CN103547268B - 实体瘤的治疗 - Google Patents
实体瘤的治疗 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103547268B CN103547268B CN201280024388.8A CN201280024388A CN103547268B CN 103547268 B CN103547268 B CN 103547268B CN 201280024388 A CN201280024388 A CN 201280024388A CN 103547268 B CN103547268 B CN 103547268B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- autophagy
- application
- cancer
- mcs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229940075525 iron chelating agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000797 iron chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 11
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine Substances NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000009030 Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- JRLTTZUODKEYDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylquinoline Chemical group C1=CN=C2C(C)=CC=CC2=C1 JRLTTZUODKEYDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000029742 colonic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 40
- 230000004900 autophagic degradation Effects 0.000 abstract description 33
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 abstract description 14
- WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-AWEZNQCLSA-N (S)-chloroquine Chemical group ClC1=CC=C2C(N[C@@H](C)CCCN(CC)CC)=CC=NC2=C1 WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-AWEZNQCLSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229960003677 chloroquine Drugs 0.000 abstract description 11
- WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroquine Natural products ClC1=CC=C2C(NC(C)CCCN(CC)CC)=CC=NC2=C1 WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- OEUUFNIKLCFNLN-LLVKDONJSA-N chembl432481 Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@]1(C)CSC(C=2C(=CC(O)=CC=2)O)=N1 OEUUFNIKLCFNLN-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 4
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 121
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 41
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 37
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 25
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 24
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 18
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 17
- 108010065917 TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases Proteins 0.000 description 16
- 102000013530 TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases Human genes 0.000 description 16
- 239000012822 autophagy inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000030833 cell death Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 16
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 13
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 11
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 11
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 102100035656 BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 101000803294 Homo sapiens BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- WVWOOAYQYLJEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)-3-piperidin-1-ylpropan-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C([N+]([O-])=O)N1CC(O)CN1CCCCC1 WVWOOAYQYLJEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 229950010456 pimonidazole Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 102100025064 Cellular tumor antigen p53 Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 239000013553 cell monolayer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 7
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 7
- GZCWLCBFPRFLKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-prop-2-ynoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COCC#C GZCWLCBFPRFLKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MBRHNTMUYWQHMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoethanol;6-cyclohexyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylpyridin-2-one Chemical compound NCCO.ON1C(=O)C=C(C)C=C1C1CCCCC1 MBRHNTMUYWQHMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 102000013563 Acid Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010051457 Acid Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 108020004459 Small interfering RNA Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 210000004957 autophagosome Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229960004375 ciclopirox olamine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 210000003470 mitochondria Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000004264 monolayer culture Methods 0.000 description 6
- 206010002660 Anoxia Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 241000976983 Anoxia Species 0.000 description 5
- UBQYURCVBFRUQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-benzoyl-Ferrioxamine B Chemical compound CC(=O)N(O)CCCCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)N(O)CCCCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)N(O)CCCCCN UBQYURCVBFRUQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007953 anoxia Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229950006418 dactolisib Drugs 0.000 description 5
- JOGKUKXHTYWRGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dactolisib Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C2=CN=C3C=CC(C=4C=C5C=CC=CC5=NC=4)=CC3=C2N1C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C#N)C=C1 JOGKUKXHTYWRGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229960000958 deferoxamine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 5
- QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-HPLJOQBZSA-N sirolimus Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](O)[C@H](OC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCCN2C(=O)C(=O)[C@](O)(O2)[C@H](C)CC[C@H]2C[C@H](OC)/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](OC)[C@H](O)/C(C)=C/[C@@H](C)C(=O)C1 QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-HPLJOQBZSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000037351 starvation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 102100028188 Cystatin-F Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 101710169749 Cystatin-F Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229960001489 deferasirox Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZAHRKKWIAAJSAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N rapamycin Natural products COCC(O)C(=C/C(C)C(=O)CC(OC(=O)C1CCCCN1C(=O)C(=O)C2(O)OC(CC(OC)C(=CC=CC=CC(C)CC(C)C(=O)C)C)CCC2C)C(C)CC3CCC(O)C(C3)OC)C ZAHRKKWIAAJSAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960002930 sirolimus Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000001262 western blot Methods 0.000 description 4
