CN103608258B - 液化天然气运输船的制造方法 - Google Patents

液化天然气运输船的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN103608258B
CN103608258B CN201280029451.7A CN201280029451A CN103608258B CN 103608258 B CN103608258 B CN 103608258B CN 201280029451 A CN201280029451 A CN 201280029451A CN 103608258 B CN103608258 B CN 103608258B
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森元信吉
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Abstract

在陆地上对LNG储罐进行组装，并将其搭载于主船支座，从而缩短LNG船的建造工期。在躯体容器的内侧铺设保冷材料和膜来制作LNG储罐，并将其搭载于双层船壳构造的船舱内。为了在搭载时躯体容器不会变形，在保冷工程前在躯体容器的外表面焊接桁架，来充分地进行加强。在将储罐搭载于船舱后，将这些躯体容器的桁架与船体内壳相连结，将该LNG储罐与船壳一体化，由躯体容器和船壳共同支承液体载荷的荷重。

Description

液化天然气运输船的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于贮藏LNG(液化天然气)的LNG储罐，其不仅能够设置于普通的LNG运输船的船内，在驳船上搭载有LNG液化设备的LNG-FPSO(Floating Production,Storageand Off-loading system，浮式生产储油卸油系统)或同样搭载有再气化设备的FSRU(Floating Storage and Re-gasification Unit，浮式储存再气化装置)中，也能够设置在驳船内而用于LNG的贮藏。
背景技术
将以往的LNG船的储罐构造方式大致区分，可以分类为独立球形储罐、独立方形储罐(SPB)方式以及膜式储罐。独立球形储罐是由铝合金制成的独立式的球形储罐，其借助从其赤道部延伸出的裙边而支承在由双层船壳构成的船舱内。对储罐的外表面实施保冷工程。由于球形储罐为球形，因此存在以下缺点：无法获得相较于船体的大小足够的储罐容积。在该方式中，即使在暴风雨的天气时积蓄载荷发生荡漾，储罐也几乎不会产生损伤。
独立方形储罐将方形储罐收纳在双层船壳构造的船舱内，在铝合金制成的方形储罐的外表面设置有保冷材料，在储罐内侧设置有用于加强方形储罐的桁架。在这样的结构中，在方形储罐和内壳之间需要空隙空间，相应地，储罐的容积效率减小。另一方面，由于在储罐内具有桁架，因此具有不易产生液体载荷的荡舱的优点。
接着为膜式，在由双层船壳构造构成的船舱内表面，隔着保冷材料而铺设镍钢或不锈钢的薄板(膜)，从而形成LNG储罐。在该方式中，具有能够将船舱容积几乎全部用作为储罐容积的优点。另一方面，具有以下缺点：由于液体载荷的荡舱，膜和保冷材料容易受损。此外，存在以下问题：保冷工程、特别是膜彼此之间的焊接复杂，建造需要较长的工期。
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明的课题在于提供一种LNG储罐，其搭载于LNG运输船或LNG基地驳船，不易因暴风雨天气时的液体载荷的荡舱而受到损伤，并且能够以较短的工期进行建造。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明的LNG储罐在具有双层船壳结构的船舱内，搭载并固定在陆地上组装好的LNG储罐。该LNG储罐具有躯体容器，在该容器的内表面安装有隔热材料和膜。躯体容器预先在其外表面安装有桁架而进行了加强。在将LNG储罐搭载于船舱后，将这些桁架与船壳相连接。因此具有如下特征：不是仅仅由躯体容器，而是躯体容器和船壳构成为一体而支承液体载荷的荷重。
该LNG船的特征在于，由于能够在陆地上进行LNG储罐的隔热和覆膜工程，因此与以往相比，能够大幅缩短用于建造的工期。此外，具有以下效果：若在船舱内配置两列LNG储罐，则每个LNG储罐的水平截面积减小，难以产生荡舱。
附图说明
图1是LNG船的船体中央部横截面。
图2是LNG船的船体中央部水平剖视图。
图3是建造中的LNG船的船体中央部横截面。
图4是示出另一个实施例的LNG船的船体中央部横截面图。
图5是由矿石原油兼用运输船改装而成的LNG船的船体中央部横截面。
图6是进一步示出另一个实施例的LNG船的船体中央部横截面图。
具体实施方式
如图3所示，该LNG运输船具有双层船壳构造，以由内壳1(即，内底板1a和纵隔壁1b)围成的形状形成船舱2。将内壳1和外板3之间的空间用作压载舱4。
在这些船舱2中分别搭载有预先在陆地上组装好的LNG储罐5。由于这种储罐越小，向主船的搭载就越容易，因此，在本实施例中，如图1和图2所示，在各船舱2中分别搭载有4个小型的LNG储罐5。此外，储罐变得小型时还有以下优点：水平截面积变小，在暴风雨天气时不易在罐内产生液体载荷激烈荡漾的现象(荡舱)，储罐内表面的保冷材料的损伤减少。
各LNG储罐5具备躯体容器6，在该容器的内表面铺设有保冷材料7(例如，加强聚氨酯泡沫)，并在其上没有间隙地覆盖有由殷钢等低温材料制成的膜(一次防护壁)8。此外，根据需要，可以使保冷材料7为双层构造，并在其中间设置二次防护壁屏障。在以往的膜式LNG储罐中，在双层船壳结构的内壳(即，内底板和纵隔壁)的表面直接铺设保冷材料和膜，但在本实施例的船中，其特征在于，不是对内壳，而是对躯体容器的内表面实施同样的保冷防护壁处理。
需要使躯体容器6保持足够的刚性，以在为了将LNG储罐5搭载于主船而将其吊起时、和在积蓄有液体载荷时储罐不发生变形。因此，在躯体容器6的外表面纵横地设置有桁架9，在这些桁架与桁架之间密集地安装有细杆(加强杆)10来进行加强。由于躯体容器6不直接与液体载荷(LNG)接触，因此可以使用钢制储罐，而无需由铝合金等低温材料制作。
用起重机将在陆地上组装好的LNG储罐5吊起，放下到船舱2中，从而搭载于主船(图3)。在船舱内的内底板1a和纵隔壁1b，预先焊接有桁架11，这些桁架焊接为与安装在LNG储罐5的外表面的桁架9重合或者抵接。此外，如图2所示，在将船舱2和船舱2分开的横隔壁12上也预先安装有桁架11，并且这些桁架与安装在储罐的前表面或后表面的桁架9焊接在一起。此外，从左右储罐5、5的相对面和前后储罐5、5的相对面分别突出的桁架9彼此之间也相互焊接。在这样安装LNG储罐时，需要现场焊接，因此，在躯体容器6和内壳1之间、躯体容器6和横隔壁12之间、以及相邻的储罐5和储罐5之间分别留有用于作业人员进行焊接作业的作业空间13。内底板1a和纵隔壁1b由于该空间13而远离LNG储罐5的冷热，能够维持在比常温稍低的温度。因此，对于内底板和纵隔壁可以使用高张力钢(其具有在低温下强度降低的性质)作为结构材料，能够降低建造成本。
这样，各LNG储罐的躯体容器6经由桁架9、11而与双层船壳结构结合，LNG储罐5被船壳牢固地支承。此外，在储罐5彼此相邻的位置，桁架9彼此结合，同样保持了强度的一体性。这样，由于该船的LNG储罐不是一个一个完全独立的储罐，因此躯体容器6不需要上述独立方形储罐那样的强度。
当将LNG储罐5搭载至船舱2完毕后，铺设钢板14来封闭储罐的上方(图3)。
图4示出了在船舱2内将LNG储罐5收纳成一列的情况，是适合于比较小的船的结构。
在将现有的船改装成LNG船时也可应用以上说明的储罐结构。此时，具有以下特征：可以在主船为改造而进入船坞前，在船坞中制作并准备好待搭载于主船的LNG储罐5，从而能够大幅缩短用于改装的工程天数。
作为容易改装成LNG船的船，列举有矿石专用船或矿石原油兼用船。图5示出了由矿石原油兼用船改装的情况，将在左右纵隔壁15、15之间形成的矿石舱直接用作为船舱16，并在其中配置若干个、例如两行两列共计4个LNG储罐5。由于矿石船在上甲板具有舱口17，因此可以利用舱口17，从这里将LNG储罐5搭载于船舱中。其后将舱口封闭。
在以上说明的结构(图1至5)中，在LNG储罐5和内壳1之间形成有空间13，内壳1远离LNG储罐5的冷热，温度难以降低。图6的结构进一步减小了对内壳1的低温影响。在该结构中，安装于躯体容器6的外表面的桁架9与内壳1断开，而不与其接续。这样，LNG储罐的冷热不会被桁架9传递而直接移动到内壳1。另一方面，与SPB方式的独立方形LNG储罐的情况大致相同，借助下部支承块20来支承储罐底部，并借助上部支承块21来支承该储罐的上侧部，使储罐不在水平方向上偏移。这些支承块20、21可以使用隔热性较好的材料，例如木材等。由此，内壳1更难以受到来自LNG储罐的低温影响，扩大了能够使用高张力钢的范围。
标号说明
1：内壳；
2：船舱；
5：LNG储罐；
6：躯体容器；
7：保冷材料；
8：膜；
9：桁架；
11：桁架；
13：空间。

