CN103568847A - 用于减小由电池触电带来的危险的车辆安全系统 - Google Patents

用于减小由电池触电带来的危险的车辆安全系统 Download PDF

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CN103568847A
CN103568847A CN201310350183.5A CN201310350183A CN103568847A CN 103568847 A CN103568847 A CN 103568847A CN 201310350183 A CN201310350183 A CN 201310350183A CN 103568847 A CN103568847 A CN 103568847A
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safety system
battery
operation plug
suo shu
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CN103568847B (zh
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M·格勒斯
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Robert Bosch GmbH
Samsung SDI Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0007—Measures or means for preventing or attenuating collisions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/65—Monitoring or controlling charging stations involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/12—Driver interactions by confirmation, e.g. of the input
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/16—Driver interactions by display
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于减小由电池(12)触电带来的危险的车辆(11)安全系统(10)，其中该安全系统(10)安置在车辆(11)的外表面上并具有可操作表面(13)和带有操作插头(15)的充电插座(14)。特点是，操作插头(15)和充电插座(14)在车辆(11)之外相互组合并且构造成使得该操作插头(15)的取下造成车辆(11)断电。本发明还涉及一种包括这样的电池的机动车和一种用于减小由电池触电带来的危险的方法，该方法用于实施本发明。

Description

用于减小由电池触电带来的危险的车辆安全系统
技术领域
本发明涉及用于减小由电池触电带来的危险的车辆安全系统。该安全系统在车辆外表面上具有可操作表面和带有操作插头的充电插座。在此，该操作插头和该充电插座在车辆之外相互组合并且构造成使该操作插头的取下造成车辆断电。
本发明还涉及包括这样的电池的机动车和用于减小由电池触电带来的危险的方法，该方法用于实施本发明。
背景技术
出现以下情况，即，未来不仅在固定不动的应用场合如风电设备、呈混合动力车辆或电动车辆形式的机动车中，而且在电子装置如笔记本电脑或手机中，都将使用在可靠性、安全性、容量和寿命的方面提出很严格要求的新型电池系统。
锂离子电池被判定为用于驱动系统电气化的重要角色。像在大多数其它电能蓄能器中那样，对锂离子电池来说，容量和耐用性也与温度相关。在低温时能量的装载能力和使用受到限制，而与此相对在高温下蓄能器老化更快。在未来的电池技术中可预见对于温度的一定的依赖性。
这样的锂离子电池单元通常包括电极，锂离子可在所谓的嵌入(Interkalation)过程中可逆存储或在所谓的脱嵌过程中又释放。在电池电芯充电过程中进行嵌入，而在电池电芯放电时进行脱嵌以给用电装置供电。
因为其有较高能量密度，故锂离子电池以各种方式被使用。锂离子技术必定要适用于多种应用的广泛的应用范围。它的特点尤其是高能量密度和极其少的自放电。
车辆电动驱动装置的高驱动功率需要来自蓄能器和电机的高电压或大电流。车辆乘客尤其是救助人员的安全性必须在任何情况下、例如在由电缆受损或至通电部件的距离缩短所引起的故障情况下得到保证。
只由按照现有技术和规定所使用的“伺服装置”不足以保证车辆乘客的安全性。“伺服装置”设置用于维修且遮蔽地安装在车辆上，因而在大多数情况下只有在接触车辆后才能操作“伺服装置”。
“伺服装置”本身通常难以接近，因为其装配在电池壳体上。电池壳体因为行驶动力学和行驶稳定性(例如麋鹿测试时的易倾翻性)而以低重心进行装配(例如在车辆地板底部)。
