CN103608258A - 搭载于lng船的lng储罐及其制造方法 - Google Patents

搭载于lng船的lng储罐及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN103608258A
CN103608258A CN201280029451.7A CN201280029451A CN103608258A CN 103608258 A CN103608258 A CN 103608258A CN 201280029451 A CN201280029451 A CN 201280029451A CN 103608258 A CN103608258 A CN 103608258A
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森元信吉
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    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
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    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
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    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
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    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
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    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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Abstract

在陆地上对LNG储罐进行组装，并将其搭载于主船支座，从而缩短LNG船的建造工期。在躯体容器的内侧铺设保冷材料和膜来制作LNG储罐，并将其搭载于双层船壳构造的船舱内。为了在搭载时躯体容器不会变形，在保冷工程前在躯体容器的外表面焊接桁架，来充分地进行加强。在将储罐搭载于船舱后，将这些躯体容器的桁架与船体内壳相连结，将该LNG储罐与船壳一体化，由躯体容器和船壳共同支承液体载荷的荷重。

Description

搭载于LNG船的LNG储罐及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于贮藏LNG（液化天然气）的LNG储罐，其不仅能够设置于普通的LNG运输船的船内，在驳船上搭载有LNG液化设备的LNG-FPSO（FloatingProduction,Storage and Off-loading system，浮式生产储油卸油系统）或同样搭载有再气化设备的FSRU（Floating Storage and Re-gasification Unit，浮式储存再气化装置）中，也能够设置在驳船内而用于LNG的贮藏。
背景技术
将以往的LNG船的储罐构造方式大致区分，可以分类为独立球形储罐、独立方形储罐（SPB）方式以及膜式储罐。独立球形储罐是由铝合金制成的独立式的球形储罐，其借助从其赤道部延伸出的裙边而支承在由双层船壳构成的船舱内。对储罐的外表面实施保冷工程。由于球形储罐为球形，因此存在以下缺点：无法获得相较于船体的大小足够的储罐容积。在该方式中，即使在暴风雨的天气时积蓄载荷发生荡漾，储罐也几乎不会产生损伤。
独立方形储罐将方形储罐收纳在双层船壳构造的船舱内，在铝合金制成的方形储罐的外表面设置有保冷材料，在储罐内侧设置有用于加强方形储罐的桁架。在这样的结构中，在方形储罐和内壳之间需要空隙空间，相应地，储罐的容积效率减小。另一方面，由于在储罐内具有桁架，因此具有不易产生液体载荷的荡舱的优点。
接着为膜式，在由双层船壳构造构成的船舱内表面，隔着保冷材料而铺设镍钢或不锈钢的薄板（膜），从而形成LNG储罐。在该方式中，具有能够将船舱容积几乎全部用作为储罐容积的优点。另一方面，具有以下缺点：由于液体载荷的荡舱，膜和保冷材料容易受损。此外，存在以下问题：保冷工程、特别是膜彼此之间的焊接复杂，建造需要较长的工期。
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明的课题在于提供一种LNG储罐，其搭载于LNG运输船或LNG基地驳船，不易因暴风雨天气时的液体载荷的荡舱而受到损伤，并且能够以较短的工期进行建造。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明的LNG储罐在具有双层船壳结构的船舱内，搭载并固定在陆地上组装好的LNG储罐。该LNG储罐具有躯体容器，在该容器的内表面安装有隔热材料和膜。躯体容器预先在其外表面安装有桁架而进行了加强。在将LNG储罐搭载于船舱后，将这些桁架与船壳相连接。因此具有如下特征：不是仅仅由躯体容器，而是躯体容器和船壳构成为一体而支承液体载荷的荷重。
该LNG船的特征在于，由于能够在陆地上进行LNG储罐的隔热和覆膜工程，因此与以往相比，能够大幅缩短用于建造的工期。此外，具有以下效果：若在船舱内配置两列LNG储罐，则每个LNG储罐的水平截面积减小，难以产生荡舱。
