CN103562250B - 含有蓖麻油的高回弹性聚氨酯泡沫 - Google Patents
含有蓖麻油的高回弹性聚氨酯泡沫 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103562250B CN103562250B CN201280025606.XA CN201280025606A CN103562250B CN 103562250 B CN103562250 B CN 103562250B CN 201280025606 A CN201280025606 A CN 201280025606A CN 103562250 B CN103562250 B CN 103562250B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- polyhydric alcohol
- polyurethane foam
- methyl diphenylene
- diphenylene diisocyanate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
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- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- -1 polyoxy Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
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- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
本发明涉及制备高弹性柔性聚氨酯泡沫的方法,其中将(a)异氰酸酯预聚物、(b)带有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合化合物、(c)蓖麻油、(d)任选地扩链剂和/或交联剂、(e)催化剂、(f)发泡剂以及任选地(g)添加剂混合以形成反应混合物,并进行反应以得到柔性聚氨酯泡沫,其中基于组分(b)-(g)的总重量计使用大于5重量%的蓖麻油(c),并且异氰酸酯预聚物(a)通过将二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(a1)和多元醇1(a2)以及任选地其他多元醇、扩链剂和/或交联剂混合而获得,其中将具有羟值30-60、平均官能度2.3-3.2和基于氧亚烷基含量计70-100重量%的氧亚丙基部分的聚氧亚烷基多元醇用作多元醇1(a2)。本发明还涉及通过该方法获得的高弹性聚氨酯泡沫和这些泡沫作为汽车座椅的用途。
Description
本发明涉及制备高回弹性(resilience)柔性聚氨酯泡沫的方法,该方法包括:将(a)异氰酸酯预聚物,(b)带有异氰酸酯反应性基团的聚合化合物、(c)蓖麻油、(d)任选地扩链剂和/或交联剂、(e)催化剂、(f)发泡剂以及任选地(g)添加剂混合以形成反应混合物,并进行反应以形成柔性聚氨酯泡沫,其中基于组分(b)-(g)的总重量计使用多于5重量%的蓖麻油(c),并且异氰酸酯预聚物(a)通过将二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(a1)和多元醇1(a2)以及任选地其他多元醇、扩链剂和/或交联剂混合而获得,其中多元醇1(a2)包含具有羟值30-60、平均官能度2.3-3.2和基于氧亚烷基含量计70-100重量%的氧亚丙基部分的聚氧亚烷基多元醇。
高回弹性聚氨酯泡沫是已知的并用作例如家具工业中的装潢材料、床垫,或用于汽车座椅的生产。在许多领域,对生态的关注和化石原材料储备减少的前景正推动对解决方案的寻找,通过该解决方案可用可再生原材料取代化石原材料。例如,在聚氨酯一体化泡沫的生产中,基于化石原材料的多元醇正被基于可再生原材料的多元醇取代。
JP2010174111描述了在作为异氰酸酯组分的聚酯多元醇和TDI(80:202,4-TDI:2,6-TDI混合物)的存在下在基础多元醇组分中使用45-75重量%的蓖麻油而生产聚氨酯泡沫的方法。该方法产生的泡沫回弹性低。
US2009286897描述了一种具有14%的DIN EN ISO 8307回弹性的粘弹性聚氨酯泡沫,该泡沫从基于单体的和更多原子核的MDI的异氰酸酯预聚物获得,以及从官能度为3、羟值为30的聚醚醇和含量为15重量%的氧亚乙基获得。
DE102008030940描述了一种柔性闭孔PU泡沫,该柔性闭孔PU泡沫含有含OH的油,优选蓖麻油,其中所述油并入到PU中。该泡沫是无收缩的,但主要是闭孔的,并且因为湿气不能被排出,所以舒适度极低。
由于蓖麻油的短链长和高官能度,因此在高回弹性聚氨酯泡沫的生产中使用蓖麻油是不利的。这倾向于使由此产生的泡沫更加坚硬。为了避免这点,JP2006104404提出了在聚氨酯泡沫的生产中使用乙氧基化的蓖麻油。然而,这需要额外的步骤,并因此导致复杂和昂贵的生产方法。
