CN111394112B - System and method for directionally regulating and controlling biochar through air oxidation at gradient temperature - Google Patents
System and method for directionally regulating and controlling biochar through air oxidation at gradient temperature Download PDFInfo
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- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
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- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for directionally regulating and controlling biochar by cascade temperature air oxidation, which comprises a pyrolysis carbonization zone, a cascade temperature air activation zone and an air preheating zone, and realizes effective utilization of energy, wherein the cascade temperature air activation zone is divided into a low oxygen zone, a medium oxygen zone and a high oxygen zone according to oxygen concentration, the requirement of temperature activation working conditions is efficiently matched, hot air is adopted to oxidize high temperature carbon, the biochar is dispersed by the layered design of the cascade temperature air activation zone, air suction and air inlet processes are matched to realize negative pressure-pressurization so as to strengthen the reaction rate of oxidizing the biochar by the hot air, water mist phase change cooling and auxiliary heating are combined to ensure the reaction temperature of oxidizing the biochar by the hot air, so that the directional regulation and control of the biochar are realized, the quality of the biochar is improved, the adsorption performance of the biochar is obviously improved, and the whole production process has simple process, low energy consumption, high production efficiency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biomass pyrolysis and carbonization, in particular to a system and a method for directionally regulating and controlling biochar through air oxidation at a stepped temperature.
Background
The biomass resources in China are rich, the biomass mainly comprises crops, crop wastes, wood, forestry wastes, animal wastes and the like, the utilization technology of the biomass at present mainly comprises direct biomass combustion, biomass gasification, biomass thermal cracking and the like, wherein the biomass thermal cracking technology is one of the most effective technical means for utilizing biomass energy.
The biomass thermal cracking technology is a process for finally generating bio-oil, biochar and combustible gas by thermally degrading biomass under the condition of no oxygen or oxygen deficiency, wherein the biochar generated by pyrolysis has a very wide application prospect, and has applications in soil improvement, waste treatment, greenhouse gas emission reduction, pollutant remediation and energy preparation. The biochar is loose and porous, is a cheap adsorbent with great potential, the adsorption performance of the biochar mainly depends on surface characteristics, the surface characteristics mainly comprise specific surface area, surface porosity, surface morphology and surface functional group characteristics, and the larger the specific surface area and the porosity, the more surface characteristic functional groups are, the stronger the corresponding adsorption capacity is.
The prior art for directly producing biochar by pyrolysis and carbonization generally has the problems of limited specific surface area, insufficient porosity and insufficient oxygen-containing functional groups, which directly affects the use prospect of the biochar, and the prior art has patents for modifying the biochar, for example, Chinese patent CN201610543955.0 discloses a device for thermally regenerating activated carbon at high temperature, wherein firstly, carbon powder enters a drying converter, then the dried powder is sent into a boiling activation furnace for activation, the formed activated powder and furnace gas pass through an overheated steam heater in a pipeline to reheat steam, and then the higher-temperature activated powder and furnace gas enter a cyclone separator to realize the modification of the biochar, the integral device in the method is more complex, and the production period is longer; the patent CN201710778174.4 discloses a high-temperature modification treatment method of an activated carbon raw material, wherein the activated carbon raw material is continuously added into a high-temperature converter, treated for 2-20 hours at 700-1000 ℃ under the atmosphere of hydrogen, ammonia and the like, and then cooled, discharged into a material storage and stored to finish modification.
Therefore, the biochar directly produced by traditional pyrolysis and carbonization is modified, and the biochar is directionally regulated and controlled by utilizing the air oxidation at the stepped temperature, so that the quality of the biochar is improved, the adsorption performance of the biochar is enhanced, and the whole production process has the advantages of simple process, continuous process, low energy consumption, high production efficiency and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of limited specific surface area, insufficient porosity, insufficient oxygen-containing functional groups and the like of the biochar directly produced by the conventional pyrolysis carbonization technology, the invention aims to provide a system and a method for directionally regulating and controlling the biochar by utilizing air oxidation at stepped temperature so as to improve the quality of the biochar.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a system for directionally regulating and controlling biochar through gradient temperature air oxidation comprises a pyrolysis carbonization zone, a gradient temperature air activation zone and an air preheating zone, and realizes effective utilization of energy, wherein the pyrolysis carbonization zone comprises a material preheating chamber and a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, the gradient temperature air activation zone is divided into a low oxygen zone, a medium oxygen zone and a high oxygen zone according to oxygen concentration, the air preheating zone comprises an air preheater and a fan, meanwhile, the pyrolysis carbonization zone is communicated with the gradient temperature air activation zone through a carbon conveying channel, and the gradient temperature air activation zone is connected with the air preheating zone through an air suction pump and a flow controller; the material preheating chamber of the pyrolysis carbonization zone is communicated with the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is condensed by a condenser outside the zone and purified by a purifier to obtain fuel gas, the fuel gas is communicated with the low-oxygen zone, the medium-oxygen zone and the high-oxygen zone in the gas tank and the step temperature air activation zone through a fuel gas pipe, in addition, the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is connected with the low-oxygen zone of the step temperature air activation zone through a carbon delivery channel, the low-oxygen zone, the medium-oxygen zone and the high-oxygen zone of the step temperature air activation zone are also communicated with each other through the carbon delivery channel, in addition, the high-oxygen zone is connected with the carbon collecting chamber outside the zone through the carbon delivery channel, the carbon delivery channel is provided with a channel valve for controlling the opening and closing of the channel, the medium-oxygen zone and the high-oxygen zone of the step temperature air activation zone are provided with a water storage tank, and the low-oxygen zone, the medium-oxygen zone and the high-oxygen zone are provided with a pressure meter and, and the interior of the low oxygen region, the interior of the medium oxygen region and the interior of the high oxygen region are respectively provided with an auxiliary heater, the low oxygen region, the interior of the medium oxygen region and the high oxygen region are respectively provided with an air exhaust port which is connected with an air exhaust pump through an air exhaust pipe, the pipeline is provided with a power air intake valve, the air distributors of the low oxygen region, the interior of the medium oxygen region and the high oxygen region are connected with a flow controller, meanwhile, the low oxygen region, the medium oxygen region and the high oxygen region of the cascade temperature air activation region are respectively and uniformly arranged into six layers, eight layers and ten layers, wherein the upper parts of the medium oxygen region and the high oxygen region are provided with a water mist spraying disc, the air exhaust pump of the cascade temperature air activation region is connected with an air preheater of the air preheating region, the air preheater is connected with the flow controller of the.
