CN110576763A - 用于蓄能器的移动式放电设备 - Google Patents

用于蓄能器的移动式放电设备 Download PDF

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CN110576763A
CN110576763A CN201910486250.3A CN201910486250A CN110576763A CN 110576763 A CN110576763 A CN 110576763A CN 201910486250 A CN201910486250 A CN 201910486250A CN 110576763 A CN110576763 A CN 110576763A
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D·鲁珀特
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于电动车辆的蓄能器的移动式放电设备以及一种用于运行所述设备的方法。

Description

用于蓄能器的移动式放电设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于电动车辆的蓄能器的移动式放电设备以及一种用于运行所述设备的方法。
背景技术
当今的电动车辆通常具有两种为车辆的高压蓄能器(动力电池)充电的方法。这可以通过传统的交流电压(AC充电，例如具有11kW的充电功率)或通过直流电压(DC充电，例如具有150kW的充电功率)实现。
两种充电方法要求单独的防护、试验和释放。这在最新型的具有500km的续驶里程的BEV(纯电动车辆)的情况下是一种挑战，因此充电试验仅可以通过放空的动力电池实现。当前仅提供如下可能性：在每次完全充电试验之后再次使车辆行驶至“电池没电”。这在平均续驶里程为500km的情况下导致巨大的研发费用、较长的试验时间和导致试验持续时间或测试时间的损失。而且还需要具有样车驾驶执照的训练有素的驾驶员。
文献DE 10 2012 202 465 A1公开了一种具有充电/放电装置的电源系统，该充电/放电装置连接在车辆上并可以使车辆的电蓄能器充电或放电。
从文献DE 10 2008 032 100 A1已知一种电容器装置和具有这种电容器装置的用于车辆的电源。车辆的电容器装置通过插入适配器进行放电。
从文献US 2014/042806 A1已知一种用于车辆的安全系统，用于降低电池的电击风险。该安全系统包括用于在回收过程之前使电池放电的方法。
发明内容
在这个背景下所提出的本发明的目的是，至少部分地消除现有技术的缺点。
上述目的根据本发明通过一种具有权利要求1的特征的设备和一种具有权利要求8的特征的方法实现。本发明的设计方案和改进方案由从属权利要求说明。
本发明的主题是一种用于电动车辆蓄能器的移动式放电设备(“移动式放电桩”)。蓄能器例如是高压电池(HV电池)，该高压电池作为动力电池使用。
放电设备包括至少一个第一CCS插头，该至少一个第一CCS插头通过充电缆线与所述设备连接并被配置成用于连接在电动车辆的充电插座上，放电设备还包括用于将从蓄能器中获取的电能转换为热(量)的器件、用于将从蓄能器中获取的电能转换为交流电的器件和/或用于将从蓄能器中获取的电能转换为直流电的器件，以及控制器，该控制器被配置成用于控制放电过程。
根据本发明的设备包括至少一个CCS插头，该至少一个CCS插头通过充电缆线与所述设备连接并被配置成用于，连接在电动车辆的充电插座(车辆侧的充电插座)上。CCS表示“Combined Charging System(联合充电系统)”。相应的插头在IEC 62196的第3部分中被定义。在实施形式中是2型插头。这种类型在欧洲是标准类型。在另一实施形式中是1型插头。这种类型主要在美国使用。车辆的蓄能器的放电通过充电插座借助于DC电压实现。
放电设备可以通过各种方式使用获取的充电功率：
·在放电功率较小(最大达20kW)的情况下将获取的功率转换为热；
·将获取的充电功率(最大达20kW)回馈到AC电网(家用电网)；
·将获取的充电功率回馈到其它电动车辆中(最大达150kW)。
视按照本发明的放电设备的实施形式而定也可以使用这些应用类型的组合。
在一个实施形式中，用于将从蓄能器中获取的电能转换为热的器件包括至少一个电阻。放电电流流过至少一个电阻并在电阻中转换为热。
在另一实施形式中，用于将从蓄能器中获取的电能转换为交流电的器件包括逆变器，该逆变器的输出端与三相插头连接。该三相插头可以连接在交流电网、例如家用电网上并将在设备中产生的交流电馈入该电网中。
在另一实施形式中，用于将从蓄能器中获取的电能转换为直流电的器件包括直流变换器(DC/DC变换器)，该直流变换器的输出端与至少一个第二CCS插头连接，所述至少一个第二CCS插头被配置成用于，连接在第二电动车辆的充电插座上。因此可以通过从第一电动车辆的蓄能器中获取的电能为第二电动车辆的蓄能器充电。还可以将具有CCS插头的多个充电缆线连接在DC/DC变换器的输出端上。因此可以连接多个其它电动车辆并为这些其它电动车辆的蓄能器充电。
根据本发明的放电设备的控制器被配置成用于，控制放电过程。在放电设备的一个实施形式中，控制器被设置成用于，通过PLC(Power Line Communication(电力线通信))与该电动车辆或所述多个电动车辆通信。在另一实施形式中，控制器被设置成用于，在放电过程期间监控放电电流和放电电压，并如此控制放电过程，使得不超过规定的最大放电电流且不低于规定的最小放电电压。在另一实施形式中，控制器被设置成用于，确保在放电过程之后在放电的蓄能器中保留有规定的剩余容量(SoC)。规定的剩余容量可以例如是蓄能器的额定容量的例如5％。如果在放电过程期间达到蓄能器的5％的剩余电量，则控制器中断放电过程。
