CN103518532B - Method for cultivating coprinus comatus in high-altitude forest land - Google Patents
Method for cultivating coprinus comatus in high-altitude forest land Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating coprinus comatus in high-altitude forest land. The method comprises the steps of fermenting base materials, using forest land with the canopy density of 0.60-0.75 and the altitude of 500-1800 meters as a cultivating area, digging holes on the ground under trees and 0.6-1 meter away from trunks as cultivating pits, fertilizing coprinus comatus fungi, fermented base materials and coprinus comatus fungi in the cultivating pits sequentially, covering the cultivating pits with mixture of dug humus layers and dug soil layers, spraying water to wet through covered earth to achieve soil layer spawn running, cultivating for 25-60 days when the temperature in the soil layer is 1 DEG C to 36 DEG C, and achieving fruiting when the average temperature is 4 DEG C to 24 DEG C. The method is high in fruiting yield. Compared with an artificial cultivation technique, the biological efficiency is improved by about 40%. The produced coprinus comatus approach to flavor and taste of wild mushroom. The method is free of occupying cultivated land, so that disposable fixed fund investment of fruiting sheds and spawn running sheds is saved. Mushroom residue waste materials can be directly resolved and utilized by tree foots, so that environmental friendliness is achieved, and circulation development is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of Coprinus comatus, imitate wild Coprinus comatus particularly to a kind of cultivation using High aititude forest land
Method.
Background technology
The problems such as due to pest and disease damage, Coprinus comatus employ bulk sterilization, insecticidal materials in conventional manual's cultivation and production, no
Evitable can have residual toxin in the product, benezene material especially in germ killing drugs, sulfur species etc., even more quite tight
The polluter of weight, although the control principle of " relying mainly on prevention " is constantly appealed by departments of government and scientific research department, due to
Our Edible Fungi belongs to the distributed production pattern that huge numbers of families go into battle together, and pest and disease damage in recent years is serious in addition, institute
With, chemicalses used in production, have become as the almost necessary production factors of one kind.These chemicalses cause to human body
Certain injury, also makes the mouthfeel of Coprinus comatus reduce, Quality Down simultaneously.In addition, existing artificial culture produces Coprinus comatus technology
The area that occupies cultivated land is big, need to build the facilities such as mushroom shed, investment in fixed assets is larger.
Content of the invention
The present invention is directed to the defect of above-mentioned prior art, provides a kind of safe and efficient utilization High aititude forest land to cultivate chicken
The method of lower limb mushroom.The wild ecological habitat of the method for the present invention not only reducible Coprinus comatus, also has simultaneously and favorably gives birth in tree
Long, favorably prevent fires in woods, favorably increase income in the people, in many advantages such as the favourable increments of mushroom, and, fundamentally ensured food peace
Entirely；Than the production operation of direct specification mushroom grower, in a sense, existing technical guarantee, has in production again
Feasibility.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solution, a kind of method that Coprinus comatus are cultivated in High aititude forest land, including
Following steps：
（1）Base material is fermented；
（2）Using canopy density be 0.60～0.75, height above sea level be 500～1800 meters forest land as cultivation area, under tree and from
Dig pit as cultivation hole in the ground opening 0.6～1 meter of trunk；
（3）Spread fertilizer over the fields strain of coprinus comatus, step in cultivation hole in order（1）Gained fermentation base material, strain of coprinus comatus, and with
Step（2）The humus layer digging out and soil layer mixture cover cultivation hole to cover Coprinus comatus bacterial spawn, spray water afterwards with the earthing that drenches, enter
Row soil layer sends out bacterium；
（4）Cultivate 25～60 days under the conditions of in soil layer, temperature is 1 DEG C～36 DEG C, the fruiting when temperature is 4 DEG C～24 DEG C.
It is preferable that step in said method（1）In, described base material includes the component of following weight portion：Wood flour 160～
1200 parts, 160～1200 parts of fermented cow dung powder, 10～100 parts of pulverized limestone, 5～50 parts of Gypsum Fibrosum powder, 330～2400 parts of water；Described
Fermented cow dung powder, is to carry out fermentation process after fresh and dried cattle manure adds pulverized limestone to obtain, fermentation standard be fully become thoroughly decomposed, no insect pest；
It is further preferred that described wood flour is 1 with the weight ratio of water:1.5～2；
It is further preferred that the non-transgenic raw material that described wood flour is derived from without any chemical treatment, does not have pollution；More
It is further preferred that described wood flour is the hardwood sawdust from ecosystem forest land；
Preferably, described base material is fermented as follows：First wood flour and fermented cow dung powder are compared 1 by material, water：1
Ratio carries out prior fermentation process, adds other components and carries out after fermentation, obtains final product after completing fermentation process；Further preferably
Ground, the standard of described base material fermentation is fully to become thoroughly decomposed.
