gas guide plates is adopted to increase the heat exchange area of materials and strengthen the internal and external reactions of the winding structure; the internal and external heating is carried out by adopting a high-temperature flue gas baffling mode, the pyrolysis reaction of materials in a heating pipe is promoted, and the heat utilization efficiency is high. Solves the problems of small heat exchange area and low fuel gas value existing in the prior pyrolysis device which adopts semi-gasification direct combustion and indirect external heating to exchange heat.
3. According to the invention, materials are fully pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis furnace, pyrolysis gas is downwards conveyed and is influenced by air cooling for cooling, a secondary pyrolysis reaction is carried out on the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube under the influence of the high temperature of the reaction zone, the trend of the pyrolysis gas is similar to U-shaped, the overall heat exchange efficiency of the system is improved, the heat value of fuel gas is effectively improved, and clean high-quality fuel gas is produced.
4. The invention adopts a high-temperature flue gas baffling heat exchange mode to synchronously heat the inside and the outside, the flue gas temperature of the lower layer hot flue gas inlet is high, so that materials are fully pyrolyzed, the upper layer flue gas temperature is relatively low, the materials are subjected to preliminary reaction, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas in the flue gas guide plate is gradually reduced from bottom to top, and finally, the high-temperature flue gas is conveyed to a drying furnace and a material lifting system, and waste heat is fully utilized; the pyrolysis gas is subjected to secondary reaction at the high temperature section of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube, heat is transferred to the outside of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube in the upward discharging process, the temperature is gradually reduced, and finally the pyrolysis gas is finally conveyed to a combustion furnace, a boiler and a gas generator to supply power and heat in multiple ways for steam, so that the comprehensive utilization value is improved. Therefore, the whole pyrolysis furnace has heat transfer interaction, the heat utilization efficiency is high, and the cascade utilization of energy is realized.
5. The invention uses the air cooler to perform preliminary cooling, and the water cooling system uses tap water with relatively low temperature to indirectly further reduce the temperature of biomass charcoal; ensuring the acquisition of high-quality biochar and improving the quality of products.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the hot flue gas flow of the pyrolysis furnace according to the invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the hot flue gas profile of the inner barrel of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the hot flue gas profile of the outer cartridge of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of pyrolysis gas flow in a pyrolysis furnace according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the pyrolysis gas flow of the inner drum in the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the trend of the pyrolysis gas of the outer cylinder in the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an air cooler in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the water cooling system of the present invention.
In the figure, a furnace body 1, an inner cylinder 2, an outer cylinder 3, a conical distributor 4, a pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5, a pyrolysis gas outlet 6, a flue gas outlet 7, a hot flue gas inlet 8, a flue gas guide plate 9, a gas guide plate 10, an outer guide baffle 11, an inner guide baffle 12, a wire level gauge 13, an expansion joint 14, a dust cleaning hole 15, an outer box 16, an inner box 17, a cylinder 18, an air cooling guide plate 19, a heating air outlet 20, a separation plate 21, an air cooling observation hole 22, a distribution box 23, a water cooling box 24, a rapid cooling water saving box 25, a charcoal outlet tube 26, a valve I27, a temperature sensor 28, a temperature receiving flow controller 29, a flow regulating valve 30, a hollow blade auger 31, a valve II 32, a valve III, a motor 34, a valve IV 35, a valve V36 and a secondary discharge valve 37.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1, a biomass high-efficiency energy-saving pyrolysis system comprises a pyrolysis furnace, a distribution box 23, an air cooler and a water cooling system. The inlet of the material distribution box 23 is a biomass raw material inlet, and the outlet of the material distribution box 23 is communicated with the feeding port of the pyrolysis furnace; and a secondary discharge valve 37 is arranged between the outlet of the material distribution box 23 and the feeding port of the pyrolysis furnace. The biomass charcoal discharge port at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace is communicated with the material inlet at the upper part of the air cooler, and the material outlet at the lower part of the air cooler is communicated with the feed inlet of the water cooling system.