- QPOUCHIQTFZFLC-JNKAUUNZSA-N 1-[(3s,8r,9s,10s,13s,14s,17s)-17-(dimethylamino)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]-3-[2-phenyl-1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethyl]urea Chemical compound N([C@@H]1CC2CC[C@H]3[C@@H]4CC[C@@H]([C@]4(CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2(C)CC1)C)N(C)C)C(=O)NC(C=1SC=CN=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 QPOUCHIQTFZFLC-JNKAUUNZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZPBYVFQJHWLTFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-7H-purin-6-imine Chemical compound CN1C=NC(=N)C2=C1NC=N2 ZPBYVFQJHWLTFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FSASIHFSFGAIJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3MeA Natural products CN1C=NC(N)=C2N=CN=C12 FSASIHFSFGAIJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 3
- 102100033421 Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- BOFQWVMAQOTZIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N deferasirox Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1N1C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)O)=NC(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)O)=N1 BOFQWVMAQOTZIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010195 expression analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 3
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006609 metabolic stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002438 mitochondrial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000011275 oncology therapy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 3
- QUTFFEUUGHUPQC-ILWYWAAHSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-[(4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-7-yl)amino]hexanal Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](C=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=NON=C12 QUTFFEUUGHUPQC-ILWYWAAHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Natural products CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IUCNQFHEWLYECJ-FNAJZLPOSA-L Atractyloside Chemical compound [K+].[K+].O1[C@H](CO)[C@@H](OS([O-])(=O)=O)[C@H](OS([O-])(=O)=O)[C@@H](OC(=O)CC(C)C)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@@H](C(=C)[C@@H]4O)C[C@]34CC[C@@H]2[C@H](C(O)=O)C1 IUCNQFHEWLYECJ-FNAJZLPOSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QVZCXCJXTMIDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Biopropazepan Trimethoxybenzoate Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(C(=O)OCCCN2CCN(CCCOC(=O)C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=C(OC)C=3)CCC2)=C1 QVZCXCJXTMIDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100325855 Caenorhabditis elegans bec-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- UGTJLJZQQFGTJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonylcyanide-3-chlorophenylhydrazone Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(NN=C(C#N)C#N)=C1 UGTJLJZQQFGTJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101000912753 Homo sapiens DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012823 PI3K/mTOR inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108091000080 Phosphotransferase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100034836 Proliferation marker protein Ki-67 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102000000505 Ribonucleotide Reductases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010041388 Ribonucleotide Reductases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000011579 SCID mouse model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101100114859 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) crk1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- XMYKNCNAZKMVQN-NYYWCZLTSA-N [(e)-(3-aminopyridin-2-yl)methylideneamino]thiourea Chemical compound NC(=S)N\N=C\C1=NC=CC=C1N XMYKNCNAZKMVQN-NYYWCZLTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N adenosine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N all-trans-retinoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000033115 angiogenesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001028 anti-proliverative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYQXODZRNSCOTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N atractyloside Natural products O1C(CO)C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OC(=O)CC(C)C)C1OC1CC2(C)C3CCC(C(=C)C4O)CC34CCC2C(C(O)=O)C1 FYQXODZRNSCOTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003833 cell viability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006706 cellular oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960001079 dilazep Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006377 glucose transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003712 lysosome Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001868 lysosomic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000020233 phosphotransferase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- MTAWKURMWOXCEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N taspine Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=C(CCN(C)C)C=C(OC)C3=C2C2=C1C(OC)=CC=C2C(=O)O3 MTAWKURMWOXCEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229960005526 triapine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000004614 tumor growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- WZUVPPKBWHMQCE-XJKSGUPXSA-N (+)-haematoxylin Chemical compound C12=CC(O)=C(O)C=C2C[C@]2(O)[C@H]1C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1OC2 WZUVPPKBWHMQCE-XJKSGUPXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 *Cc1nc(*)ccc1 Chemical compound *Cc1nc(*)ccc1 0.000 description 1
- 101100517196 Arabidopsis thaliana NRPE1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150096149 BNIP3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100190825 Bos taurus PMEL gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002126 C01EB10 - Adenosine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000040710 Chela Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100026735 Coagulation factor VIII Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100026139 DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000006820 DNA synthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 101100372758 Danio rerio vegfaa gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108700041152 Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000206602 Eukaryota Species 0.000 description 1