As a further scheme of the invention: the low oxygen area is divided into six layers, the temperature is stabilized within the range of 500-550 ℃, the oxygen concentration accounts for 1% of the total gas atmosphere, and the retention time of the biochar is 15-18 min; the medium oxygen area is divided into eight layers, the temperature is stabilized within the range of 400-450 ℃, the oxygen concentration accounts for 3% of the total gas atmosphere, and the retention time of the biochar is 12-15 min; the high oxygen area is divided into ten layers, the temperature is stabilized within the range of 300-350 ℃, the oxygen concentration accounts for 5% of the total gas atmosphere, and the retention time of the biochar is 9-12 min.
As a further scheme of the invention: the device selected by the cascade temperature air activation area is an activation device which comprises a charcoal inlet bin, a charcoal inlet auger, a low oxygen area, a medium oxygen area, a high oxygen area, an air pipeline, an air distributor, a support wall, an auxiliary heater, an air exhaust opening, an air inlet, a charcoal feeding channel, a water mist spraying disc, an air exhaust pump, a fan, a charcoal outlet auger, a charcoal collecting chamber and a support frame, wherein a hearth in the activation device is divided into the low oxygen area, the medium oxygen area and the high oxygen area from top to bottom, the oxygen concentration of the low oxygen area accounts for 1% of the total gas atmosphere, the oxygen concentration of the medium oxygen area accounts for 3% of the total gas atmosphere, the oxygen concentration of the high oxygen area accounts for 5% of the total gas atmosphere, the charcoal inlet bin is communicated with the low oxygen area through the charcoal inlet auger, the low oxygen area is communicated with the medium oxygen area through a first charcoal feeding channel, the medium oxygen area is communicated with the high oxygen area through a second charcoal feeding channel, and the high oxygen area is connected with the charcoal outlet auger leading, the tail part of the carbon outlet auger is fixedly connected with a carbon collecting chamber, the bottom of the activating device furnace body is fixedly provided with a support frame, the carbon inlet auger is provided with a carbon inlet control valve, the carbon outlet auger is provided with a carbon outlet control valve, the first carbon conveying channel is provided with a first channel valve for controlling the opening and closing of the channel, and the second carbon conveying channel is provided with a second channel valve for controlling the opening and closing of the channel.
As a further scheme of the invention: the low oxygen district, well oxygen district and high oxygen district are equallyd divide into six layers, eight layers, ten layers by the cloth wind passageway, and the cloth wind ware is fixed by the knee wall to the cloth wind ware passes through the air duct intercommunication, and the both ends of air duct extend to the stove outside and have seted up extraction opening and air inlet, and extraction opening and air inlet pass through the pipeline and link to each other with stove outer aspiration pump and fan respectively, all are equipped with the air bleed of power valve control extraction opening and the air inlet of air inlet on the pipeline, open the gas pocket on the cloth wind ware.
As a further scheme of the invention: and the low-oxygen zone, the medium-oxygen zone and the high-oxygen zone are provided with auxiliary heaters on the furnace wall where the air inlet is positioned and the furnace wall opposite to the air inlet.
As a further scheme of the invention: and pressure gauges are arranged on the upper surfaces of the low oxygen region, the medium oxygen region and the high oxygen region.
As a further scheme of the invention: and a water storage tank is arranged on the opposite side of the pressure gauge of the medium oxygen region and the high oxygen region.
As a further scheme of the invention: and the top parts of the middle oxygen zone and the high oxygen zone furnace hearth are respectively provided with a first water mist spray tray and a second water mist spray tray.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and a flow controller is also arranged at the outlet of the fan.