WO2009032894描述了降低所得泡沫的硬度并同时使用高比例生物基异氰酸酯反应性组分的另一种方法。使用官能度小于1.5的异氰酸酯反应性天然产物。但这导致了交联密度的降低,并因此泡沫的重要物理性能如拉伸强度和撕裂强度变得更差。
本发明提出的问题是提供简单且易于加工的低压缩强度的高回弹性柔性聚氨酯泡沫,其中异氰酸酯反应性组分中的一些是基于可再生原材料。
本发明提出的问题通过高回弹性聚氨酯泡沫而解决,所述高回弹性聚氨酯泡沫通过以下步骤而获得:将(a)异氰酸酯预聚物、(b)带有异氰酸酯反应性基团的聚合化合物、(c)蓖麻油、(d)任选地扩链剂和/或交联剂、(e)催化剂、(f)发泡剂以及任选地(g)添加剂混合以形成反应混合物,并进行反应以形成柔性聚氨酯泡沫,其中基于组分(b)-(g)的总重量计使用多于5重量%的蓖麻油,并且异氰酸酯预聚物(a)通过将二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(a1)和多元醇1(a2)以及任选地其他多元醇、扩链剂和/或交联剂混合而获得,其中多元醇1(a2)包含具有羟值30-60、平均官能度2.3-3.2和基于氧亚烷基(alkylene oxide)含量计70-100重量%的氧亚丙基(propylene oxide)部分的聚氧亚烷基多元醇。
此处提及的高回弹性聚氨酯泡沫是密度小于100g/l,优选20-70g/l,更优选30-60g/l,且特别是40-55g/l,且DIN EN ISO 8307回弹性大于40%,优选大于45%,且更优选大于50%的聚氨酯泡沫。本发明的高回弹性聚氨酯泡沫进一步优选具有小于10kPa,更优选小于8kPa,且特别是小于6kPa的DIN EN ISO 2439 40%挠曲压缩强度,以及优选低于30%,更优选低于20%,且特别是低于15%的DIN EN ISO 1856压缩形变(在70℃下,50%压缩22小时测量)。
本发明的异氰酸酯预聚物(a)通过将二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(a1)和多元醇1(a2)以及任选地其他多元醇和/或扩链剂混合而制备。
二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(a1)可以是选自2,2’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的单体二苯基二异氰酸酯,或两种或全部三种异构体的混合物,以及一种或多种单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的更高核(higher-nuclear)同系物的混合物。二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(a1)在20℃下的粘度优选为小于200mPas,更优选小于150mPas,且更优选小于100mPas。
二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(a1)优选包含50-80重量%且更优选60-75重量%的单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,和20-50重量%且更优选25-40重量%的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的更高核同系物,各自基于二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(a1)的总重量计。此处,单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯优选地包含70-85重量%的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的4,4’-异构体和15-30重量%的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的2,4’-异构体,各自基于单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的总重量计。
多元醇1(a2)包含具有羟值30-60且优选地40-50mg KOH/g,平均官能度2.3-3.2,优选地2.5-3.0且特别地2.6-2.8和基于氧亚烷基含量计90-100重量%,优选95-100重量%且特别是100重量%的氧亚丙基部分的聚氧亚烷基多元醇。如果除氧亚丙基之外聚合物1还包含其他氧亚烷基,则优选地考虑氧亚乙基(ethylene oxide)。可使用(b)中描述的任何已知的起始分子。优选三官能的起始分子,如甘油或三羟甲基丙烷。多元醇1(a1)的常规制备方法符合(b)中对于聚醚多元醇制备方法的描述。
除列举的多元醇1(a1)之外,其他多元醇、扩链剂和/或交联剂可任选地用于制备异氰酸酯预聚物(a)。这些多元醇、扩链剂和/或交联剂在(b)和(c)中描述。优选地,异氰酸酯预聚物(a)无需使用扩链剂和/或交联剂而制备。
