Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus
Technical field
This utility model belongs to fine coal processing technique field, is specifically related to a kind of fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus.
Background technology
The energy resource structure feature of China is rich coal, gas oil-poor, few.As coal production maximum in the world and country of consumption,
Within one considerably long period, the status that coal resources dominate the energy as China is unshakable.According to statistics, China is
Verifying coal reserves is 114,500,000,000 tons, and wherein middle low-order coal (brown coal, lower-grade metamorphic bituminous) accounts for again whole nation reserves
About 55.15%.Owing to low-order coal has moisture height, easy-weathering spontaneous combustion, is difficult to sorting, should not transport for long-distance and storage etc.
Feature so that its comprehensive utilization is very limited.Wherein directly combustion power generation is one of its modal Land use systems.According to not
Adding up completely, there are the brown coal of more than 90% in China for station boiler and various Industrial Boiler.Low-order coal is as thermal coal fuel
Directly burning, not only wastes the hydrocarbon rich resource contained in coal, and efficiency is low.Fired with semicoke by low-temperature pyrolysis of coal
Burn, gasification decouples, it is achieved low-order coal classification high-efficiency cleaning trans-utilization, is the Main way of present large-scale Coal Chemical Industry.
It is widely used along with modernization coal mining is polytechnic so that the ratio of lump coal declines (by 40% current decline 10
~20%), fine coal productivity raises (being risen to 80~90% by current 60%).There is easy airborne dust, inflammable, explosive in fine coal, combines
Conjunction utilizes the problems such as difficulty is big, pyrolysis of coal technology to be considered as the maximally efficient approach of coal high-efficiency clean utilization.
Prior art one
Of the prior art Toscoal hot solid carrier devolatilization technique is briefly described below.
Fig. 5 is the process chart of prior art one.As it is shown in figure 5, the technological process of this technique is: raw material is through being crushed to
Below 12.7mm, enters coal and is dried and preheater 2, is being dried and in preheater, coal and heat smoke contact mass transfer heat exchange.Drying and preheating
After fine coal, carried to cyclone separator 3 by heat smoke.In cyclone separator 3, coal separates with useless flue gas, after drying and preheating
Coal enter pyrolysis reactor 6, and from the red-hot porcelain mixed pyrolysis in Ceramic Balls preheater 4.Pyrolysis of coal product and porcelain ball exist
Separating in sifter 7, pyrolysis char is discharged after cooling, is pyrolyzed oil gas fractional distillation in fractionating column, pyrolysis coal gas and air at pottery
In porcelain ball pyrolysis apparatus, the cold porcelain ball heat supply from riser 8 is given in burning, it is achieved recycling of cold and hot porcelain ball.
Toscoal hot solid carrier devolatilization technique uses partial thermal decomposition gas-fired, is heated by cold porcelain ball.Porcelain after heating
Ball and dried coal mixed pyrolysis in pyrolysis reactor, produce pyrolysis oil gas and semicoke.Semicoke and the screened separation of porcelain ball
After, semicoke cools down, and the boosted pipe of porcelain ball is promoted to Ceramic Balls preheater waste heat, completes once to circulate.
Prior art one has the drawback that
In cyclic process, there is mechanical wear in Ceramic Balls, and during airlift conveying Ceramic Balls, to pipeline and
Equipment inner wall has a certain degree of abrasion.
Additionally, pyrolysis reactor uses rotary kiln, the oil gas time of staying that pyrolysis produces is long, and oil gas secondary response is violent,
Tar quality declines.
And, after pyrolysis, semicoke and Ceramic Balls are completely separated difficulty.
