WO2013015296A1 - Ｌｎｇ船に搭載されるｌｎｇタンクおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents

Ｌｎｇ船に搭載されるｌｎｇタンクおよびその製造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013015296A1
WO2013015296A1 PCT/JP2012/068769 JP2012068769W WO2013015296A1 WO 2013015296 A1 WO2013015296 A1 WO 2013015296A1 JP 2012068769 W JP2012068769 W JP 2012068769W WO 2013015296 A1 WO2013015296 A1 WO 2013015296A1
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Prior art keywords
lng
tank
ship
hull
hold
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PCT/JP2012/068769
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2013015296A4 (ja
Inventor
森元信吉
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Morimoto Nobuyoshi
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Application filed by Morimoto Nobuyoshi filed Critical Morimoto Nobuyoshi
Priority to CN201280029451.7A priority Critical patent/CN103608258B/zh
Priority to KR1020137026747A priority patent/KR20130133863A/ko
Priority to US14/234,991 priority patent/US9376174B2/en
Priority to EP12818373.8A priority patent/EP2738082A4/en
Publication of WO2013015296A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013015296A1/ja
Publication of WO2013015296A4 publication Critical patent/WO2013015296A4/ja

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B11/00—Interior subdivision of hulls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/082—Mounting arrangements for vessels for large sea-borne storage vessels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B2025/087—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid comprising self-contained tanks installed in the ship structure as separate units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
    • F17C2203/0651—Invar
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/018—Supporting feet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0188—Hanging up devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/016—Preventing slosh
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/05—Regasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/011—Barges
    • F17C2270/0113—Barges floating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49616—Structural member making
    • Y10T29/49622—Vehicular structural member making