除多元醇1(a1)之外,多元醇2也优选地用于制备异氰酸酯预聚物(a)。多元醇2优选地为具有羟值30-60、优选40-60,平均官能度2.3-3.2、优选2.5-3.0且特别地2.6-2.8和基于氧亚烷基含量计70-90重量%的氧亚乙基部分的聚氧亚烷基多元醇。所述氧亚烷基优选氧亚乙基和氧亚丙基的混合物。可使用(b)中描述的任何已知起始分子。优选三官能的起始分子,如甘油或三羟甲基丙烷。多元醇2的常规制备方法符合(b)中对于聚醚多元醇制备方法的描述。
异氰酸酯预聚物通过将如下起始物料混合而制备:二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(a1)、多元醇1(a2)和任选地其他多元醇、扩链剂和/或交联剂。该混合优选地以一定比例进行以使预聚物的NCO含量为28-33重量%,优选地为29-31重量%。此处使用比例优选地为75-99重量%的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(a1),优选地1-10重量%的多元醇1(a2)和0-15重量%、优选地2-15重量%且特别地4-12重量%的多元醇2。所述混合物优选地加热到30-100℃,且更优选地约80℃的温度。
使用的带有异氰酸酯反应性基团的聚合化合物(b)包括已知的和通常用于制备柔性聚氨酯泡沫的化合物。优选地包括具有2-8,特别地2-6且优选地2-4的官能度,和400-3000g/mol且优选1000-2500g/mol的平均相对分子量的聚酯多元醇和/或聚醚多元醇。特别是使用聚醚多元醇。
聚醚多元醇可通过已知方法获得,通常通过将环氧烷烃,特别是环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷,催化加成至H官能的起始物质上,或通过四氢呋喃的缩合而获得。当使用环氧烷烃时,产物也称为聚氧亚烷基多元醇。可用的H官能的起始物质特别地包括多官能醇和/或多官能胺。优选使用水、二元醇(如乙二醇、丙二醇或丁二醇)、三元醇(如甘油或三羟甲基丙烷),以及更高元醇(如季戊四醇,糖醇如蔗糖、葡萄糖或山梨糖醇)。优选的胺为具有最高达10个碳原子的脂肪胺(如乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、丙二胺),以及氨基醇(如乙醇胺或二乙醇胺)。使用的环氧烷烃优选地为环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷,而用于制备柔性聚氨酯泡沫的聚醚多元醇通常在链末端添加氧亚乙基嵌段。用于环氧烷烃加成反应的可用催化剂特别包括碱性化合物,其中氢氧化钾是工业上最重要的一种。当聚醚多元醇中不饱和成分的水平较低时,二金属氰化物化合物或多金属氰化物化合物(所谓的DMC催化剂)也可用作催化剂。高回弹性柔性聚氨酯泡沫特别地使用二官能和/或三官能的聚氧亚烷基多元醇生产。
具有两个或多个活性氢原子的可用化合物还包括例如可从具有2-12个碳原子的有机二元羧酸、优选具有8-12个碳原子的脂族二元羧酸获得的聚酯多元醇,和具有2-12个碳原子且优选2-6个碳原子的多元醇,优选二醇。可用的二元羧酸包括如琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十二烷二酸、马来酸、富马酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸及萘二羧酸的异构体。优选使用己二酸。二元羧酸不仅可以单独使用,而且可以彼此混合使用。也可使用相应的二元羧酸衍生物替代游离的二元羧酸,例如具有1-4个碳原子的醇的二元羧酸酯或二元羧酸酐。
具有两个或更多个羟基基团的醇且特别是二醇的实例为:乙二醇、二甘醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、二丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,10-癸二醇、甘油和三羟甲基丙烷。优选使用乙二醇、二甘醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇或其两种或更多种的混合物,特别是1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇和1,6-己二醇的混合物。还可使用由内酯(如ω-己内酯)或羟基羧酸(如ω-羟基己酸和羟基苯甲酸)形成的聚酯多元醇。优选使用二丙二醇。
聚酯多元醇的羟值优选为40至100mg KOH/g。
可用的多元醇还包括聚合物改性的多元醇,优选聚合物改性的聚酯多元醇或聚醚多元醇,更优选接枝聚醚多元醇/聚酯多元醇,特别地是接枝聚醚多元醇。聚合物改性的多元醇是所谓的聚合物多元醇,其具有含量优选为5-60重量%,优选10-55重量%,更优选30-55重量%,且特别地40-50重量%的热塑性聚合物。