Prior art two
Fig. 6 is the process chart of prior art two.As shown in Figure 6, god's mansion SH internal thermal upright carbonization furnace technological process
For: after raw coal (20~150mm) after crushing and screening, it is delivered to the coal tower of furnace roof, enters uprightly through sealing-tape machine, coal valve and auxiliary coal bin
In stove.Lump coal in upright furnace moves from top to bottom, with high-temperature gas counter current contacting.Upright furnace top is lump coal preheating section, in advance
Lump coal is preheated to 360~400 DEG C by hot arc;Lump coal after preheating enters the retort section in the middle part of upright furnace, and retort section lump coal is added
Heat, to 680~720 DEG C, produces semicoke and pyrolysis gas, and semicoke is discharged by cooling after the cooling section of carbonization chamber bottom, pyrolysis gas warp
Tedge, bridge tube enter pneumatic trough.In pneumatic trough, high-temperature hot is vented one's spleen by about cyclic ammonia water spraying cooling to 80 DEG C, obtains slightly
Coal gas and tar, as the heating fuel of upright furnace after raw gas is purified.
Prior art two has the drawback that
SH type internal thermal upright carbonization furnace PROCESS FOR TREATMENT lump coal, is not suitable for pulverized coal pyrolysis.
SH type internal thermal upright carbonization furnace technique uses gas heat carrier, and the pyrolysis petroleum resources produced after pyrolysis is by gas
Heat carrier dilutes, and calorific value is low.
Pyrolysis petroleum resources condensation number is big.
Lump coal volume is big, and heat transfer coefficient is low, and heat transfer efficiency is the highest, and pyrolysis time is long, and oil gas secondary response is violent, tar product
Matter is the highest.
Equipment is huge, is difficult to operation.
Utility model content
The problem existed for above prior art, the utility model proposes a kind of fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus, it is possible to have
Effect removes dust present in pyrolysis gas, improves tar quality high, and not to be diluted calorific value high for pyrolysis gas simultaneously, can improve tar and
Pyrolysis gas quality.
The utility model proposes fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus, including:
Reactor body, described reactor body limits reaction compartment, described reaction compartment can be divided into from top to down into
Material district, pyrolysis zone and discharge zone;
Described feed zone includes: material inlet, and described material inlet is positioned at the top of described reactor body;
Described pyrolysis zone includes: multilamellar heat accumulation type radiant tube, described multilamellar heat accumulation type radiant tube edge in described pyrolysis zone
Described reactor body short transverse is spaced apart, and every layer of described heat accumulation type radiant tube includes multiple horizontally spaced
The heat accumulation type radiant tube of distribution;
Described discharge zone includes: semicoke exports, and the outlet of described semicoke is positioned at the bottom of described reactor body, for by heat
Semicoke after solution discharges described reactor body;
Granular bed, is used for removing dust present in pyrolysis gas, and described granular bed includes housing and plate
Valve, described housing is connected with described reactor body inwall, thus limits the inner space of described granular bed, described shell
The top of body and bottom end opening, described push-pull valve is positioned at the bottom of described housing, and the handwheel of described push-pull valve is by described reactor
Body exterior passes inwall, thus makes the flashboard bottom as described housing of described push-pull valve;
Pyrolysis gas outlet, described pyrolysis gas outlet is positioned on the sidewall of the described reactor body corresponding to described housing.
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus as above, wherein, farther includes the first interlayer, and described first interlayer is positioned at institute
Stating enclosure interior, go out space with described reactor body inner wall limit, described first interlayer surface has loose structure.
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus as above, wherein, between described first interlayer and described reactor body away from
From less than 5cm.
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus as above, wherein, farther includes the second interlayer, and described second interlayer is with described
First interlayer is arranged in parallel, and described second interlayer and described inner walls limit space, described second interlayer surface tool
There is loose structure.
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus as above, wherein, the distance between the second interlayer and described reactor body is little
In 5cm.
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus as above, wherein, farther includes multiple granular bed, the plurality of granule
Moving bed inwall with described reactor body respectively is connected.
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus as above, wherein, the plurality of granular bed is by described reactor body
Wall circumferencial direction is evenly distributed on described discharge zone.