- TZXKOCQBRNJULO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferriprox Chemical compound CC1=C(O)C(=O)C=CN1C TZXKOCQBRNJULO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010190 G1 phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010053759 Growth retardation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101150112743 HSPA5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WZUVPPKBWHMQCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Haematoxylin Natural products C12=CC(O)=C(O)C=C2CC2(O)C1C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1OC2 WZUVPPKBWHMQCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100032742 Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000911390 Homo sapiens Coagulation factor VIII Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000654725 Homo sapiens Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000945496 Homo sapiens Proliferation marker protein Ki-67 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010066327 Keratin-18 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010020437 Ki-67 Antigen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019687 Lamb Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 101150033052 MAS5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000002720 Malnutrition Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010035196 Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000008135 Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000009664 Microtubule-Associated Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010020004 Microtubule-Associated Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001529936 Murinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100073341 Oryza sativa subsp. japonica KAO gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012828 PI3K inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 102000003992 Peroxidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920009405 Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) Film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102100035548 Protein Bop Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050008794 Protein Bop Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000001253 Protein Kinase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229910019020 PtO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-M Pyruvate Chemical compound CC(=O)C([O-])=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108091028664 Ribonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100344462 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) YDJ1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010078814 Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000848 Ubiquitin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000044159 Ubiquitin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000005789 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010019530 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150030763 Vegfa gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-WWYNWVTFSA-N Vinblastine Natural products O=C(O[C@H]1[C@](O)(C(=O)OC)[C@@H]2N(C)c3c(cc(c(OC)c3)[C@]3(C(=O)OC)c4[nH]c5c(c4CCN4C[C@](O)(CC)C[C@H](C3)C4)cccc5)[C@@]32[C@H]2[C@@]1(CC)C=CCN2CC3)C JXLYSJRDGCGARV-WWYNWVTFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- YKIOKAURTKXMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N adams's catalyst Chemical compound O=[Pt]=O YKIOKAURTKXMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005305 adenosine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002424 anti-apoptotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000843 anti-fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001857 anti-mycotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011319 anticancer therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002543 antimycotic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940041181 antineoplastic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003782 apoptosis assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008365 aqueous carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072107 ascorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004929 autophagosome-lysosome fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930192649 bafilomycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- XDHNQDDQEHDUTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bafliomycin A1 Natural products COC1C=CC=C(C)CC(C)C(O)C(C)C=C(C)C=C(OC)C(=O)OC1C(C)C(O)C(C)C1(O)OC(C(C)C)C(C)C(O)C1 XDHNQDDQEHDUTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940098773 bovine serum albumin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 carbonyl cyanogen Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018486 cell cycle phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006285 cell suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000019522 cellular metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036755 cellular response Effects 0.000 description 1
- DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L cisplatin Chemical compound N[Pt](N)(Cl)Cl DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960004316 cisplatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010367 cloning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001086 cytosolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- FMSOAWSKCWYLBB-VBGLAJCLSA-N deferasirox Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1N(N\C(N\1)=C\2C(C=CC=C/2)=O)C/1=C\1C(=O)C=CC=C/1 FMSOAWSKCWYLBB-VBGLAJCLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003266 deferiprone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005547 deoxyribonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002637 deoxyribonucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009509 drug development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037149 energy metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002950 fibroblast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000684 flow cytometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycolonitrile Natural products N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000001 growth retardation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 201000010536 head and neck cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014829 head and neck neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960004171 hydroxychloroquine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XXSMGPRMXLTPCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxychloroquine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C2C(NC(C)CCCN(CCO)CC)=CC=NC2=C1 XXSMGPRMXLTPCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007954 hypoxia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001146 hypoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001900 immune effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009169 immunotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N irinotecan Chemical compound C1=C2C(CC)=C3CN(C(C4=C([C@@](C(=O)OC4)(O)CC)C=4)=O)C=4C3=NC2=CC=C1OC(=O)N(CC1)CCC1N1CCCCC1 UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004768 