聚合物多元醇描述于例如EP-A-250 351、DE 111 394、US 3 304 273、US 3 383 351、US 3 523 093、DE 1 152 536和DE 1 152 537中,并通常在接枝的基础多元醇中,优选在聚酯多元醇或聚醚多元醇中,由合适的烯属单体的自由基聚合而获得,所述合适的烯属单体如苯乙烯、丙烯腈、(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸和/或丙烯酰胺。侧链通常通过自由基从生长的聚合物链到多元醇的转移而形成。除接枝共聚物之外,聚合物多元醇主要包括分散在未改性多元醇中的烯烃的均聚物。
一个优选的实施方案使用丙烯腈和苯乙烯、特别是仅使用苯乙烯作为单体。单体任选地在作为连续相的聚酯多元醇或聚醚多元醇中,在其他单体、大分子单体、慢化剂的存在下且使用自由基引发剂(通常为偶氮化合物或过氧化合物)而聚合。
当高分子量的化合物b)包含聚合物多元醇时,聚合物多元醇优选与其他多元醇,如聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇或聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇的混合物,一起存在。优选地,不使用聚合物多元醇。
多元醇b特别优选基本上仅包含官能度为2-4、优选2.5-3.5且平均相对分子量为400-3000、优选1000-2500g/mol的聚醚多元醇。此处“基本上”意指少于30重量%,更优选少于20重量%,甚至更优选少于10重量%,且特别地不使用其他多元醇。聚醚多元醇优选为通过作为环氧烷烃的环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷与起始分子反应而得到的聚醚多元醇,且其中环氧乙烷含量优选为40-5重量%,更优选30-8重量%,且特别是20-10重量%,基于环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的总重量计。
蓖麻油(c)是从热带奇树(蓖麻,Ricinus communis)的种子获得的植物油,且CAS号是08001-79-4。它基本上是由脂肪酸的甘油三酯组成的混合物,其中包含约70重量%的蓖麻油酸的甘油三酯,约27重量%的由两分子蓖麻油酸和一分子其他脂肪酸形成的甘油三酯,和约3重量%的由一分子蓖麻油酸和两分子其他脂肪酸形成的甘油三酯。其他脂肪酸包括如亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸。组分细节随来源而变化。该异氰酸酯反应性天然油的平均官能度为约2.7且羟值为160-185mg KOH/g。
本发明使用的蓖麻油(c)的量大于5重量%,优选10-30重量%,更优选12-25重量%,且特别地15-20重量%,各自基于组分(b)-(g)的总重量计。
使用的扩链剂和/或交联剂(d)是分子量低于500g/mol且优选为60-400g/mol的物质,扩链剂具有2个异氰酸酯反应性氢原子且交联剂具有3个异氰酸酯反应性氢原子。这些扩链剂和/或交联剂可以单独使用或以混合物的形式使用。优选使用分子量小于400,更优选为60-300,且特别是60-150的二醇和/或三醇。可能的是例如具有2-14个碳原子且优选2-10个碳原子的脂族、脂环族和/或芳族的二醇,如乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,10-癸二醇、邻二羟基环己烷、间二羟基环己烷、对二羟基环己烷、二甘醇、二丙二醇,且优选1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇和双(2-羟乙基)氢醌;三醇,如1,2,4-三羟基环己烷、1,3,5-三羟基环己烷、甘油和三羟甲基丙烷;和基于环氧乙烷和/或1,2-环氧丙烷及上文提及的作为起始分子的二醇和/或三醇的低分子量含羟基的聚环氧烷烃。特别优选使用单乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇和/或甘油作为扩链剂(d)。
当使用扩链剂、交联剂或其混合物时,它们的使用量有利地为1-60重量%,优选为1.5-50重量%,且特别是2-40重量%,基于组分(b)和(d)的重量计。
用于制备高回弹性聚氨酯泡沫的可用催化剂(e)优选地为使组分(b)、(c)和任选地(d)的含羟基的化合物与聚异氰酸酯(a)的反应显著加速的化合物。实例为脒,如2,3-二甲基-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶;叔胺,如三乙胺、三丁胺、二甲基苄胺、N-甲基吗啉、N-乙基吗啉、N-环己基吗啉、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基丁二胺、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基己二胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、四甲基二氨基乙基醚、双(二甲基氨基丙基)脲、二甲基哌嗪、1,2-二甲基咪唑、1-氮杂双环-(3,3,0)-辛烷且优选1,4-二氮杂双环-(2,2,2)-辛烷;和链烷醇胺化合物,如三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺、N-乙基二乙醇胺和二甲基乙醇胺。类似合适的催化剂为有机金属化合物,优选有机锡化合物如有机羧酸的锡(II)盐,如乙酸锡(II)、辛酸锡(II)、乙基己酸锡(II)和月桂酸锡(II);和有机羧酸的二烷基锡(IV)盐,如二乙酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、马来酸二丁基锡和二乙酸二辛基锡;以及羧酸铋,如新癸酸铋(III)、2-乙基己酸铋和辛酸铋;或其混合物。有机金属化合物可单独使用或优选与强碱性胺结合使用。当组分(b)为酯时,优选仅使用胺催化剂。