A use method of a system for directionally regulating and controlling biochar through air oxidation at gradient temperature comprises the following specific operation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: closing the carbon inlet control valve and the carbon outlet control valve, introducing a proper amount of fuel gas from the outside into the low oxygen region, the medium oxygen region and the high oxygen region, simultaneously starting a fan to introduce air into the low oxygen region, the medium oxygen region and the high oxygen region, then igniting, mixing and burning the fuel gas and the air, controlling the fuel gas inlet amount to respectively stabilize the temperatures of the low oxygen region, the medium oxygen region and the high oxygen region within the ranges of 500-550 ℃, 400-450 ℃ and 300-350 ℃, and stopping introducing the fuel gas;
step two: after the fuel gas in the low-oxygen area, the medium-oxygen area and the high-oxygen area is exhausted, the fan is closed, the carbon inlet control valve is opened at the same time, the high-temperature carbon enters the low-oxygen area from the carbon inlet bin at 550 ℃, the high-oxygen area, the medium-oxygen area and the low-oxygen area are filled in sequence under the action of the carbon inlet auger and the carbon delivery channel, the biochar is divided into six layers, eight layers and ten layers in the low-oxygen area, the medium-oxygen area and the high-oxygen area respectively, the high-temperature carbon flows into the medium-oxygen area from the low-oxygen area and flows into the high-oxygen area from the medium-oxygen area, the water mist is sprayed by the water mist spraying disc to rapidly cool the high-temperature carbon, the temperature of the biochar is stabilized in the set temperature ranges of the low-oxygen area, the medium-oxygen area and the high-oxygen area respectively, wherein the mass ratio of water sprayed by the medium-oxygen area to the biochar is 1: 5-1;
step three: closing the carbon inlet control valve, the carbon outlet control valve and the channel valve, starting the air pump and starting the air exhaust power valve, exhausting residual volatile components and combustible substances in the biochar in the low-oxygen region, the medium-oxygen region and the high-oxygen region, observing the readings of the pressure gauge, starting the fan and simultaneously closing the air pump and the air exhaust power valve when the air pressure of the oxidation region is reduced to 0.05-0.08 MPa, preheating air blown by the fan to 250-300 ℃, and then quantitatively conveying the air to the low-oxygen region, the medium-oxygen region and the high-oxygen region, wherein the oxygen concentration of the low-oxygen region accounts for 1% of the total gas atmosphere, the oxygen concentration of the medium-oxygen region accounts for 3% of the total gas atmosphere, and the oxygen concentration of the high-oxygen region accounts for 5% of the total gas atmosphere;
step four: under the action of an air distributor, hot air uniformly enters a low oxygen region, a medium oxygen region and a high oxygen region to carry out oxidation reaction with biochar, the biochar stays in the low oxygen region for 15-18 min, stays in the medium oxygen region for 12-15 min and stays in the high oxygen region for 9-12 min, when the temperatures of the low oxygen region, the medium oxygen region and the high oxygen region are remarkably reduced in the oxidation process, an auxiliary heater of the oxidation region starts to operate to maintain the oxidation temperature stable in a preset range, when the pressure gauges of the low oxygen region, the medium oxygen region and the high oxygen region are more than 0.3MPa, a power valve for controlling the air introduction of the oxidation region is closed, a valve for controlling the biochar inflow and outflow of the oxidation region is closed, an air suction pump is started to suck the oxidation region until the air pressure is reduced to be within a normal range of 0.2-0.3 MPa, and when the pressure is less than 0.2MPa, the carbon conveying valve is opened and the air introduction is started;
step five: the biochar slowly flows under the action of self gravity and the transportation action of a carbon transporting auger, the phase change temperature reduction of water mist is matched with the operation temperature rise of an auxiliary heater in the whole oxidation process, the temperature stability of an oxidation area is maintained, the air suction of a vacuum machine is matched with the air supply of a fan, the adjustment process of negative pressure and pressurization is realized, the pressure stability in the oxidation area is maintained while an oxidation atmosphere is provided, the oxidation process is continuously carried out, after the low oxygen area, the medium oxygen area and the high oxygen area are filled with the biochar, the biochar firstly flows through the medium oxygen area from the low oxygen area and then flows into the high oxygen area, and the biochar conveyed to a carbon collecting chamber from the high oxygen area at the moment and subsequently is finished carbon.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the system of the invention comprises a pyrolysis carbonization zone, a step temperature air activation zone and an air preheating zone, realizes the effective utilization of energy, the step temperature air activation zone is divided into a low oxygen zone, a medium oxygen zone and a high oxygen zone according to the oxygen concentration, the requirement of the temperature activation working condition is efficiently matched, hot air is adopted to oxidize high temperature carbon, the dispersion of the biochar is realized through the layered design of the cascade temperature air activation area, the negative pressure-pressurization is realized by matching the air exhaust and air inlet processes to strengthen the reaction rate of oxidizing the biochar by hot air, the phase change temperature reduction of water mist and the auxiliary heating are combined to ensure the reaction temperature of oxidizing the biochar by the hot air, therefore, the directional regulation and control of the biochar are realized, the quality of the biochar is improved, the adsorption performance of the biochar is obviously improved, and the whole production process has the advantages of simple process, continuous process, low energy consumption, high production efficiency and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an activation device according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the low, mid and high oxygen zones of the present invention.