Claims (2)

1.一种液化天然气运输船的制造方法，其特征在于，具有以下工序：
第1工序，在外表面为钢制的躯体容器的内表面铺设保冷材料，并在其上没有间隙地覆盖由基于殷钢的低温材料制成的膜，在所述躯体容器的外表面通过焊接纵横地设置加强用的躯体容器侧桁架，并且在躯体容器的外表面安装细杆，在陆地上组装液化天然气储罐；
第2工序，形成具有如下双层船壳结构的船的船舱，所述船壳结构具有内壳和外板；
第3工序，在所述第2工序之后，将所述液化天然气储罐搭载于所述船的船舱内；以及
第4工序，将在所述第1工序中纵横地设置在所述躯体容器的外表面的所述躯体容器侧桁架与预先焊接于主船内壳的内壳侧桁架通过焊接来接合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液化天然气运输船的制造方法，其中，
在所述第2工序中，在将船舱和船舱分开的横隔壁上设置横隔壁侧桁架，
在所述第3工序中，在一个船舱内，在所述船舱的宽度方向上左右排列地设置液化天然气储罐以及前后排列地设置液化天然气储罐，
在所述第4工序中，将在所述躯体容器的前表面或后表面上设置的所述躯体容器侧桁架与所述横隔壁侧桁架结合，而且，将在所述船舱的宽度方向上左右相邻以及前后相邻的液化天然气储罐上的设置于所述躯体容器的相对面上的所述躯体容器侧桁架也彼此结合。
CN201280029451.7A 2011-07-25 2012-07-25 液化天然气运输船的制造方法 Expired - Fee Related CN103608258B (zh)

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