优选使用0.001-5重量%且特别是0.05-2重量%的催化剂或催化剂结合物,基于组分(b)的重量计。
在发泡剂(f)的存在下进一步生产聚氨酯泡沫。作为发泡剂(f),可使用化学作用发泡剂和/或物理作用化合物。化学发泡剂是与异氰酸酯反应以形成气体产物的化合物,如水或甲酸。物理发泡剂是在聚氨酯合成的起始材料中已经溶解或乳化的化合物且在聚氨酯形成条件下蒸发的化合物。实例为烃、卤代烃及其它化合物,如全氟烷烃(如全氟己烷)、氯氟烃;和醚、酯、酮和/或缩醛,如具有4-8个碳原子的脂(环)族烃;氢氟碳化合物,如Solkane□ 365mfc;或气体,如二氧化碳。在一个优选的实施方案中,使用的发泡剂是这些发泡剂的混合物,包括水,且更优选地仅有水。
在一个优选的实施方案中,物理发泡剂(f)(若存在)的水平为1-20重量%,且特别是5-20重量%,水的量优选为0.5-10重量%,且特别是1-5重量%。
可用的助物和/或添加剂(g)包括如表面活性物质、泡沫稳定剂、泡孔调节剂、外脱模剂和内脱模剂、填料、颜料、水解控制剂以及抑真菌剂和抑菌剂。
有关使用的起始材料的进一步的细节记载于如由Günter Oertel、Carl-Hanser-Verlag所编的Kunststoffhandbuch,卷7,Polyurethanes,Munich,第三版1993,第五章,Flexible polyurethane foams中。
聚氨酯泡沫的工业生产通常包括在与异氰酸酯预聚物(a)反应之前将具有两个或多个活性氢原子的化合物b)和一种或多种起始材料c)-g)结合至所谓的多元醇组分中。
为了生产本发明的高回弹性聚氨酯泡沫,在列举的发泡剂、催化剂和助物和/或添加剂(多元醇组分)的存在下,将聚异氰酸酯预聚物与具有异氰酸酯反应性基团的聚合化合物反应。此处,选择混合比例以使聚异氰酸酯(a)的NCO基团与组分(b)、(c)及任选地(d)和(f)的反应性氢原子的总和的当量比为0.7-1.25:1,且优选为0.80-1.15:1。此处,1:1的比例对应于100的异氰酸酯指数。
本发明的聚氨酯泡沫优选地通过一步法制备,例如使用高压或低压技术。泡沫在开放的或封闭的金属模具中获得,或通过将反应混合物连续应用于生产线(belt line)以生产泡沫体。
通过所谓的两组分法进行是特别有利的,其中,如上文所提及,制备多元醇组分并使多元醇组分与聚异氰酸酯a)发泡。所述组分优选地在15-120℃,且优选20-80℃的温度下混合,并引入至模具中或生产线上。模具中的温度通常为15-120℃,且优选为30-80℃。
本发明的柔性聚氨酯泡沫优选地用作家具和床垫的缓冲件,整形外科产品(如衬垫),用于汽车行业的缓冲件(如扶手、头枕且特别是汽车座椅),并且具有显著的加工性能。更具体地,异氰酸酯组分易与多元醇组分混合以获得具有良好机械性能的均一泡沫。此外,本发明的高回弹性聚氨酯泡沫根据DIN EN ISO 2440在3周期热潮湿储存(在120℃下储存5小时(1周期))之后呈现显著的性能。例如,在储存和随后的干燥之后测量的DIN EN ISO1856压缩形变优选比热潮湿储存之前小少于30%,且更优选少于25%。
以下实施例对本发明进行了说明。
这些实施例使用以下材料进行:
多元醇1:
甘油引发的聚氧环氧丙烷聚环氧乙烷,其具有基于氧亚烷基计含量为14重量%且羟值为28的聚氧亚乙基部分。
多元醇2:
甘油引发的聚环氧丙烷聚环氧乙烷,其基于氧亚烷基计含量为74重量%且羟值为42的聚氧亚乙基部分。
多元醇3:
甘油引发的聚环氧丙烷,其基于氧亚烷基计含量为100重量%且羟值为42的聚氧亚丙基部分。
蓖麻油
来自ALBERDINGK BOL的蓖麻油,其密度为0.96g/L,25℃下的粘度为1025mPas,且羟值为182mg KOH/g。
异氰酸酯:
包含71重量%的单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和29重量%的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的更高核同系物的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,各自基于二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的总重量计,其中单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯包含79重量%的4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和21重量%的2,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