irinotecan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002132 lysosomal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002080 lysosomotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124302 mTOR inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003628 mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- CAZYNLSCRWNLPJ-IXHWBTLXSA-N methyl 13-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaurenoate Chemical compound C1CC(C2)(O)C(=C)C(=O)C32CC[C@@H]2C(C(=O)OC)(C)CCCC2(C)[C@@H]31 CAZYNLSCRWNLPJ-IXHWBTLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010208 microarray analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008965 mitochondrial swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011278 mitosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003068 molecular probe Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017074 necrotic cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001338 necrotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018343 nutrient deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003463 organelle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010627 oxidative phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108700025694 p53 Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108040007629 peroxidase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000001095 phosphatidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940043441 phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108060006184 phycobiliprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011533 pre-incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005522 programmed cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002062 proliferating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108060006633 protein kinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000017854 proteolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002336 ribonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002652 ribonucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940080817 rotenone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N rotenone Natural products O1C2=C3CC(C(C)=C)OC3=CC=C2C(=O)C2C1COC1=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150005492 rpe1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005556 structure-activity relationship Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003934 vacuole Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003048 vinblastine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincaleukoblastine Chemical compound C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- QDLHCMPXEPAAMD-QAIWCSMKSA-N wortmannin Chemical compound C1([C@]2(C)C3=C(C4=O)OC=C3C(=O)O[C@@H]2COC)=C4[C@@H]2CCC(=O)[C@@]2(C)C[C@H]1OC(C)=O QDLHCMPXEPAAMD-QAIWCSMKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDLHCMPXEPAAMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N wortmannin Natural products COCC1OC(=O)C2=COC(C3=O)=C2C1(C)C1=C3C2CCC(=O)C2(C)CC1OC(C)=O QDLHCMPXEPAAMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/53—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with three nitrogens as the only ring hetero atoms, e.g. chlorazanil, melamine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/365—Lactones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4196—1,2,4-Triazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4412—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4422—1,4-Dihydropyridines, e.g. nifedipine, nicardipine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/4706—4-Aminoquinolines; 8-Aminoquinolines, e.g. chloroquine, primaquine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
细胞穿透性铁螯合剂可任选地与自噬抑制剂联用以治疗人内实体瘤。优选的螯合剂是烷基取代的N‑(1‑吡啶‑2‑基‑亚甲基)‑N‑(9H‑1,3,4,9‑四氮杂‑芴‑2‑基)‑肼。优选的自噬抑制剂是氯喹。还公开了包含铁螯合剂、药学上可接受的运载体以及可任选自噬抑制剂的药物组合物;和通过给予抗癌有效量的所述铁螯合剂或铁螯合剂与自噬抑制剂的组合来治疗癌症的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及实体瘤的治疗,具体是癌症患者内播散性实体瘤的治疗,并且涉及所述治疗的方法。
发明背景
需要为患播散性癌症的患者开发新型且有效的抗癌药物。用于实体瘤的药物开发与归因于3-D肿瘤组织中复杂生物物理和代谢情况的特定问题相关联,所述3-D肿瘤组织可能难以在实验性体外系统中模拟。已知缺氧和营养物的有限扩散导致静息和对传统抗癌剂及放射治疗的抗性。此外,抗癌药物必需能够穿透进入肿瘤实质,以有毒浓度接触癌细胞。一些临床应用于治疗实体瘤的药物显示进入3-D肿瘤块的穿透性较差,这也许是其功效受限的原因之一(1)。多细胞球体(MCS)模拟人实体瘤优于2-D单层培养物(2-4),而许多临床上使用的药物显示对于生长成MCS的癌细胞功效有限(5、6)。因此,MCS比单层培养物更适合筛选对实体瘤有活性的药物。
细胞死亡通常再细分为三种细胞死亡类型:凋亡(I型)、自噬性细胞死亡(II型)和坏死(III型)。凋亡由胱冬酶活化介导。自噬是一种用于长寿细胞蛋白和受损细胞器降解的进化上保守机制。自噬的主要特征是自噬体的形成。自噬体的形成需要III类磷脂酰基醇-3激酶的活化,并且还依赖两个泛素样缀合系统(Atg-Atg12和Atg8)(7)。自噬在营养缺失情况中保护细胞,而当自噬受到抑制时细胞经历凋亡(8-10)。在胱冬酶抑制状况下的细胞死亡过程中也观察到自噬的形态学特征(11)。
发明内容
本发明公开了细胞穿透性铁螯合剂可任选地联合自噬抑制剂用于治疗人内实体癌症肿瘤。
本发明公开了N-(1-吡啶-2-基-亚甲基)-N-(9H-1,3,4,9-四氮杂-芴-2-基)-肼(通式I)或其药学上可接受的盐在治疗癌症患者内的实体瘤中的应用,其中,R是H或甲基,R1是H或C1-C4烷基,R2是H或C1-C4烷基。
在该申请中,通式I的化合物意在包括其任何药学上合适的盐或复合物或前药。
特别优选R为甲基。优选R、R1都是甲基。
优选R1是甲基,特别是6-甲基或8-甲基。
在本发明的优选化合物中,N-(1-吡啶-2-基-亚甲基)-N-(9H-1,3,4,9-四氮杂-芴-2-基)-肼被如下取代:
根据本发明的优选方面,R1为C1-C4烷基的通式I化合物可在未经R1取代的所述四氮杂芴基部分的位置6、7或8之一另被C1-C4烷基取代。本发明的优选方面公开了含有本发明化合物和药物运载体的药物组合物。本发明的药物组合物可通过任何合适的途径(例如经口或胃肠外)给予。合适的运载体包含二甲亚砜和水性介质,例如包含二甲亚砜和水的混合物。优选的流体运载体是能够溶解本发明化合物的那些。其它优选的流体运载体尤其是水性运载体,是包含良好分散形式(例如尺寸为10μm或更小的微粒形式)的本发明化合物的那些。
本发明的另一个优选方面公开了一种治疗人内实体癌的方法,所述方法包括给予此人药理学上有效剂量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。所述药理学上有效剂量优选由本发明药物组合物包含着给予。
本发明的化合物是细胞穿透性铁螯合剂。尽管不希望受理论约束,本发明人相信本发明化合物的抗癌作用是基于其铁螯合性质。
根据本发明的特定优选方面,铁螯合剂(例如本发明化合物)的抗肿瘤功效由自噬抑制剂增强。优选的自噬抑制剂是氯喹。就该方面而言,公开了自噬抑制剂和细胞穿透性铁螯合剂联合治疗实体瘤的应用。所述“联合”应理解为以紧密时间关系例如在同一时间或在至多一天和甚至一周的期间内给予所述自噬抑制剂和所述细胞穿透性铁螯合剂。所述自噬抑制剂和所述细胞穿透性铁螯合剂可以包含其的药物组合物形式或以分开的药物组合物形式给予。若以药物组合物形式给予,所述组合包含药学上可接受的运载体。
在用于治疗受癌症影响的人内实体瘤的所述自噬抑制剂和所述细胞穿透性铁螯合剂组合中,所述细胞穿透性铁螯合剂优选选自通式I的N-(1-吡啶-2-基-亚甲基)-N-(9H-1,3,4,9-四氮杂-芴-2-基)-肼或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R是H或甲基,且R1是H或C1-C4烷基。特别优选R为甲基。优选R、R1都是甲基。特别优选R1是6-甲基或8-甲基。
用于所述组合的本发明优选铁螯合化合物包含通式I的N-(1-吡啶-2-基-亚甲基)-N-(9H-1,3,4,9-四氮杂-芴-2-基)-肼,其中
与本发明所述自噬抑制剂联用的其它铁螯合化合物包括去铁胺、去铁酮和地拉罗司(deferasirox)。
在所述自噬抑制剂和所述细胞穿透性铁螯合剂的组合中,优选所述自噬抑制剂选自氯喹。其它优选的自噬抑制剂包括羟氯喹、3-甲基腺嘌呤、腺苷、巴佛洛霉素A1、5-氨基-4-咪唑甲酰胺核苷、渥曼青霉素和长春碱。
用于本发明应用的其它自噬抑制剂是WO2011/011522A2中公开的具有通式II的那些,所述专利通过引用纳入本文。
本发明还公开了一种治疗受癌症影响的人内实体瘤的方法,所述方法包括以紧密时间关系如在同一时间或在一天或一周内给予此人药理学上有效剂量的自噬抑制剂和本发明细胞穿透性铁螯合剂组合。可通过任何合适途径给予,例如胃肠外或经口地,以分开的药物组合形式,一种药物组合包含所述自噬抑制剂和药学上可接受的运载体(例如,二甲亚砜),或者在同时给予时采用单一药物组合形式,所述药物组合包含药学上可接受的运载体(例如,二甲亚砜)。
本发明的另一个优选方面公开了一种治疗人内实体癌的方法,所述方法包括同时或以紧密时间关系(例如一小时或一天或一周内)联合给予此人药理学上有效剂量的自噬抑制剂和细胞穿透性铁螯合剂。优选以上述一种或多种药物组合物形式且通过胃肠外或经口或其它合适的途径给予。
接下来通过引用多种优选实施方式更详细描述本发明,所述实施方式由含有多个图像的图说明。
附图简要说明
图1描述CB21对FaDu头颈癌异种移植物的体内活性。采用mg/kg的CB21处理荷载FaDu肿瘤的SCID小鼠并计算肿瘤体积。
图2a-2h描述N-(1-吡啶-2-基-亚甲基)-N-(9H-1,3,4,9-四氮杂-8-甲基-芴-2-基)-肼(下文中称作“CB21”)对HCT116MCS的细胞毒性和该细胞毒性效应的治疗窗口。图2a:采用CB21处理的MCS的形态学和胱冬酶-3诱导。采用6μM CB21处理HCT116MCS6小时,然后换为无药物培养基并进一步孵育。对MCS切片并针对胱冬酶-3染色。图2b:采用所示化合物处理的细胞的成克隆结果。图2c:单层HCT116细胞在CB21存在或缺失下的增殖。细胞以7,000个细胞/孔在96孔板内接种,并用3、6和12.5μM CB21处理。图2d:在6μM CB21EdU添加后24小时EdU(5-乙炔基-2′-脱氧尿苷)向单层HCT116细胞中的掺入。细胞用EdU孵育30分钟,固定并通过ArrayScan分析。