Preferably, in the preparation of described base material, sweat, should be noted following some：First, from former（Begin）Ecological
The hardwood sawdust of forest land output and without any chemical treatment, do not have pollute non-transgenic former material adjuvant；Gypsum Fibrosum powder must not
Containing harmful components such as arsenic；Secondly, after cattle manure shines dry grinding, individually carry out fermentation process, dried again after completing fermentation, side
Base material formulation can be entered as raw material；3rd, any chemical fertilizer, chemical pesticide etc. must not be used in formula；4th, base material enters
Row fermentation process, but do not fill bacterium bag processed.Prior art is pressed in other concrete operations.
The preparation of described base material, fermentation, are carried out according to organic Coprinus comatus rule of operation.Organic Coprinus comatus produce and product behaviour
Make code, be according to the clauses about organic productss other in " home environment GB9137, organic productss standard GB/T19630.1 "
And the enterprise behaviour of the paper formulation such as " the organic farm products production specifications " at State Environmental Protection Administration's Organic food development center
Make specification.
Preferably, step（2）In, described forest land is needle, the single forestland of broad-leaved or needle, Broad-leaved Mixed Forest ground；
It is further preferred that described coniferous specieses are Pinus tabuliformiss, Pollen pini thunbergii, larch, Pinus massoniana Lamb or Cacumen Platycladi, described deciduous species be Robinia pseudoacacia L. or
Betula；
Preferably, described cultivation area area is more than 1000 mu, away from more than village 3km, periphery 3km no chemical industry, hospital,
Soot and dust enterprise, prosthetic Planting Crops in forest zone；
Preferably, the square heatable adobe sleeping platform for deep 15～30 centimetres, each 20～45 centimetres of length and width is cheated in described cultivation, and hole spacing 30～
60 centimetres.
Preferably, step（3）In, the specifically mode of spreading fertilizer over the fields of each material is：Based on planting rates 15～25%, with 1～1.5kg/
m2Consumption cultivation hole in spread fertilizer over the fields strain of coprinus comatus, then press 15～20kg siccative/m2Amount by step（1）Gained fermentation base
Cultivation hole put into by material, finally with 1.25～1.5kg/m2Consumption spread fertilizer over the fields strain of coprinus comatus；Weight in wet base/the cultivation of planting rates=strain
Air-dry weight × 100% of the primary raw material of base material.
Preferably, described humus layer and soil layer mixture cover thick 2-6cm on cultivation is cheated.
Preferably, step（3）Described soil layer sends out bacterium, is suitably sprayed water according to season and soil water-containing situation, makes overburden layer contain
Water rate is 15～35%, until overburden layer recovers vegetation substantially.
Preferably, step（3）After described soil layer cultivation, spread fertilizer over the fields pulverized limestone in cultivation hole and its periphery.
Preferably, step（3）After described soil layer cultivation, sodium dichloro cyanurate solution is sprayed to cultivation area；Excellent further
Selection of land, the percentage by weight of described sodium dichloro cyanurate solution is 0.3%.
Preferably, step（4）It is more than 70% that the described nurturing period keeps space relative humidity.
Preferably, step（4）Space relative humidity is kept to be 60%～80%, more preferably 65% during described fruiting
～75%, still more preferably for 70%.
Preferably, step（4）During described fruiting, grasp six and arrive medium harvesting；It is further preferred that often harvesting one
Stubble, pours permeable immediately to cultivation cave, and sprays sodium dichloro cyanurate solution immediately；It is further preferred that according to season and
Soil moisture, each cultivation about waters 5～10 kilograms in hole；It is further preferred that described sodium dichloro cyanurate is molten
The percentage by weight of liquid is 0.1～1%；It is further preferred that the dichloro of every square metre of cultivation area sprinkling above-mentioned 0.1～1% is different
50～200 milliliters of NaDCC solution.