附图说明
图1是LNG船的船体中央部横截面。
图2是LNG船的船体中央部水平剖视图。
图3是建造中的LNG船的船体中央部横截面。
图4是示出另一个实施例的LNG船的船体中央部横截面图。
图5是由矿石原油兼用运输船改装而成的LNG船的船体中央部横截面。
图6是进一步示出另一个实施例的LNG船的船体中央部横截面图。
具体实施方式
如图3所示，该LNG运输船具有双层船壳构造，以由内壳1（即，内底板1a和纵隔壁1b）围成的形状形成船舱2。将内壳1和外板3之间的空间用作压载舱4。
在这些船舱2中分别搭载有预先在陆地上组装好的LNG储罐5。由于这种储罐越小，向主船的搭载就越容易，因此，在本实施例中，如图1和图2所示，在各船舱2中分别搭载有4个小型的LNG储罐5。此外，储罐变得小型时还有以下优点：水平截面积变小，在暴风雨天气时不易在罐内产生液体载荷激烈荡漾的现象（荡舱），储罐内表面的保冷材料的损伤减少。
各LNG储罐5具备躯体容器6，在该容器的内表面铺设有保冷材料7（例如，加强聚氨酯泡沫），并在其上没有间隙地覆盖有由殷钢等低温材料制成的膜（一次防护壁）8。此外，根据需要，可以使保冷材料7为双层构造，并在其中间设置二次防护壁屏障。在以往的膜式LNG储罐中，在双层船壳结构的内壳（即，内底板和纵隔壁）的表面直接铺设保冷材料和膜，但在本实施例的船中，其特征在于，不是对内壳，而是对躯体容器的内表面实施同样的保冷防护壁处理。
需要使躯体容器6保持足够的刚性，以在为了将LNG储罐5搭载于主船而将其吊起时、和在积蓄有液体载荷时储罐不发生变形。因此，在躯体容器6的外表面纵横地设置有桁架9，在这些桁架与桁架之间密集地安装有细杆（加强杆）10来进行加强。由于躯体容器6不直接与液体载荷（LNG）接触，因此可以使用钢制储罐，而无需由铝合金等低温材料制作。
用起重机将在陆地上组装好的LNG储罐5吊起，放下到船舱2中，从而搭载于主船（图3）。在船舱内的内底板1a和纵隔壁1b，预先焊接有桁架11，这些桁架焊接为与安装在LNG储罐5的外表面的桁架9重合或者抵接。此外，如图2所示，在将船舱2和船舱2分开的横隔壁12上也预先安装有桁架11，并且这些桁架与安装在储罐的前表面或后表面的桁架9焊接在一起。此外，从左右储罐5、5的相对面和前后储罐5、5的相对面分别突出的桁架9彼此之间也相互焊接。在这样安装LNG储罐时，需要现场焊接，因此，在躯体容器6和内壳1之间、躯体容器6和横隔壁12之间、以及相邻的储罐5和储罐5之间分别留有用于作业人员进行焊接作业的作业空间13。内底板1a和纵隔壁1b由于该空间13而远离LNG储罐5的冷热，能够维持在比常温稍低的温度。因此，对于内底板和纵隔壁可以使用高张力钢（其具有在低温下强度降低的性质）作为结构材料，能够降低建造成本。
这样，各LNG储罐的躯体容器6经由桁架9、11而与双层船壳结构结合，LNG储罐5被船壳牢固地支承。此外，在储罐5彼此相邻的位置，桁架9彼此结合，同样保持了强度的一体性。这样，由于该船的LNG储罐不是一个一个完全独立的储罐，因此躯体容器6不需要上述独立方形储罐那样的强度。
当将LNG储罐5搭载至船舱2完毕后，铺设钢板14来封闭储罐的上方（图3）。
图4示出了在船舱2内将LNG储罐5收纳成一列的情况，是适合于比较小的船的结构。
在将现有的船改装成LNG船时也可应用以上说明的储罐结构。此时，具有以下特征：可以在主船为改造而进入船坞前，在船坞中制作并准备好待搭载于主船的LNG储罐5，从而能够大幅缩短用于改装的工程天数。
作为容易改装成LNG船的船，列举有矿石专用船或矿石原油兼用船。图5示出了由矿石原油兼用船改装的情况，将在左右纵隔壁15、15之间形成的矿石舱直接用作为船舱16，并在其中配置若干个、例如两行两列共计4个LNG储罐5。由于矿石船在上甲板具有舱口17，因此可以利用舱口17，从这里将LNG储罐5搭载于船舱中。其后将舱口封闭。
在以上说明的结构（图1至5）中，在LNG储罐5和内壳1之间形成有空间13，内壳1远离LNG储罐5的冷热，温度难以降低。图6的结构进一步减小了对内壳1的低温影响。在该结构中，安装于躯体容器6的外表面的桁架9与内壳1断开，而不与其接续。这样，LNG储罐的冷热不会被桁架9传递而直接移动到内壳1。另一方面，与SPB方式的独立方形LNG储罐的情况大致相同，借助下部支承块20来支承储罐底部，并借助上部支承块21来支承该储罐的上侧部，使储罐不在水平方向上偏移。这些支承块20、21可以使用隔热性较好的材料，例如木材等。由此，内壳1更难以受到来自LNG储罐的低温影响，扩大了能够使用高张力钢的范围。
标号说明
1：内壳；
2：船舱；
5：LNG储罐；
6：躯体容器；
7：保冷材料；
8：膜；
9：桁架；
11：桁架；
13：空间。

Claims (3)

1.一种LNG船，其特征在于，该LNG船是在具有双层船壳结构的船舱内，与内壳之间设有空间地设置LNG储罐而成的，该储罐具有躯体容器，其内表面被保冷材料和该保冷材料上的膜覆盖，并且，该躯体容器在外表面具有加强用桁架，该桁架与该内壳相结合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的LNG船，其在一个船舱中左右排列地设置有液化天然气储罐。
3.一种LNG船的制造方法，其由以下工序构成：第1工序，对在外表面安装有加强用的桁架的躯体容器进行组装；第2工序，在该躯体容器的内表面设置隔热层，并利用膜来液密性地覆盖该隔热层的表面，从而形成LNG储罐；第3工序，将该LNG储罐搭载于由双层船壳结构围成的船舱内；以及第4工序，将安装在该躯体容器的外表面的桁架与主船内壳接合。
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