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus as above, wherein, farther includes multiple first interlayer and the second interlayer, described
Multiple first interlayers and the plurality of second interlayer limit with described reactor body inwall and described shell inner surface respectively
Space.
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus as above, wherein, farther includes multiple pyrolysis gas outlet, the plurality of pyrolysis
Gas outlet lays respectively on the sidewall of the described reactor body corresponding to the plurality of first interlayer.
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus as above, wherein, every layer of described heat accumulation type radiant tube include multiple parallel and
Equally distributed heat accumulation type radiant tube, and every layer of heat accumulation type radiant tube is parallel with upper and lower two-layer heat accumulation type radiant tube, and along anti-
Device body height direction is answered to be interspersed.
By using fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus described in the utility model, heat accumulation type radiant tube formula down-flow fluidized bed using ECT is used to process
Fine coal, it is possible to the effective pyrolysis particle diameter fine coal less than 3mm.
By using heat accumulation type radiant tube formula down-flow fluidized bed using ECT, pyrolysis petroleum resources is in bottom particles moving bed removes pyrolysis gas
The dust existed, the dustiness in pyrolysis gas declines, and the quality of pyrolysis gas and tar improves, and the pretreatment that tar refining processes becomes
This reduction.High-temperature semi-coke has second pyrolysis effect to the heavy tar components in high temperature pyrolysis oil gas so that pyrolysis gas productivity increases
Add.Total tar yield declines, and in tar, light components productivity rises, and heavy component productivity declines.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By the detailed description made in conjunction with the following drawings, of the present utility model above-mentioned or otherwise content will become
Become apparent from and be easier to understand, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of this utility model fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus;
Fig. 2 is the front view of the granular bed of this utility model fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus;
Fig. 3 is the granular bed top view of this utility model fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the push-pull valve of this utility model fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus;
Fig. 5 is the process chart of prior art one;
Fig. 6 is the process chart of prior art two.
In accompanying drawing, each label is expressed as follows:
1: reactor body, 11: feed zone, 12: pyrolysis zone, 13: discharge zone;
2: heat accumulation type radiant tube;
3: granular bed, 31: housing, 32: push-pull valve, 321: handwheel, 322: flashboard,
33: the first interlayers, 34: the second interlayers;
4: pyrolysis gas outlet;
5: semicoke;
6: material inlet;
7: semicoke exports.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe detailed description of the invention of the present utility model below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in detail.
Detailed description of the invention/the embodiment recorded at this is specific detailed description of the invention of the present utility model, is used for
Bright design of the present utility model, is all explanatory and exemplary, should not be construed as this utility model embodiment and this reality
Restriction by novel scope.In addition to the embodiment recorded at this, those skilled in the art can also be based on the application claim
Book and description disclosure of that use other technical scheme obvious, and these technical schemes include using to be remembered at this
The technical scheme making any obvious substitutions and modifications of embodiment carried, all protection domain of the present utility model it
In.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of this utility model fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus.As it is shown in figure 1, the utility model proposes
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus include reactor body 1.
Described reactor body 1 limits reaction compartment, and described reaction compartment can be divided into feed zone 11, pyrolysis from top to down
District 12 and discharge zone 13.
Described feed zone 11 includes material inlet 6.Described material inlet 6 is positioned at the top of described reactor body 1.
Concrete, described material inlet 6 can be arranged in the center on described reactor body 1 top as far as possible, it is simple to
Enter into the material in reactor from described material mouth 6 and can be evenly scattered in inside, described pyrolysis zone 12.
Further, the reaction temperature in reactor body 1 is 500 DEG C~700 DEG C, and pressure is less than 8kPa.Enter into institute
The material particular diameter stated in pyrolysis zone 12 should be less than 3mm.