As shown in the figure: 1. a charcoal inlet bin, 2, a charcoal inlet auger, 3.1, a charcoal inlet control valve, 3.2, a charcoal outlet control valve, 4, a pressure gauge, 5, a furnace wall, 6, a hearth, 6.1, a low oxygen region, 6.2, a medium oxygen region, 6.3, a high oxygen region, 7.1, a first air extraction opening, 7.2, a second air extraction opening, 7.3, a third air extraction opening, 8, an air pipeline, 9, an air distributor, 10, a support wall, 11, an auxiliary heater, 12.1, a first air inlet, 12.2, a second air inlet, 12.3, a third air inlet, 13.1, a first charcoal delivery channel, 13.2, a second charcoal delivery channel, 14.1, a first channel valve, 14.2, a second channel valve, 15, a water storage tank, 16.1, a first water mist spray disk, 16.2, a second water mist spray disk, 17, a power valve, 18, a pump, a fan, 19, a charcoal outlet, 21, a charcoal outlet, a charcoal collection chamber, and a support frame.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, a system for directionally regulating and controlling biochar through step temperature air oxidation includes a pyrolysis carbonization zone, a step temperature air activation zone and an air preheating zone, to achieve effective utilization of energy, wherein the pyrolysis carbonization zone includes a material preheating chamber and a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, the step temperature air activation zone is divided into a low oxygen zone, a medium oxygen zone and a high oxygen zone according to oxygen concentration, the air preheating zone includes an air preheater and a blower, the pyrolysis carbonization zone is communicated with the step temperature air activation zone through a carbon feeding channel, and the step temperature air activation zone is connected with the air preheating zone through an air pump and a flow controller. The material preheating chamber of the pyrolysis carbonization zone is communicated with the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is condensed by a condenser outside the zone and purified by a purifier to obtain fuel gas, the fuel gas enters a fuel gas tank, meanwhile, a low-oxygen zone, a medium-oxygen zone and a high-oxygen zone in the fuel gas tank and the step temperature air activation zone are communicated together through fuel gas pipes, the fuel gas is conveyed to the pyrolysis carbonization furnace and the low-oxygen zone, the medium-oxygen zone and the high-oxygen zone of the step temperature air activation zone for recycling, and in addition, the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is connected with the low-oxygen zone of the step temperature air activation zone through a carbon conveying channel; the low oxygen area, the medium oxygen area and the high oxygen area of the step temperature air activation area are communicated with each other through a carbon delivery channel, in addition, the high oxygen area is connected with an external carbon collecting chamber through the carbon delivery channel, the carbon delivery channel is provided with a channel valve for controlling the opening and closing of the channel, the medium oxygen area and the high oxygen area of the step temperature air activation area are provided with water storage tanks, the low oxygen area, the medium oxygen area and the high oxygen area are provided with a pressure gauge and an air distributor, auxiliary heaters are arranged in the low oxygen area, the medium oxygen area and the high oxygen area, pumping holes formed in the low oxygen area, the medium oxygen area and the high oxygen area are connected with a pumping pump through pumping pipes, the pipelines are provided with power air inlet valves, the low oxygen area, the medium oxygen area and the air distributor of the high oxygen area are connected with flow controllers, and the low oxygen area, the medium oxygen area and the high oxygen area of the step temperature air activation area are uniformly arranged into six layers, eight layers and eight layers, And ten layers of water mist spraying plates are arranged at the upper parts of the medium oxygen region and the high oxygen region, meanwhile, an air suction pump of the step temperature air activation region is connected with an air preheater of the air preheating region, the air preheater is connected with a flow controller of the step temperature air activation region, and the air preheater is also connected with a fan in the region.
The low-oxygen area is divided into six layers, the temperature is stabilized within the range of 500-550 ℃, the oxygen concentration accounts for 1% of the total gas atmosphere, the retention time of the biochar is 15-18 min, the low-oxygen area is used for increasing the surface area of the biochar, the increase of the surface area of the biochar is remarkable in the temperature range, the biochar is properly dispersed and is beneficial to oxidation reaction, and the reaction rate can be accelerated by a small amount of oxygen; the medium oxygen region is divided into eight layers, the temperature is stabilized within the range of 400-450 ℃, the oxygen concentration accounts for 3% of the total gas atmosphere, the retention time of the biochar is 12-15 min, the medium oxygen region is used for improving the porosity of the biochar and increasing the number of micropores and mesopores, tar-like substances deposited in pores of the biochar can be oxidized and removed within the temperature range, so that the porosity is improved, but the oxidation time cannot be too long, otherwise, the pores can be deteriorated due to thermal deformation; the high-oxygen area is divided into ten layers, the temperature is stabilized within the range of 300-350 ℃, the oxygen concentration accounts for 5% of the total gas atmosphere, the retention time of the biochar is 15-18 min, the high-oxygen area is used for increasing oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the biochar, the relative abundance of C-O, C (O functional groups) can be obviously increased within the temperature range, the dispersion degree of the biochar in the high-oxygen area is maximum, the contact area of the biochar and oxygen is increased, the oxidation reaction is facilitated, and the large loss of the biochar can be caused by overhigh oxygen concentration or overlong retention time of the biochar.
Referring to FIGS. 2-3, it can be seen that: the device that step temperature air activation district selected for use is the activation device, the activation device is including advancing charcoal storehouse 1, advancing charcoal auger 2, hypoxemia district 6.1, well oxygen district 6.2, hyperoxia district 6.3, air conduit 8, air distributor 9, knee wall 10, auxiliary heater 11, extraction opening, air inlet, send the charcoal passageway, water smoke spouts dish, aspiration pump 18, fan 19, play charcoal auger 21, album charcoal room 22 and support frame 23, wherein, furnace 6 in the activation device divide into hypoxemia district 6.1 from top to bottom, well oxygen district 6.2 and hyperoxia district 6.2, hypoxemia district 6.1 oxygen concentration accounts for 1% of total gas atmosphere, well oxygen district 6.2 oxygen concentration accounts for 3% of total gas atmosphere, hyperoxia district oxygen concentration accounts for 5% of total gas atmosphere, it communicates with each other with hypoxemia district 6.1 to advance charcoal storehouse 1 through advancing charcoal auger 2, hypoxemia district 6.1 communicates with each other with hyperoxia district 6.2 through first carbon delivery passageway 13.1, and the hyperoxia district 6.2 communicates with each other through second carbon delivery district 13.2, the high oxygen area 6.3 is connected with a charcoal outlet auger 21 leading to a charcoal collecting chamber 22 through a charcoal outlet 20, the tail part of the charcoal outlet auger 21 is fixedly connected with the charcoal collecting chamber 22, and the bottom of the activating device furnace body is fixedly provided with a supporting frame 23 which is fixedly arranged on the working ground through the supporting frame 23, meanwhile, a carbon inlet control valve 3.1 is arranged on the carbon inlet auger 2, a carbon outlet control valve 3.2 is arranged on the carbon outlet auger 21, a first channel valve 14.1 for controlling the opening and closing of the channel is arranged on the first carbon conveying channel 13.1, a second channel valve 14.2 for controlling the opening and closing of the channel is arranged on the second carbon conveying channel 13.2, the carbon inlet control valve 3.1 controls the input of high-temperature carbon, the carbon outlet control valve 3.2 controls the output of finished carbon, the channel valve is used for controlling the transmission of biological carbon in the oxidation process, and the carbon inlet control valve 3.1, the carbon outlet control valve 3.2 and the channel valve are also used for stopping the transportation of the packing auger and closing the channel so as to provide a closed environment for the air extraction of the air extraction pump 18.