催化剂I:
33重量%的三亚乙基二胺的乙二醇溶液
催化剂II:
Polycat15,购自Air Products的PU催化剂
催化剂III:
3-(二甲基氨基)丙胺
催化剂IV:
JEFFCATZR-50:购自Huntsman的PU催化剂
稳定剂
购自Goldschmidt的TegostabB8734LF
柔性聚氨酯泡沫通过将多元醇组分和异氰酸酯指数为100的聚异氰酸酯组分在高压法中混合并引入至模具中而生产。使用的异氰酸酯组分是异氰酸酯预聚物,该异氰酸酯预聚物通过将表1中“异氰酸酯组分”下记录的物质混合并随后将该混合物加热至80℃而得到。多元醇组分通过将表1中“多元醇组分”下记录的物质混合而得到。记录的量基于多元醇/异氰酸酯组分的总重量以重量%计。
表1
得到的聚氨酯泡沫的机械性能记录于表2中。压缩强度和滞后根据DIN EN ISO 3386测定,压缩形变根据DIN EN ISO 2439测定,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率根据DIN EN ISO 1798测定,空气流量值根据DIN ENISO 7231测定,回弹性根据DIN EN ISO 8307测定,且舌形试样撕破强度根据DIN ISO 34-1,B(b)测定。
表2
发明1对比1发明2发明3对比2对比3压缩强度25%[kPa]3.23.82.834.24压缩强度40%[kPa]4.14.73.63.85.35,2压缩强度65%[kPa]9.29.47.68.511.811.8在70%下的滞后[%]25.326.221.92529.232.4总密度[kg/m3]47.54748.146.34748.8压缩形变[%]8.510.57.97.28.511.8拉伸强度[kPa]1021218781104100断裂伸长率[%]929685898178 |
空气流量值[dm3/s] | 0.9 | 0.792 | 0.888 | 1.043 | 0.639 | n.d. |
回弹性[%] | 52 | 51 | 54 | 52 | 47 | 44 |
舌形试样撕破强度[N/mm] | 0.41 | 0.44 | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.4 | 0.38 |
根据DIN EN ISO 2440在三周期热潮湿老化之后的机械性能记录于表3中。
表3
上述实施例清楚地示出了本发明的高回弹性柔性聚氨酯泡沫具有非常好的机械性能,特别是具有低的压缩强度、低的压缩形变和高的回弹性,尤其是在热潮湿老化之后。
Claims (10)
1.一种制备密度小于100g/l且DIN EN 8307回弹性大于40%的高回弹性柔性聚氨酯泡沫的方法,该方法包括将以下物质混合以形成反应混合物,并进行反应以形成柔性聚氨酯泡沫,
a)异氰酸酯预聚物,
b)具有异氰酸酯反应性基团的聚合化合物,
c)蓖麻油,
d)任选地扩链剂和/或交联剂,
e)催化剂,
f)发泡剂,以及任选地
g)添加剂,
其中基于组分(b)-(g)的总重量计使用大于5重量%的蓖麻油(c),
并且异氰酸酯预聚物(a)通过将二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(a1)和多元醇1(a2)以及任选地其他多元醇、扩链剂和/或交联剂混合而获得,其中多元醇1(a2)包含具有羟值30-60mg KOH/g、平均官能度2.3-3.2和基于氧亚烷基含量计90-100重量%的氧亚丙基部分的聚氧亚烷基多元醇;
其中异氰酸酯预聚物的异氰酸酯含量为28-33重量%,且其中异氰酸酯指数为70-125。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(a1)包含50-80重量%的单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和20-50重量%的单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的更高核同系物,均基于二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(a1)的总重量计。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其中单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯包含70-85重量%的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的4,4’-异构体及15-30重量%的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的2,4’-异构体,均基于单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的总重量计。