本发明的主题还包括一种用于通过根据本发明的放电设备使电动车辆的蓄能器放电的方法。在此，将所述设备的至少一个第一CCS插头插接在电动车辆的充电插座中，并通过充电缆线从电动车辆的蓄能器中获取电能(直流电形式)并将电能导入所述设备中。在所述方法的一个实施形式中，移动式放电设备的控制器控制放电电流和放电电压，并且当蓄能器的剩余电量(SoC)达到规定的阈值(例如5％)时中断放电过程。从蓄能器中获取的电能在设备中可选地被转换为热、交流电和/或直流电。在方法的一个实施形式中，利用从蓄能器中获取的电能可以为第二电动车辆的蓄能器充电。该方法实现了能量节省和成本节省，这是因为被放电的车辆可以为其它车辆的蓄能器充电。
根据本发明的设备和根据本发明的方法在电池和方法研发中实现了研发成本的降低，这是因为不需要驾驶员来使蓄能器运行至“电池没电”并取消了与此相关的时间损耗。还实现了较短的试验时间，这是因为试验时间可以仅用于充电测试，而且还仅需要较少数量的试验车辆。
从说明书和附图中得到本发明的其它优点和设计方案。
当然的是，在不离开本发明的范围的情况下，上面所述的和下面待述的特征不仅能以相应给出的组合、而且还能以其它组合或单独地使用。
附图说明
根据附图中的实施形式示意性示出本发明并参照附图示意性详述本发明。在此示出：
图1示出根据本发明的放电设备的一个实施形式的示意图；
图2示出根据本发明的放电设备的另一实施形式的示意图；
图3示出根据本发明的放电设备的又一个实施形式的示意图。
附图标记列表：
10 放电设备
11 CCS插头
12 电阻
13 逆变器
14 三相插头
15 DC/DC变换器
16 CCS插头
具体实施方式
图1示意性示出根据本发明的放电设备10的一个实施形式，放电设备具有通过充电缆线连接在该放电设备上的CCS插头11。如果CCS插头11连接在电动车辆的充电插座上，则该电动车辆的蓄能器通过设备10中的电阻12放电，该电阻将获取的功率转换为热。在这个实施形式中，放电功率的值典型地最大达到20kW。箭头示出所连接的电动车辆的功率流。
图2示意性示出根据本发明的放电设备10的另一实施形式，放电设备具有通过充电缆线连接在该放电设备上的CCS插头11。如果CCS插头11连接在电动车辆的充电插座上，则该电动车辆的蓄能器通过设备10中的逆变器13放电，该逆变器将所获取的功率转换为三相交流电，该三相交流电通过三相插头14导出并例如回馈到交流电网(家用电网)中。在这个实施形式中，放电功率的值典型地最大达到20kW。箭头示出所连接的电动车辆的功率流。
图3示意性示出根据本发明的放电设备10的又一个实施形式，放电设备具有通过充电缆线连接在该放电设备上的CCS插头11。如果CCS插头11连接在电动车辆的充电插座上，则该电动车辆的蓄能器通过设备10中的直流变换器15(DC/DC变换器)放电，该直流变换器将所获取的功率通过具有第二CCS插头16的第二充电缆线输送到第二电动车辆的充电插座，以便为该第二电动车辆的蓄能器充电。在这个实施形式中，放电功率的值典型地最大达到150kW。箭头示出所连接的电动车辆的功率流。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于电动车辆的蓄能器的移动式放电设备(10)，所述移动式放电设备包括：至少一个第一CCS插头(11)，所述至少一个第一CCS插头通过充电缆线与所述移动式放电设备(10)连接并被配置成用于连接在电动车辆的充电插座上；用于将从蓄能器中获取的电能转换为热量的器件(12)、用于将从蓄能器中获取的电能转换为交流电的器件(13)和/或用于将从蓄能器中获取的电能转换为直流电的器件(15)；以及控制器，该控制器被配置成用于控制放电过程。
2.根据权利要求1所述的移动式放电设备(10)，其特征在于，用于将从蓄能器中获取的电能转换为热量的器件(12)包括至少一个电阻。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的移动式放电设备(10)，其特征在于，用于将从蓄能器中获取的电能转换为交流电的器件(13)包括逆变器，该逆变器的输出端与三相插头(14)连接。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的移动式放电设备(10)，其特征在于，用于将从蓄能器中获取的电能转换为直流电的器件(15)包括直流变换器(15)，该直流变换器的输出端与至少一个第二CCS插头(16)连接，所述至少一个第二CCS插头被配置成用于，连接在第二电动车辆的充电插座上。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的移动式放电设备(10)，其特征在于，控制器被设置成用于，通过电力线通信(PLC)与电动车辆通信。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的移动式放电设备(10)，其特征在于，控制器被设置成用于，将放电过程控制成，使得不超过规定的最大放电电流且不低于规定的最小放电电压。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的移动式放电设备(10)，其特征在于，控制器被设置成用于，确保在放电过程之后在放电的蓄能器中保留有规定的剩余容量(SoC)。
8.一种用于通过根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的移动式放电设备(10)使电动车辆的蓄能器放电的方法，其中，将至少一个第一CCS插头(11)插接在电动车辆的充电插座中，并通过充电缆线从电动车辆的蓄能器中获取电能并将电能导入所述移动式放电设备中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，移动式放电设备(10)的控制器控制放电电流和放电电压，并且当蓄能器的剩余电量达到规定的阈值时中断放电过程。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于，利用从蓄能器中获取的电能为第二电动车辆的蓄能器充电。
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