In the present invention, in order to keep suitable space relative humidity, in cultivation area, 2～3 meters of height, press from the ground
6～10 meters of spacing hangs micro-nozzle road on branch, and micro-nozzle is black flexible pipe, 22～38 millimeters of internal diameter, and micropore is evenly distributed,
0.2～0.4 millimeter of aperture, 200 millimeters of fore-and-aft distance between hole, operating pressure 0.1～0.3MPa（MPa）, radiation scope 6～10
Rice.In the cultivation phase, according to sylvan life air humidity conditions, carry out 1～3 spray humidification daily, 3～6 minutes every time, rainy weather
When, can not spray, you can keep space relative humidity more than 70%, keep earthing surface slightly to shoal but not dry.
In said method, the Hydra water between pouring cultivation cave water and bacteria developing period meets GB5084 farmland irrigation water mark
Accurate；The management such as the product treatment after other technology such as management of producing mushroom and harvesting, storage are not particularly limited, all compared with normal
Rule method.
Further object is that providing a kind of imitative wild Coprinus comatus, being cultivated and obtained by said method.
Indication Coprinus comatus of the present invention（Cprinus comalus）, also known as coprinus comatus, thorn mushroom, Coprinus comatus (Muell. Ex Fr.) S. F. Gray., terrible greatly umbrella
Deng genus Eumycota, Basidiomycotina, Hymenomyceteses, Agaricaless, coprinaceae, Coprinus on taxonomy.
Compared with prior art, the inventive method has the advantages that：
1st, biological efficiency is high, and produced Coprinus comatus have local flavor and the mouthfeel of wild mushroom.
The ground surface soil in forest land and humus layer, as natural cover soil material, have that nutrition composition is reasonable, permeability is high, are beneficial to
Mycelial growth, the raising irreplaceable advantage such as fruiting yield and mushroom product commodity.Compared with conventional manual cultivation technique, this
Bright biological efficiency improves 40% about；Produced Coprinus comatus have local flavor and the mouthfeel of wild mushroom, are that market supply is really pacified
Full health food, has catered to the market demand, effectively facilitates industry development；Product open market price should be the 3 of mill run
～8 times, high financial profit.
2nd, need not pack and bacterium bag hair tube reason etc. operation, be directly seeded in cultivation hole in, eliminate and fix in a large number
Capital input and hand labor, save for before fruiting 50% production time.
3rd, it is not take up ploughing, mushroom shed need not be built, send out the fixation means such as bacterium canopy, save fixed investment more than 70%.
4th, use wood flour substrate instead, overturned " as the Coprinus comatus of straw rotting fungus, cultivation matrix must use soft material "
Conventional art idea, is the major reform to straw rotting fungus edible fungus variety cultivation technique, is that Coprinus comatus production opens new thing
Matter resource, has widened raw material sources channel, is conducive to commercially producing of organic Coprinus comatus.
5th, humidification fire prevention, is that the wooded mountain fire protection increases insurance together.
Imitate the growth of wild Coprinus comatus, need higher moisture and higher air humidity, general earth's surface（20 centimetres）Contain
25% about, air humidity requires 70% about water rate, the management of producers and operation and continual tour in addition,
So, the enforcement of this technology, the undoubtedly fire prevention for mountain forest increased one new barrier.
6th, the woods that breaks traditions, mushroom thinking set, create a kind of brand-new forest economy ecomodel.
Since founding of New, country advocates afforestation energetically, makes our country green, single forest economic concept or list
Pure greening idea had become branding, and traditional edible fungi booth production model already, defined the fixing thinking of people；Should
Class thinking set, has fettered the development of people to a certain extent.Carry out under High aititude artificial forest funguses cultivation, produce imitative wild
Coprinus comatus, develop brand-new woods mushroom ecomodel, have broken original traditional view, and the thinking set of guiding people is towards multi-party
Position, three-dimensional direction are developed, and certainly will will cause same or similar production revolution in wider, broader field.
To sum up, the artificial cultivation technique of the biological efficiency religion routine that the method cultivating Coprinus comatus of the present invention feeds intake increases
About plus 40%；The Coprinus comatus being produced are pollution-free, noresidue, have local flavor and the mouthfeel of wild mushroom；Need not pack and bacterium bag is sent out
The operations such as tube reason, are not take up ploughing, and save mushroom shed, bacterium canopy etc. and one-time fix fund input, comprehensive fixed fund is thrown
Enter to reduce by more than 70%, fungus chaff wastage is directly decomposed utilization by tree root, and improves the soil organism, reduce artificial treatment expense 80%
More than, for environmental protection, there is higher realistic meaning, be particularly well-suited to the chicken that natural mushroom garden is imitated in the artificial forest zone of High aititude
Lower limb mushroom produces, and can reach preferable effect.The inventive method belongs to brand-new Edible Fungi concept and forest economy concept,
It is a kind of brand-new woods mushroom ecomodel, beneficial to the development of recycling economy, beneficial to commercial running operation and increasing peasant income, beneficial to edible
The sound development of bacterium industrialization.