图2e:该实验中EdU信号的定量示于图2d。图2f:单层hTERTRPE1细胞在CB21存在或缺失下的增殖。细胞以7,000个细胞/孔在96孔板内接种,并用3、6和12.5μMCB21处理。图2g:CB21并不影响融合hTERTRPE1细胞的活力。细胞以7,000或70,000个/孔在CB21存在或缺失下接种于96孔板内。图2h:HCT116和hTERTRPE1细胞在暴露至6μM CB21之后的形态学。
图3a-3e描述CB21是有力的铁螯合剂。图3a:根据联系图(Camp)数据库所得的分数。图3b和3b’:在氯化铁存在或缺失下采用6μM CB21处理的细胞的活力。图3b:HCT116细胞;图3b’:HCT116p53-/-细胞。图3c:采用不同铁螯合剂处理的HCT116细胞的活力。
图3d:采用CB21相关结构的7种化合物处理的HCT116细胞的活力。图3e:CB21在一系列相关化合物中对减少MCS活力最为有效。
图4a-4f描述通过CB21和其它铁螯合剂的自噬诱导。
图4a:暴露于6μM CB216小时并在无药物培养基中再暴露42小时或90小时的单层HCT116细胞的形态学。
图4b:用针对LC3的抗体对经CB21处理的细胞染色。图4c:CB21对单层和MCSHCT116中LC3-I和LC3-II蛋白的诱导。处理细胞6小时(6μM),然后进一步孵育。提取蛋白质并用Western印迹分析。
图4d:CB21对单层和MCS hTERTRPE1细胞中LC3-I和LC3-II蛋白的诱导。图4e:不同铁螯合剂对LC3-1和LC3-II的诱导。
细胞用VLX50(50μM);地拉罗司(60μM)、去铁胺(200μM)、环吡酮胺(15μM)、CB21(5μM)、雷帕霉素(0.1μM)、NVP-BEZ235(0.2μM)处理。图4f:通过电子显微镜观察外周和中心细胞的形态学。MCS采用6μM C21处理6小时,并在无药物培养基中进一步孵育所示时间,然后切片。在CB21处理24小时时观察到出现线粒体肿胀。
图5a-5f描述抑制CB21诱导的自噬增加CB21细胞毒性。
图5a:HCT116单层细胞采用6μM CB21和/或10μM3-MA处理,并在48小时后测定细胞活力。
图5b:HCT116单层细胞使用针对Beclin/Atg6的siRNA或对照siRNA转染。24小时后,细胞采用所示6μM CB21处理。
图5c:巴佛洛霉素A(10μM)抑制经CB21处理的细胞中LC3阳性囊泡的形成。在所示时间药物处理后对细胞进行固定和就LC3染色。
图5d:巴佛洛霉素A增加CB21的细胞毒性。细胞采用6μM CB21和/或10μM巴佛洛霉素A处理,并在所示时间对细胞拍照。
图5e:氯喹增加CB21在单层培养物中的细胞毒性。HCT116细胞采用6μMCB21和/或10μM氯喹处理。通过计算培养物融合来监控细胞增殖。
图5f:氯喹增加CB21在MCS培养物中的细胞毒性。使用酸性磷酸酶测试测定细胞活力。注意到,在不含活细胞的HCT116MCS培养物中观察到背景水平的酸性磷酸酶活性(通常约30%),这可能归因于酶捕获(enzyme trapping)。
图6a-6e描述Cb21诱导p53和缺氧应答。
图6a:通过Affymetrix微阵列分析由CB21诱导的基因表达概况,并且显示与缺氧、p53网络和有丝分裂相关的基因表现。
图6b:通过western印迹分析p53和HIF-1a。HCT116细胞采用6μM CB21处理所示时间。
图6c:CB21对HIF-1a-启动子驱动GFP报告子的诱导。图6d:CB21对HCT116和hTERT-RPE1细胞中BNIP3的诱导。图6e:敲减BNIP3并不影响CB21诱导的细胞死亡。HCT116细胞采用针对BNIP3的siRNA或对照siRNA转染,并在24小时后用6.25μM CB21处理。48小时后使用酸性磷酸酶检测测定活力。
图7a-7d描述CB21减少呼吸作用并抑制mTOR。
图7a:对葡萄糖转运的影响。
图7b:CB21减少氧消耗。
图7c:CB21减少HCT116MCS中的缺氧。按指示处理HCT116MCS并处理以供哌莫硝唑免疫组化。注意到,CB21减少哌莫硝唑加合物的阳性染色区域(<1Omm Hg 02)。
图7d:CB21抑制4EBP1的磷酸化。HCT116细胞采用CB21处理所示时间,处理蛋白质提取物以供western印迹。应观察到4EBP1磷酸化的减少和AKT磷酸化的诱导。
图8a-8c描述CB21细胞毒性通过葡萄糖饥饿而增强。
图8a:在葡萄糖存在或缺失下孵育24小时后的HCT116MCS的形态学。
图8b:HCT116单层细胞采用含葡萄糖或无葡萄糖的培养基中不同浓度的CB21处理。使用M30CytoDeath ELISA测定经胱冬酶切割K18的水平。
图8c:如图8b处理HCT116单层细胞。使用酸性磷酸酶检测测定活力。
具体实施方式
材料和方法
本发明的化合物获自化合物文库。其可按照文献(例如WO02/089809)所述方法,或通过其非发明性修改来制备。使所述化合物溶解于DMSO。细胞培养物中达到0.5%DMSO的终浓度。
细胞培养、MCS生成和筛选。HCT116结肠癌细胞维持于37℃5%CO2下的McCoy′ s5A改良培养基/10%胎牛血清。使用我们先前所述方法(12)的改进形式制备MCS。向聚-HEMA包被的96孔板的各孔添加含10,000个细胞(200μl)的细胞悬液。然后通过另添加170μl培养基过量装灌所述孔以获得凸表面弯曲。在各板的角上置放塑料土隔片(3mm)以防止液体接触培养基。然后,倒置所述板以使细胞沉积在液/气界面,并温和振荡孵育。孵育24小时后,使所述板归为正常。首先通过抽吸移出过量培养基,然后移出塑料土隔片。所述板在药物处理前孵育4天。药物处理24小时后,向所述培养基添加NP40至0.1%的浓度以从MCS提取经胱冬酶切割的K18并包括从死亡细胞释放到培养基的物质。采用25mL培养基/提取物,使用M30CytoDeath ELISA检测( ELISA(13)的变体,经开发以供体外应用(瑞典布罗马的Peviva公司(Peviva AB))测定经胱冬酶切割的角蛋白-18(K18-Asp396)。
通过由Friedrich等所述的酸性磷酸酶(APH)法(14)进行活力检测。减去背景活性。hTERT-RPE1细胞获自加利福尼亚州山景城的克隆泰克实验室公司(ClontechLaboratories)。
hTERT-RPE1是永生化的人视网膜上皮细胞系,该细胞系稳定表达人端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)。
DNA合成评价使用荧光显微镜ArrayScan V HCS系统(美国宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的赛默飞世尔公司(Cellomics Inc.))测定EdU掺入。在添加测试化合物之前,将HCT116细胞接种于96-孔板中(美国麻萨诸塞州韦尔斯利的珀金埃尔默公司(PerkinElmer Inc.))并放置以贴壁过夜。细胞采用CB21或采用载剂对照处理24小时。细胞使用Click-iT EdU HCS检测(C10354,美国俄勒冈州的英杰分子探针公司(Invitrogen,Molecular Probes Inc))根据生产商的说明染色。将经处理的板置放于ArrayScan内并分析。使用合适的滤镜以10×物镜获得各荧光通道的图像,并分析各孔中至少1000个细胞。测量BdU通道中的平均总强度。结果以各采用双重孔进行的两个独立实验的平均值显示,并显示为平均值±标准偏差(SD)。
免疫学实验.通过悬滴法在96孔板中生成的MCS于多聚甲醛内固定,脱水,石蜡包埋并切片。各样品包含32个MCS(使来自各96孔板的MCS聚为3组)。所述切片经二甲苯脱石蜡,再水化并微波处理,然后用稀释于1%(重量/体积)牛血清白蛋白的单克隆一抗孵育过夜,然后通过标准抗生物素蛋白-生物素-过氧化酶复合物技术(美国加利福尼亚州柏林格姆的载体实验室公司(Vector Laboratories))观察。采用Mayer’s苏木素进行复染。抗体MIB-1(针对核增殖相关抗原Ki67)获自法国马赛的免疫泰克股份公司(Immunotech SA),并以1∶150稀释使用;针对活性胱冬酶-3的抗体获自法敏进公司(Pharmingen)并以1∶50稀释使用。
Western印迹.细胞提取蛋白质通过Tris-乙酸PAGE胶(加利福尼亚州卡尔斯巴德的英杰公司(Invitrogen))分离,并转至聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)膜上。所述膜用抗体孵育过夜,冲洗并用HRP偶联的抗兔Ig(英国小查尔的安玛西亚生物科学公司(AmershamBiosciences))孵育1小时。
通过SuperSignal West Pico(伊利诺斯州洛克福特的皮尔斯生物技术公司(Pierce Biotechnology))按照生产商说明对过氧化物酶活性显像。
联系图.所述联系图(CMAP)(www.broad.mit.edu/cmap)构造02包含1300种化合物的全基因组表达数据(6100种实例,包括复制、不同剂量和细胞系)。遵照使用如Lamb等所述MCF-7乳腺癌细胞的原始方案(15)。细胞以0.4×106个细胞/孔的密度接种入6孔板,然后放置以贴壁24小时,随后暴露于终浓度为10μM的NSC76022、NSC620358或NSC647889,或暴露于载剂对照(DMSO)。处理6小时后,使用PBS冲洗所述细胞。总RNA使用RNeasy迷你制备试剂盒(加州查特沃斯的凯杰公司(Qiagen))制备。由2微克总RNA开始,使用基因组U133Plus2.0阵列,根据基因芯片表达分析技术手册(GeneChip Expression Analysis TechnicalManual)(第5修订版,加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉市的昂飞公司(Affymetrix Inc.))进行基因表达分析。原始数据使用MAS5(昂飞公司(Affymetrix))标准化,然后计算经药物处理细胞相比载剂对照细胞的基因表达比率以生成受调节基因的列表。过滤标准为经处理细胞系中全部基因的存在判定和至少100个任意表达单元的表达截止值。出于CMAP相容性原因,仅使用在HG U133A上存在的探针。为了重新得到化合物排序表,将对于各化合物而言上调和下调最多的40个基因(例如,探针)上载入CMAP并与该CMAP数据库中的6100种实例作比较。
氧消耗.如(16)描述进行呼吸作用的检测。琥珀酸盐(5mM)在鱼藤酮(2mM)、苹果酸盐+丙酮酸盐(各5mM)和TMPD(0.5mM)+抗坏血酸盐(1mM)存在下用作线粒体底物。采用氧电极监测氧浓度变化(英国诺福克郡的汉莎科学仪器公司(Hansatech Instruments))并采用OxygraphPlus软件(英国诺福克郡的汉莎科学仪器公司(Hansatech Instruments))分析。在1M苍术苷存在下评估细胞中的基础V4呼吸,所述苍术苷阻断ADP进入线粒体。
小鼠异种移植物的处理.当SCID小鼠中的HCT116肿瘤生长至200mm3的尺寸时,对所述小鼠i.p.注射药物,并每天测量肿瘤尺寸。
实施例1.本发明化合物诱导凋亡并降低MCS活力。
用CB21处理MCS6小时,然后在无药物培养基中孵育96小时引起具有坏死中心区域的较小尺寸MCS(图2a)。胱冬酶-3诱导相较于NSC647889是适中的。重要的是,采用CB21处理MCS6小时使成克隆性降低至<5%(图2b)。所述成克隆性的降低比顺铂、伊立替康和阿霉素观察到的更强(尽管使用5-10μM的浓度;>10倍于单层培养物中这些化合物的IC50)。使用CB21处理单层HCT116细胞导致0-24小时间的细胞数量略微升高,随后细胞减损(图2c)。检测经CB21处理细胞中的5-乙炔基-2′-脱氧尿苷掺入(FdU)显示DNA合成在24小时儿乎完全终止(图2d、2e)。CB21对p53肿瘤抑制基因已被破坏的细胞和表达野生型p53的细胞同等有效(图2b)。永生化人上皮细胞(hTERT-RPE1细胞)的反应与HCT116细胞不同。这些细胞的生长停滞,但细胞数量没有减少(图2f)。当hTERT-RPE1细胞以高密度(70,000个细胞/孔)接种时,在采用CB21处理后基本没有观察到细胞减损(图2g)。HCT116和hTERT-RPE1细胞间响应CB21的所述差异示于图2h。
实施例2.本发明的化合物是细胞穿透性铁螯合剂。
为形成关于CB21作用机制的假设,使用联系图(CMap)(15),所述联系图是来自经药物处理细胞系的基因表达签名概况。由CB21引起的基因表达变化与具有铁螯合能力的抗真菌剂环吡酮胺(CPX)(17)最为类似(图3a)。为了测试CB21的细胞毒性是否依赖于铁消耗,在添加CB21之前向HCT116细胞添加氯化铁。发现氯化铁完全终止了CB21对表达野生型p53的HCT116细胞和p53基因受破坏的HCT116细胞的
影响(图3b)。
将CB21的抗增殖活性与其它已知的铁螯合剂作比较。发现CB21比VLX50、地拉罗司、环吡酮胺、去铁胺更有效(图3c)。通过使用多种结构相关的化合物检测结构活性关系(图3d、3e)。这些研究显示,CB21对于单层和MCS培养物而言都是最有效化合物。
实施例3.本发明化合物诱导普遍自噬反应。
铁螯合剂的抗肿瘤形成活性通常归因于对核糖核苷酸还原酶的抑制,导致对细胞增殖的抑制(18)。MCS主要包含非增殖性细胞。因此,不预期发现所述铁螯合剂CB21诱对于MCS的细胞毒性诱导作用。更详细地研究了所述作用的机制。经CB21处理细胞的目测检查显示细胞包含许多大的细胞质泡囊(图4a)。这些泡囊用针对微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)的抗体染色为阳性,说明其与自噬相关联。在24小时观察到LC3染色,且在42小时更强(图4b)。Western印迹分析显示采用CB21处理HCT116单层细胞诱导LC3-I和LC3-II水平的大幅增加(图4c)。LC3-II(LC3的PE偶联形式的)是被视为与自噬体最可靠相关联的蛋白质标志物(19)。HCT116MCS中的LC3-II水平也由CB21大幅诱导(图4c)。CB21还诱导hTERT-RPE1细胞中的LC3-II,但该诱导水平相较于HCT116细胞要弱很多(图4d)。该结果显示这两种细胞类型中,经CB21诱导的自噬程度与所述化合物的细胞毒性效应相关联。
HCT116细胞采用细胞毒性浓度的不同铁螯合剂处理24小时。在全部实例中观察到LC3-I和LC3-II的诱导,显示LC3诱导是铁螯合剂的普遍效应(图4e)。通过铁螯合剂的LC3-I和-II诱导相较于采用雷帕霉素或NVP-BEZ235处理后观察到的诱导(在24小时没有观察到诱导,在6小时观察到弱诱导)更加强烈。
为了测试CB21是否能够诱导所述MCS内核细胞中的细胞变化,HCT116MCS用CB21处理6小时,冲洗并孵育不同的时间段,固定,切片,然后用电子显微镜检测。在处理后24小时开始于细胞内观察到大泡囊(图4f)。值得注意的是,经CB21处理的MCS的共有特征是早期出现扩大和肿胀的线粒体(图4f)。最重要的是,大量空泡以时间依赖性方式出现,不仅出现在MCS外周的细胞内,还出现在MCS的中心内(图4f)。结论是,CB21诱导MCS中心核的细胞内形成泡囊(曾经发现是抗凋亡的),而该反应与这些细胞的活力减损相关。
实施例4.通过本发明化合物阻遏自噬或自噬体-溶酶体融合会增进细胞死亡
自噬通常视作对应激状态的生存反应,但也可以是程序性细胞死亡的机制(20、21)。为了检测不同自噬抑制剂对经CB21诱导的细胞死亡的作用,CB21的细胞毒性作用由通常用作自噬抑制剂的PI3K抑制剂3-MA增强(图5a)。然后使用siRNA进行Beclin/Atg6的敲减。这导致该蛋白质表达的儿乎完全敲减。Beclin/Atg6敲减使HCT116细胞的活力减少约50%;CB21毒性进一步使活力减少(图5b)。检测防止自噬体和溶酶体融合的抗生素巴佛洛霉素A的作用,证明巴佛洛霉素A抑制HCT116细胞内出现大细胞质LC3-II阳性泡囊(图5c)。尽管巴佛洛霉素A在约72小时诱导细胞毒性,但在更早(约48小时)就观察到了巴佛洛霉素A和CB21的联合细胞毒性(图5d)。这些结果显示,自噬的抑制加强本发明化合物的细胞毒性作用,并且在经CB21处理的细胞中观察到通过自噬体和溶酶体融合引起的大泡囊。