Referring to fig. 1, the pyrolysis furnace comprises a furnace body 1, and a feed inlet is arranged at the top of the furnace body 1. The middle part is provided with inner tube 2 and urceolus 3 in the furnace body 1, inner tube 2 barrel cover put in urceolus 3, inner tube 2 top is provided with toper tripper 4 corresponding to the feed inlet of furnace body 1. The inner cylinder 2 is internally provided with a pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5, and the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 2 is not communicated with the inner cavity of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5; the top of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5 is an outlet, and the bottom of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5 is an inlet. The upper portion of the furnace body 1 is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet 6 and a flue gas outlet 7, the lower portion of the furnace body 1 is provided with a hot flue gas inlet 8, an outlet of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5 is communicated with the pyrolysis gas outlet 6, and the flue gas outlet 7 and the hot flue gas inlet 8 are communicated with an inner cavity of the inner cylinder 2.
Referring to fig. 1, in particular, a plurality of groups of spiral structures formed by up-and-down interlacing of a plurality of layers of flue gas guide plates 9 are arranged between the outer cylinder 3 and the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5; the flue gas deflector 9 is a hollow plate with two open ends, one end of the flue gas deflector 9 is open and communicated with the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 2, and the other end of the flue gas deflector 9 is open and communicated with the cavity between the furnace body 1 and the outer cylinder 3. An outer guide baffle 11 is arranged between the furnace body 1 and the outer cylinder 3 at every other two layers of flue gas guide plates 9, an inner guide baffle 12 is arranged between the inner cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder 3 at every other two layers of flue gas guide plates 9, and the outer guide baffle 11 and the inner guide baffle 12 are arranged in a staggered manner; the flue gas outlet 7 is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 2 through the uppermost flue gas guide plate 9, and the hot flue gas inlet 8 is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 2 through the lowermost flue gas guide plate 9. Further, the included angle between the upper and lower adjacent flue gas guide plates 9 in the same group is 10 degrees, so that the flue gas guide plates 9 in the same group are in a progressive multi-winding spiral structure as a whole.
Referring to fig. 1, specifically, a gas guide plate 10 is disposed between the outer cylinder 3 and the inner cylinder 2 at the top outlet of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5, the gas guide plate 10 is a hollow plate with two open ends, one open end of the gas guide plate 10 is communicated with the inner cavity of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5, and the other open end of the gas guide plate 10 is communicated with the cavity between the furnace body 1 and the outer cylinder 3. And an isolation guide plate is arranged between the inner cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder 3 corresponding to the gas guide plate 10 and the flue gas guide plate 9.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the pyrolysis furnace exchanges heat with biomass materials through a flue gas guide plate 9 heated by high-temperature flue gas, so as to realize pyrolysis of the biomass materials; the flue gas guide plate 9 of the hollow plate structure is used for passing hot flue gas and heating the hot flue gas. The hot flue gas at 950 ℃ from the combustion furnace enters the pyrolysis furnace from the hot flue gas inlet 8, and the flue gas is discharged from the flue gas outlet 7, namely, the high-temperature flue gas enters from the lower part of the pyrolysis section and goes out from the upper part of the pyrolysis section, and the massive biomass raw material is gradually heated and pyrolyzed by heat conduction, so that the final products are pyrolysis gas and pyrolytic carbon. The outer guide baffle 11 between the furnace body 1 and the outer cylinder 3 directionally controls the smoke to circulate, thereby achieving the purpose of manually controlling the trend of heat exchange of hot smoke; the flue gas guide plate 9 is heated from bottom to top according to the Z-shaped trend, so that biomass materials are in large-area contact with the heated flue gas guide plate 9, and the heat transfer efficiency of the hot flue gas in the flue gas guide plate 9 to the materials is effectively realized.
Referring to fig. 1, 5-7, the pyrolysis furnace carries out coiling and blanking along with materials in the pyrolysis furnace, and generated pyrolysis gas is transferred downwards; the temperature of the flue gas is reduced under the influence of air cooling, and the temperature of the pyrolysis gas finally gathered at the lower part of the furnace body 1 is 300-400 ℃. The pyrolysis gas is gradually conveyed upwards in a pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5, the trend of the pyrolysis gas is similar to U shape, the high temperature area of the secondary pyrolysis tube is 500-600 ℃, the pyrolysis gas is subjected to secondary pyrolysis, and the reaction is sufficient; the heat is continuously transferred to the pyrolysis furnace in the upward conveying process of the pyrolysis gas, the temperature is gradually reduced to about 400 ℃, and finally the pyrolysis gas is conveyed to a combustion furnace, a boiler, a gas generator and other equipment from the pyrolysis gas outlet 6 to supply power, heat and steam in multiple ways, so that the comprehensive utilization value of the pyrolysis gas is improved.