Specific embodiment
For ease of understanding the present invention, it is as follows that the present invention enumerates embodiment.Those skilled in the art are it will be clearly understood that described enforcement
Example is only to aid in understanding the present invention, is not construed as the concrete restriction to the present invention.
In following examples, described biological efficiency refers to the percentage ratio of drumstickss massee fruiting bodies fresh weight and base material dry weight, tool
Body computing formula is：
BE=Ffw/Sdw×100%
In above formula, BE：Biological efficiency；Ffw：Drumstickss massee fruiting bodies fresh weight；Sdw：Base material dry weight.
Embodiment 1 High aititude artificial forest land cultivates and imitates wild Coprinus comatus
Select the coprinus comatus strain that strain code name is " Cc258 " as strain, introduce a fine variety from Jinan City, Shandong Province Licheng District food
Use bacterium institute；This bacterial strain is big head bacterial strain, is particularly suitable for sylvan life cultivation fruiting.
Base material formulation：Wood flour 160 weight portion, fermented cow dung powder 160 weight portion, pulverized limestone 10 weight portion, Gypsum Fibrosum powder 5 weight
Part, about water 330 weight portion.
Breeding method：
（1）Base material ferments：The base material made by above-mentioned formula, under the conditions of 1～15 DEG C of temperature, ferments 60 days about, with
Make fully to become thoroughly decomposed；
（2）Select the artificial forest land that height above sea level is 800m, this forest land is Pinus tabuliformiss, Pollen pini thunbergii, Pinus massoniana Lamb, Cacumen Platycladi and birch
The needles such as tree, Robinia pseudoacacia L., Broad-leaved Mixed Forest ground, canopy density more than 0.60 in woods；Under tree and leave the ground of 1 meter of trunk and dig deep 35
Centimetre, the square heatable adobe sleeping platform of each 45 centimetres of length and width be cultivation hole, cheat 60 centimetres of spacing；
（3）Based on planting rates 15%, in cultivation hole, press 1.5kg/m2Consumption spreads fertilizer over the fields strain of coprinus comatus, then presses 15kg（With
Siccative meter）/ quantity by step（1）Cultivation hole put into by base material after gained fermentation, spreads fertilizer over the fields by 1.5kg/ consumption more above
Strain of coprinus comatus, then flattens and is slightly compacted；By step（2）After the humus layer digging out and soil layer material mixing, on cultivation hole
Cover thick 2 centimetres；Appropriate water spray, is advisable with drenched earthing；
Between bacteria developing period, suitably sprayed water according to season and soil water-containing situation, make overburden layer keep compared with moisture state, until covering
Soil layer recovers vegetation substantially；
（4）Spread fertilizer over the fields pulverized limestone in surrounding enviroment, in case disease pest is invaded and harassed, under the conditions of 1 DEG C about of temperature on average, general consumption is
50 grams/m2；
（5）Sodium dichloro cyanurate 0.3% is sprayed to cultivation area（Percentage by weight）Solution is sterilized；
（6）Cultivate 120 days under the conditions of 1 DEG C of sylvan life temperature, when temperature gos up, temperature on average all can fruiting at 8～25 DEG C.
Space relative humidity can be kept during fruiting 70% about, can not to sporophore direct water spray, remaining management can routinely manage
Technology.
In the cultivation area of the present embodiment, 2m height, hangs micro-nozzle road, micro-nozzle by spacing 3m on branch from the ground
For black flexible pipe, internal diameter 22mm, micropore is evenly distributed, aperture 0.4mm, fore-and-aft distance 200mm between hole, operating pressure 0.1MPa
（MPa）.In the cultivation phase, according to sylvan life air humidity conditions, carry out 1～2 spray humidification daily, 3～6 minutes every time, overcast and rainy
During weather, can not spray, you can keep space relative humidity more than 70%, keep earthing surface slightly to shoal but do not send out
Dry.
（7）Grasp six after fruiting and arrive medium harvesting；Often harvest one batch, immediately cultivation cave is poured permeable, each cultivation is cheated
Inside about water 5kg, and sprays sodium dichloro cyanurate 0.1% immediately（Percentage by weight）Solution disinfection cultivation area, with
Disinfection, every square metre of area sprays above-mentioned 0.1% sodium dichloro cyanurate solution about 50ml.
