CN109022001B

CN109022001B - Dead weight spiral gradually-advancing type biomass high-efficiency energy-saving pyrolysis furnace device

Info

Publication number: CN109022001B
Application number: CN201810932350.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林贵英; 吴晓东; 尹刚; 杜佳豪; 蔡雨航
Original assignee: Hubei Normal University
Current assignee: Hubei Normal University
Priority date: 2018-08-16
Filing date: 2018-08-16
Publication date: 2023-04-14
Anticipated expiration: 2038-08-16
Also published as: CN109022001A

Abstract

A self-weight spiral progressive biomass high-efficiency energy-saving pyrolysis furnace device comprises a pyrolysis furnace and an air cooler, wherein a closed cavity is formed between an outer box body (16) and an inner box body (17) of the air cooler, a closed cylinder body (18) is arranged in the inner box body (17), a plurality of layers of air cooling guide plates (19) are arranged between the inner box body (17) and the cylinder body (18), one end opening of each air cooling guide plate (19) is communicated with an inner cavity of the cylinder body (18), and the other end opening of each air cooling guide plate (19) is communicated with the cavity between the outer box body (16) and the inner box body (17); an inner cylinder (2) and an outer cylinder (3) are arranged in the middle of the interior of a furnace body (1) of the pyrolysis furnace, a conical distributor (4) is arranged at the top of the inner cylinder (2) corresponding to a feed inlet of the furnace body (1), and a pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe (5) is arranged in the inner cylinder (2). The heat transfer interaction, the heat utilization efficiency is high, and the cascade utilization of energy is realized.

Description

Self-weight spiral progressive biomass high-efficiency energy-saving pyrolysis furnace device

Technical Field

The invention relates to a pyrolysis furnace device, in particular to a self-weight spiral progressive high-efficiency energy-saving biomass pyrolysis furnace device, and belongs to the technical field of biomass energy.

Background

Biomass is an organic substance produced by absorbing carbon dioxide in the air through photosynthesis. It is widely distributed, widely available, and the only renewable, storable natural fuel containing hydrocarbon components and thermal energy.

The biomass pyrolysis technology is a clean and efficient conversion technology, can be used for preparing different fuels such as biogas, bio-oil and biochar or chemical and material products, and is a key research direction in the world. At present, an external pyrolysis replacement thermal process is generally adopted, and due to the fact that the material stays in a pyrolysis furnace for a short time and the heat exchange area between the material and a furnace body is small, pyrolysis is insufficient, reaction time is long, gas components are complex, the calorific value of fuel gas is low, and the quality of liquid and solid products is low; therefore, the production efficiency is low, the devices are multiple and complex, the investment, operation and maintenance costs are high, and the popularization and application of the biomass pyrolysis technology are greatly limited.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a self-weight spiral progressive biomass high-efficiency energy-saving pyrolysis furnace device aiming at the problems of low production efficiency, more and complex devices, high cost and the like of the heat exchange process of the conventional external pyrolysis device.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a self-weight spiral gradually-advancing type biomass high-efficiency energy-saving pyrolysis furnace device, includes pyrolysis furnace and air cooler, pyrolysis furnace bottom biomass charcoal discharge gate and air cooler upper portion material import intercommunication.

The air cooler comprises an outer box body and an inner box body, a sealed cavity is formed between the outer box body and the inner box body, a sealed barrel is arranged in the inner box body, a plurality of layers of air cooling guide plates are arranged between the inner box body and the barrel body, the air cooling guide plates are hollow plates with two open ends, one end of each air cooling guide plate is communicated with an inner cavity of the barrel body, the other end of each air cooling guide plate is communicated with the cavity between the outer box body and the inner box body, a cold air natural suction inlet communicated with the cavity between the outer box body and the inner box body is formed in the bottom of the outer box body, a heated air outlet communicated with the cavity between the outer box body and the inner box body is formed in the upper portion of the outer box body, and a partition plate is arranged in the cavity between the outer box body and the inner box body and corresponds to an adjacent air cooling guide plate.

The pyrolysis oven include the furnace body, the furnace body top be provided with the feed inlet, the middle part is provided with inner tube and urceolus in the furnace body, inner tube barrel cover put in the urceolus, the feed inlet that the inner tube top corresponds the furnace body is provided with toper tripper, is provided with pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe in the inner tube, the inner chamber of inner tube and pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe's inner chamber do not communicate, pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe top be the export, pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis socle portion is the import, furnace body upper portion be provided with pyrolysis gas export and exhanst gas outlet, the furnace body lower part is provided with hot flue gas inlet, pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe export and pyrolysis gas outlet intercommunication, exhanst gas outlet and hot flue gas inlet all communicate with the inner tube inner chamber.