DE102009057007B4公开一种车辆，尤其是混合动力车和/或电动车，其具有可操作的电压电源主开关和用于锁定主开关以防止非法操作的安全装置。所述操作在车辆之外进行。另外，该车辆具有安全断电装置，其在发现事故和/或伺服场合时解除和/或断开所述安全装置并由此准许主开关的操作。
发明内容
通过本发明，消除或至少减轻现有技术的一个或多个问题。根据本发明，提供一种用于减小由电池触电带来的危险的车辆安全系统，其中该安全系统安置在车辆的外表面上并且具有可操作表面和带有操作插头的充电插座。特点是，该操作插头和充电插座在车辆之外相互组合并且如此构成，即，使该操作插头的取下造成车辆断电，或者利用接近传感器实现的物体检测造成车辆断电。
在本发明中，电池是指锂离子电池。通过使用锂离子技术，可以获得很高的蓄能密度，这尤其在电动车领域内带来其它优点。
本发明基于以下认识，在本发明中该操作插头和充电插座在车辆之外相互组合并通过取下操作插头造成车辆断电。通过操作插头和充电插座相互组合，可以不接触车辆就将电池与车辆可靠断开。换句话说，通过操作插头和充电插座的组合优化了电池与车辆的隔断，因而保证电池的可靠断开。
一方面，在可操作表面和操作插头之间存在机械连接。该操作插头通过可操作表面的打开被操作。另一方面，该可操作表面或操作插头可被锁定而不会再接通。因为应通过无关者例如在维修过程中避免安全系统的有意和无意再接通。因此，该安全系统可以通过用特殊工具的插入或者作为软件解决方案通过在可操作表面上输入密钥或口令被取掉/启动。
本发明的一个优点是，通过该操作插头和充电插座的组合来减小由电池触电带来的危险。另一方面，电池与车辆的断开将被简化。本发明的另一个优点是，由此无须为了使电池与车辆可靠断开而打开车辆的发动机罩或行李箱，而只须打开一种优选由非导电材料构成的油箱盖。
本发明的另一个优点在于，基于利用接近传感器实现的物体的探测来断电将进一步提高接近车辆的人员的安全性。
还有利的是，急救人员不必戴上耐高压手套以将电池与车辆断开。另一优点是，通过操作插头和充电插座的组合，可以更简单地实现在不同车辆上的统一位置的标准化/调节。例如安全系统可在车辆右侧安装在符合人机工程学的高度上。优点是确定了例如对于救助人员所知的可从外表利于辨识的统一位置，代替在不同车辆上的各个特异位置。由此，救助人员或使用者可以轻松解除该联锁，无需接触导电的车辆部件。该安全系统还可被锁定而不会再接通。
还有利的是，在电池寿命结束时，在回收车辆之前也能启动电池放电，这减小由电池触电带来的危险。另外，有利地提供一种优化的安全系统，它无须为附加的安全性付出更多费用。另一个优点是可加入附加功能，例如像防滥用保护或驻车锁的保护装置。而且，该安全系统以被盖子盖住或打开的方式集成在车辆中。还有利地减小了复杂性。
根据本发明的一个有利实施方式，可操作表面由非导电材料构成。由此将有利地阻止由电池触电带来的可能的危险，进而提高安全性。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方式规定，可操作表面是视觉指示。通过视觉指示，有利地显示出潜在危险并向救助人员给出行动指南。
根据本发明的另一个优选实施方式规定，可操作表面形成有光学控制机构。由此有利地发现是否有危险和是否已经发生断电。
还在本发明的一个特殊实施方式中规定，可操作表面相对于充电插座镜像对称布置。此时有利的是，该安全系统被优化和简化。
或者有利地规定，可操作表面显示系统状态并发出颜色信号、闪烁信号和/或音频信号。由此，有利地发出危险指示和警报，以便救助人员能在紧急情况下快速应对。而且，由此有利地提高安全性。
根据本发明的另一个实施方式，操作插头和电池与连接单元处于连接中。在此的优点是，由此减小电池触电的可能性并且也因此提高安全性。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中规定，该电池通过信号联锁和/或供电联锁被断开。由此有利地建立限定的可靠状态。
根据本发明的一个有利实施方式，接近传感器是超声波传感器或雷达传感器或光学传感器，尤其是摄像机。
根据本发明，还提供一种具有电池和安全系统的机动车，其中该电池与机动车的驱动系统相连接。
本发明还涉及一种利用安全系统减小由电池触电带来的危险的方法，其中该安全系统具有可从车辆之外操作的表面、充电插座和操作插头，包括以下步骤：从充电插座取下操作插头以断电，其中通过取下操作插头而打开一个保护装置，借此将高压电路和低压电路机械断开，从而在事故和/或系统故障的情况下将电池可靠地与车辆断开。
在从属权利要求中给出且在说明书中描述了本发明的有利改进方案。
附图说明
将结合附图和以下说明来详述本发明的实施例，其中：
图1是本发明的安全系统的示意图；
图2是包括视觉指示和由操作插头和充电插座组成的组件的本发明安全系统的示意图；
图3是本发明的包括安装在车辆上的接近传感器的安全系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的用于减小由电池12触电带来的危险的安全系统10的示意图。图1示出车辆11的内部现状。在此，电池12装配在车辆11的底部上。安全系统10安装在易接近的位置上。