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an LNG tank for storing LNG (liquefied natural gas), which can be installed in an ordinary LNG carrier ship, as well as an LNG-FPSO (Floating Production) equipped with an LNG liquefaction plant on a barge.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • FSRU Floating Storage and Re-gasification Unit
  • the conventional tank structure of an LNG ship can be broadly classified into a free-standing spherical tank, a free-standing square tank (SPB) system, and a membrane tank.
  • the independent spherical tank is a self-supporting spherical tank made of an aluminum alloy, and is supported in a hold made of a double hull through a skirt extending from the equator. Cold insulation work is performed on the outer surface of the tank. Since the spherical tank is spherical, there is a drawback that it is not possible to earn a sufficient tank volume for the size of the hull. In this method, even if the load rippled during stormy weather, the tank is hardly damaged.
  • a self-supporting square tank is a double tank hull with a rectangular tank inside.
  • a rectangular tank made of aluminum alloy is provided with cold insulation on the outer surface, and the girder that reinforces the rectangular tank is located inside the tank. Provided. In this case, a void space is required between the rectangular tank and the inner shell, and the volumetric efficiency of the tank is reduced accordingly.
  • the girders are provided in the tank, there is an advantage that sloshing of the liquid load hardly occurs.
  • the membrane method is used, and an LNG tank is formed by placing a thin plate (membrane) of nickel steel or stainless steel on the inner surface of a hold made of a double hull structure with a cold insulation material in between.
  • This method has an advantage that most of the cargo volume can be used as the tank volume.
  • the membrane and the cold insulating material are easily damaged by the sloshing of the liquid load.
  • the cold insulation work, especially the welding of the membranes is complicated, and a long construction period is required for construction.
  • the present invention provides an LNG tank mounted on an LNG carrier ship or an LNG base carrier, which is not easily damaged by sloshing of the liquid load during stormy weather, and can be constructed in a short construction period. Is an issue.
  • the LNG tank of the present invention is mounted and fixed on the LNG tank assembled on the ground in the hold having a double hull structure.
  • the LNG tank has a housing container, and a heat insulating material and a membrane are attached to the inner surface of the container.
  • the casing container is reinforced by attaching a girder to the outer surface in advance. After the LNG tank is installed in the hold, the girders are connected to the hull. Therefore, the load of the liquid load is not only supported by the casing container, but is characterized in that the casing container and the hull structure are integrally supported.
  • This LNG ship is characterized by the fact that the construction period for construction can be greatly shortened compared to conventional LNG tanks, because the LNG tank can be insulated and membrane work on the ground. Further, if the LNG tanks are arranged in two rows in the hold, the horizontal cross-sectional area of each LNG tank is reduced, and there is an effect that sloshing is less likely to occur.
  • the LNG carrier has a double hull structure, and a hold 2 is formed in a form surrounded by an inner shell 1 (that is, an inner bottom plate 1a and a vertical partition 1b).
  • the space between the inner shell 1 and the outer plate 3 is used as a ballast tank 4.
  • Each of these holds 2 is mounted with an LNG tank 5 that is pre-assembled on the ground. As this type of tank becomes smaller, it can be mounted on the ship more easily. Therefore, in this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, four small LNG tanks 5 are mounted in each hold 2.
  • the horizontal cross-sectional area becomes smaller, and the phenomenon that the liquid load swells violently in the tank (sloshing) during stormy weather is less likely to occur, and there is an advantage that the cooling material on the inner surface of the tank is less damaged.
  • Each LNG tank 5 is provided with a casing container 6, and a cold insulating material 7 (for example, reinforced polyurethane foam) is stretched on the inner surface of the container, and a membrane (primary barrier) made of a low temperature material such as Invar on the top. Cover with 8 with no gaps. If necessary, the cold insulating material 7 can have a two-layer structure, and a secondary barrier can be provided therebetween.