Urceolus and inner tube between be provided with the spiral structure that the multiunit was crisscross formation from top to bottom by multilayer flue gas deflector, the flue gas deflector be both ends open-ended hollow plate, flue gas deflector one end opening and inner tube inner chamber UNICOM, cavity intercommunication between flue gas deflector other end opening and furnace body and the urceolus, every two-layer flue gas deflector is provided with outer guide baffle between furnace body and the urceolus, every two-layer flue gas deflector is provided with interior guide baffle between inner tube and the urceolus, and crisscross setting between outer guide baffle and the interior guide baffle, exhanst gas outlet and inner tube inner chamber between communicate through the superiors' flue gas deflector, hot flue gas import and inner tube inner chamber between communicate through the bottommost flue gas deflector.

The included angle between the upper and lower adjacent smoke guide plates in the same group is 10 degrees.

The gas guide plate is a hollow plate with two open ends, one end opening of the gas guide plate is communicated with the inner cavity of the secondary pyrolysis tube, and the other end opening of the gas guide plate is communicated with the cavity between the furnace body and the outer tube.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. in the invention, materials and products are fed in a spiral structure formed by a plurality of layers of smoke guide plates in a pyrolysis furnace in a winding manner by means of self weight and integral nonuniformity, so that the continuous production of the materials is realized by self gravity; the spiral structure formed by the multiple layers of smoke guide plates improves the heat exchange area of the material, effectively shortens the pyrolysis time, improves the heat value of fuel gas, ensures that the material is uniformly and fully heated and reacts, and improves the pyrolysis speed of the material; the retention time of the materials in the pyrolysis furnace is prolonged, so that the materials react more fully; meanwhile, a complex mechanical operation device is not needed, energy consumption is reduced, and the reliability of safe and stable operation of the system is improved.

2. According to the invention, a spiral structure formed by multiple layers of smoke guide plates is adopted to increase the heat exchange area of materials and strengthen the internal and external reactions of the orbiting structure; the inside and outside heating is carried out by adopting a high-temperature flue gas baffling mode, so that the pyrolysis reaction of materials in the heating pipe is promoted, and the heat utilization efficiency is high. The problems of small heat exchange area and low gas value existing in the prior pyrolysis device adopting semi-gasification direct combustion and indirect external heating for heat exchange are solved.

3. According to the invention, materials are fully pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis furnace, pyrolysis gas is conveyed downwards and is cooled by being cooled by air, secondary pyrolysis reaction is carried out on the secondary pyrolysis tube of the pyrolysis gas under the influence of high temperature in the reaction zone, the trend of the pyrolysis gas is similar to a U shape, the overall heat exchange efficiency of the system is improved, the heat value of the fuel gas is effectively improved, and clean high-quality fuel gas is produced.

4. According to the invention, the internal and external synchronous heating is carried out by adopting a high-temperature flue gas baffling heat exchange mode, the flue gas temperature of a lower layer hot flue gas inlet is high, so that the materials are fully pyrolyzed, the upper layer flue gas temperature is relatively low, so that the materials are subjected to preliminary reaction, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is gradually reduced from bottom to top in a flue gas guide plate, and finally the high-temperature flue gas is conveyed to a drying furnace and a material lifting system to fully utilize waste heat; the pyrolysis gas is subjected to secondary reaction in the high-temperature section of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe, heat is transferred to the outside of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe in the upward discharging process, the temperature is gradually reduced, and finally the pyrolysis gas is conveyed to a combustion furnace, a boiler and a gas generator to supply power, heat and steam in multiple ways, so that the comprehensive utilization value is improved. Therefore, the whole pyrolysis furnace has the advantages of heat transfer interaction, high heat utilization efficiency and realization of gradient utilization of energy.

5. According to the invention, the temperature of the biomass charcoal is reduced by using the air cooler, so that high-quality biomass charcoal is ensured to be obtained, and the product quality is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the air cooler of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the hot flue gas profile of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a hot inner barrel flue gas flow diagram in the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a hot flue gas flow diagram of the outer tub of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the pyrolysis gas profile of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the inner drum pyrolysis gas in the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a view showing the outer tub pyrolysis gas in the present invention.

In the figure, a furnace body 1, an inner cylinder 2, an outer cylinder 3, a conical distributor 4, a secondary pyrolysis tube 5 for pyrolysis gas, a pyrolysis gas outlet 6, a flue gas outlet 7, a hot flue gas inlet 8, a flue gas guide plate 9, a fuel gas guide plate 10, an outer guide partition plate 11, an inner guide partition plate 12, a wire material level meter 13, an expansion joint 14, an ash cleaning hole 15, an outer box 16, an inner box 17, a cylinder 18, an air cooling guide plate 19, a heated air outlet 20, a partition plate 21 and an air cooling observation hole 22.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawing description and the detailed description.