Wherein, the low oxygen zone 6.1, the medium oxygen zone 6.2 and the high oxygen zone 6.3 are divided into six layers, eight layers and ten layers by the air distributor 9, the air distributor 9 is fixed by the support wall 10, and the air distributor 9 is communicated by the air pipeline 8, two ends of the air pipeline 8 extend to the outside of the furnace and are provided with an air suction opening and an air inlet, the air suction opening and the air inlet are respectively connected with an air suction pump 18 and a fan 19 outside the furnace by pipelines, the pipelines are provided with a power valve 17 for controlling the air suction of the air suction opening and the air inlet of the air inlet, wherein, the low oxygen zone, the medium oxygen zone and the high oxygen zone furnace are divided into six layers, eight layers and ten layers which are beneficial to the dispersion of the biochar, the contact area of the biochar and the hot air is increased, the oxidation reaction is promoted, the air holes are arranged on the air distributor 9 and are convenient for the uniform distribution of the hot air, the air suction opening and the air inlet can adjust the air pressure and the concentration of the hot air in the oxidation process 6, and the atmosphere can be adjusted by, meanwhile, a flow controller is arranged at the outlet of the fan 19, so that the quantitative adjustment of the hot air concentration is facilitated.
Preferably, the low-oxygen zone 6.1, the medium-oxygen zone 6.2 and the high-oxygen zone 6.3 are provided with auxiliary heaters 11 on the furnace wall 5 where the air inlet is located and the furnace wall 5 opposite to the furnace wall, before the fan 19 blows air into the furnace, the air is preheated by the air preheater to become hot air, and then enters the furnace, and the auxiliary heaters 11 are arranged on the furnace wall of the air inlet of the furnace and the furnace wall opposite to the furnace wall, which can realize a heating function when the temperature of the furnace is reduced, so as to ensure that the temperature of the furnace is maintained in a stable temperature range in the oxidation process.
Preferably, the pressure gauge 4 is installed on the upper surface of each of the low oxygen region 6.1, the medium oxygen region 6.2 and the high oxygen region 6.3, the water storage tank 15 is installed on the opposite side of the pressure gauge of the medium oxygen region 6.2 and the high oxygen region 6.3, the top of the furnace of the medium oxygen region 6.2 and the high oxygen region 6.3 is respectively provided with a first water mist spraying disc 16.1 and a first water mist spraying disc 16.2, wherein the pressure gauge 4 is used for monitoring the pressure in the furnace in the oxidation process, so that the air suction and air intake processes are accurately carried out, the water storage tank 15 is used for providing water required by the water mist spraying discs for spraying water mist, and the water mist spraying discs are used for continuously spraying water mist when the biochar is conveyed from the low oxygen region 6.1 to the high oxygen region 6.2 or the biochar is conveyed from the medium oxygen region 6.2 to the high oxygen region 6.3 to realize rapid temperature reduction of the biochar, so that the temperature.
A method for directionally regulating and controlling biochar through air oxidation at gradient temperature comprises the following specific operation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: closing the carbon inlet control valve 3.1 and the carbon outlet control valve 3.2, introducing a proper amount of fuel gas from the outside, introducing the fuel gas into the low oxygen region 6.1, the medium oxygen region 6.2 and the high oxygen region 6.3, simultaneously starting the fan 19 to introduce air into the low oxygen region 6.1, the medium oxygen region 6.2 and the high oxygen region 6.3, igniting, mixing and burning the fuel gas and the air, controlling the fuel gas inlet amount to respectively stabilize the temperatures of the low oxygen region 6.1, the medium oxygen region 6.2 and the high oxygen region 6.3 within the ranges of 500-550 ℃, 400-450 ℃ and 300-350 ℃, and stopping introducing the fuel gas;
step two: after the gas in the low oxygen region 6.1, the medium oxygen region 6.2 and the high oxygen region 6.3 is exhausted, the fan 19 is closed, simultaneously, a carbon inlet control valve 3.1 is opened to ensure that high-temperature carbon (550 ℃) enters a low oxygen region from the carbon inlet bin 1, and the high oxygen area 6.3, the medium oxygen area 6.2 and the low oxygen area 6.1 are filled in sequence under the action of the carbon feeding auger 2 and the carbon feeding channel, the biochar is divided into six layers, eight layers and ten layers respectively in the low oxygen area 6.1, the medium oxygen area 6.2 and the high oxygen area 6.3, when the high temperature carbon flows into the medium oxygen area 6.2 from the low oxygen area 6.1 and flows into the high oxygen area 6.3 from the medium oxygen area 6.2, the water mist spraying plate sprays water mist to rapidly cool the high-temperature carbon, so that the temperature of the biochar is stabilized in the set temperature ranges of the low-oxygen region 6.1, the medium-oxygen region 6.2 and the high-oxygen region 6.3 respectively, wherein the mass ratio of the spraying water in the medium oxygen region 6.2 to the biochar is 1: 5-1: 4, and the mass ratio of the spraying water in the high oxygen region 6.3 to the biochar is 1: 4-1: 3;
step three: closing the carbon inlet control valve 3.1, the carbon outlet control valve 3.2 and the channel valve, starting the air suction pump 18 and starting the air suction power valve, pumping out residual volatile components and combustible substances in the biochar in the low-oxygen region 6.1, the medium-oxygen region 6.2 and the high-oxygen region 6.3, observing the index of a pressure gauge 4, starting the fan 19 and simultaneously closing the air suction pump 18 and the air suction power valve when the air pressure of the oxidation region is reduced to 0.05-0.08 MPa, preheating the air blown in by the fan 19 to 250-300 ℃, and then quantitatively conveying the air to the low-oxygen region 6.1, the medium-oxygen region 6.2 and the high-oxygen region 6.3, wherein the oxygen concentration of the low-oxygen region 6.1 accounts for 1% of the total gas atmosphere, the oxygen concentration of the medium-oxygen region 6.2 accounts for 3% of the total gas atmosphere, and the oxygen concentration of the high-oxygen region 6.3 accounts for 5%;