  • the cold insulation material and the membrane are directly attached to the surface of the inner shell (that is, the inner bottom plate and the vertical partition wall) of the double hull structure. The feature is that the barrier work is applied not to the inner shell but to the inner surface of the housing.
  • girders 9 are provided on the outer surface of the casing container 6 in the vertical and horizontal directions, and small bones (stiffeners) 10 are closely attached between the girders and the girders for reinforcement. Since the container 6 does not directly contact the liquid load (LNG), it is not necessary to make it from a low temperature material such as an aluminum alloy, and it can be a steel tank.
  • LNG liquid load
  • the LNG tank 5 assembled on the ground is lifted with a crane and mounted on the ship so as to be suspended in the hold 2 (FIG. 3).
  • a girder material 11 is welded to the inner bottom plate 1a and the vertical partition wall 1b in the hold in advance, and the girder material 9 attached to the outer surface of the LNG tank 5 is overlapped or abutted on these girder materials. Weld like so.
  • the girder material 9 previously attached to the girder material also on the horizontal partition 12 which divides the hold 2 and the hold 2 and attached to the girder material on the front surface or the rear surface of the tank is provided. Weld.
  • the beams 9 protruding from the facing surfaces of the left and right tanks 5 and 5 and the facing surfaces of the front and rear tanks 5 and 5 are also welded together.
  • Respective working spaces 13 are left for the workers to perform welding work.
  • the inner bottom plate 1a and the vertical partition 1b are kept away from the cold heat of the LNG tank 5 by this space 13, and can maintain a temperature slightly lower than normal temperature. Therefore, for the inner bottom plate and the vertical partition wall, high-strength steel (which has a property of decreasing strength at low temperatures) can be used as a structural material, and the construction cost can be reduced.
  • each LNG tank is thus coupled to the double hull structure via the girders 9 and 11, and the LNG tank 5 is firmly supported by the hull. Further, at the places where the tanks 5 are adjacent to each other, the girders 9 are joined together, and the integrity of the strength is similarly maintained. Thus, since each LNG tank of this ship is not a complete independent tank, the enclosure 6 does not need to be as strong as the above-mentioned self-standing square independent tank. When the LNG tank 5 has been mounted in the hold 2, a steel plate 14 is stretched to close the tank (FIG. 3).
  • FIG. 4 shows a case where the LNG tanks 5 are stored in a row in the hold 2 and is a structure suitable for a relatively small ship.
  • the tank structure described above can also be applied when remodeling an existing ship to an LNG ship.
  • the LNG tank 5 to be mounted on the ship can be prepared and prepared at the dock, and the number of construction days for refurbishment can be greatly reduced. .
  • FIG. 5 shows a case of refurbishing from an ore crude oil combined ship.
  • the ore dredging formed between the left and right vertical partition walls 15 and 15 is used as it is as a hold 16 and several LNG tanks 5 are contained therein. For example, two columns and two rows are arranged in total. Since the ore ship has the hatchway 17 on the upper deck, the LNG tank 5 can be mounted in the hold by using this. The hatchway will be closed later.
  • FIG. 6 further reduces the low-temperature effect on the inner shell 1.
  • the girder 9 attached to the outer surface of the casing container 6 is disconnected without being connected to the inner shell 1.
  • the cold heat of the LNG tank does not move directly to the inner shell 1 along the beam 9.
  • the bottom of the tank is supported by the lower support block 20 and the upper portion of the tank is supported by the upper support block 21 so that the tank is not displaced in the horizontal direction, as in the case of the SPB-type self-standing rectangular LNG tank. Support with.
  • These support blocks 20 and 21 can use a thing with good heat insulation, for example, wood.
  • the inner shell 1 is further less susceptible to low temperature effects from the LNG tank, and the range in which high strength steel can be used is expanded.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