Cultivate Coprinus comatus as stated above, in terms of base material dry weight, biological efficiency reaches 110%, and the Coprinus comatus being produced have
Wild mushroom local flavor and mouthfeel, and pollution-free, non agricultural chemical residuum.
Embodiment 2 High aititude artificial forest land cultivates and imitates wild Coprinus comatus
Select the coprinus comatus strain that strain code name is " Cc258 " as strain, introduce a fine variety from Jinan City, Shandong Province Licheng District food
Use bacterium institute；This bacterial strain is big head bacterial strain, is particularly suitable for sylvan life cultivation fruiting.
Base material formulation：Wood flour 330 weight portion, fermented cow dung powder 330 weight portion, pulverized limestone 20 weight portion, Gypsum Fibrosum powder 10 weight
Amount part, water 660 weight portion.
Breeding method：
（1）Base material ferments：The base material made by above-mentioned formula, under the conditions of 16～22 DEG C of sylvan life temperature, ferments 50 days, so that
Fully become thoroughly decomposed；
（2）Select the artificial forest land that height above sea level is 1000m, this forest land is Pinus tabuliformiss, Pollen pini thunbergii, Pinus massoniana Lamb, Cacumen Platycladi and birch
The needles such as tree, Robinia pseudoacacia L., Broad-leaved Mixed Forest ground, canopy density more than 0.65 in woods；Under tree and leave the ground of 0.70 meter of trunk and dig
20 centimetres of depth, the square heatable adobe sleeping platform of each 30 centimetres of length and width are that cultivation is cheated, and cheat 40 centimetres of spacing；
（3）Based on planting rates 15%, spread fertilizer over the fields strain of coprinus comatus by 1.2kg/ consumption in cultivation hole, then press 16kg（With
Siccative meter）/ quantity by step（1）Cultivation hole put into by base material after gained fermentation, spreads fertilizer over the fields by 1.5kg/ consumption more above
Strain of coprinus comatus, then flattens and is slightly compacted；By step（2）After the humus layer digging out and soil layer material mixing, on cultivation hole
Cover thick 3 centimetres；Appropriate water spray, is advisable with drenched earthing；
Between bacteria developing period, suitably sprayed water according to season and soil water-containing situation, make overburden layer keep compared with moisture state, until covering
Soil layer recovers vegetation substantially；
（4）Spread fertilizer over the fields pulverized limestone in surrounding enviroment, in case disease pest is invaded and harassed, under the conditions of 16～22 DEG C of temperature, general consumption is 50
Gram/m2；
（5）Sodium dichloro cyanurate 0.3% is sprayed to cultivation area（Percentage by weight）Solution is sterilized；
（6）Cultivate 60 days under the conditions of 15 DEG C of sylvan life temperature, temperature on average all can fruiting at 8～25 DEG C.Can during fruiting
Keep space relative humidity 70% about, can not to sporophore direct water spray, remaining management can routinely management technique.
In the cultivation area of the present embodiment, 2m height, hangs micro-nozzle road, micro-nozzle by spacing 3m on branch from the ground
For black flexible pipe, internal diameter 22mm, micropore is evenly distributed, aperture 0.4mm, fore-and-aft distance 200mm between hole, operating pressure 0.1MPa
（MPa）.In the cultivation phase, according to sylvan life air humidity conditions, carry out 1～2 spray humidification daily, 3～6 minutes every time, overcast and rainy
During weather, can not spray, you can keep space relative humidity more than 70%, keep earthing surface slightly to shoal but do not send out
Dry.
（7）Grasp six after fruiting and arrive medium harvesting；Often harvest one batch, immediately cultivation cave is poured permeable, each cultivation is cheated
Inside about water 6kg, and sprays sodium dichloro cyanurate 0.1% immediately（Percentage by weight）Solution disinfection cultivation area, with
Disinfection, every square metre of area sprays above-mentioned 0.1% sodium dichloro cyanurate solution about 100ml.
Cultivate Coprinus comatus as stated above, in terms of base material dry weight, biological efficiency reaches 130%, and the Coprinus comatus being produced have
Wild mushroom local flavor and mouthfeel, and pollution-free, non agricultural chemical residuum.