Referring to fig. 1, the biomass high-efficiency energy-saving pyrolysis furnace device comprises a pyrolysis furnace and an air cooler, wherein a biomass charcoal discharge port at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace is communicated with a material inlet at the upper part of the air cooler.

Referring to fig. 2, the air cooler includes an outer box 16 and an inner box 17, a closed cavity is formed between the outer box 16 and the inner box 17, a closed cylinder 18 is arranged in the inner box 17, and a charcoal channel is formed between the inner box 16 and the cylinder 17. A plurality of layers of air cooling guide plates 19 are arranged between the inner box body 17 and the cylinder body 18, the air cooling guide plates 19 are hollow plates with openings at two ends, one end opening of each air cooling guide plate 19 is communicated with the inner cavity of the cylinder body 18, and the other end opening of each air cooling guide plate 19 is communicated with a cavity between the outer box body 16 and the inner box body 17; the air cooling guide plates 19 are designed into a sheet shape and are symmetrically arranged, and the air cooling guide plates can be contacted with the biochar in the largest area, so that the temperature of the biochar is reduced, and the comprehensive utilization rate of energy is improved. The bottom of the outer box 16 is provided with a cold air natural suction inlet communicated with the cavity between the outer box 16 and the inner box 17, the upper part of the outer box 16 is provided with a heated air outlet 20 communicated with the cavity between the outer box 16 and the inner box 17, and a partition plate 21 is arranged in the cavity between the outer box 16 and the inner box 17 corresponding to the adjacent air cooling guide plate 19.

Referring to fig. 1, the pyrolysis furnace comprises a furnace body 1, and a feeding hole is formed in the top of the furnace body 1. An inner cylinder 2 and an outer cylinder 3 are arranged in the middle of the furnace body 1, the cylinder body of the inner cylinder 2 is sleeved in the outer cylinder 3, and a conical distributor 4 is arranged at the top of the inner cylinder 2 corresponding to a feed inlet of the furnace body 1. A pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5 is arranged in the inner tube 2, and the inner cavity of the inner tube 2 is not communicated with the inner cavity of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5; the top of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5 is an outlet, and the bottom of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5 is an inlet. The upper part of the furnace body 1 is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet 6 and a flue gas outlet 7, the lower part of the furnace body 1 is provided with a hot flue gas inlet 8, the outlet of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5 is communicated with the pyrolysis gas outlet 6, and the flue gas outlet 7 and the hot flue gas inlet 8 are both communicated with the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 2.

Referring to fig. 1, specifically, a plurality of groups of spiral structures formed by vertically staggering a plurality of layers of flue gas guide plates 9 are arranged between the outer cylinder 3 and the inner cylinder 2; the flue gas deflector 9 be both ends open-ended hollow plate, flue gas deflector 9 one end opening and inner tube 2 inner chamber UNICOM, flue gas deflector 9 other end opening and the cavity intercommunication between furnace body 1 and urceolus 3. Outer guide partition plates 11 are arranged between the furnace body 1 and the outer cylinder 3 at intervals of two layers of flue gas guide plates 9, inner guide partition plates 12 are arranged between the inner cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder 3 at intervals of two layers of flue gas guide plates 9, and the outer guide partition plates 11 and the inner guide partition plates 12 are arranged in a staggered manner; the flue gas outlet 7 is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner barrel 2 through a topmost flue gas guide plate 9, and the hot flue gas inlet 8 is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner barrel 2 through a bottommost flue gas guide plate 9. Furthermore, the included angle between the upper and lower adjacent flue gas guide plates 9 in the same group is 10 degrees, so that the flue gas guide plates 9 in the same group are in a gradual multi-orbiting spiral structure on the whole.

Referring to fig. 1, specifically, a gas guide plate 10 is arranged between the outer cylinder 3 and the inner cylinder 2 corresponding to an outlet at the top of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5, the gas guide plate 10 is a hollow plate with two open ends, an opening at one end of the gas guide plate 10 is communicated with an inner cavity of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5, and an opening at the other end of the gas guide plate 10 is communicated with a cavity between the furnace body 1 and the outer cylinder 3. And an isolation guide plate is arranged between the inner cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder 3 corresponding to the gas guide plate 10 and the smoke guide plate 9.

