CN103548771B - A kind of hatching m for hiding chicken kind egg - Google Patents
A kind of hatching m for hiding chicken kind egg Download PDFInfo
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- CN103548771B CN103548771B CN201310534919.4A CN201310534919A CN103548771B CN 103548771 B CN103548771 B CN 103548771B CN 201310534919 A CN201310534919 A CN 201310534919A CN 103548771 B CN103548771 B CN 103548771B
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- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical group O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003278 egg shell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 55
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010070551 Meat Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010029216 Nervousness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000020776 essential amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003797 essential amino acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013622 meat product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of hatching m for hiding chicken kind egg, comprise rule and the hatching step of pre-treatment step, incubation step, hatching before hatching, wherein incubation step carries out in hatch machine, and after hatch machine put into by Tibetan chicken kind egg, temperature is set as reducing gradually with brooding time in 40-36 DEG C of interval.Hatching m of the present invention by controlling effectively to improve the incubation rate hiding chicken kind egg to the condition of whole hatching process, thus is conducive to the development of hiding chicken industry.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of hatching m for hiding chicken kind egg, belonging to biology breeding field.
Background technology
Hiding chicken is live in pure free of contamination snow-coated plateau, the small and exquisite kind excellent meat egg dual-purpose type landrace flown of build, its meat protein content is high, be rich in whole essential amino acid, its content is very similar to the aminogram formula in egg, Ruzhong, is therefore that the protein source, particularly collagen content of high-quality are apparently higher than other fowl poultry kind meat product, nutritious structure is comprehensive, is the important supplement enriching vegetable basket project.
The Tibetan chicken of current China is mainly distributed in the south, mountain, Lhasa, Changdu etc. in Tibet and cloud, expensive, contiguous areas, river, and it is small, longer and short, well-balanced compact, and head height tail is low, in ship shape.Chest is flourishing, gives prominence to forward, and disposition is active, and be imbued with nervousness, aggressive is strong.Wing plumage and tail feathers prosperity, be good at circling in the air.The average weight of adult Tibetan chicken is cock 1145 grams, hen 860 grams.Its 180 age in days dressing percentage: half clean thorax, public 76.4%, female 74.6%; Complete clean thorax, public 71.4%, female 69.6%.Age at first laying 240 days, lays eggs 40 ~ 80 year, egg size 34 grams.Eggshell is brown or light brown.
At present, be also in hiding the cultivation of chicken the original backward aquaculture model that peasant household raises scattered, cause the amount of delivering for sale low, sick rate is high.Along with Tibet region extensively introduce in recent years in ground breeding broiler chicken, high-quality purebred Tibetan fowl raising quantity falls sharply, and hides chicken culturing area more and more less, this variety source is absorbed in endangered condition.
Due to the existence of the problems referred to above, the artificial breeding hatching m hiding chicken becomes one of focus hiding chicken research in recent years.Researcher has been had to attempt accelerating to hide with the artificial incubation technique of flat area poultry the hatching of chicken kind egg, but this type of research does not have the feature fully taking into account the environmental factors such as high altitude localities is dry, oxygen content is low, day and night temperature is large and hide chicken kind egg egg size less than normal to cause its incubation rate lower than 50%, does not meet hatching requirement.Existing method needs manual operation frequently usually simultaneously, cannot meet the needs of industrialization hatching.
Summary of the invention
For hiding the defect existed in breeding-egg hatching at present, the invention discloses a kind of hatching m for hiding chicken kind egg.Method of the present invention fully take into account hide chicken institute living area dry, the environmental factor such as oxygen content is low, day and night temperature is large, hide chicken kind egg egg size Biological characteristics less than normal, for all making specific aim process both this, thus improve the incubation rate hiding chicken kind egg.Meanwhile, method of the present invention has fully taken into account the commercial Application problem of hatching m, and whole hatching process completes by the mechanical work of standard.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of hatching m for hiding chicken kind egg, comprise rule and the hatching step of pre-treatment step, incubation step, hatching before hatching, wherein incubation step carries out in hatch machine, and after hatch machine put into by Tibetan chicken kind egg, temperature is set as reducing gradually with brooding time in 40-36 DEG C of interval.