Described pyrolysis zone 12 includes multilamellar heat accumulation type radiant tube 2.Described multilamellar heat accumulation type radiant tube 2 is in described pyrolysis zone 12
Middle spaced apart along described reactor body 1 short transverse, and every layer of described heat accumulation type radiant tube 2 include multiple along level side
To heat accumulation type radiant tube 2 spaced apart.
Further, every layer of described heat accumulation type radiant tube 2 includes multiple parallel and equally distributed heat accumulation type radiant tube
2, and every layer of heat accumulation type radiant tube 2 is parallel with upper and lower two-layer heat accumulation type radiant tube 2, and hand over along reactor body 1 short transverse
Wrong distribution.
Concrete, as it is shown in figure 1, the external diameter of described heat accumulation type radiant tube 2 is 200~300mm.Adjacent described heat accumulating type spoke
Penetrating the horizontal range between pipe 2 outer wall is 200~500mm, vertical distance 200~700mm.Described multilamellar heat accumulation type radiant tube 2
The number of plies can be 10~25 layers.Find through utility model people, this kind of structure arrange so that in pyrolysis zone thermo parameters method equal
Even, such that it is able to significantly improve the fast pyrogenation efficiency of material, and then improve the productivity of tar.
In this utility model, heat accumulation type radiant tube 2 is regenerative gas radial canal, i.e. burning is fired by radial canal body
The heat that gas produces carries out heat supply in the way of radiation.Thus, it is possible to the combustion gas being passed through in heat accumulation type radiant tube 2 by adjustment
Flow realizes the temperature to pyrolytic process and controls, such that it is able to significantly improve the fast pyrogenation efficiency of material, and then improves Jiao
The productivity of oil.
In this utility model, described heat accumulation type radiant tube 2 can also be replaced by burner or other heating plants, its technology
Scheme is not limited solely to this.
As it is shown in figure 1, described discharge zone 13 includes semicoke outlet 7.Described semicoke outlet 7 is positioned at described reactor body 1
Bottom, for will pyrolysis after pyrolysis char 5 discharge described reactor body 1.
Concrete, described discharge zone 13 can be in inverted cone.Thus, it is possible to make pyrogenous origin semicoke 5 discharge smoothly
Discharge zone 13.Described semicoke outlet 7 should be arranged in the center of described reactor body 1 bottom as far as possible, it is simple to discharge zone
Semicoke 5 in 13 is discharged outside reactor smoothly.
Granular bed 3 is used for removing dust present in pyrolysis gas.Described granular bed 3 includes housing 31 and inserts
Plate valve 32.Described housing 31 is connected with described reactor body 1 inwall, and the inside thus limiting described granular bed 3 is empty
Between.The top of described housing 31 and bottom end opening, described push-pull valve 32 is positioned at the bottom of described housing 31.Described push-pull valve 32
Handwheel 321 is outside through inwall by described reactor body 1, thus makes the flashboard 322 of described push-pull valve 32 as described housing
The bottom of 31.
The semicoke 5 that pyrolysis produces falls into the inside of granular bed 3.High-temperature hot is vented one's spleen through within granular bed 3
Semicoke 5, the dust in pyrolysis gas is removed.Controlled in granular bed 3 by the push-pull valve 32 controlled bottom granular bed 3
The translational speed of semicoke 5.Granular bed internal particle translational speed is preferably less than 1m/s (meter per second).
Pyrolysis gas outlet 4 is positioned on the sidewall of the described reactor body 1 corresponding to described housing 31.
Further, described fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus also includes the first interlayer 33.Described first interlayer 33 is positioned at described
The inside of housing 31, goes out space with described reactor body 1 inner wall limit, and described first interlayer 33 surface has loose structure.
The loose structure on described first interlayer 33 surface, the pyrolysis gas helped to create enters into heat by the first interlayer 33
Vent one's spleen outlet 4.Meanwhile, described first interlayer 33 has filtration, it is possible to effectively removes dust present in pyrolysis gas, improves
Pyrolysis gas quality.