Referring to fig. 1, 3 to 5, the pyrolysis furnace exchanges heat for biomass materials through a flue gas guide plate 9 heated by high-temperature flue gas, so that pyrolysis of the biomass materials is realized; the flue gas deflector 9 of the hollow plate structure is used for passing hot flue gas and heating the hot flue gas. Hot flue gas of about 950 ℃ from a combustion furnace enters the pyrolysis furnace from a hot flue gas inlet 8, is discharged from a flue gas outlet 7, namely, high-temperature flue gas enters from the lower part of the pyrolysis section and goes out from the upper part of the pyrolysis section, the massive biomass raw material is heated and pyrolyzed gradually through heat conduction, and the final products are pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis carbon. An outer guide clapboard 11 between the inner cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder 3 directionally controls the circulation of the flue gas, thereby achieving the purpose of artificially controlling the heat exchange trend of the hot flue gas; the hot flue gas is heated from bottom to top according to the trend of the shape of the Chinese character 'Z', the biomass material is contacted with the heated flue gas guide plate 9 in a large area, and the heat transfer efficiency of the hot flue gas to the material in the flue gas guide plate 9 is effectively realized.

Referring to fig. 1, 6 to 8, the pyrolysis furnace is accompanied with the material to perform the material feeding in the pyrolysis furnace in an orbiting manner, and the generated pyrolysis gas is transferred downwards; the temperature of the flue gas is reduced under the influence of air cooling, and the temperature of the pyrolysis gas finally gathered at the lower part of the furnace body 1 is 300-400 ℃. The pyrolysis gas is gradually conveyed upwards in the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5, the trend of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube is similar to a U shape, the high-temperature area of the secondary pyrolysis tube is 500-600 ℃, the pyrolysis gas is subjected to secondary pyrolysis, and the reaction is full; the pyrolysis gas continuously transfers heat to the pyrolysis furnace in the upward conveying process, the temperature is gradually reduced to about 400 ℃, and finally the pyrolysis gas is conveyed to equipment such as a combustion furnace, a boiler, a gas generator and the like from a pyrolysis gas outlet 6 to supply power, heat and steam in multiple ways, so that the comprehensive utilization value of the pyrolysis gas is improved.

Referring to fig. 1 to 8, during pyrolysis, firstly, biomass raw materials are put into a pyrolysis furnace to reach a conical distributor 4, and the biomass materials can uniformly fall into a cavity between a furnace body 1 and an outer cylinder 3 under the action of the conical distributor 4. The spiral structure formed by the multilayer smoke guide plates 9 in an up-and-down staggered manner greatly increases the contact area of materials in the pyrolysis furnace, so that the materials realize continuous reaction under the action of self gravity; meanwhile, the temperature of the flue gas guide plate 9 on the same layer is different, so that the reaction degree of the materials is different, the gravity of the materials is not uniform, the falling speed of the materials at different parts is different, and the blocking condition is avoided. The initial water content of the material entering the pyrolysis furnace is about 15%, and after the initial reaction, the temperature is raised to 300-400 ℃ under the action of the residual heat of the flue gas in the flue gas guide plate 9 and the gaseous product of the secondary pyrolysis tube in the secondary pyrolysis tube 5 of the pyrolysis gas, so that the complete reaction of the material is guaranteed; then the reaction is carried out at high temperature of 500-600 ℃ to realize complete reaction. The biochar falling from the pyrolysis furnace has very high temperature and can be used and stored after being cooled; the air cooler is used for primarily cooling the biochar, and the specific process is as follows: the biochar enters the inner box body 17 from a material inlet at the upper part of the air cooler, cold air enters the air cooling guide plate 19, and the biochar in the inner box body 17 is cooled to 200-300 ℃; meanwhile, the temperature of the cold air rises and the cold air is conveyed into the combustion furnace through the heating air outlet 20 to provide heat for the combustion furnace, so that the energy is recycled.

Referring to fig. 1 to 8, the device changes the production scale by increasing or decreasing the number of the flue gas guide plates 9 in the pyrolysis furnace, and realizes continuous feeding, drying and stable pyrolysis of wastes. The helical structure that forms through multilayer flue gas deflector 9 in the pyrolysis oven relies on self weight and whole inhomogeneity to carry out the wraparound unloading, under isolated air condition, realizes that the material realizes continuous pyrolysis production, output solid-state charcoal through self gravity. The internal and external heating is carried out by adopting a mode of internal and external baffling heat exchange of high-temperature flue gas, the heat utilization efficiency is high, macromolecules in the fuel gas are treated by secondary pyrolysis, the fuel gas impurities are reduced, the heat value of the fuel gas is improved, the quality of the fuel gas is improved to the maximum extent, and clean high-quality fuel gas is produced; the heat supply, the back combustion and the power generation are well utilized, and meanwhile, the low-temperature flue gas is sent into the drying furnace to fully utilize the waste heat, so that the gradient cyclic utilization of energy is realized; the method realizes the integrated operation of effective integration and pyrolytic carbon and gas mass-stripping reaction, and is beneficial to the cooperative modification and high-value utilization of carbon and gas products, thereby improving the quality and environmental benefits of project products. The system is convenient to operate, high in production efficiency, wide in technical applicability and easy to realize modular design; the investment cost and the operation and maintenance cost are reduced, and the method has important significance for the popularization and the application of the biomass pyrolysis technology.