Referring to fig. 8, the air cooler comprises an outer box 16 and an inner box 17, wherein a closed cavity is formed between the outer box 16 and the inner box 17, a closed cylinder 18 is arranged in the inner box 17, and a biochar channel is formed between the inner box 17 and the cylinder 18. A plurality of layers of air cooling guide plates 19 are arranged between the inner box body 17 and the cylinder body 18, the air cooling guide plates 19 are hollow plates with two open ends, one end of each air cooling guide plate 19 is open and communicated with the inner cavity of the cylinder body 18, and the other end of each air cooling guide plate 19 is open and communicated with the cavity between the outer box body 16 and the inner box body 17; the air cooling guide plates 19 are designed to be sheet-shaped and symmetrically arranged, and can be contacted with the biochar in the largest area, so that the temperature of the biochar is reduced, and the comprehensive utilization rate of energy is improved. The bottom of the outer box 16 is provided with a cold air natural suction inlet communicated with a cavity between the outer box 16 and the inner box 17, the upper part of the outer box 16 is provided with a heating air outlet 20 communicated with a cavity between the outer box 16 and the inner box 17, and a separation plate 21 is arranged in the cavity between the outer box 16 and the inner box 17 corresponding to the adjacent air cooling guide plate 19.
Referring to fig. 9, the water cooling system comprises a water cooling tank 24 and a rapid cooling water-regulating tank 25, wherein a material inlet at the upper part of the water cooling tank 24 is a material inlet of the water cooling system, a material outlet at the lower part of the water cooling tank 24 is communicated with the material inlet of the rapid cooling water-regulating tank 25, and a biochar outlet pipe 26 is arranged at the bottom of the rapid cooling water-regulating tank 25.
Referring to fig. 9, a water cooling tank water inlet is formed in the bottom of the water cooling tank 24, a water cooling tank water outlet is formed in the upper portion of the water cooling tank 24, the water cooling tank water inlet and the water cooling tank water outlet are respectively communicated with an outer wall pipeline of the water cooling tank 24, the water cooling tank water inlet is communicated with an external water supplementing cooling system through a valve I27, and the water cooling tank water outlet is communicated with a pipe wall pipeline of the rapid cooling water-adjusting water-saving tank 25. The rapid cooling adjusting water tank 25 is internally provided with a packing auger box body, the packing auger box body is internally provided with a hollow blade packing auger 31, a feed inlet of the packing auger box body is a feed inlet of the rapid cooling adjusting water tank 25, and a discharge outlet of the packing auger box body is communicated with the biochar outlet pipe 26. The bottom of a pipe wall pipeline of the quick-cooling water-saving tank 25 is respectively provided with a cold-regulating tank water inlet and a cold-regulating tank water outlet, the cold-regulating tank water inlet is communicated with an external water supplementing cooling system through a valve II 32, the cold-regulating tank water outlet is communicated with an external water outlet circulating system through a valve III 33, and the hollow blade auger machine 31 is connected with a motor 34.
Referring to fig. 9, a temperature sensor 28 is disposed in the rapid cooling adjusting water tank 25, a temperature receiving flow controller 29 and a flow adjusting valve 30 are disposed on a pipeline of the water cooling tank, which is connected with a pipe wall pipeline of the rapid cooling adjusting water tank 25, and the temperature sensor 28 is electrically connected with the temperature receiving flow controller 29.
Referring to fig. 9, the inlet of the central pipeline of the hollow blade auger 31 is communicated with an external water supplementing cooling system through a valve iv 35, and the universal rotary joint of the central pipeline of the hollow blade auger 31 is communicated with an external water outlet circulating system through a valve v 36.
