CN111099590A - Coal-based activated carbon production process - Google Patents
Coal-based activated carbon production process Download PDFInfo
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- CN111099590A CN111099590A CN201910488100.6A CN201910488100A CN111099590A CN 111099590 A CN111099590 A CN 111099590A CN 201910488100 A CN201910488100 A CN 201910488100A CN 111099590 A CN111099590 A CN 111099590A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
- C01B32/33—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from distillation residues of coal or petroleum; from petroleum acid sludge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0066—Preliminary conditioning of the solid carbonaceous reductant
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production process of coal-based activated carbon, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing: uniformly mixing iron oxide and coal to obtain a uniform material; a carbonization step: heating the mixed material to 300-850 ℃, and carbonizing the coal to generate carbon; an activation step: heating to 1000-1200 ℃ after the carbonization step, so that part of the carbon generated in the carbonization step reacts with the iron oxide to generate CO2Gas and elemental iron, said CO2The gas acts as an activator to activate another portion of the carbon to form activated carbon. The process of the invention uses a coal-based shaft furnace used in the production process of reduced iron for the production of activated carbon (called as a vertical furnace in the invention), the steps of carbonization and activation in the production process of the activated carbon are arranged in the same device, and CO generated by the reduction of iron oxide is utilized2With gas as coalThe activating agent and the carbon are reducing agents of the iron oxide, so that the working conditions of the activating agent and the carbon are highly coupled, two products are produced simultaneously, the production efficiency is effectively improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of activated carbon production, in particular to a production process of coal-based activated carbon.
Background
The active carbon has a developed pore structure and a large specific surface area, has the advantages of excellent adsorption performance, good chemical stability and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of food, pharmacy, medical health, environmental protection and the like.
Commercial activated carbon products mainly comprise coal-based activated carbon, wood activated carbon and shell activated carbon, and other carbon-containing materials (such as activated carbon prepared from chemical and domestic wastes) are frequently used in experimental research and special purposes. Compared with the activated carbon prepared by using wood chips, fruit shells, petroleum coke and the like as raw materials, the coal is a cheap and stable-source activated carbon production raw material, and the activated carbon prepared by using the coal as the raw material has the advantages of easy regeneration, wear resistance and the like. Although the activated carbon method has been successfully used for desulfurization and denitrification of flue gas, the activated carbon preparation process has the following disadvantages: (1) the production process has long flow, needs a plurality of steps of adding a binder for forming, carbonizing, activating and the like, and has high production cost, so that the price of the activated carbon is relatively high at present; (2) the active carbon has low mechanical strength and large loss in adsorption, regeneration and round-trip use; (3) the active carbon has low volatile content and is not beneficial to denitration.
Coal is a combustible black or brownish black sedimentary rock, composed primarily of carbon, along with various amounts of other elements, primarily hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen. Coal contains moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon, and carbonization is a process of volatilizing volatile matter in coal.
The activation of the activated carbon means: adopts water vapor and flue gas (the main component is CO)2) Or the mixed gas thereof and other oxygen-containing gas are used as an activating agent, and are contacted with carbon at high temperature to generate oxidation-reduction reaction for activation to generate carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen or other hydrocarbon gases, and the purpose of forming pores in the carbon particles is achieved through the gasification reaction ("ignition loss") of the carbon.
The conventional two-step preparation process comprises the following steps: and (3) in the carbonization furnace, the carbonization temperature is 500-600 ℃, the carbonization time is 30 minutes, the carbonized product is taken out of the carbonization furnace, cooled and sent into an activation furnace, and activated by using steam as an activating agent, wherein the activation temperature is 930 ℃, the activation time is 5 hours, the yield is 40%, and the unit consumption of the steam is 4 tons. It can be seen that energy is consumed in the carbonization and activation processes, the temperature reduction loss in the processes is large, the product is single, and the energy consumption is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems of long preparation flow, complex process, high cost, poor mechanical strength of products and the like of the existing coal-based activated carbon, the invention provides a preparation method of activated carbon, activation and reduction are completed in one step, a carbonization and forming unit is omitted, the process flow is simplified, high-quality activated carbon is obtained, the byproduct reduction pellets can be recycled, resources are utilized to the maximum extent, and the preparation method aims at simplifying the preparation process, reducing the preparation cost, improving the adsorption performance and mechanical strength of the prepared activated carbon and improving the competitiveness of the process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a production process of coal-based activated carbon, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing: uniformly mixing iron oxide and coal to obtain a uniform material;
a carbonization step: heating the mixed material to 300-850 ℃, and carbonizing the coal to generate carbon;
an activation step: heating to 1000-1200 ℃ after the carbonization step, so that part of the carbon generated in the carbonization step is reacted with the carbonThe iron oxide reacts to form CO2Gas and elemental iron, said CO2The gas acts as an activator to activate another portion of the carbon to form activated carbon.