Embodiment 3 High aititude artificial forest land cultivates and imitates wild Coprinus comatus
Select the coprinus comatus strain that strain code name is " long leg Coprinus comatus " as strain, introduce a fine variety from Jinan City, Shandong Province Licheng City
Area's edible fungi institute；This bacterial strain is long stem, big head bacterial strain, is particularly suitable for sylvan life cultivation fruiting.
Base material formulation：Wood flour 960 weight portion, fermented cow dung powder 960 weight portion, pulverized limestone 60 weight portion, Gypsum Fibrosum powder 30 weight
Amount part, about water 2000 weight portion.
Breeding method：
（1）Base material ferments：The base material made by above-mentioned formula, under the conditions of 23～30 DEG C of temperature, ferments 40 days about, so that
Fully become thoroughly decomposed；
（2）Select the artificial forest land that height above sea level is 1300m, this forest land is Pinus tabuliformiss, Pollen pini thunbergii, Pinus massoniana Lamb, Cacumen Platycladi and birch
The theropencedrymions such as tree, Robinia pseudoacacia L. ground, in woods canopy density 0.70 and its more than；Under tree and leave the ground of 0.80 meter of trunk and dig depth
25 centimetres, the square heatable adobe sleeping platform of each 35 centimetres of length and width be cultivation hole, cheat 50 centimetres of spacing；
（3）By application rate, [definition of application rate is：Unit sown area（Generally m2）Strain weight in wet base] 1.4kg/m2
Meter, spreads fertilizer over the fields strain of coprinus comatus by 1.3kg/ consumption in cultivation hole, then presses 18kg（In terms of siccative）/m2Quantity is by step
（1）Gained fermentation after base material put into cultivation hole, spread fertilizer over the fields strain of coprinus comatus by 1.5kg/ consumption more above, then leveling and slightly
Compacting；By step（2）After the humus layer digging out and soil layer material mixing, cheat thick 3 centimetres of overlying in cultivation；Appropriate water spray, with wet
Earthing is advisable thoroughly；
Between bacteria developing period, suitably sprayed water according to season and soil water-containing situation, make overburden layer keep compared with moisture state, until covering
Soil layer recovers vegetation substantially；
（4）Spread fertilizer over the fields pulverized limestone in surrounding enviroment, in case disease pest is invaded and harassed, under the conditions of 25 DEG C about of temperature on average, general consumption
For 100 grams/m2；
（5）Sodium dichloro cyanurate 0.3% is sprayed to cultivation area（Percentage by weight）Solution is sterilized；
（6）Cultivate 35 days under the conditions of 25 DEG C of sylvan life temperature, temperature on average all can fruiting at 8～25 DEG C.Can during fruiting
Keep space relative humidity 70% about, can not to sporophore direct water spray, remaining management can routinely management technique.
In the cultivation area of the present embodiment, 2m height, hangs micro-nozzle road, micro-nozzle by spacing 3m on branch from the ground
For black flexible pipe, internal diameter 22mm, micropore is evenly distributed, aperture 0.4mm, fore-and-aft distance 200mm between hole, operating pressure 0.1MPa
（MPa）.In the cultivation phase, according to sylvan life air humidity conditions, carry out 1～2 spray humidification daily, 3～6 minutes every time, overcast and rainy
During weather, can not spray, you can keep space relative humidity more than 70%, keep earthing surface slightly to shoal but do not send out
Dry.
（7）Grasp six after fruiting and arrive medium harvesting；Often harvest one batch, immediately cultivation cave is poured permeable, each cultivation is cheated
Inside about water 8kg, and sprays sodium dichloro cyanurate 0.1% immediately（Percentage by weight）Solution disinfection cultivation area, with
Disinfection, every square metre of area sprays above-mentioned 0.1% sodium dichloro cyanurate solution about 150ml.
Cultivate Coprinus comatus as stated above, in terms of base material dry weight, biological efficiency reaches 140%, and the Coprinus comatus being produced have
Wild mushroom local flavor and mouthfeel, and pollution-free, non agricultural chemical residuum.
Embodiment 4 High aititude artificial forest land cultivates and imitates wild Coprinus comatus
Select the coprinus comatus strain that strain code name is " long leg Coprinus comatus " as strain, introduce a fine variety from Jinan City, Shandong Province Licheng City
Area's edible fungi institute；This bacterial strain is long stem, big head bacterial strain, is particularly suitable for sylvan life cultivation fruiting.