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中异氰酸酯预聚物(a)通过将75-99重量%的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(a1)、1-10重量%的多元醇1(a2)和0-15重量%的多元醇2混合而获得,其中多元醇2包含具有羟值为30-60mg KOH/g、平均官能度为2.3-3.2和基于氧亚烷基含量计70-90重量%的氧亚乙基部分的聚氧亚烷基多元醇。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其中异氰酸酯预聚物(a)的归属于多元醇2的部分为2-15重量%。
6.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中组分(b)-(g)的总重量归属于蓖麻油(c)的比例为大于10重量%。
7.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中DIN EN 8307回弹性大于45%。
8.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中聚合化合物(b)含有基于所述聚合化合物(b)计不少于70重量%的官能度为2-4且平均相对分子量为400至3000g/mol的聚醚多元醇,所述聚醚多元醇可通过作为环氧烷烃的环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷与起始分子反应而获得,且环氧乙烷含量基于环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的总重量计为40-5重量%。
9.通过权利要求1-8中任一项的方法获得的高回弹性柔性聚氨酯泡沫。
10.权利要求9的聚氨酯泡沫在汽车座椅制造中的用途。
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PCT/EP2012/059366 WO2012160024A1 (de) | 2011-05-26 | 2012-05-21 | Hochelastische polyurethanschaumstoffe, enthaltend ricinusöl |
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CN107427093A (zh) * | 2015-03-25 | 2017-12-01 | 柯科纳股份有限公司 | 增强型间位芳族聚酰胺和对位芳族聚酰胺纺织品、 服装和方法 |
CN106589910A (zh) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-04-26 | 重庆德盈汽车零部件有限公司 | 聚氨酯泡沫及其制备方法 |
MX2020004851A (es) * | 2017-11-08 | 2020-08-13 | Basf Se | Aceite vegetal como estabilizador de espuma en la fabricacion de botas de pu. |
US10793692B2 (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2020-10-06 | Covestro Llc | Viscoelastic flexible foams comprising hydroxyl-terminated prepolymers |
CN110283293B (zh) * | 2019-06-24 | 2021-12-24 | 红宝丽集团股份有限公司 | 采用端异氰酸酯基预聚体制备的仿乳胶聚氨酯软质泡沫 |
WO2021150174A1 (en) | 2020-01-20 | 2021-07-29 | Özerden Plasti̇k Sanayi̇ Ve Ti̇caret Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇ | Low density polyurethane foam using functionalized castor oil |
CN112321791A (zh) * | 2020-09-21 | 2021-02-05 | 北京化工大学 | 一种拖把用聚氨酯材料 |
CN114031741B (zh) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-06-02 | 山东一诺威聚氨酯股份有限公司 | 高性能聚氨酯慢回弹护具组合料及护具的制备方法 |
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