CN103597130A - 制造碳纤维的方法 - Google Patents

制造碳纤维的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103597130A
CN103597130A CN201280022844.5A CN201280022844A CN103597130A CN 103597130 A CN103597130 A CN 103597130A CN 201280022844 A CN201280022844 A CN 201280022844A CN 103597130 A CN103597130 A CN 103597130A
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hydrogen cyanide
cyanide
carbon fiber
alkali lye
hydroxide solution
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M·贝格哈恩
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Evonik Operations GmbH
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Evonik Degussa GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C3/00—Cyanogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01C3/08—Simple or complex cyanides of metals
    • C01C3/10—Simple alkali metal cyanides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D13/00—Complete machines for producing artificial threads
    • D01D13/02—Elements of machines in combination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F13/00—Recovery of starting material, waste material or solvents during the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F13/04—Recovery of starting material, waste material or solvents during the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
    • D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
    • D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
    • D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
    • D01F9/20—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products
    • D01F9/21—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D01F9/22—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyacrylonitriles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
    • D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
    • D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
    • D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
    • D01F9/32—Apparatus therefor
    • D01F9/328—Apparatus therefor for manufacturing filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation, or polymerisation products
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用来制造碳纤维的方法，其中将聚丙烯腈(PAN)通过热解释出氢氰酸(HCN)而碳化成碳纤维，以及涉及用来实施该方法的设备。本发明的目的在于提供一种更经济的方法。该目的通过物质上利用氢氰酸，即通过收集所释出的氢氰酸并且用碱性介质将其洗涤而得到含有氰化物-盐的碱液而实现。

Description

制造碳纤维的方法
本发明涉及用来制造碳纤维的方法，其中将聚丙烯腈(PAN)通过热解释出氢氰酸(HCN)而碳化成碳纤维，以及涉及用来实施该方法的设备。工业上用来制造碳纤维所使用的技术上成熟的方法是热解(即在大量的热作用下)碳化聚丙烯腈(PAN)。在此化学消除反应中，留下碳纤维，而氢氰酸(HCN)和烃类(KWS)挥发到炉内氛围中。
因为氢氰酸是有毒的且不许流入自然环境中，依据现有技术，氢氰酸是从炉内氛围分离出来并被燃烧。在此产生的热量用于预热炉内进料。在氢氰酸的燃烧中所产生的氮氧化物通过添加氨而催化净化。
依据此现有技术，本发明的目的是提供一种更经济的方法。该目的通过收集所释出的氢氰酸并且用碱性介质将其洗涤而得到含有氰化物-盐的碱液而实现。因此，本发明的主题是用来制造碳纤维的方法，其中将聚丙烯腈(PAN)通过热解释出氢氰酸(HCN)而碳化成碳纤维，其中收集所释出的氢氰酸和用碱性介质将其洗涤而得到含有氰化物-盐的碱液。
本发明的基本想法在于，不再在能量上利用所得的氢氰酸(燃烧)，而是物质上利用所得的氢氰酸。氢氰酸为用来制造含有氰化物-盐的碱液的有价值起始产物，特别是用作制造含有氰化钠(NaCN)或氰化钾(KCN)的碱液。
氰化钠或氰化钾进而用于开采金。鉴于目前高的金价，氰化钠和氰化钾也达到高的价格，这使得物质上利用在现有的设备中产生的氢氰酸有经济上的吸引力。
装置需求是直观可见的：生成碳纤维的现有设备已经收集氢氰酸以便将其燃烧。替代性地，以简单的方式用氢氰酸中和装置完善所述设备，其为商业可得到的技术。氢氰酸中和装置包括洗涤器，其用碱性介质，特别是氢氧化钠溶液(NaOH)或氢氧化钾溶液(KOH)洗涤氢氰酸。通过将氢氰酸与碱液接触而形成氰化钠或氰化钾和水。在洗涤器的底部收集含有氰化钠或氰化钾(相对应于进料碱液(NaOH／KOH))和水的碱液。可用已知方式从此碱液移出有价值产物氰化钠或氰化钾。
为了补偿不再在炉内燃烧氢氰酸的热损失，在一定程度上用天然气替代氢氰酸。
总之，在氢氰酸中和装置和纯化装置中的额外投资以及额外的天然气费用在经济上是值得的，因为作为回报可以不必进行氮氧化物的净化并且可以另外将氰化钠／氰化钾投入市场而增加新创造的价值。
优选地，用碱性介质制备氰化钠，因为氢氧化钠溶液(NaOH)比氢氧化钾溶液更便宜。
炉子内的热解过程优选在500至1500℃的温度和更优选在惰性氛围内(特别是在氮气中)进行。
本发明的另一主题是根据本发明的方法来制造碳纤维的设备，其包括炉子，该炉子被设定产生500至1500℃的温度，使得被引入到所述炉子中的聚丙烯腈(PAN)可在热作用下碳化成碳纤维，并且包括用来接收在碳化过程中所释出的氢氰酸(HCN)的接收工具，该设备具有洗涤器，通过该洗涤器可将所接收的氢氰酸与碱性介质，特别是氢氧化钠溶液(NaOH)或氢氧化钾溶液(KOH)接触，并且该设备设计有用于收集在氢氰酸与碱性介质接触时形成的、含有氰化物-盐的碱液的收集工具。