氯喹(CQ)是广泛用于抑制自噬体熟化成降解性自噬溶酶体的向溶酶体剂(22)。CQ自身对HCT116细胞的增殖并无影响。CQ和CB21的组合大幅增强单层HCT116细胞的细胞死亡(图5e)。检测CQ和CB21的组合对MCS的细胞毒性显示与CQ或CB21对MCS的影响相比效应增强(图5f)。
实施例5.LC3诱导不受BNIP3调节
CB21不仅诱导多种缺氧响应性基因,还诱导多种已知受p53调节的基因(图6a)。通过Western印迹证实HIF-1a和p53蛋白水平的诱导(图6b)。使用报告细胞系(其中GFP由HIF-1a启动子调节)也观察到大量诱导(图6c)。
注意到,在不同基因中被CB21强力诱导的是编码仅含BH3区域蛋白BNIP3的基因。BNIP3是HIF-1a的已知靶标(23)。据报道,BNIP3表达诱导大量细胞质空泡形成和自噬(24)。发现CB21诱导HCT116细胞内BNIP3蛋白的表达(图6d)。然而,CB21还强烈诱导hTERT-RPE1细胞中的BNIP3表达(图6d)。该发现与BNIP3是CB21诱导自噬的假设机制不一致。使用siRNA的BNIP3敲减并不减少LC3-II的诱导和CB21所致的细胞死亡(图6e)。
实施例6.本发明化合物抑制氧消耗且减少mTOR活性。
上述结果说明,诱导自噬以尝试解救细胞不受CB21诱导的毒性损伤。由于参与细胞能量代谢的多种关键蛋白质包含Fe-S复合物(25),本发明人假设通过CB21铁螯合可能导致会触发自噬的细胞代谢紊乱。为了评估该假设,检测CB21对细胞内ATP水平的影响。然而,既未能在诱导自噬的浓度下观察到细胞内ATP水平减少,又未能检测到AMPK(AMP活化蛋白激酶)磷酸化的诱导(未显示)。接着,使用荧光d-葡萄糖类似物2-[N-(7-硝基苯-2-氧杂-1,3-二唑-4-基)-氨基]-2-脱氧-d-葡萄糖(2-NBDG)通过流式细胞术跟踪葡萄糖转运的可能假象。如图7a所示,在经CB21处理的细胞中观察到2-NBDG摄取增加约25%。
检测CB21对细胞氧消耗的影响显示,CB21处理6小时后,HCT116单层培养物中的V3(状态3)和Vu(解偶联的)呼吸作用显著减少(p<0.05)(图7b)。为了检测MCS中肿瘤细胞的呼吸作用是否受CB21影响,使用间接方案。已知线粒体呼吸抑制导致组织氧张力增加,这可由哌莫硝唑染色减少而呈现(26)。事实上,发现经切片MCS的哌莫硝唑阳性染色面积是经CB21处理MCS中对照的约50%(图6C;表格)。该效应在药物暴露3小时后观察到,并持续至24小时(图7c)。作为对照,HCT116单层培养物用已知增加氧消耗的线粒体解偶联剂羰基氰酯-3-氯苯基腙(CCCP)处理。如所预料,经CCCP处理的MCS显示较大面积的哌莫硝唑染色(图7c;表格)。
表.球状体的哌莫硝唑染色定量
雷帕霉素(mTOR)的哺乳动物靶标是调节细胞响应营养物状况生长的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶。已明确,代谢应激影响mTOR通路的活性(27)。该mTOR通路调节线粒体氧消耗和氧化能力(28,29)。为了测定在CB21处理后观察到的氧消耗减少是否与mTOR抑制相关联,检测mTOR底物4EBP1的磷酸化。如图7D所示,4EBP1磷酸化被CB21抑制。该磷酸化的减少与AKT-磷酸化增加相关联。已知mTORC1的抑制会释放负反馈回路,引起强Akt活化(30)。为测试mTOR抑制是否会减少氧消耗,HCT116MCS用雷帕霉素(mTOR-raptor复合物形成的特异性药理学抑制剂)处理,并用哌莫硝唑对切片染色。观察到哌莫硝唑染色减少,尽管强度不如CB21(图7c,表1)。
这些结果提示检测直接抑制mTOR是否引起与CB21所致类似的作用。对于这些实验,使用临床试验中的化合物即双重PI3K/mTOR抑制剂NVP-BEZ235。重要的是,发现NVP-BEZ235减少单层或MCS条件下生长的HCT116细胞中的4EBP1磷酸化(图7d)。与CB21相反,NBPBEZ235不影响所述MCS核心中的细胞活力。
实施例7.葡萄糖饥饿会增强由本发明化合物诱导的细胞死亡
肿瘤细胞中大约50%的细胞ATP生成是通过氧化磷酸化(31)。据报道,肿瘤MCS内部区域中的氧消耗减少,这可能是因为增殖活性减少(32,33)。其它研究发现,MCS的活性区域中的氧消耗更为统一(34);据报道,在MCS培养中,处于相同转化阶段的成纤维细胞克隆可能具有相当不同的代谢活力(33)。甚至在所述中心核细胞内的低细胞氧消耗事件中,预期由CB21诱导的进一步减少导致葡萄糖依赖性增加。尽管单层细胞会通过增加摄取来补偿增加的葡萄糖依赖性(如图8所示),MCS中的葡萄糖仍会形成限制。如图8a所示,HCT116MCS核细胞的生存依赖葡萄糖:葡萄糖的消耗导致中心区域坏死,该效应令人联想到CB21的作用(图2)。基于这些考虑,测试葡萄糖饥饿是否增加HCT116单层细胞对CB21的敏感性。事实如下:葡萄糖饥饿减少了细胞活力且增加CB21所致的凋亡。这些结果可能至少部分解释了中心核细胞对CB21的敏感性。
实施例8.本发明化合物的抗肿瘤活性
在HCT116模型中检测CB21的体内抗肿瘤活性。使肿瘤生长到约0.2mL的尺寸,然后用CB21处理。观察到化合物CB21的明显抗肿瘤效应(图1)。
开发显示抗肿瘤活性的多种铁螯合剂,包括Triapine(35)、Tachpyr(36)和Trensox(37)。铁对于许多代谢反应是重要的,所述代谢反应包括通过核糖核苷酸还原酶从核糖核苷酸形成脱氧核糖核苷酸(38)。在Fe缺失下,细胞无法由细胞周期的G1期进行至S期,解释了所观察到的CB21对HCT116和hTERT-RPE1的抗增殖作用。由于铁螯合剂被主要视作对增殖细胞特异,因此不预期在筛选针对MCS显示细胞毒性的试剂中鉴别铁螯合剂。进一步研究显示CB21对MCS核心中非增殖性细胞的可能作用机制。此外,发现CB21减少HCT116和hTERT-RPE1细胞的氧消耗,如通过直接测量和通过使用MCS哌莫硝唑染色所见。已知线粒体氧消耗和氧化能力由mTOR通路调节(28,29)。还报道了铁螯合剂地拉罗司抑制mTOR信号转导(39)。确实发现CB21抑制4EBP1的磷酸化,并导致上调的AKT磷酸化。地拉罗司对mTOR信号转导的抑制已被归因为由缺氧诱导的基因REDD1(也被称为RTP801)诱导,这进而活化TSC2蛋白(40)。可以想象,CB21对氧消耗的影响至少部分由该机制介导。另一个可能是:由铁缺乏诱导的代谢应激通过一些其它机制影响mTOR通路的活性。
CB21与其它铁螯合剂(41)共有的另一个作用是诱导LC3阳性细胞质泡囊和LC3-II蛋白。发现hTERT-RPE1细胞中的LC3诱导显著少很多。由铁螯合剂所致的LC3-II诱导显著强于使用mTOR抑制剂所观察到的,说明LC3-II诱导并非仅由mTOR抑制介导。发现PI3K/mTOR抑制剂NVP-BEZ235没有诱导对HCT116核心中细胞的可检测细胞毒性效应(Hernlund等,未公开),再次说明mTOR抑制并非是引起由CB21所致自噬诱导和细胞死亡的唯一因素。
经CB21处理后观察到的氧消耗减少应导致增加的葡萄糖依赖性以供ATP生成,这与关于雷帕霉素的报道相似(42)。该提议似乎通过观察到MCS核心中存在的细胞群显示组成型ER应激(Grp78阳性)的迹象而得到证实,所述状况可能由缺氧和有限葡萄糖供给诱导。MCS的葡萄糖饥饿诱导核心细胞的细胞死亡,这与该细胞群依赖葡萄糖生存的概念一致。在采用CB21处理后观察到的葡萄糖依赖性增加很可能引起核心细胞群的细胞死亡。如相较于外周细胞内胱冬酶-3强诱导(未显示)的胱冬酶-3弱诱导所证明,凋亡似乎并不是由CB21所致细胞死亡的主要机制。细胞能量状态的较差状况可导致对凋亡的抵抗(也解释核心细胞对经NSC647889诱导凋亡的抗性)(未显示)。似乎CB21诱导HCT116细胞的葡萄糖依赖性增加,而这导致MCS核心中缺氧细胞的活力减少。
自噬是对代谢应激的分解代谢降解反应,其通过降解蛋白质和细胞器来努力维持稳定状态。PI3K-Akt-mTOR、LKB1-AMPK-mTOR和p53是所述自噬通路的主要调节剂。认为自噬参与介导癌细胞对抗癌治疗的抗性,从而被视作抗癌药物抗性中具吸引力的治疗靶标(20,43)。CB21诱导显著的自噬反应,特征为强LC3-I和-II诱导。本发明揭示抑制自噬以加强CB21的细胞毒性。
参考文献
1.Tannock IF等.Limited penetration of anticancer drugs through tumourtissue:a potential cause of resistance of solid tumours to chemotherapy(抗癌药物对肿瘤组织的受限穿透:实体瘤抵抗化疗的潜在原因).Clin Cancer Res2002;8:878-84.
2.Sutherland RM和Durand RE.Radiation response of multicell spheroids-an in vitro tumour model(体外肿瘤模型多细胞球体对辐射的响应).Curr Top RadiatRes Q1976;11:87-139.
3.Mueller-Klieser W.Multicellular sphereids.A review on cellularaggregates in cancer research(关于癌症研究中细胞聚集体的综述).J Cancer ResClin Oncol 1987;113:101-22.
4.Zietarska M等Molecular description of a3D in vitro model for thestudy of epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC)(用于研究上皮卵巢癌的3D体外模型的分子描述).Mol Carcinog2007;46:872-85.
5.Smalley KS等.Life isn’t flat:taking cancer biology to the nextdimension(生命是非平面的:将癌症生物学带入下一个维度).In Vitro Cell Dev BiolAnim2006;42:242-7.
6.Frankel A.等.Abrogation of taxol-induced G2-M arrest and apoptosisin human ovarian cancer cells grown as multicellular tumour spheroids(经紫杉酚诱导的G2-M阻滞的消除和以多细胞肿瘤球状体生长的人卵巢癌细胞的凋亡).CancerRes 1997;57:238893.
7.Levine B.Cell biology:autophagy and cancer(细胞生物学:自噬和癌症).Nature2007;446:745-7.
8.Degenhardt K等.Autophagy promotes tumour cell survival andrestricts necrosis,inflammation,and tumourigenesis(自噬促进肿瘤细胞生存和限制坏死、炎症和致肿瘤性).Cancer Cell2006;10:51-64.
9.Karantza-Wadsworth V等.Autophagy mitigates metabolic stress andgenome damage in mammary tumourigenesis(自噬减轻哺乳动物肿瘤生成中的代谢应激和基因组损伤).Genes Dev2007;21:1621-35.
10.Mizushima N等.Autophagy fights disease through cellularselfdigestion(自噬通过细胞自消化对抗疾病).Nature2008;451:1069-75.
11.Edinger AL和Thompson CB.Death by design:apoptosis,necrosis andautophagy(设计死亡:凋亡、坏死和自噬).Curr Opin Cell Biol2004;16:663-9.
12.Herrmann R等.Screening for compounds that induce apoptosis ofcancer cells grown as multicellular spheroids(诱导生长为多细胞球体的癌细胞凋亡的化合物筛选).J Biomol Screen2008;13:1-8.
13. M等.A novel high-through-put assay for sereening of pro-apoptotic drugs(筛选促细胞凋亡药物的新型高通量试验).Invest New Drugs2002;20:253-9.
14.Friedrich.J等.A reliable tool to determine cell viability incomplex3-d culture:the acid phosphatase assay(测定复合3-d培养物中细胞活力的可靠工具:酸性磷酸酶检测).J Biomol Screen2007;12:92537.
15.Schmidt-Mende.J等.Early mitochondrial alterations in ATRA-inducedcell death(经ATRA诱导的细胞死亡中的早期线粒体变化).Cell Death Differ2006;13:119-28.
16.Lamb J等.The Connectivity Map:using gene-expression signatures toconnect small molecules,genes,and disease(联系图:使用基因表达签名来连接小分子、基因和疾病).Science2006;313:1929-35.
17.Linden T等.The antimycotic ciclopiroxolamine induces HIF-lalphastability,VEGF expression,and angiogenesis(抗真菌性环吡酮胺诱导HIF-1α稳定性、VEGF表达和血管生成).FASEB J2003;17:761-3.
18.Yu Y等.Chelators at the cancer cealface:desferrioxamine toTriapine and beyond(癌采掘面处的螯合剂:去铁胺到Triapin及其它).Clin CancerRes2006;12:6876-83.
19.Klionsky DJ等.Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assaysfor monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes(监测高等真核细胞中自噬的使用指南和实验说明).Autophagy2008;4:151-75.
20.Amaravadi RK和Thompson CB.The roies of therapy-induced autophagyand necrosis in cancer treatment(治疗诱导的自噬和坏死在癌症治疗中的作用).ClinCancer Res2007;13:7271-9.