The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention relates, several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the above-mentioned structures should be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a dead weight spiral is gradually advanced formula living beings high efficiency and energy saving pyrolysis oven device which characterized in that: including pyrolysis oven and air cooler, pyrolysis oven bottom biomass charcoal discharge gate and air cooler upper portion material import intercommunication, the pyrolysis oven include furnace body (1), furnace body (1) top is provided with the feed inlet, and middle part is provided with inner tube (2) and urceolus (3) in furnace body (1), inner tube (2) barrel cover put in urceolus (3), the feed inlet that inner tube (2) top corresponds furnace body (1) is provided with toper tripper (4), is provided with pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe (5) in inner tube (2), the inner chamber of inner tube (2) and the inner chamber of pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe (5) do not communicate, pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe (5) top be the export, pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe (5) bottom is the import, furnace body (1) upper portion be provided with pyrolysis gas export (6) and exhanst gas outlet (7), furnace body (1) lower part is provided with hot flue gas inlet (8), pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe (5) export and pyrolysis gas export (6) intercommunication, exhanst gas outlet (7) and hot gas inlet (8) all with exhanst gas outlet (2) and exhanst gas outlet (7), the inner tube (2) lower part is provided with the crisscross guide plate of the inner tube (9) and the inner tube communicates by the crisscross cavity about the internal duct (9), the internal chamber of urceolus gas guide plate of urceolus outlet (9) is two sets up and is the open-up and is the multi-up and is the open-up and is the spiral guide plate of urceolus guide plate of inner tube (9) is the inner tube, flue gas deflector (9) one end opening and inner tube (2) inner chamber UNICOM, cavity intercommunication between flue gas deflector (9) other end opening and furnace body (1) and urceolus (3), every two-layer flue gas deflector (9) are provided with outer guide baffle (11) between furnace body (1) and urceolus (3), every two-layer flue gas deflector (9) are provided with interior guide baffle (12) between inner tube (2) and urceolus (3), and crisscross the setting between outer guide baffle (11) and interior guide baffle (12), exhanst gas outlet (7) and inner tube (2) inner chamber between communicate through the superiors' flue gas deflector (9), hot flue gas import (8) and inner tube (2) inner chamber between communicate through bottommost layer flue gas deflector (9).

2. The self-weight spiral progressive biomass high-efficiency energy-saving pyrolysis furnace device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the air cooler comprises an outer box body (16) and an inner box body (17), a sealed cavity is formed between the outer box body (16) and the inner box body (17), a sealed barrel body (18) is arranged in the inner box body (17), a plurality of layers of air cooling guide plates (19) are arranged between the inner box body (17) and the barrel body (18), the air cooling guide plates (19) are hollow plates with two open ends, one end opening of each air cooling guide plate (19) is communicated with the inner cavity of the barrel body (18), the other end opening of each air cooling guide plate (19) is communicated with the cavity between the outer box body (16) and the inner box body (17), a natural cold air suction inlet communicated with the cavity between the outer box body (16) and the inner box body (17) is formed in the bottom of the outer box body (16), a heating air outlet (20) communicated with the cavity between the outer box body (16) and the inner box body (17) is formed in the upper portion of the outer box body (16), and an isolation plate (21) corresponding to the adjacent air cooling guide plates (19) in the cavity between the inner box body (17).

3. The self-weight spiral progressive type biomass high-efficiency energy-saving pyrolysis furnace device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the included angle between the upper and lower adjacent flue gas guide plates (9) in the same group is 10 degrees.

4. The self-weight spiral progressive biomass high-efficiency energy-saving pyrolysis furnace device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: correspond pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe (5) top export and be provided with gas deflector (10) between urceolus (3) and inner tube (2), gas deflector (10) be both ends open-ended hollow plate, gas deflector (10) one end opening and pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe (5) inner chamber UNICOM, cavity intercommunication between gas deflector (10) other end opening and furnace body (1) and urceolus (3).