The carbonization and activation reaction is carried out in one activation hearth, the vertical furnace used in practical production can be provided with a plurality of activation hearths, different heights in the activation hearths have different temperatures, heat required by the reaction comes from combustion of gas fuel in the vertical furnace, a partition wall is arranged between the position of the gas fuel and the activation hearths, and a heat source is positioned in the activation hearths. During reaction, the mixed material is added from the top of the activation chamber, moved downwards to different heights of the activation chamber according to the time change and the required reaction temperature, and finally discharged from the bottom of the activation chamber.
Charring refers to the process of volatilization of volatile components in coal and increase of fixed carbon content.
Activated means CO2The gas contacts with the carbon in a high-temperature environment to generate oxidation-reduction reaction, and the carbon in the carbon is gasified, so that the activated carbon with developed gaps and the corresponding specific surface area is generated.
Further, after the activation step, a cooling step and a magnetic separation step are further included, the product obtained after the activation step is cooled to room temperature in the cooling step, and the product obtained after the cooling step is subjected to magnetic separation by a magnetic separation device to separate the activated carbon from the elemental iron in the magnetic separation step.
Further, the weight ratio of the iron oxide to the coal in the uniformly mixing step is 100: 40-80.
Further, the carbonization time is 4-8 hours.
Furthermore, the activation time is 8-16 hours.
Further, the coal in the blending step is one or more selected from anthracite, bituminous coal and semi-coke; in the mixing step, the coal is dry particles, powder or molded coal with the granularity of 3-15 mm.
Particle size refers to the size of the particle, and generally the size of a spherical particle is expressed in terms of diameter. In the production process, coal particles with the diameter of 3-15 mm are screened out through a circular hole sieve.
The briquette is a finished coal product which is formed by pressing pulverized coal serving as a main raw material according to the proportion, mechanical strength and shape and size required by specific application and has certain strength, size and shape.
Further, the iron oxide in the blending step may be in the form of particles.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that the device used in the reduced iron production process, namely the coal-based shaft furnace is used for producing the active carbon (namely the vertical furnace), based on the characteristics of the direct reduction process of the coal-based shaft furnace, the upper part of the vertical furnace is a low-temperature dry distillation carbonization stage, the middle part of the vertical furnace is a high-temperature activation stage, namely CO generated by the reduction of iron oxide is utilized2The gas is used as an activating agent of the carbon, the carbon is used as a reducing agent of the iron oxide, the activation of the carbon and the reduction of the iron occur simultaneously, the working conditions are highly coupled, and two products can be produced simultaneously.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) the technical requirements of the production process and the control contact ratio of the process parameters are high, the quality requirements of two products can be simultaneously met, and the method has wide application prospect and development potential in respective industries.
(2) The heat required by the carbonization step in the production process of the activated carbon is completely supplied by the waste heat of the lower activation step, the energy consumption is greatly reduced, and the carbonization step is completed in different height spaces in the same device, but the traditional method is that the conventional carbonization furnace is cooled to normal temperature after being subjected to high temperature of 800 ℃ and then is added into an activation furnace for high temperature activation, the energy consumption is higher by more than 30 percent, the process simultaneously produces the activated carbon and the reduced iron, the activated carbon is taken as one of products, the comprehensive production cost is reduced by more than 50 percent, the market competitiveness is greatly enhanced, and the production steps are obviously simplified.