【課題】ＬＮＧタンクを地上で組み立て、これを本船ホールドに搭載するようにして、ＬＮＧ船の建造工期を短縮する。 【解決手段】　躯体容器の内側に保冷材およびメンブレンを張ってＬＮＧタンクを作り、これを二重船殻構造の船倉内に搭載する。搭載時に躯体容器が変形することのないよう、保冷工事前の前に躯体容器の外面に桁材を溶接して、十分に補強しておく。タンクを船倉に搭載したら、それら躯体容器の桁材を船体内殻に連結して、該ＬＮＧタンクと船殻を一体化し、液荷の荷重を躯体容器と船殻とで共同して支持するようにする。

Description

ＬＮＧ船に搭載されるＬＮＧタンクおよびその製造方法
　この発明は、ＬＮＧ（液化天然ガス）を貯蔵するためのＬＮＧタンクに関し、普通のＬＮＧ運搬船の船内に設置することができるのはもちろん、台船上にＬＮＧ液化プラントを搭載したLNG-FPSO（Floating Production, Storage and Off-loading system）や、同じく再ガス化プラントを搭載したFSRU（Floating Storage and Re-gasification Unit）においても、台船内に設置してＬＮＧの貯蔵用として用いることができるものである。
　従来のＬＮＧ船のタンク構造方式は大きく分けて、自立球形タンク、自立角型タンク（ＳＰＢ）方式、メンブレンタンクに分類することができる。独立球形タンクは、アルミ合金で作られた自立式の球形タンクであり、その赤道部から伸びるスカートを介して、二重船殻で作られた船倉内に支持される。保冷工事はタンクの外面に施される。球形タンクは球形であるが故に、船体の大きさの割に十分なタンク容積を稼ぐことができないという欠点がある。この方式では、荒天時に積荷が波立っても、タンクに損傷が生ずることはほとんどない。
　自立角型タンクは、二重船殻構造の船倉内に方形タンクを収めたもので、アルミ合金製の方形タンクの外面に保冷材が設けられ、方形タンクを補強する桁材は、タンク内側に設けられる。このものでは、方形タンクと内殻の間にボイドスペースが必要であり、その分、タンクの容積効率が小さくなる。他方、タンク内に桁材を有するので、液荷のスロッシングが起こりにくいという利点がある。
　次にメンブレン方式であるが、これは二重船殻構造で作られた船倉内面に、保冷材を間に挟んでをニッケル鋼やステンレス鋼の薄板（メンブレン）を張ってＬＮＧタンクを形成する。この方式では、船倉容積のほとんどをタンク容積として利用することができる利点がある。反面、液荷のスロッシングによって、メンブレンや保冷材が損傷を受けやすいという欠点がある。また、保冷工事、特にメンブレン同士の溶接が複雑であり、建造に長い工期を要するという問題がある。
　この発明は、ＬＮＧ運搬船やＬＮＧ基地台船に搭載されるＬＮＧタンクであって、荒天時における液荷のスロッシングよって損傷を受けにくく、しかも、短い工期で建造することのできるものを提供とすることを課題とする。
　この発明のＬＮＧタンクは、二重船殻構造を有する船倉内に、地上で組み立てたＬＮＧタンクを搭載して固定する。該ＬＮＧタンクは、躯体容器を有しており、この容器の内面に、断熱材とメンブレンが取り付けられる。躯体容器は、予め、その外面に桁材を取り付けて補強されている。ＬＮＧタンクを船倉に搭載した後、それら桁材は船殻と接続される。したがって、液荷の荷重は躯体容器だけで支持されるのでなく、躯体容器と船殻構造とが一体となって支持されるに点に特徴がある。
　このＬＮＧ船は、ＬＮＧタンクの断熱およびメンブレン工事を、地上で行うことができるので、従来に比べて建造のための工期を大幅に短縮することができることが特徴である。また、船倉内にＬＮＧタンクを２列に配置すれば、個々のＬＮＧタンクの水平断面積が小さくなり、スロッシングが生じ難くなる効果がある。
ＬＮＧ船の船体中央部横断面である。 ＬＮＧ船の船体中央部水平断面図である。 建造中のＬＮＧ船の船体中央部横断面である。 他の実施例を示すＬＮＧ船の船体中央部横断面図である。 鉱石原油兼用運搬船から改装したＬＮＧ船の船体中央部横断面である。 さらに他の実施例を示すＬＮＧ船の船体中央部横断面図である。
　図３に示すように、このＬＮＧ運搬船は二重船殻構造を有し、内殻１（すなわち、内底板１ａおよび縦隔壁１ｂ）で囲まれるかたちで船倉２が形成される。内殻１と外板３の間のスペースはバラストタンク４として用いられる。
　これらの船倉２の各々に、予め地上で組み立てられたＬＮＧタンク５が搭載される。この種のタンクは小さいほど本船への搭載が容易になるので、この実施例では、図１および図２に示すように、各船倉２に小型のＬＮＧタンク５が４個ずつ搭載されている。また、タンクを小型にすると、水平断面積が小さくなり、荒天時にタンク内で液荷が激しく波打つ現象（スロッシング）が生じにくくなり、タンク内面の保冷材の損傷が少なくなる長所もある。
　各ＬＮＧタンク５は、躯体容器６を備えており、その容器の内面に保冷材７（例えば、補強ポリウレタンフォーム）を張り、さらにその上をインバーなどの低温材で作られたメンブレン（一次防壁）８で隙間なく覆う。なお、必要に応じ、保冷材７を二層構造にして、その間に二次防壁バリアを設けることができる。従来のメンブレン式ＬＮＧタンクでは、二重船殻構造の内殻（すなわち、内底板および縦隔壁）の表面に直に保冷材とメンブレンを張り付けていたが、この実施例の船では、同様の保冷防壁工事を、内殻でなく躯体容器の内面に施すが特徴である。