Above-mentioned alleged reduction gradually refers to the carrying out along with incubation period, temperature gradually in linear or nonlinear reduction hatch machine, by studying the hatching at different temperatures of kind of egg, the following regulative mode of preferred employing: incubation step controls at 18-20 days, temperature control method be 1 ~ 5 day 38.1 DEG C, 6 ~ 12 days 37.9 DEG C, 13 ~ 17 days 37.8 DEG C, 18 ~ 19 days 37.7 DEG C, within 20 ~ 21 days, enter rule and hatching step, hatch machine temperature is adjusted to 37.3 DEG C.
Meanwhile, above-mentioned incubation step also comprises the step regulated air humidity in hatch machine, and in hatching process, air humidity controls between 50-70%.
Preferably, air humidity is adjusted to 1 ~ 7 day 60%, 8 ~ 18 days 50%, 19 ~ 21 days 65%.
In order to reject wind egg and dead smart egg, above-mentioned incubation step is also included in the mid-term of incubation step and carries out shining the step of egg latter stage to kind of egg.
In order to improve the success rate of hatching, above-mentioned incubation step is also included in the step providing oxygen latter stage in hatch machine of incubation step.
Similar with the hatching of other chicken, also should be taken into account the ventilation problem of hatch machine, to keep good environment of hatching.
In the method for the invention, before hatching pre-treatment step comprise hide chicken kind egg collection, screening, sterilization, preservation; With enter the sterilization before incubation step, preheating, wherein collection mode is collect the Tibetan chicken kind egg on the same day; Screening mode is select the Tibetan chicken kind egg meeting eggshell quality and color and luster requirement, and therefrom selects egg size: 38g ~ 45g, egg shape index: the Tibetan chicken kind egg of 1.30 ~ 1.35; Disinfection way is formaldehyde fumigation; Preserving type is be placed in the incubator tray of temperature 10 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, humidity 60% ~ 70% by hiding chicken kind egg according to large mode head-up; Enter the disinfection way before incubation step for using formaldehyde fumigation; Tibetan chicken kind egg, for regulating hatch machine temperature to 30-40 DEG C, is put into hatch machine and is carried out preheating by preheating method.
By the way, the kind egg of the most applicable hatching can be obtained, thus improve the success rate of hatching.
In above-mentioned steps, preferably, the temperature of preheating controls as hatching first 5 hours unlatching hatch machines, and temperature is set as 30 DEG C, and humidity set is 60%; Hatch front 2 and as a child temperature was set as 38.1 DEG C.
In the method for the invention, rule mode is that embryo egg is moved into young-generating machine from hatch machine to when 18 days by hatching; During hatching, the temperature of young-generating machine is 36.5 DEG C, and humidity is 70%.
In order to better ensure the success rate of hatching, after 1/3 chick goes out shell every cubic metre by formalin 20 milliliters ~ 30 milliliters warm water 40 milliliters, be placed in chick fumigation bottom hatching device, chick all go out shell and most of chick fine hair is dry time hatching immediately.
By above-mentioned improvement, method of the present invention decreases the behavior of sitting on eggs of hen under field conditions (factors), is conducive to the productivity improving hen; Applicant carried out the experiment repeatedly to repeat batch find method of the present invention make the incubation rate of fertile egg be stabilized in 75% and more than, achieve the kind protection of hiding chicken resource and the scientific development hiding chicken industry; Control to disease and purification are also conducive to the control of whole hatching process simultaneously.
Embodiment
One, the collection of chicken kind egg, screening, sterilization and preservation is hidden
1, collect: the egg process on the same day on the same day, collect 2 every day, the time is 17:00 and 19:00.