21.Mazure NM和Pouyssegur J.Hypoxia-induced autophagy:cell death orcell survival?(缺氧诱导的自噬:细胞死亡或细胞存活?)Curr Opin Cell Biol2009.
22.Lum JJ等.Growth factor regulation of autophagy and cell survivalin the absence of apoptosis(无凋亡情况下自噬和细胞生存的生长因子调节).Cell005;120:237-48.
23.Bruick RK.Expression of the gene encoding the proapoptoticNip3protein is induced by hypoxia(缺氧诱导编码促凋亡Nip3蛋白的基因表达).ProcNatl Acad Sci U S A2000;97:9082-7.
24.Vande Velde C等.BNIP3and genetic control of necrosis-like celldeath through the mitochondrial permeability transition pore(通过线粒体通透性转换孔的坏死样细胞死亡的BNIP3和遗传控制).Mol Cell Biol2000;20:5454-68.
25.Tong WH和Rouault TA.Metabolic regulation of citrate and iron byaconitases:roie of iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis(通过乌头酸酶的柠檬酸盐和铁的代谢调节:铁-硫簇生物生成的作用).Biometals2007;20:549-64.
26.Arteel GE等.Reductive metabolism of the hypoxia markerpimonidazole is regulated by oxygen tension independent of the pyridinenucleotide redox state(通过不依赖吡啶核苷酸氧化还原状态的氧张力调节缺氧标志物哌莫硝唑的还原代谢).Eur J Biochem1998;253:743-50.
27.Corradetti MN等.Regulation of the TSC pathway by LKB1:evidence ofa molecular link between tuberous sclerosis complex and Peutz-Jegherssyndrome(通过LKB1调节TSC通路:结节性硬化症和黑斑息肉综合症间的分子联系证据).Genes Dev2004;18:1533-8.
28.Schieke SM等.The mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathwayregulates mitochondrial oxygen consumption and oxidative capacity(雷帕霉素(mTOR)通路的哺乳动物靶标调节线粒体氧消耗和氧化能力).J Biol Chem2006;281:27643-52.
29.CunninghamJT等.mTOR controls mitochondriai oxidative functionthrough a YY1-PGC-lalpha transcriptional complex(mTOR通过YY1-PGC-1α转录复合物控制线粒体氧化功能).Nature2007;450:736-40.
30.Carracedo A和Pandolfi PP.The PTEN-PI3K pathway:of feedbacks andcross-talks(PTEN-PI3K通路:反馈和交互作用).Oncogene2008;27:5527-41.
31.Sariban-Sohraby S等.Comparison of energy metabolism in humannormal and neoplastic(Burkitt’s lymphoma)lymphoid cells(人正常和瘤(伯基特淋巴瘤)淋巴样细胞中的能量代谢比较).Cancer Res1983;43:4662-4.
32.Freyer JP等.In situ oxygen consumption rates of cell s in V-79multicellular spheroids during growth(V-79多细胞球体在生长中的细胞原位氧消耗).J Cell Physiol 1984;118:53-61.
33.Kunz LA等.Oncogene-associated growth behavior and oxygenation ofmulticellular spheroids from rat embryo fibroblasts(来自大鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的多细胞球体的致癌基因相关生长表现和充氧作用).Adv Exp Med Biol 1994;345:359-66.
34.Bredel-Geissler A等.Proliferation-associated oxygen consumptionand morphology of tumour cells in monolayer and spheroid culture(单层和球状培养物中的增殖相关氧消耗和肿瘤细胞形态).J Cell Physiol 1992;153:44-52.
35.Finch RA等.Triapine(3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde-thiosemicarbazone):A potent inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase activity with broadspectrum antitumour activity(Triapine(3-氨基吡啶-2-甲醛-缩氨硫脲):一种具有广谱抗肿瘤活力的核糖核苷酸还原酶活性的有效抑制剂).Biochem Pharmacol2000;59:983-91.
36.Torti SV等.Tumour cell cytotoxicity of a novel metal chelator(新金属螯合剂的肿瘤细胞毒性).Blood1998;92:1384-9.
37.Rakba N等.Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of O-Trensox,anew synthetic iron chelator,on differentiated human hepatoma cell lines(一种新合成铁螯合剂O-Trensox对分化的人肝癌细胞系的抗增殖和凋亡效应).Carcinogenesis2000;21:943-51.
38.Richardson DR.Iron chelators as therapeutic agents for thetreatment of cancer(铁螯合剂作为用于癌症治疗的治疗剂).Crit Rev OncolHematol2002;42:267-81.
39.Ohyashiki JH等.The oral iron chelator deferasirox repressessignaling through the mTOR in myeloid leukemia cells by enhancing expressionof REDD1(口服铁螯合剂地拉罗司通过提高REDD1的表达抑制骨髓性白血病细胞中经mTOR的信号转导).Cancer Sci2009;100:970-7.
40.Wang H等.Dexamethasone represses signaling through the mammaliantarget of rapamycin in muscle cells by enhancing expression of REDD1(地塞米松通过提高REDD1表达来抑制肌肉细胞中经哺乳动物靶标雷帕霉素的信号转导).J BiolChem2006;281:39128-34.
41.Tracy K等.BNIP3is an RB/E2F target gene required for hypoxia-induced autophagy(BNIP3是缺氧诱导的自噬所需的RB/E2F靶标基因).Mol CellBiol2007;27:6229-42.
42.Ramanathan A和Schreiber SL.Direct control of mitochondrialfunction by mTOR(通过mTOR直接控制线粒体功能).Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2009;106:22229-32
43.Degtyarev M等.Akt inhibition promotes autophagy and sensitizesPTEN-null tumours to lysosomotropic agents(Akt抑制促进自噬并使PTEN无效肿瘤对向溶酶体剂敏感).J Cell Biol2008;183:101-16.
Claims (8)
1.细胞穿透性铁螯合剂在制备治疗人内实体癌肿瘤的药物中的应用,其中,所述细胞穿透性铁螯合剂是通式I的N-(1-吡啶-2-基-亚甲基)-N-(9H-1,3,4,9-四氮杂-芴-2-基)-肼或其药学上可接受的盐,其中,R是甲基,R1是C1-C4烷基,R2是H
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,R1是甲基。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,R1是6-甲基或8-甲基。
4.如权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,R是甲基,R1是8-甲基,且R2是H。
5.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述实体癌是结肠癌。
6.药理学上抗癌有效剂量的药物组合物在制备治疗人内实体癌肿瘤的药物中的应用,其中,所述药物组合物包含权利要求1-5中任一项所提及的细胞穿透性铁螯合剂和药学上可接受的运载体。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物组合物由权利要求1-5中任一项所提及的细胞穿透性铁螯合剂和药学上可接受的运载体组成。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述实体癌是结肠癌。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE1100201 | 2011-03-21 | ||
SE1100201-1 | 2011-03-21 | ||
PCT/SE2012/000034 WO2012128689A1 (en) | 2011-03-21 | 2012-03-14 | Treatment of solid tumours |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN103547268A CN103547268A (zh) | 2014-01-29 |
CN103547268B true CN103547268B (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
Family
ID=46879602
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201280024388.8A Active CN103547268B (zh) | 2011-03-21 | 2012-03-14 | 实体瘤的治疗 |
Country Status (20)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20140073645A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2688569B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6064215B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101937279B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103547268B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2012231814B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112013024211B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2830081C (zh) |
DK (1) | DK2688569T3 (zh) |
EA (1) | EA025180B1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2681703T3 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUE039021T2 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL228411A (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2013010770A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL2688569T3 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT2688569T (zh) |
SG (2) | SG193494A1 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR201809040T4 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012128689A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA201307036B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2734479T3 (es) * | 2012-09-21 | 2019-12-10 | Vivolux Ab | Medios y métodos para tratar tumores sólidos |
US11504346B2 (en) | 2013-11-03 | 2022-11-22 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | Redox-activated pro-chelators |
CN105807976B (zh) | 2014-12-31 | 2019-02-12 | 清华大学 | 静电传感器 |
US10548930B2 (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2020-02-04 | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Use of MVA or MVAΔE3L as immunotherapeutic agents against solid tumors |
CN104997777A (zh) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-10-28 | 孔小乐 | 去铁酮的2比1锌络合物作为制备抗癌药物的应用 |
JP7103745B2 (ja) * | 2015-10-05 | 2022-07-20 | 国立大学法人 岡山大学 | 癌幹細胞抑制剤、癌の転移又は再発の抑制剤並びに癌細胞の未分化マーカー発現抑制剤 |
HUE059610T2 (hu) * | 2015-12-18 | 2022-12-28 | Vivolux Ab | Gyógyszerészeti készítmény, amely indolszármazékokat tartalmaz, valamint eljárás annak elõállítására és felhasználására |