Referring to fig. 1 to 9, the system is operated by pulverizing biomass raw materials before the biomass raw materials are put into a pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis reaction. During pyrolysis, firstly, biomass raw materials are put into the material distribution box 23, reach the conical distributor 4 through the secondary discharge valve 37, and the biomass raw materials can uniformly fall into a cavity between the inner cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder 3 under the action of the conical distributor 4. The spiral structure formed by the staggered layers of the flue gas guide plates 9 greatly increases the contact area of materials in the pyrolysis furnace, so that the materials can realize continuous reaction under the action of self gravity; meanwhile, the same layer of flue gas guide plates 9 have different temperatures, so that the reaction degrees of materials are different, and the gravity is uneven, so that the falling speeds of the materials at different positions are different, and the occurrence of blockage is avoided. The initial water content of the materials entering the pyrolysis furnace is about 15%, and after primary reaction, the temperature is raised to 300-400 ℃ under the action of the waste heat of the smoke in the smoke guide plate 9 and the gaseous products of the secondary pyrolysis tube in the secondary pyrolysis tube 5 of the pyrolysis gas, so that the guarantee is provided for the complete reaction of the materials; then the reaction is carried out at the high temperature of 500-600 ℃ to realize the complete reaction. The biochar falling from the pyrolysis furnace has high temperature, and can be used and stored after being cooled; the air cooler performs primary cooling on the biochar, and the water cooling system indirectly further reduces the temperature of the biomass charcoal by using tap water with relatively low temperature. When the biological carbon cooling device works, biological carbon enters the inner box body 17 from a material inlet at the upper part of the air cooler, cold air enters the air cooling guide plate 19, and the biological carbon in the inner box body 17 is cooled to 200-300 ℃; at the same time, the temperature of the cold air is raised, and the cold air is conveyed into the combustion furnace through the heating air outlet 20, so that heat is provided for the combustion furnace, and the energy recycling is realized. Tap water in the water cooling system enters from a water pipe according to a water supplementing cooling system route, the flow direction of the tap water is controlled by a valve, and a part of tap water enters into a pipeline on the outer wall of the water cooling box 24 through a valve I27 and is filled in the pipeline, so that the tap water is in indirect contact heat exchange with biomass carbon, and the temperature of the biomass carbon is reduced to a certain extent; then, the temperature in the rapid cooling adjusting water tank 25 is measured by a temperature sensor 28 in the rapid cooling adjusting water tank 25 from the upper part of the water cooling tank 24 to the pipe wall pipeline of the rapid cooling adjusting water tank 25, and meanwhile, a temperature receiving flow controller 29 is observed to adjust a flow adjusting valve 30 so as to control the flow rate of water entering the rapid cooling adjusting water tank 25. The other part of tap water enters the central pipeline of the hollow blade auger 31 through a valve IV 35 and is filled, and tap water provided by an external water supplementing cooling system enters the rapid cooling water-saving tank 25 through a valve II 32, so that the rapid cooling water-saving tank 25 is filled with tap water from bottom to top; tap water on the wall of the central pipe finally flows back to the universal rotary joint of the central pipe and is controlled by a valve V36 to be discharged; tap water in the quick-cooling regulating water tank 25 is controlled by a valve III 33 and discharged; the temperature of the biochar is continuously reduced to 120-150 ℃ by the circulation of water in a water cooling system. Under the condition that the motor 34 provides power to enable the hollow blade auger 31 to rotate and push the biochar to advance, the central pipe wall and the pipe wall pipeline of the rapid cooling water-saving tank 25 are respectively fully contacted with the biochar for continuous direct cooling to achieve the rapid cooling effect, so that the temperature of the biochar is reduced to below 80 ℃; the biochar continuously enters the biochar outlet pipe 26 under the pushing of the hollow blade auger 31, and the process completely isolates air, so that high-quality biochar is ensured, and the product quality is improved.