Base material formulation：Wood flour 1200 weight portion, fermented cow dung powder 1200 weight portion, pulverized limestone 100 weight portion, Gypsum Fibrosum powder 50
Weight portion, about water 2400 weight portion.
Breeding method：
（1）Base material ferments：The base material made by above-mentioned formula, under the conditions of 30～36 DEG C of sylvan life temperature, ferments 30 days about,
So that fully becoming thoroughly decomposed；
（2）Select the artificial forest land that height above sea level is 1800m, this forest land is Pinus tabuliformiss, Pollen pini thunbergii, Pinus massoniana Lamb, Cacumen Platycladi and birch
The theropencedrymions such as tree, Robinia pseudoacacia L. ground, in woods canopy density 0.70 and its more than；Under tree and leave the ground of 1 meter of trunk and dig deep 30
Centimetre, the square heatable adobe sleeping platform of each 45 centimetres of length and width be cultivation hole, cheat 60 centimetres of spacing；
（3）By application rate 1.5kg/m2Meter, presses 1.3kg/m in cultivation hole2Consumption spreads fertilizer over the fields strain of coprinus comatus, then presses
20kg（In terms of siccative）/m2Quantity by step（1）Cultivation hole put into by base material after gained fermentation, presses 1.7kg/m above again2With
Amount spreads fertilizer over the fields strain of coprinus comatus, then flattens and is slightly compacted；By step（2）After the humus layer digging out and soil layer material mixing, in training
Thick 5 centimetres of bacterium hole overlying；Appropriate water spray, is advisable with drenched earthing；
Between bacteria developing period, suitably sprayed water according to season and soil water-containing situation, make overburden layer keep compared with moisture state, until covering
Soil layer recovers vegetation substantially；
（4）Spread fertilizer over the fields pulverized limestone in surrounding enviroment, in case disease pest is invaded and harassed, under the conditions of 36 DEG C about of temperature on average, general consumption
For 100 grams/m2；
（5）Sodium dichloro cyanurate 0.3% is sprayed to cultivation area（Percentage by weight）Solution is sterilized；
（6）After cultivating 25 days under the conditions of 36 DEG C of sylvan life temperature, temperature on average is down to 8～25 DEG C all can fruiting；30 DEG C of bars
Under part also can fruiting, but commodity is poor, can not manage.Space relative humidity can be kept 70% about during fruiting, can not
The direct water spray to sporophore, remaining management can routinely management technique.
In the cultivation area of the present embodiment, 2m height, hangs micro-nozzle road, micro-nozzle by spacing 3m on branch from the ground
For black flexible pipe, internal diameter 22mm, micropore is evenly distributed, aperture 0.4mm, fore-and-aft distance 200mm between hole, operating pressure 0.1MPa
（MPa）.In the cultivation phase, according to sylvan life air humidity conditions, carry out 1～2 spray humidification daily, 3～6 minutes every time, overcast and rainy
During weather, can not spray, you can keep space relative humidity more than 70%, keep earthing surface slightly to shoal but do not send out
Dry.
（7）Grasp six after fruiting and arrive medium harvesting；Often harvest one batch, immediately cultivation cave is poured permeable, each cultivation is cheated
Inside about water 10kg, and sprays sodium dichloro cyanurate 0.1% immediately（Percentage by weight）Solution disinfection cultivation area,
With disinfection, every square metre of area sprays above-mentioned 0.1% sodium dichloro cyanurate solution about 200ml.
Cultivate Coprinus comatus as stated above, in terms of base material dry weight, more than 150%, the Coprinus comatus being produced have biological efficiency
There are wild mushroom local flavor and mouthfeel, and pollution-free, non agricultural chemical residuum.
Applicant states, the present invention illustrates the detailed breeding method of the present invention by above-described embodiment, but the present invention is simultaneously
It is not limited to above-mentioned detailed breeding method, that is, do not mean that the present invention has to rely on above-mentioned detailed breeding method and could implement.Institute
Belong to those skilled in the art it will be clearly understood that any improvement in the present invention, the equivalence replacement to each raw material of product of the present invention
And the interpolation of auxiliary element, selection of concrete mode etc., all fall within protection scope of the present invention and open within the scope of.