2, screen: the pollution egg first will removing lopsided egg, check, band blood or ight soil, then select suitable kind egg with following condition: 1. egg size is for 38g ~ 45g; 2. the egg shape index value of the ratio of minor axis (major axis of egg with) is 1.30 ~ 1.35; 3. eggshell quality: reject " husky shell egg " that density is inadequate, " sheetmetal egg " that eggshell is too thick; 4. eggshell color and luster is based on white, rare yellowish-brown, and the kind egg of other colors is rejected.
3, sterilize: the kind egg after screening carries out disinfection in time, adopt formaldehyde fumigation: there is 28 milliliters, formaldehyde in every cubic metre of space, 14 grams, potassium permanganate, and disinfecting time is 20 minutes.
4, preserve: the kind egg after sterilization is large head-up, piles up in incubator tray, delivers to kind of an egg room and preserve.Holding time is generally no more than 7 days, storage temperature 10 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, preserves humidity 60% ~ 70%, the timing ventilation ventilation when preserving.
Two, prepare before hatching:
1, sterilize: first 6 hours of hatching kind of egg moved to the hatching house's preheating under normal temperature environment, before formal hatching, by the method for formaldehyde fumigation, again once sterilizing is carried out to hatch machine and kind egg.
2, preheating: at hatching first 5 hours unlatching hatch machines, temperature is set as 30 DEG C, and humidity set is 60%.After temperature reaches 30 DEG C, kind of an egg is put into hatch machine, temperature was as a child set as 38.1 DEG C by 2.
Three, hatch, 100 the satisfactory kind of eggs taking out above-mentioned steps gained are hatched:
1, temperature controls: hatch machine temperature be set as 1 ~ 5 day 38.1 DEG C, 6 ~ 12 days 37.9 DEG C, 13 ~ 17 days 37.8 DEG C, 18 ~ 19 days 37.7 DEG C, within 20 ~ 21 days, temperature requirement is 37.3 DEG C for the hatching stage.
2, humid control: hatch machine humidity set is 1 ~ 7 day 60%, 8 ~ 18 days 50%, 19 ~ 21 days 65%.
3, the ventilation in hatching process is set as 1.5 hours interval times of taking a breath, ventilation duration 25 seconds.
4, photograph egg is carried out the 6th day and the 17th day, to reject wind egg and dead smart egg.
5, the 16th day time with oxygenerator to oxygen in hatch machine.
Four, rule and hatching
1, rule: when hatching was by 18 days, embryo egg is moved into young-generating machine from hatch machine.When moving dish, improve the room temperature of hatching house, embryo egg is touched brokenly in minimizing as far as possible.The superiors' chick box silk screen covers, in case chick scurries out during hatching.
2, hatching: the temperature of young-generating machine is 36.5 DEG C, and humidity is 70%.The peak of chicken hatching at 20 days+10 hours, after 1/3 chick goes out shell every cubic metre by formalin 20 milliliters ~ 30 milliliters warm water 40 milliliters, be placed in bottom hatching device, make it naturally volatilize to chick fumigation.Hatching immediately when chick all goes out shell and has the chick fine hair of 95% dry.
By above-mentioned hatching process, the Tibetan chicken 86 that final hatching has existence good, has good incubation rate, meets the requirement of hiding chicken and breeding.