Claims (6)

1.用来制造碳纤维的方法，其中将聚丙烯腈(PAN)通过热解释出氢氰酸(HCN)而碳化成碳纤维，其特征在于，收集所释出的氢氰酸和用碱性介质将其洗涤而得到含有氰化物-盐的碱液。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所释出的氢氰酸用氢氧化钠溶液(NaOH)洗涤从而得到含有氰化钠(NaCN)的碱液。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所释出的氢氰酸用氢氧化钾溶液(KOH)洗涤从而得到含有氰化钾(KCN)的碱液。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热解是在500至1500℃的温度进行的。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热解是在惰性氛围中，特别是在氮气中进行的。
6.用来制造碳纤维的设备，其包括炉子，所述炉子被设定产生500至1500℃的温度，使得被引入到所述炉子中的聚丙烯腈(PAN)能够在热作用下碳化成碳纤维，并且包括用来接收在碳化过程中所释出的氢氰酸(HCN)的接收工具，其特征在于洗涤器，通过该洗涤器可将所接收的氢氰酸与碱性介质，特别是氢氧化钠溶液(NaOH)或氢氧化钾溶液(KOH)接触，其特征还在于收集工具，该收集工具用于收集在氢氰酸与碱性介质接触时形成的、含有氰化物-盐的碱液。
CN201280022844.5A 2011-05-10 2012-04-19 制造碳纤维的方法 Pending CN103597130A (zh)

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DE102011075595A DE102011075595A1 (de) 2011-05-10 2011-05-10 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kohlefasern
DE102011075595.0 2011-05-10
PCT/EP2012/057116 WO2012152554A1 (de) 2011-05-10 2012-04-19 Verfahren zur herstellung von kohlefasern

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KR (1) KR20140032415A (zh)
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BR (1) BR112013028741A2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2834961A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE102011075595A1 (zh)
IL (1) IL229309A0 (zh)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10219670B2 (en) 2014-09-05 2019-03-05 Tennant Company Systems and methods for supplying treatment liquids having nanobubbles

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WO2012152554A1 (de) 2012-11-15
EP2707525A1 (de) 2014-03-19
CA2834961A1 (en) 2012-11-15
MX2013013047A (es) 2014-02-17
IL229309A0 (en) 2014-01-30
JP2014522454A (ja) 2014-09-04
RU2013154470A (ru) 2015-06-20
BR112013028741A2 (pt) 2017-01-24
TW201250075A (en) 2012-12-16
DE102011075595A1 (de) 2012-11-15
US20140147366A1 (en) 2014-05-29

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Application publication date: 20140219