除了车辆11的充电外，这个统一的、从人机工程学上讲易接近的熟悉位置也用于解除联锁，而不必接触导电的车辆部件。操作插头15和电池12处于与连接单元16的连接中。由此减小电池触电危险并且还提高安全性。
图2示出包括视觉指示和由操作插头15和充电插座14组成的组件的本发明安全系统10的示意图。图2示出一个盖17，它具有可操作表面13。可操作表面13是视觉指示，在此向操作者(救助人员或使用者)发送信息、例如安全系统10的操作指南，或者发出颜色信号、闪烁信号和/或音频信号，以便例如保护车辆11以免滥用或偷窃。在此视觉指示由非导电材料构成。由此将避免电池12触电并且提高安全性。
图2还示出用于电池12断电的充电插座14和操作插头15，它们相互组合。就是说，可利用插座不仅将车辆11充电，而且可利用操作插头15保证电池断电。安全系统10显示出系统状态并且在需要时给维护人员、急救人员或救助人员发出指示和信号，因而允许车辆可靠断电。如果操作插头15被操作/取下，则车辆11断电。
安全系统10优选被锁定以防止无意接通，例如其做法是，操作插头15就像加油管接头上的油箱盖那样可被取下。而且，可操作表面13例如通过发出指示、颜色信号、闪光信号和/或音频信号的显示器给操作者提供用于信息和操作的空间，以防止可能有的滥用。就是说，通过取下操作插头15建立安全状态，因为由此断开低压回路和高压回路。为此，发现不希望的电位差或不确定状态并且建立安全状态。而且，电池12可通过信号联锁和/或供电联锁被隔断。对于极端特殊情况或者回收，存在安全系统10可紧急放电的可能性。为了安全系统10的充电，优选采用必需的插接触点，例如像主控触点(联锁-信号)，其本来就是车辆11充电、电流流过或插接控制所需要的。
图3示出包括安装在车辆11上的接近传感器N的本发明安全系统10的示意图。接近传感器N可以是超声波传感器或雷达传感器或光学传感器，尤其是摄像机。根据本发明的另一个有利实施方式，接近传感器N可以是已装在车辆上的传感器，例如是泊车辅助传感器或距离传感器。
如果借助接近传感器N发现物体例如接近车辆11的人P，则依据由接近传感器N获得的信号造成车辆11断电。优选地，断电在人P到达距车辆11的一定距离d或更近或者以一个速度接近车辆11时才进行，其中该速度的值高于一个确定的阈值。
未示出的分析单元被用于处理由接近传感器N产生的信号。
接近传感器N优选可以安装在车辆11的外表面上，尤其安装在其安全系统10上。根据本发明的另一个有利实施方式，接近传感器可以安装在车辆11的未示出的保险杠上。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于减小由电池(12)触电带来的危险的车辆(11)的安全系统(10)，其中，该安全系统(10)布置在车辆(11)的外表面上并具有可操作表面(13)和带有操作插头(15)的充电插座(14)，
其特征是，该操作插头(15)和充电插座(14)在车辆(11)之外相互组合并且构造成使该操作插头(15)的取下造成车辆(11)断电；或者
利用接近传感器(N)实现的物体检测造成车辆(11)断电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的安全系统(10)，其中，所述可操作表面(13)由非导电材料构成。
3.根据前述权利要求之一所述的安全系统(10)，其中，所述可操作表面(13)是视觉指示。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的安全系统(10)，其中，所述可操作表面(13)形成有用于识别断电的光学控制机构。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的安全系统(10)，其中，所述可操作表面(13)相对于充电插座(14)镜像对称地布置。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的安全系统(10)，其中，所述可操作表面(13)显示系统状态并且发出颜色信号、闪烁信号和/或音频信号。
7.根据前述权利要求之一所述的安全系统(10)，其中，所述操作插头(15)和所述电池(12)与连接单元(16)处于连接中。
8.根据前述权利要求之一所述的安全系统(10)，其中，所述电池(12)通过信号联锁和/或供电联锁被断开。
9.根据前述权利要求之一所述的安全系统(10)，其中，所述接近传感器(N)是超声波传感器或雷达传感器或光学传感器，尤其是摄像机。
10.一种机动车，具有电池(12)和根据权利要求1至9之一所述的安全系统(10)，其中，该电池(12)与该机动车的驱动系统连接。
11.一种利用安全系统(10)减小由电池(12)触电带来的危险的方法，其中，该安全系统(10)具有能够从车辆(11)之外操作的表面(13)、充电插座(14)和操作插头(15)，该方法包括以下步骤：从充电插座(14)取下操作插头(15)以断电，其中，通过取下该操作插头(15)而打开一个保护装置，借此将高压电路和低压电路机械断开，从而在事故和/或系统故障的情况下可靠地将电池(12)与车辆(11)断开。
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