CN103493801A - Method for preparing herbarium specimens - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing herbarium specimens. The method comprises the following steps: (1) collecting plant specimens and routinely preprocessing the specimens; (2) preparing a Chinese herbal medicine solution; (3) scalding the preprocessed fresh specimens in the Chinese herbal medicine solution under 10-100 DEG C for 1 second to 10 minutes; (4) drying the scalded specimens in air or absorbing all water from the scalded specimens, and flatly pressing in a specimen clip; (5) carrying out low-temperature airing treatment on the prepared specimens for 5-160 hours at the temperature of 5-20 DEG C. According to the method, the Chinese herbal medicine solution is directly utilized to scald the fresh plant specimens, has very good effects of killing bacteria and insects and preventing molds, and can be used for killing insect eggs and spores attached to the surfaces of plants to ensure that the plants are relatively bright in color. In addition, the low-temperature airing treatment can ensure that the plants can keep the original color and are prevented from being mildewed, so that the specimens can be stored for a relatively long time by using the method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to herbarium and make field, specifically a kind of preparation method of exsiccata.
Background technology
Exsiccata claims again squeeze preparation, is a kind of of drying herbarium.Exsiccata, it is great for the plant classification work meaning.Latter half in 16th century plant classification to develop rapidly on sizable degree be to be facilitated by this new technology of exsiccata.Exsiccata makes the botanist can check the sample that picks up from different regions at all seasons.Some large Herbariums are often collected the exsiccata more than 1,000,000 parts at present, and the botanist is engaged in and describes and identify by means of these samples.Collection is with one section band leaf branch of the plant of flower, fruit, or whole strain plant corpus wounded in the battle or fruit, through flattening in specimen holder, after drying, fill and be attached on platform paper, exsiccata.
Exsiccata needs to solve in manufacturing process be sample insect protected, mildew-resistant, anticorrosion, protect the problem such as look.The medicine used in the making of tradition exsiccata and store method is the chemical reagent such as carbolic acid, formalin mostly, have certain potential safety hazard, and the time of natural air drying is longer.
Up to now, Chinese patent (application number CN200410011050) discloses a kind of " preparation method of plant leaf specimen ".Chinese patent (application number CN90210953) discloses " transparent filmed plant wax leaf specimen with primary color ".These two kinds of inventions focus on overlay film, by the sample on platform paper and transparent press mold plastics two sides press mold for photo, it can be degree by film laminator that herbarium thickness be take, press mold is made permanent preparation, in the press mold process, the press mold temperature reaches 150-200 degree centigrade, and worm's ovum can become extinct.Chinese patent (application number CN201110330787) discloses " a kind of manufacturing method for liquid film closed type plant primary-color herbarium specimens ".This invention is the know-why of utilizing the paint film forming, and varnish is sprayed on exsiccata, makes sample surface adhesion, parcel one deck paint film, and the dry specimen surface completes the sealer of exsiccata.Chinese patent (application number CN201110209776) discloses " a kind of preparation method of tobacco leaf primary color exsiccata ".A kind of tobacco leaf primary color exsiccata preparation method that the method provides comprises the steps such as typing, fixation, drying, moisture regain, typing mainly takes blotting paper, hygroscopic agent, blotting paper, sample to be stacked in successively in specimen holder, stacks successively in this way n layer (preferably 5～8 layers) sample; Constant temperature fixation 15～18 hours under 45～55 ℃ of environment again; Under 55～65 ℃ of environment, freeze-day with constant temperature is 3～6 hours; Be greater than moisture regain under 70% room temperature environment and process 6～12 hours together with blotting paper and sample one relative moisture that coexists, obtain the primary colors exsiccata.The method is particularly suitable for tobacco leaf primary colors herbarium and makes.Chinese patent (application number CN90109901) discloses " fast pressing approach for obtaining plant herbarium with original colours ".This invention relates to a kind of new method of directly pasting fresh plant preparation of specimen waxed plant leaves sample with latex, through collect specimen, make a collection of specimens fresh-keeping temporary, fixing and compacting, dry Four processes, processes.Chinese patent (application number CN85105503) discloses " altrasonic method for waxed plant leaves specimen ".Impact active somatic cell with ultrasonic solution, make moisture be easy to extrude and blot.Sample is placed in to ultrasonic cleaner (add water in tank groove high 2/3), according to the quality size of sample, can processes with 100 to 500 watts of different power, the selection of time scope, from half a minute to the half an hour, is taken out sample row compacting again.Chinese patent (application number CN201120414989) discloses " a kind of herbarium exhibiting device ".Method that the biology circular of the 35th the 10th phase of volume in 2000 is published a kind of " with micro-wave oven quick Fabrication exsiccata ".Utilize microwave to there is the characteristic quick Fabrication exsiccata of rapid draing, killing ova, sample is folded into to definite shape on request, notice that the same face should have the tow sides of leaf.Press from both sides furring tile on show, according to different thickness and the numbers of plies of adjusting ceramic tile of the thickness of cauline leaf, press and scrape then sample is placed in to micro-wave oven together with ceramic tile, put desiccant on every side.With the fiery rapid draing 13min of height, take out rapidly, be placed on blotting paper the stand of drying in the air.Changing can be fixed-type with the paper of appearing on the stage after blotting paper.