(3) Because two products with high added values are produced simultaneously, the production cost of the activated carbon is greatly reduced, and the products have better market competitiveness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a process for producing coal-based activated carbon according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
As shown in figure 1, coal particles or briquette and iron-containing agglomerates are uniformly mixed to obtain a uniform mixture, the uniform mixture is added into a multi-hearth vertical furnace, carbonization and activation are carried out on the uniform mixture in the multi-hearth vertical furnace to generate activated carbon and elementary iron, the reacted uniform mixture is discharged from the bottom of the furnace, and the activated carbon and reduced iron are obtained by separation through a magnetic separation device.
Example 1: a production process of activated carbon using granular bituminous coal and hematite comprises the following main production steps:
(1) bituminous coal particles of 5-20 mm are used, wherein the volatile content of the bituminous coal is 25%, and the fixed carbon content is 45%;
(2) using 5-30 mm hematite natural lump ore, wherein the total iron content is 58%;
(3) mixing bituminous coal particles and natural lump ore uniformly according to the weight ratio of 60: 100;
(4) the material distribution facility feeds the uniformly mixed material into a multi-hearth vertical furnace, and the multi-hearth vertical furnace runs from top to bottom, wherein the temperature of a carbonization section is 300-800 ℃, and the temperature of an activation section is 1000-1100 ℃; the retention time of the furnace burden in the activation section is 10-12 hours; finally, cooling the furnace burden from a lower cooling area to 50-100 ℃ and discharging;
(5) and (3) carrying out magnetic separation on the mixed material and the like to obtain active carbon and sponge iron, wherein the yield of the active carbon is 45%, the iodine adsorption value is 650mg/g, the metallization rate of the sponge iron is 93%, and the total iron content is 85%.
Example 2: a production process of cold-pressed pellet active carbon by using pulverized coal bituminous coal and magnetite comprises the following main production steps:
(1) using bituminous coal powder with less than 50 meshes and content of more than 90%, wherein the volatile content of bituminous coal is 25%, the fixed carbon content is 45%, adding adhesive, extruding and pressing bituminous coal
The briquette of (1);
(2) use of
The magnetite cold-pressed pellets of (1), wherein the total iron is 68%;
(3) uniformly mixing the molded coal and the pellets according to the weight ratio of 50: 100;
(4) the material distribution facility feeds the uniformly mixed material into a multi-hearth vertical furnace, and the multi-hearth vertical furnace runs from top to bottom, wherein the temperature of a carbonization section is 300-800 ℃, and the temperature of an activation section is 1000-1100 ℃; the retention time of the furnace burden in the activation section is 10-12 hours; finally, cooling the furnace burden from a lower cooling area to 50-100 ℃ and discharging;
(5) and (3) carrying out magnetic separation on the mixed material and the like to obtain active carbon and sponge iron, wherein the yield of the active carbon is 55%, the iodine adsorption value is 550mg/g, the metallization rate of the sponge iron is 93%, and the total iron content is 91%.
Example 3: a production process of activated carbon using anthracite particles and iron scale pellets mainly comprises the following production steps:
(1) anthracite particles with the size of 5-20 mm are used, the volatile content is 10%, and the fixed carbon is 80%;
(2) use of
The total iron content of the scale cold-pressed pellets is 71 percent;
(3) uniformly mixing the molded coal and the pellets according to the weight ratio of 70: 100;
(4) the material distribution facility feeds the uniformly mixed material into a multi-hearth vertical furnace, and the multi-hearth vertical furnace runs from top to bottom, wherein the temperature of a carbonization section is 300-800 ℃, and the temperature of an activation section is 1100-1200 ℃; the retention time of the furnace burden in the activation section is 12-14 hours; finally, cooling the furnace burden from a lower cooling area to 50-100 ℃ and discharging;
(5) and (3) carrying out magnetic separation on the mixed material and the like to obtain active carbon and sponge iron, wherein the yield of the active carbon is 70%, the iodine adsorption value is 550mg/g, the metallization rate of the sponge iron is 93%, and the total iron content is 95%.