step four: under the action of the air distributor 9, hot air uniformly enters the low oxygen region 6.1, the medium oxygen region 6.2 and the high oxygen region 6.3 to have oxidation reaction with the biochar, the biochar stays for 15-18 min in the low oxygen region 6.1, 12-15 min in the medium oxygen region 6.2 and 9-12 min in the high oxygen region 6.3, when the temperature of the low oxygen region 6.1, the medium oxygen region 6.2 and the high oxygen region 6.3 is obviously reduced in the oxidation process, the auxiliary heater 11 of the oxidation zone is operated to maintain the oxidation temperature stable within a predetermined range, when the pressure gauge number of the low oxygen region 6.1, the medium oxygen region 6.2 and the high oxygen region 6.3 is more than 0.3MPa, closing a power valve for controlling air introduction of the oxidation zone, closing a valve for controlling inflow and outflow of the biochar in the oxidation zone, starting an air extraction pump 18 to extract air from the oxidation zone until the air pressure is reduced to be within 0.2-0.3 MPa of a normal range, and opening a carbon transportation valve and starting air introduction when the air pressure is lower than 0.2 MPa;
step five: the biochar flows slowly under the action of self gravity and the transportation action of a charcoal transportation auger, the phase change temperature of water mist is reduced and the operation and the temperature rise of an auxiliary heater 11 are matched in the whole oxidation process, the temperature of an oxidation area is maintained to be stable, an air suction pump 18 sucks air and a fan 19 feeds air to be matched, the adjustment process of negative pressure and pressurization is realized, the air pressure in the oxidation area is maintained to be stable while an oxidation atmosphere is provided, the oxidation process is continuously carried out, after the low-oxygen area 6.1, the medium-oxygen area 6.2 and the high-oxygen area 6.3 are filled with the biochar, the biochar firstly flows through the medium-oxygen area 6.2 from the low-oxygen area 6.1 and then flows into the high-oxygen area 6.3, and the biochar conveyed to a charcoal collecting chamber 22 from the high-oxygen.
The following table shows biochar obtained under the conditions that the low oxygen region of the gradient temperature air activation region is 550 ℃, the medium oxygen region is 450 ℃ and the high oxygen region is 350 ℃ and N is below 550 DEG C2The characteristic comparison table of the biochar prepared by pyrolysis for 40min under the atmosphere:
| item | Specific surface area (m)2/g) | Porosity (cm)3/g) | Relative abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups |
| Raw biochar | 40.4 | 0.05 | 15％ |
| Modified biochar | 263.6 | 0.09 | 27％ |
Example 2:
the following table shows the biochar obtained under the conditions that the low oxygen region of the gradient temperature air activation region is 525 ℃, the medium oxygen region is 425 ℃ and the high oxygen region is 325 ℃ and N is 500 DEG2The characteristic comparison table of the biochar prepared by pyrolysis for 40min under the atmosphere:
| item | Specific surface area (m)2/g) | Porosity (cm)3/g) | Relative abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups |
| Raw biochar | 35.4 | 0.06 | 16％ |
| Modified biochar | 214.3 | 1.04 | 26％ |
Example 3:
the following table shows the biochar obtained under the conditions that the low oxygen region of the gradient temperature air activation region is 500 ℃, the medium oxygen region is 400 ℃ and the high oxygen region is 300 ℃ and the temperature is 450 ℃ under N2The characteristic comparison table of the biochar prepared by pyrolysis for 40min under the atmosphere:
| item | Specific surface area (m)2/g) | Porosity (cm)3/g) | Relative abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups |
| Raw biochar | 30.5 | 0.08 | 18％ |
| Modified biochar | 195.3 | 1.05 | 29％ |
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a system for biological charcoal is regulated and control to step temperature air oxidation orientation, includes three regions in pyrolysis carbonization district, step temperature air activation district and air preheating zone, its characterized in that: the pyrolysis carbonization zone comprises a material preheating chamber and a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, the step temperature air activation zone is divided into a low oxygen zone, a medium oxygen zone and a high oxygen zone according to oxygen concentration, the air preheating zone comprises an air preheater and a fan, the pyrolysis carbonization zone is communicated with the step temperature air activation zone through a carbon conveying channel, and the step temperature air activation zone is connected with the air preheating zone through an air pump and a flow controller; the material preheating chamber of the pyrolysis carbonization zone is communicated with the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is condensed by a condenser outside the zone and purified by a purifier to obtain fuel gas, the fuel gas is communicated with the low-oxygen zone, the medium-oxygen zone and the high-oxygen zone in the gas tank and the step temperature air activation zone through a fuel gas pipe, in addition, the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is connected with the low-oxygen zone of the step temperature air activation zone through a carbon delivery channel, the low-oxygen zone, the medium-oxygen zone and the high-oxygen zone of the step temperature air activation zone are also communicated with each other through the carbon delivery channel, in addition, the high-oxygen zone is connected with the carbon collecting chamber outside the zone through the carbon delivery channel, the carbon delivery channel is provided with a channel valve for controlling the opening and closing of the channel, the medium-oxygen zone and the high-oxygen zone of the step temperature air activation zone are provided with a water storage tank, and the low-oxygen zone, the medium-oxygen zone and the high-oxygen zone are provided with a pressure meter and, and the low oxygen area, the middle oxygen area and the high oxygen area are all internally provided with auxiliary heaters, the low oxygen area, the middle oxygen area and the high oxygen area are respectively provided with an air exhaust port which is connected with an air exhaust pump through an air exhaust pipe, the pipeline is provided with a power air intake valve, the air distributors of the low oxygen area, the middle oxygen area and the high oxygen area are connected with a flow controller, meanwhile, the low oxygen area, the middle oxygen area and the high oxygen area of the cascade temperature air activation area are respectively and uniformly arranged into six layers, eight layers and ten layers, wherein the upper parts of the middle oxygen area and the high oxygen area are provided with water mist spraying disks, the air exhaust pump of the cascade temperature air activation area is connected with an air preheater of the air preheating area, the air preheater is connected with the flow controller of the cascade temperature air activation area, and the air preheater is also connected with a fan in.