Concrete, the distance between described first interlayer 33 and described reactor body 1 is less than 5cm.
Further, described fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus also includes the second interlayer 34.Described second interlayer 34 and described the
One interlayer 33 is arranged in parallel.Described second interlayer 34 goes out space, described second interlayer 34 with described housing 31 inner wall limit
Surface has loose structure.
The loose structure on described second interlayer 34 surface, the pyrolysis gas helped to create enters into heat by the second interlayer 34
Vent one's spleen outlet 4.Meanwhile, described second interlayer 34 has filtration, it is possible to effectively removes dust present in pyrolysis gas, improves
Pyrolysis gas quality.
Concrete, the distance between described second interlayer 34 and described reactor body 1 is less than 5cm.
Further, described fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus also includes multiple granular bed 3.The plurality of granular bed
3 respectively inwall with described reactor body be connected.
Further, the plurality of granular bed 3 is evenly distributed on institute by described reactor body 1 inwall circumferencial direction
State discharge zone 13 internal.
By the setting of multiple granular beds 3, the pyrolysis efficiency of fine coal can be improved further.
Further, described fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus also includes multiple first interlayer 33 and the second interlayer 34.Described
One interlayer 33 and described second interlayer 34 limit sky with described reactor body 1 inwall and described housing 31 inner surface respectively
Between.
Owing to by arranging multiple granular bed 3, the plurality of granular bed 3 each includes the first interlayer 33 respectively
With the second interlayer 34.Further remove dust present in pyrolysis gas.
Further, described fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus also includes multiple pyrolysis gas outlet 4.The plurality of pyrolysis gas goes out 4
Mouth lays respectively on the sidewall of the described reactor body 1 corresponding to the plurality of first interlayer 33.
After taking multiple granular bed 3, the corresponding pyrolysis gas outlet 4 of each granular bed 3.The plurality of pyrolysis
Gas outlet 4 lays respectively on the sidewall of the reactor body corresponding to each granular bed, in order to the pyrolysis gas of generation passes through
The filtration of granular bed 3 can discharge described reactor body 1 smoothly.
Application examples
Should utilize fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus as shown in Figure 1 that brown coal are pyrolyzed by use-case.Treat pyrolysis feed brown coal
Particle diameter less than 3mm, its brown coal analytical data is shown in Table 1.
Table 1: brown coal analytical data.
The key dimension of fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus is as follows: heat accumulation type radiant tube uses caliber to be the round tube of 245mm, water
The outer wall distance of flat every layer of adjacent radiation pipe is 200mm, and the outer wall distance of every layer of adjacent radiation pipe is 300mm up and down, accumulation of heat
The formula radial canal number of plies is 15.The temperature of regulation pyrolysis zone radial canal and each regional temperature in reaction zone of formation are as indicated in the chart 2.Powder
Coal product after pyrolysis is tar 14.4%, pyrolysis gas 15.8%, semicoke 69.8%.
From the data of above thermal decomposition product it can be seen that after device of the present utility model effectively reduces follow-up tar condensing
The dustiness of tar, substantially increases the benefit of pyrolysis.
The pyrolysis gas produced through pyrolytic reaction discharges reactor body 1 in time by granular bed 3 from pyrolysis gas outlet 4
Outside.Pyrolysis petroleum resources removes dust present in pyrolysis gas through bottom particles moving bed 3, and the quality of pyrolysis gas and tar carries
Height, the pretreatment cost that tar refining processes reduces.
The semicoke 5 produced after pyrolysis is discharged outside reactor by the semicoke outlet 7 of reactor body 1 bottom, in order to enter
Row pyrolytic reaction next time.
Table 2: process operation parameter.
Each technical characteristic of above-mentioned disclosure is not limited to disclosed and other features combinations, and those skilled in the art are also
Other combinations between each technical characteristic can be carried out according to utility model purpose, be as the criterion realizing the purpose of this utility model.