Example 4: a production process of activated carbon using semi-coke particles and iron scale pellets mainly comprises the following production steps:
(1) using semi-coke particles of 5-20 mm, wherein the volatile content is 10% and the fixed carbon content is 80%;
(2) use of
The total iron content of the scale cold-pressed pellets is 71 percent;
(3) uniformly mixing the molded coal and the pellets according to the weight ratio of 70: 100;
(4) the material distribution facility feeds the uniformly mixed material into a multi-hearth vertical furnace, and the multi-hearth vertical furnace runs from top to bottom, wherein the temperature of a carbonization section is 400-850 ℃, and the temperature of an activation section is 1000-1200 ℃; the retention time of the furnace burden in the activation section is 8-16 hours; finally, cooling the furnace burden from a lower cooling area to 50-100 ℃ and discharging;
(5) and (3) carrying out magnetic separation on the mixed material and the like to obtain active carbon and sponge iron, wherein the yield of the active carbon is 70%, the iodine adsorption value is 650mg/g, the metallization rate of the sponge iron is 93%, and the total iron content is 95%.
The above description is only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A production process of coal-based activated carbon is characterized by comprising the following steps:
uniformly mixing: uniformly mixing iron oxide and coal to obtain a uniform material;
a carbonization step: heating the mixed material to 300-850 ℃, and carbonizing the coal to generate carbon;
an activation step: heating to 1000-1200 ℃ after the carbonization step, so that part of the carbon generated in the carbonization step reacts with the iron oxide to generate CO2Gas and elemental iron, said CO2The gas acts as an activator to activate another portion of the carbon to form activated carbon.
2. A process for the production of coal-based activated carbon as claimed in claim 1,
and after the activation step, a cooling step and a magnetic separation step are further included, the product obtained in the activation step is cooled to 50-100 ℃ in the cooling step, and the product obtained in the cooling step is subjected to magnetic separation by a magnetic separation device to separate the activated carbon from the elemental iron product in the magnetic separation step.
3. A process for the production of coal-based activated carbon as claimed in claim 1,
the weight ratio of the iron oxide to the coal in the uniformly mixing step is 100: 40-80.
4. A process for the production of coal-based activated carbon as claimed in claim 1 or 3,
the carbonization time is 4-8 hours.
5. A process for the production of coal-based activated carbon as claimed in claim 1 or 3,
the activation time is 8-16 hours.
6. A process for the production of coal-based activated carbon as claimed in claim 1,
in the mixing step, the coal is one or more selected from anthracite, bituminous coal and semi-coke;
in the mixing step, the coal is dry particles, powder or briquette with the granularity of 3-15 mm.
7. A process for the production of coal-based activated carbon as claimed in claim 1,
in the mixing step, the iron oxide is granular.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114735695A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-07-12 | 浙江颀正环保科技有限公司 | Activated carbon activation method and device based on dynamic adjustment of mixed gas |
| CN115155608A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-10-11 | 山西大学 | Method for enhancing performance of activated carbon-based low-temperature SCR denitration catalyst by utilizing iron component in activated carbon |
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| CN107739819A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-02-27 | 武汉科思瑞迪科技有限公司 | A kind of method of coal base shaft furnace process processing iron content red mud |
| CN107827197A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-03-23 | 武汉科思瑞迪科技有限公司 | A kind of water purification agent process for producing sponge iron |
| CN107881349A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-06 | 武汉科思瑞迪科技有限公司 | A kind of based shaft kiln directly reduced technique of the coal of lateritic nickel ore |
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2019
- 2019-06-05 CN CN201910488100.6A patent/CN111099590A/en active Pending
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| US3617256A (en) * | 1968-02-28 | 1971-11-02 | Fmc Corp | Process for simultaneously producing powdered iron and active carbon |
| CN1235123A (en) * | 1998-05-12 | 1999-11-17 | 煤炭科学研究总院北京煤化学研究所 | Method for producing activated carbon with vertical furnace |
| CN203487094U (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-03-19 | 宁波互联聚能环保技术有限公司 | Integrated drying, carbonizing and activating equipment for carbon-containing solids |
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| CN106629712A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-10 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing activated carbon from mixture of coal and biomass |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114735695A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-07-12 | 浙江颀正环保科技有限公司 | Activated carbon activation method and device based on dynamic adjustment of mixed gas |
| CN114735695B (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2023-11-21 | 浙江颀正环保科技有限公司 | Activated carbon activation method and device based on mixed gas dynamic adjustment |
| CN115155608A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-10-11 | 山西大学 | Method for enhancing performance of activated carbon-based low-temperature SCR denitration catalyst by utilizing iron component in activated carbon |
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Application publication date: 20200505 |