2. The system for directionally regulating biochar through air oxidation at a stepped temperature according to claim 1, wherein: the low oxygen area is divided into six layers, the temperature is stabilized within the range of 500-550 ℃, the oxygen concentration accounts for 1% of the total gas atmosphere, and the retention time of the biochar is 15-18 min; the medium oxygen area is divided into eight layers, the temperature is stabilized within the range of 400-450 ℃, the oxygen concentration accounts for 3% of the total gas atmosphere, and the retention time of the biochar is 12-15 min; the high oxygen area is divided into ten layers, the temperature is stabilized within the range of 300-350 ℃, the oxygen concentration accounts for 5% of the total gas atmosphere, and the retention time of the biochar is 9-12 min.
3. The system for directionally regulating biochar through air oxidation at stepped temperature according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the biochar comprises: the device that step temperature air activation district selected for use is the activation device, the activation device including advance charcoal storehouse (1), advance charcoal auger (2), hypoxemia district (6.1), well oxygen district (6.2), hyperoxia district (6.3), air conduit (8), air distributor (9), knee wall (10), auxiliary heater (11), extraction opening, air inlet, send the charcoal passageway, water smoke spouts dish, aspiration pump 18, fan (19), play charcoal auger (21), collection charcoal room (22) and support frame (23), wherein, furnace (6) in the activation device divide into hypoxemia district (6.1), well oxygen district (6.2) and hyperoxia district (6.2) from top to bottom, hypoxemia district (6.1) oxygen concentration accounts for 1% of total gas atmosphere, well oxygen district (6.2) oxygen concentration accounts for 3% of total gas atmosphere, hyperoxia district oxygen concentration accounts for 5% of total gas atmosphere, advance charcoal storehouse (1) and hypoxemia charcoal district (6.1) to communicate with each other through advancing charcoal auger (2), the low oxygen region (6.1) is communicated with the medium oxygen region (6.2) through a first carbon delivery channel (13.1), the medium oxygen region (6.2) is communicated with the high oxygen region (6.3) through a second carbon delivery channel (13.2), the high oxygen region (6.3) is connected with a carbon outlet auger (21) leading to a carbon collection chamber (22) through a carbon outlet (20), the tail part of the carbon outlet auger (21) is fixedly connected with the carbon collection chamber (22), the bottom of the activation device furnace body is fixedly provided with a support frame (23), the carbon inlet auger (2) is provided with a carbon inlet control valve (3.1), the carbon outlet auger (21) is provided with a carbon outlet control valve (3.2), the first carbon delivery channel (13.1) is provided with a first channel valve (14.1) for controlling the opening and closing of the channel, and the second channel valve (14.2) for controlling the opening and closing of the channel is arranged on the second carbon delivery channel (13.2).
4. The system for directionally regulating biochar through air oxidation at a stepped temperature according to claim 3, wherein: the low oxygen region (6.1), the medium oxygen region (6.2) and the high oxygen region (6.3) are divided into six layers, eight layers and ten layers by an air distributor (9), the air distributor (9) is fixed by a support wall (10), the air distributor (9) is communicated through an air pipeline (8), two ends of the air pipeline (8) extend to the outside of the furnace and are provided with an air suction opening and an air inlet, the air suction opening and the air inlet are respectively connected with an air suction pump (18) and a fan (19) outside the furnace through pipelines, the pipelines are provided with power valves (17) for controlling air suction of the air suction opening and air inlet of the air inlet, and the air distributor (9) is provided with air holes.
5. The system for directionally regulating biochar through air oxidation at a stepped temperature according to claim 3, wherein: and auxiliary heaters (11) are arranged on the furnace wall (5) where the air inlet is positioned and the furnace wall (5) on the opposite side of the furnace wall (5) in the low oxygen region (6.1), the medium oxygen region (6.2) and the high oxygen region (6.3).
6. The system for directionally regulating biochar through air oxidation at a stepped temperature according to claim 3, wherein: and pressure gauges (4) are arranged on the upper surfaces of the low oxygen region (6.1), the medium oxygen region (6.2) and the high oxygen region (6.3).