Referring to fig. 1 to 9, the system realizes continuous feeding, drying and stable pyrolysis of waste by increasing or decreasing the number of the flue gas guide plates 9 in the pyrolysis furnace to change the production scale. The spiral structure formed by the multi-layer flue gas guide plates 9 in the pyrolysis furnace carries out coiling and discharging by depending on self weight and overall non-uniformity, and under the condition of isolating air, continuous pyrolysis production of materials through self gravity is realized, and solid carbon is produced. The internal and external heating is carried out by adopting a high-temperature flue gas internal and external baffling heat exchange mode, the heat utilization efficiency is high, macromolecules in the fuel gas are treated by secondary pyrolysis, the fuel gas impurities are reduced, the fuel gas heat value is improved, the fuel gas quality is improved to the maximum extent, and clean high-quality fuel gas is produced; the method has the advantages that the method has good application to heat supply, back combustion and power generation, and meanwhile, low-temperature flue gas is sent into a drying furnace to fully utilize waste heat, so that the cascade cyclic utilization of energy is realized; the method realizes the effective integration and the integrated operation of pyrolytic carbon and gas stripping reaction, is beneficial to the synergistic modification and high-value utilization of carbon and gas products, and improves the quality and environmental benefit of the project products. The system is convenient to operate, high in production efficiency, wide in technical applicability and easy to realize modularized design; reduces investment cost and operation and maintenance cost, and has important significance for popularization and application of biomass pyrolysis technology.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the above-described structure should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a gradual energy-efficient pyrolysis system of living beings of dead weight spiral which characterized in that: including pyrolysis oven, divide workbin (23), air cooler and water cooling system, divide workbin (23) import biomass material import, divide workbin (23) export and pyrolysis oven feed inlet intercommunication, just divide and be provided with second grade discharge valve (37) between workbin (23) export and the pyrolysis oven feed inlet, pyrolysis oven bottom living beings charcoal discharge gate and air cooler upper portion material import intercommunication, the material export of air cooler lower part and water cooling system's feed inlet intercommunication, pyrolysis oven include furnace body (1), the middle part is provided with inner tube (2) and urceolus (3) in furnace body (1), urceolus (3) and inner tube (2) between be provided with the multiunit by spiral structure of staggered formation about multilayer flue gas deflector (9).
2. The self-weight spiral progressive biomass efficient energy-saving pyrolysis system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: furnace body (1) top be provided with the feed inlet, inner tube (2) barrel cover put in urceolus (3), the feed inlet that inner tube (2) top corresponds furnace body (1) is provided with toper tripper (4), be provided with pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube (5) in inner tube (2), the inner chamber of inner tube (2) and pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube (5) inner chamber be not linked together, pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube (5) top be the export, pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube (5) bottom is the import, furnace body (1) upper portion be provided with pyrolysis gas outlet (6) and flue gas outlet (7), furnace body (1) lower part is provided with hot flue gas import (8), pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube (5) export and pyrolysis gas outlet (6) intercommunication, flue gas outlet (7) and hot flue gas import (8) all communicate with inner tube (2) inner chamber.
3. The self-weight spiral progressive biomass efficient energy-saving pyrolysis system as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the flue gas deflector (9) be both ends open-ended hollow slab, flue gas deflector (9) one end opening and inner tube (2) inner chamber UNICOM, cavity intercommunication between flue gas deflector (9) other end opening and furnace body (1) and urceolus (3), every second floor flue gas deflector (9) are provided with outer guide baffle (11) between furnace body (1) and urceolus (3), every second floor flue gas deflector (9) are provided with interior guide baffle (12) between inner tube (2) and urceolus (3), and crisscross setting between outer guide baffle (11) and the interior guide baffle (12), flue gas export (7) and inner tube (2) inner chamber between through the last layer flue gas deflector (9) intercommunication, hot flue gas import (8) and inner tube (2) inner chamber between through bottom flue gas deflector (9) intercommunication.
4. A self-weight spiral progressive biomass energy-efficient pyrolysis system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the included angle between the upper and lower adjacent flue gas guide plates (9) in the same group is 10 degrees.
5. The self-weight spiral progressive biomass efficient energy-saving pyrolysis system as claimed in claim 2, wherein: corresponding pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube (5) top export is provided with gas deflector (10) between urceolus (3) and inner tube (2), gas deflector (10) be both ends open-ended hollow slab, gas deflector (10) one end opening and pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube (5) inner chamber UNICOM, the cavity intercommunication between gas deflector (10) other end opening and furnace body (1) and urceolus (3).