　ＬＮＧタンク５を本船に搭載するために吊り上げたときや、液荷を積んだときにタンクが変形しないよう、躯体容器６には十分な剛性を持たせることが必要である。このため、躯体容器６の外面に縦横に桁材９を設け、それら桁材と桁材の間には小骨（スティフナ）１０を密に取り付けて補強する。躯体容器６は、液荷（ＬＮＧ）に直に接することはないので、アルミ合金など低温材で作る必要はなく、鋼製タンクとすることができる。
　地上で組み立てられたＬＮＧタンク５はクレーンでつり上げ、船倉２の中に吊り下ろすようにして本船に搭載する（図３）。船倉内の内底板１ａおよび縦隔壁１ｂには、前もって桁材１１を溶接しておき、これら桁材に、ＬＮＧタンク５の外面に取り付けてある桁材９を重ね合わせるように、または、突き合わせるように溶接する。また、図２に示すように、船倉２と船倉２を分ける横隔壁１２にも、前もって桁材１１を取り付けておき、それらに桁材に、タンクの前面または後面に取り付けておいた桁材９を溶接する。さらに、左右タンク５，５の対向面および前後タンク５，５の対向面からそれぞれ突出する桁材９同士も互いに溶接する。このようにＬＮＧタンクの据付時、現場溶接が必要となるので、躯体容器６と内殻１の間、躯体容器６と横隔壁１２の間、さらには隣接するタンク５とタンク５の間に、それぞれ、作業員が溶接作業すするための作業空間１３を残しておく。内底板１ａおよび縦隔壁１ｂは、この空間１３によってＬＮＧタンク５の冷熱から遠ざけられ、常温よりわずかに低い温度を維持できる。したがって、内底板および縦隔壁には、構造材として高張力鋼（これは低温で強度が落ちる性質がある。）が使用でき、建造コストを低減することできる。
　各ＬＮＧタンクの躯体容器６は、このように、桁材９，１１を介して二重船殻構造と結合され、ＬＮＧタンク５は船殻に強固に支持される。また、タンク５同士が隣接する箇所では、桁材９同士が結合され、同様に強度の一体性が保たれる。このように、この船のＬＮＧタンクは一つ一つが完全な独立タンクではないので、躯体容器６は上記の自立角型独立タンクほどの強度は必要としない。
　船倉２にＬＮＧタンク５を搭載し終わったら、鋼板１４を張ってタンクの上を塞ぐ（図３）。
　図４は、船倉２にＬＮＧタンク５を1列に収めた場合を示しており、比較的小さな船に向いた構造である。
　以上説明したタンク構造は、既存の船をＬＮＧ船に改装するときにも適用することができる。この場合、本船が改装のためにドックに入る前に、本船に搭載すべきＬＮＧタンク５をドックにおいて作って準備しておくことができ、改装のための工事日数が大いに短縮できるという特徴がある。
　ＬＮＧ船に改装しやすい船として、鉱石専用船または鉱石原油油兼用船が挙げられる。図５は鉱石原油兼用船から改装する場合を示したもので、左右縦隔壁１５，１５の間に形成されている鉱石艙をそのまま船倉１６として利用し、その中にＬＮＧタンク５をいくつか、例えば２列２行、合計４個を配置する。鉱石船は上甲板にハッチウエイ１７を有しているので、これを利用して、ここからＬＮＧタンク５を船倉の中に搭載することができる。ハッチウエイは後で塞ぐ。
　以上説明した構造（図１ないし５）では、ＬＮＧタンク５と内殻１の間に空間１３が形成され、内殻１はＬＮＧタンク５の冷熱から遠ざけられ、温度が下がりにくくなっている。内殻１への低温影響をさらに少なくしたのが図６の構造である。この構造では、躯体容器６の外面に取り付けられた桁材９が、内殻１と接続しないで、断絶している。こうすれば、ＬＮＧタンクの冷熱が、桁材９を伝って直に内殻１に移動することがない。その代わり、ＳＰＢ方式の自立角型ＬＮＧタンクの場合とほぼ同じように、タンク底部を下部支持ブロック２０で支え、さらに、タンクが水平方向にずれないよう、同タンクの上側部を上部支持ブロック２１で支える。これら支持ブロック２０，２１は、断熱性がよいもの、例えば木材等を用いることできる。このようにすれば、内殻１はＬＮＧタンクからの低温影響をさらに受けにくくなり、高張力鋼を使える範囲が拡大する。
　１　内殻
　２　船倉
　５　ＬＮＧタンク
　６　躯体容器
　７　保冷材
　８　メンブレン
　９　桁材
　１１　桁材
　１３　空間

Claims (3)

  1. 　二重船殻構造を有する船倉内に、内殻との間に空間を設けてＬＮＧタンクを設置して成り、該タンクは躯体容器を有し、その内面が保冷材とその上のメンブレンで覆われており、また、該躯体容器は外面に補強用桁材を有し、該桁材は該内殻に結合されていることを特徴とするＬＮＧ船。
  2. 　一つの船倉に液化天然ガスタンクを左右に並べて設置した請求項１に記載のＬＮＧ船。
  3. 　外面に補強用の桁材を取り付けた躯体容器を組み立てる第１の工程と、該躯体容器の内面に断熱層を設け該断熱層の表面をメンブレンで液密に覆ってＬＮＧタンクを形成する第２の工程と、該ＬＮＧタンクを、二重船殻構造で囲まれた船倉内に搭載する第３の工程と、該躯体容器の外面に取り付けられている桁材を本船内殻に接合する第４の工程からなるＬＮＧ船の製造方法。
PCT/JP2012/068769 2011-07-25 2012-07-25 Ｌｎｇ船に搭載されるｌｎｇタンクおよびその製造方法 WO2013015296A1 (ja)

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