US20190358247A1 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2019-11-28 | The Medical College Of Wisconsin, Inc. | Synergistic inihibition of tumor cell proliferation induced by combined treatment of metformin or metformin analogs and iron chelators |
JP6900067B2 (ja) * | 2017-02-07 | 2021-07-07 | オンコクロス カンパニー,リミテッド | 癌の転移抑制および治療用組成物 |
KR101859922B1 (ko) * | 2017-02-07 | 2018-05-21 | 주식회사 온코크로스 | 클로페네신을 포함하는 대장암 증식 및 전이 억제용 조성물 |
CN106831776B (zh) * | 2017-03-16 | 2018-12-07 | 河北科技大学 | 5,10-二氢吡啶并吡嗪并三嗪类化合物及其应用 |
EP3713573A1 (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2020-09-30 | Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum | Iron chelators in tumor therapy |
CN109646679A (zh) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-19 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 铁离子螯合剂及其可药用盐的用途 |
CN110585194A (zh) * | 2019-10-12 | 2019-12-20 | 广州医科大学附属第五医院 | 倍半萜内酯类化合物在制备溶酶体自噬抑制剂以及抗癌药物中的应用 |
CN111849873A (zh) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-30 | 扬州大学 | 一种诱导鸡的胚胎干细胞自噬的方法 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101443002A (zh) * | 2006-05-09 | 2009-05-27 | 诺瓦提斯公司 | 包含铁螯合剂和抗肿瘤药的组合及其用途 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH075608B2 (ja) * | 1986-01-13 | 1995-01-25 | イ−ル−セルタ−ク ソシエテ アノニム | ビンブラスチン誘導体 |
US5480906A (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1996-01-02 | Eli Lilly And Company | Stereochemical Wortmannin derivatives |
IL121272A (en) * | 1997-07-10 | 2000-06-01 | Can Fite Technologies Ltd | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising adenosine and their use for treating or preventing leukopenia |
US6660737B2 (en) * | 2001-05-04 | 2003-12-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Medicinal uses of hydrazones |
ATE495794T1 (de) * | 2003-02-05 | 2011-02-15 | Desi Raymond Richardson | Metallionenchelatoren und ihre therapeutische verwendung |
US7767689B2 (en) | 2004-03-15 | 2010-08-03 | Ptc Therapeutics, Inc. | Carboline derivatives useful in the treatment of cancer |
US20060128805A1 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2006-06-15 | Shah Sudhir V | Methods of treating erythropoietin-resistance |
WO2009035534A2 (en) | 2007-09-07 | 2009-03-19 | The Cleveland Clinic Foundation | Treatment of ischemic eye disease by the systematic pharmaceutical activation of hypoxia inducible factor (hif) |
KR101208587B1 (ko) * | 2009-06-24 | 2012-12-06 | 여오영 | 하이드록시클로로퀸을 포함하는 항암 치료를 위한 국소 투여용 주사제 조성물 |
ES2734479T3 (es) | 2012-09-21 | 2019-12-10 | Vivolux Ab | Medios y métodos para tratar tumores sólidos |
-
2012
- 2012-03-14 ES ES12760260.5T patent/ES2681703T3/es active Active
- 2012-03-14 KR KR1020137027532A patent/KR101937279B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-03-14 US US14/006,277 patent/US20140073645A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-03-14 TR TR2018/09040T patent/TR201809040T4/tr unknown
- 2012-03-14 EA EA201391286A patent/EA025180B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-03-14 MX MX2013010770A patent/MX2013010770A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2012-03-14 DK DK12760260.5T patent/DK2688569T3/en active
- 2012-03-14 EP EP12760260.5A patent/EP2688569B1/en active Active
- 2012-03-14 BR BR112013024211-6A patent/BR112013024211B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2012-03-14 SG SG2013069729A patent/SG193494A1/en unknown
- 2012-03-14 SG SG10201605083SA patent/SG10201605083SA/en unknown
- 2012-03-14 HU HUE12760260A patent/HUE039021T2/hu unknown
- 2012-03-14 PT PT127602605T patent/PT2688569T/pt unknown
- 2012-03-14 PL PL12760260T patent/PL2688569T3/pl unknown
- 2012-03-14 CN CN201280024388.8A patent/CN103547268B/zh active Active
- 2012-03-14 JP JP2014501035A patent/JP6064215B2/ja active Active
- 2012-03-14 WO PCT/SE2012/000034 patent/WO2012128689A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-03-14 AU AU2012231814A patent/AU2012231814B2/en active Active
- 2012-03-14 CA CA2830081A patent/CA2830081C/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-09-12 IL IL228411A patent/IL228411A/en active IP Right Revival
- 2013-09-18 ZA ZA2013/07036A patent/ZA201307036B/en unknown
-
2017
- 2017-06-16 US US15/625,337 patent/US10022380B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101443002A (zh) * | 2006-05-09 | 2009-05-27 | 诺瓦提斯公司 | 包含铁螯合剂和抗肿瘤药的组合及其用途 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
Chloroquine potentiates the anti-cancer effect of 5-fluorouracil on colon cancer cells;Kazuhito Sasaki et al.;《BMC Cancer》;20101231(第10期);1-11 * |
Synthesis of Some Substituted-1,2,4-trazino[5,6-b]indole Derivatives as Potential Antiviral and Anticancer Agents;Nabil H. Eshba et al;《Pharmazie》;19871231;第42卷(第10期);664-666 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20140017619A (ko) | 2014-02-11 |
AU2012231814B2 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
HUE039021T2 (hu) | 2018-12-28 |
WO2012128689A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
SG10201605083SA (en) | 2016-08-30 |
EP2688569A1 (en) | 2014-01-29 |
AU2012231814A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
CA2830081C (en) | 2020-09-22 |
US20170348317A1 (en) | 2017-12-07 |
EP2688569B1 (en) | 2018-05-30 |
CN103547268A (zh) | 2014-01-29 |
IL228411A (en) | 2016-12-29 |
US10022380B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 |
US20140073645A1 (en) | 2014-03-13 |
KR101937279B1 (ko) | 2019-01-10 |
JP2014508804A (ja) | 2014-04-10 |
EA025180B1 (ru) | 2016-11-30 |
JP6064215B2 (ja) | 2017-02-01 |
DK2688569T3 (en) | 2018-08-06 |
PL2688569T3 (pl) | 2018-09-28 |
BR112013024211A2 (pt) | 2016-12-20 |
TR201809040T4 (tr) | 2018-07-23 |
CA2830081A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
BR112013024211B1 (pt) | 2020-12-15 |
EA201391286A1 (ru) | 2014-03-31 |
IL228411A0 (en) | 2013-12-31 |
ES2681703T3 (es) | 2018-09-14 |
SG193494A1 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
EP2688569A4 (en) | 2014-09-10 |
ZA201307036B (en) | 2014-05-28 |
PT2688569T (pt) | 2018-08-06 |
MX2013010770A (es) | 2014-03-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN103547268B (zh) | 实体瘤的治疗 | |
CN101242822B (zh) | 治疗卵巢癌的药物 | |
CN102844023B (zh) | Cdc7激酶抑制剂以及其用途 | |
JP6272861B2 (ja) | 固形腫瘍の治療のためのニクロサミド | |
CN102274220B (zh) | 索拉菲尼在制备逆转肿瘤多药耐药性的药物中的应用 | |
JP2011503111A (ja) | Parp阻害剤単独又は抗腫瘍剤との組み合わせによる乳がんの治療 | |
CN101903025A (zh) | 利用苯并吡喃酮-型parp抑制剂治疗癌症的方法和组合物 | |
KR20190126442A (ko) | 자궁경부암을 치료하기 위한 글루코코르티코이드 수용체 조정제 | |
WO2022218362A1 (zh) | 一种硝基呋喃类小分子化合物在制备诱导铁死亡和/或减缓胃癌化疗耐药药物中的应用 | |
CN112867488A (zh) | 用于抑制kras癌基因活化的flavagline衍生物 | |
US9562046B2 (en) | Means and method for treating solid tumors | |
EP1832283A1 (en) | Use of inhibitors of scavenger receptor class proteins for the treatment of infectious diseases | |
SK1472004A3 (en) | Reduced toxicity cisplatin formulations and methods for using the same | |
CN105541696B (zh) | 一种抗肿瘤的化合物及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN107427492B (zh) | 用于治疗癌症的医药组合物、其方法及筛选药物的生物标记 | |
Wang et al. | Anlotinib Inhibiting Mantle Cell Lymphoma Proliferation and Inducing Apoptosis through PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway | |
CN107849033A (zh) | 用于治疗Rac‑GTP酶介导的病症的化合物 | |
KR102142164B1 (ko) | 퀴논 화합물 및 암의 치료를 위한 그것의 용도 | |
JP2021522284A (ja) | 細胞における自食作用抑制用組成物、及びこれを含む腫瘍性疾患の予防または治療用、あるいは抗がん剤の耐性抑制用薬学的組成物 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: DE Ref document number: 1191561 Country of ref document: HK |
|
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: GR Ref document number: 1191561 Country of ref document: HK |