6. The self-weight spiral progressive biomass efficient energy-saving pyrolysis system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the air cooler comprises an outer box body (16) and an inner box body (17), a closed cavity is formed between the outer box body (16) and the inner box body (17), a closed cylinder body (18) is arranged in the inner box body (17), a plurality of layers of air cooling guide plates (19) are arranged between the inner box body (17) and the cylinder body (18), the air cooling guide plates (19) are hollow plates with two open ends, one end of each air cooling guide plate (19) is communicated with the inner cavity of the cylinder body (18), the other end of each air cooling guide plate (19) is communicated with a cavity between the outer box body (16) and the inner box body (17), a cold air natural suction inlet communicated with the cavity between the outer box body (16) and the inner box body (17) is arranged at the bottom of the outer box body (16), a heating air outlet (20) communicated with the cavity between the outer box body (16) and the inner box body (17) is arranged on the upper portion of the outer box body, and the air cooling guide plates (21) are arranged in the adjacent air cooling guide plates (21) between the outer box body (16) and the inner box body (17).
7. The self-weight spiral progressive biomass efficient energy-saving pyrolysis system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water cooling system comprises a water cooling box body (24) and a quick cooling water-regulating water-saving tank (25), wherein a material inlet at the upper part of the water cooling box body (24) is a material inlet of the water cooling system, a material outlet at the lower part of the water cooling box body (24) is communicated with a material inlet of the quick cooling water-regulating water-saving tank (25), and a biochar outlet pipe (26) is arranged at the bottom of the quick cooling water-regulating water tank (25).
8. The self-weight spiral progressive biomass efficient energy-saving pyrolysis system as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the water cooling tank body (24) bottom be provided with the water-cooling tank water inlet, water-cooling tank body (24) upper portion is provided with the water-cooling tank delivery port, water-cooling tank water inlet and water-cooling tank delivery port respectively with water-cooling tank body (24) outer wall pipeline intercommunication, the water-cooling tank water inlet pass through valve I (27) and outside moisturizing cooling system intercommunication, water-cooling tank delivery port and quick-cooling moisturizing tank (25) pipe wall pipeline intercommunication, quick-cooling moisturizing tank (25) in be provided with the auger box, the auger box in be provided with hollow paddle auger machine (31), the feed inlet of auger box is the feed inlet of quick-cooling moisturizing tank (25), the discharge gate of auger box and biological charcoal outlet pipe (26) intercommunication, quick-cooling tank water inlet be provided with cold adjustment tank water inlet and cold adjustment tank respectively, cold adjustment tank delivery port pass through valve II (32) and outside moisturizing cooling system intercommunication, cold adjustment tank delivery port pass through valve III (33) and outside water circulating system intercommunication, hollow auger machine (34) of auger box is connected with outside water circulating system.
9. The self-weight spiral progressive biomass efficient energy-saving pyrolysis system as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the quick-cooling water-regulating tank (25) is internally provided with a temperature sensor (28), a pipeline for communicating a water outlet of the water-cooling tank with a pipe wall pipeline of the quick-cooling water-regulating tank (25) is provided with a temperature receiving flow controller (29) and a flow regulating valve (30), and the temperature sensor (28) is electrically connected with the temperature receiving flow controller (29).
10. The self-weight spiral progressive biomass efficient energy-saving pyrolysis system as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the inlet of the central pipeline of the hollow blade auger (31) is communicated with an external water supplementing cooling system through a valve IV (35), and the universal rotary joint of the central pipeline of the hollow blade auger (31) is communicated with an external water outlet circulating system through a valve V (36).
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| CN110293115A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-10-01 | 新疆中金科瑞新能源发展股份有限公司 | A kind of two-way rapid cooling system of oily waste thermal desorption high temperature tailings |
| CN110564474B (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2021-10-12 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | Biomass treatment device and system thereof |
| CN111394112B (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2021-01-15 | 华中农业大学 | System and method for directionally regulating and controlling biochar through air oxidation at gradient temperature |
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