7. The system for directionally regulating biochar through air oxidation at a stepped temperature according to claim 3, wherein: and a water storage tank (15) is arranged on the opposite side of the pressure gauge of the medium oxygen region (6.2) and the high oxygen region (6.3).
8. The system for directionally regulating biochar through air oxidation at a stepped temperature according to claim 3, wherein: and the top parts of the hearths of the medium oxygen region (6.2) and the high oxygen region (6.3) are respectively provided with a first water mist spray plate (16.1) and a second water mist spray plate (16.2).
9. The system for directionally regulating biochar through air oxidation at stepped temperature according to claim 4, wherein: and a flow controller is also arranged at the outlet of the fan (19).
10. The use method of the system for directionally regulating biochar through air oxidation at the stepped temperature according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized by comprising the following specific operation steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: closing a carbon inlet control valve (3.1) and a carbon outlet control valve (3.2), introducing a proper amount of fuel gas from the outside, introducing the fuel gas into a low oxygen region (6.1), a medium oxygen region (6.2) and a high oxygen region (6.3), starting a fan (19) to introduce air into the low oxygen region (6.1), the medium oxygen region (6.2) and the high oxygen region (6.3), igniting, mixing and combusting the fuel gas and the air, controlling the fuel gas inlet amount to respectively stabilize the temperatures of the low oxygen region (6.1), the medium oxygen region (6.2) and the high oxygen region (6.3) within the ranges of 500-550 ℃, 400-450 ℃ and 300-350 ℃, and stopping introducing the fuel gas;
step two: after the fuel gas in the low oxygen area (6.1), the medium oxygen area (6.2) and the high oxygen area (6.3) is exhausted, the fan (19) is closed, the carbon inlet control valve (3.1) is opened at the same time, the high-temperature carbon enters the low oxygen area from the carbon inlet bin (1) at 550 ℃, the high oxygen area (6.3), the medium oxygen area (6.2) and the low oxygen area (6.1) are sequentially filled under the action of the carbon inlet auger (2) and the carbon delivery channel, the biochar flows into the medium oxygen area (6.2) from the low oxygen area (6.1) and the high oxygen area (6.3) from the medium oxygen area (6.2), the water mist is sprayed by the water mist spraying disc to rapidly cool the high-temperature carbon, the temperature of the biochar is stabilized in the low oxygen area (6.1), the medium oxygen area (6.2) and the high oxygen area (6.3) respectively, the water quality ratio of the water to the high oxygen area (6.1: 5: 1) is set, 6.3 of the high-oxygen area, wherein the mass ratio of water for spraying to the biochar is 1: 4-1: 3;
step three: closing a carbon inlet control valve (3.1), a carbon outlet control valve (3.2) and a channel valve, starting an air suction pump (18) and opening an air suction power valve, sucking out residual volatile components and combustible substances in the biochar of a low-oxygen region (6.1), a medium-oxygen region (6.2) and a high-oxygen region (6.3), observing the number indicated by a pressure gauge (4), starting a fan (19) and closing the air suction pump (18) and the air suction power valve simultaneously when the air pressure of the oxidation region is reduced to 0.05-0.08 MPa, preheating air blown in by the fan (19) to 250-300 ℃, and then quantitatively conveying the air to the low-oxygen region (6.1), the medium-oxygen region (6.2) and the high-oxygen region (6.3), wherein the oxygen concentration of the low-oxygen region (6.1) accounts for 1% of the total gas atmosphere, the oxygen concentration of the medium-oxygen region (6.2) accounts for 3% of the total gas atmosphere, and the oxygen concentration of the high-oxygen region (6.3) accounts for 5% of the total gas atmosphere;
step four: under the action of an air distributor (9), hot air uniformly enters a low oxygen region (6.1), a medium oxygen region (6.2) and a high oxygen region (6.3) to carry out oxidation reaction with biochar, the biochar stays in the low oxygen region (6.1) for 15-18 min, stays in the medium oxygen region (6.2) for 12-15 min and stays in the high oxygen region (6.3) for 9-12 min, when the temperatures of the low oxygen region (6.1), the medium oxygen region (6.2) and the high oxygen region (6.3) are obviously reduced in the oxidation process, an auxiliary heater (11) of the oxidation region starts to operate to maintain the oxidation temperature to be stable in a preset range, when the pressure gauges of the low oxygen region (6.1), the medium oxygen region (6.2) and the high oxygen region (6.3) are more than 0.3, a power valve for controlling the introduction of air into the oxidation region is closed, a valve for controlling the flow of the biochar in the oxidation region is closed, an air extraction pump is started to carry out to the normal pressure range of the oxidation region (18.3-to 0.3MPa, opening a carbon conveying valve and starting to introduce air when the pressure is lower than 0.2 MPa;
step five: the biochar slowly flows under the action of self gravity and the transportation action of a charcoal transportation auger, the phase change temperature of water mist is reduced and matched with the operation and temperature rise of an auxiliary heater (11) in the whole oxidation process, the temperature of an oxidation area is kept stable, an air suction pump (18) sucks air and is matched with air supply of a fan (19), the adjustment process of negative pressure and pressurization is realized, the pressure in the oxidation area is kept stable while an oxidation atmosphere is provided, the oxidation process is continuously carried out, after a low-oxygen area (6.1), a medium-oxygen area (6.2) and a high-oxygen area (6.3) are filled with biochar, the biochar firstly flows through the medium-oxygen area (6.2) from the low-oxygen area (6.1) and then flows into the high-oxygen area (6.3), and then the biochar conveyed to a charcoal collecting chamber (22) from the subsequent high-oxygen area (6.3) is finished.
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