Claims (15)
1. a kind of method that Coprinus comatus are cultivated in High aititude forest land, comprises the steps：
(1) base material is fermented；Described base material includes the component of following weight portion：160～1200 parts of wood flour, fermented cow dung powder
160～1200 parts, 10～100 parts of pulverized limestone, 5～50 parts of Gypsum Fibrosum powder, 330～2400 parts of water；Described wood flour and the weight portion of water
Ratio be 1:1.5～2；Described base material is fermented as follows：First wood flour and fermented cow dung powder are compared 1 by material, water：1
Ratio carries out prior fermentation process, adds other components and water carries out after fermentation, obtain final product after completing fermentation process；
(2) using canopy density be 0.60～0.75, height above sea level be 500～1800 meters forest land as cultivation area, under tree and leave tree
Dig pit as cultivation hole in dry 0.6～1 meter of ground；
(3) strain of coprinus comatus, step (1) gained fermentation base material, strain of coprinus comatus are spread fertilizer over the fields in order in cultivation hole, and with step
(2) humus layer digging out and soil layer mixture cover cultivation hole to cover Coprinus comatus bacterial spawn, spray water afterwards with the earthing that drenches, carry out soil
Layer sends out bacterium；The specifically mode of spreading fertilizer over the fields of each material is：Based on planting rates 15～25%, with 1～1.5kg/m2Consumption cultivation cheat
Inside spread fertilizer over the fields strain of coprinus comatus, then press 15～20kg siccative/m2Amount by step (1) gained fermentation base material put into cultivation hole,
Afterwards with 1.25～1.5kg/m2Consumption spread fertilizer over the fields strain of coprinus comatus；Described humus layer and soil layer mixture cover thickness on cultivation is cheated
2-6cm；Between described soil layer bacteria developing period, suitably sprayed water according to season and soil water-containing situation, make overburden layer moisture content be 15～
35%, until overburden layer recovers vegetation substantially；After described soil layer cultivation, spread fertilizer over the fields pulverized limestone in cultivation hole and its periphery；
(4) cultivate 25～60 days under the conditions of in soil layer, temperature is 1 DEG C～36 DEG C, the fruiting when temperature is 4 DEG C～24 DEG C；Described
It is more than 70% that nurturing period keeps space relative humidity；During described fruiting, grasp six and arrive medium harvesting.
2. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that in step (1), described wood flour is derived from without any chemistry
Manage, do not have the non-transgenic raw material of pollution.
3. method according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that described wood flour is the broadleaf tree from ecosystem forest land
Bits.
4. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that in step (1), the standard of described base material fermentation is fully rotten
Ripe.
5. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that in step (2), described forest land is needle, the single tree of broad-leaved
Plant forest land or needle, Broad-leaved Mixed Forest ground.
6. method according to claim 5 is it is characterised in that described coniferous specieses are Pinus tabuliformiss, Pollen pini thunbergii, larch, horse hair
Pine or Cacumen Platycladi, described deciduous species are Robinia pseudoacacia L. or Betula.
7. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that in step (2), described cultivation area area 1000 mu with
On, away from more than village 3km, periphery 3km no chemical industry, hospital, soot and dust enterprise, prosthetic plantation farming in forest zone
Thing.
8. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that in step (2), described cultivation cheat for deep 15～30 centimetres,
The square heatable adobe sleeping platform of each 20～45 centimetres of length and width, cheats 30～60 centimetres of spacing.
9. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that after the described soil layer cultivation of step (3), spray two to cultivation area
Symclosene sodium solution.
10. method according to claim 9 is it is characterised in that the percentage by weight of described sodium dichloro cyanurate solution
For 0.3%.
11. methods according to claim 1 are it is characterised in that keep space relative humidity during the described fruiting of step (4)
For 60%～80%.
12. methods according to claim 1 are it is characterised in that in step (4), often harvesting one batch, immediately cultivation cave being poured
Permeable, and spray sodium dichloro cyanurate solution immediately.
13. methods according to claim 12 are it is characterised in that according to season and soil moisture, each cultivation is poured in hole
5～10 kilograms of water.
14. methods according to claim 12 it is characterised in that in step (4), described sodium dichloro cyanurate solution
Percentage by weight is 0.1～1%.
15. methods according to claim 1 are it is characterised in that press 50～200 milliliters of every square metre of cultivation area area medication
Sprayed.
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| CN110291926B (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2021-11-19 | 王昌宾 | Cultivation method of high-quality and high-yield white mushrooms |
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| CN101347079B (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2010-09-01 | 阜新三江食用菌科技发展有限公司 | Method for cultivating chicken leg mushroom under forest |
| CN103250567B (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2015-01-14 | 承德黄林硒盛菌业有限公司 | Woodland cultivating method for pleurotus edible mushrooms |
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