Claims (4)
1. one kind for hiding the hatching m of chicken kind egg, it is characterized in that comprising pre-treatment step before hatching, incubation step, the rule of hatching and hatching step, wherein incubation step carries out in hatch machine, and after hatch machine put into by Tibetan chicken kind egg, temperature is set as reducing gradually with brooding time in 40-36 DEG C of interval; Wherein, incubation step controls at 18-20 days, temperature control method be 1 ~ 5 day 38.1 DEG C, 6 ~ 12 days 37.9 DEG C, 13 ~ 17 days 37.8 DEG C, 18 ~ 19 days 37.7 DEG C, within 20 ~ 21 days, enter rule and hatching, hatch machine temperature is adjusted to 37.3 DEG C; Rule mode is that embryo egg is moved into young-generating machine from hatch machine to when 18 days by hatching; During hatching, the temperature of young-generating machine is 36.5 DEG C, and humidity is 70%; Carrying out adjustment to air humidity in hatch machine makes air humidity in hatching process control between 50-70%, wherein 1 ~ 7 day 60%, 8 ~ 18 days 50%, 19 ~ 21 days 65%; In mid-term of incubation step and latter stage, photograph egg is carried out to kind of egg; In hatch machine, oxygen is provided in the latter stage of incubation step.
2. hatching m according to claim 1, it is characterized in that hatching front pre-treatment step comprise hide chicken kind egg collection, screening, sterilization, preservation; With enter the sterilization before incubation step, preheating, wherein collection mode is collect the Tibetan chicken kind egg on the same day; Screening mode is select the Tibetan chicken kind egg meeting eggshell quality and color and luster requirement, and therefrom selects egg size: 38g ~ 45g, egg shape index: the Tibetan chicken kind egg of 1.30 ~ 1.35; Disinfection way is formaldehyde fumigation; Preserving type is be placed in the incubator tray of temperature 10 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, humidity 60% ~ 70% by hiding chicken kind egg according to large mode head-up; Enter the disinfection way before incubation step for using formaldehyde fumigation; Tibetan chicken kind egg, for regulating hatch machine temperature to 30-40 DEG C, is put into hatch machine and is carried out preheating by preheating method.
3. hatching m according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the temperature of preheating controls as hatching first 5 hours unlatching hatch machines, temperature is set as 30 DEG C, and humidity set is 60%; Hatch front 2 and as a child temperature was set as 38.1 DEG C.
4. hatching m according to claim 3, to it is characterized in that after 1/3 chick goes out shell every cubic metre by formalin 20 milliliters ~ 30 milliliters warm water 40 milliliters, be placed in chick fumigation bottom hatching device, chick all go out shell and most of chick fine hair is dry time hatching immediately.
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| CN201310534919.4A CN103548771B (en) | 2013-11-01 | 2013-11-01 | A kind of hatching m for hiding chicken kind egg |
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| CN201310534919.4A CN103548771B (en) | 2013-11-01 | 2013-11-01 | A kind of hatching m for hiding chicken kind egg |
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| CN104170791B (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2016-06-15 | 吉林卓越生物技术有限公司 | The production technology of SPF chicken |
| CN104798726A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-07-29 | 淮南市兴杨食品有限公司 | Method for hatching baby chick under variable temperature within 21 days |
| CN104982377A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-10-21 | 蚌埠市宏博生态牧业有限公司 | Technical method for high-density breeding of white egg-type chickens |
| CN105028318B (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2018-08-24 | 西宁山雨种养殖有限责任公司 | Tibetan Snow Cock artificial breeding method under high altitude environment |
| CN106106256A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-11-16 | 蚌埠市佳爱电子有限公司 | A kind goose egg machine hatch method |
| CN106259160A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-01-04 | 蚌埠市佳爱电子有限公司 | A kind Ovum Anas domestica machine hatch method |
| CN106172224A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-07 | 蚌埠市佳爱电子有限公司 | A kind of Gallus Domesticus hatching egg machine hatch method |
| CN107593584B (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2021-01-15 | 樱源有限公司 | Repairing and incubating technology for shell-breaking hatching eggs |
| CN110915754A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-03-27 | 宿州市新联禽业有限责任公司 | Hatching method of white feather broiler hatching eggs |
| CN111345265B (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2022-01-04 | 北京德青源农业科技股份有限公司 | Method for improving hatching rate and chick viability of Tibetan chickens in high altitude areas |
| CN114027260A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-02-11 | 江门思玛特食品有限公司 | Hatching egg hatching method for small white feather broilers |
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