Above the deficiencies in the prior art part is:
1, all can not meet the requirement of protecting look and mildew-resistant in the disclosed method of above-mentioned patent and document simultaneously." a kind of preparation method of tobacco leaf primary color exsiccata " (application number CN201110209776) although invention doing finely protecting aspect look, the method relatively is short of aspect mildew-resistant, selection has limitation.
2, ubiquity is made the loaded down with trivial details problem of flow process.
3, high to the requirement for environmental conditions in manufacturing process.
4, the defect that all exists operating space to be restricted in the method for " with micro-wave oven quick Fabrication exsiccata " and the disclosed Slide processing of " altrasonic method for waxed plant leaves specimen " (application number CN85105503).
5, used varnish in " a kind of manufacturing method for liquid film closed type plant primary-color herbarium specimens " (application number CN201110330787), used latex in " fast pressing approach for obtaining plant herbarium with original colours " (application number CN90109901), all there is safety problem in above chemical products.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of effectively insect protected, anti-preparation method of going mouldy, protecting the exsiccata of look.
The preparation method of exsiccata of the present invention comprises the steps:
1) herborization sample, carry out conventional pretreatment by sample.
2) adopt following raw material to prepare Chinese herbal medicine fluid:
2.1, by following weight portion take raw material respectively water soaked, soak time is 6～12 hours:
Honeysuckle 6.0-8.0 part; Tarragon 10.0-15.0 part; Root bark of tree peony 10.0-14.0 part; Chinese prickly ash 5.0-10.0 part; Coptis 2.0-8.0 part; Cassia bark 4.0-6.0 part; Almond 8.0-12.0 part;
2.2, respectively honeysuckle, tarragon, the root bark of tree peony, Chinese prickly ash, the coptis, cassia bark, almond are added to decocting liquid, amount of water is respectively 10～20 times of crude drug weight, the decocting liquid time is respectively 20～40 minutes, and decocting liquid is poured out to preservation; Add again the water with amount, decoct the same time, decoct altogether three times.
2.3, be concentrated into 5～10 times amounts of water content to the crude drug gross weight after decocting liquid is merged, make Chinese herbal medicine fluid;
3) will be placed in the Chinese herbal medicine fluid of 10-100 ℃ through pretreated fresh specimens soaks to scald and processes 1 second～10 minutes;
4) through soak scald that the sample processed dries or the blotting paper suck dry moisture after, put into specimen holder and flatten;
5) the above-mentioned sample made is carried out to 5 ℃～20 ℃ low-temperature air-dryings and process, the processing time is 5-160 hour.
Above-mentioned steps 2) in the formula of described Chinese herbal medicine fluid, honeysuckle is caprifoliaceae plant, get its dry flower, containing volatile oil, cyanidenon, inositol, flavonoids, inositol, saponin(e, tannin, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid etc., there is the effects such as antibiotic, antiviral, non-oxidizability; The dried leaves that tarragon is feverfew Chinese mugwort, containing volatile oil, volatile oil is the important component of wormwood sterilization, but antibacterium, fungi, desinsection; The dry root skin that the root bark of tree peony is Ranunculaceae Paeonia plant tree peony, containing paeonolide, paeonol, Paeoniflorin, hydroxypaeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin and benzoyl hydroxypaeoniflorin, volatilization wet goods, have the effects such as inhibiting bacteria and diminishing inflammation; Chinese prickly ash is rutaceae, has warming middle energizer to relieve pain, and the function of killing parasites to relieve itshing can prevent plant pest; The dry rhizome that the coptis is Ranunculaceae coptis plant cloud company, the triangle leaf coptis, the coptis, containing multiple isoquinoline alkaloid, still containing coptisine, worenine, palmatine, chlorogenic acid etc., there is antibacterial action, staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus, pneumococcus are had to obvious inhibitory action; The dry bark that cassia bark is Lauraceae cinnamon Chinese cassia tree, containing phellandrene, Eugenol, methyleugenol etc., but sterilization, antibacterial, pre-preventing germs infection; The mature seed that almond is rose family cherry apricot, prunus mandshuricaKoehne, Siberia apricot, ansu apricot, containing amarogentin, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid, tetradecanoic acid, palmitoleic acid and gadoleic acid; Energy expelling parasite, sterilization.
Above-mentioned steps 3) in, fresh specimens is placed in to Chinese herbal medicine fluid and soaks while scalding processing, the actual temp of Chinese herbal medicine fluid is determined with soaking the concrete time sighting target constitutionally that scalds processing.
The present invention adopts Chinese herbal medicine formula to soak boiling hot and low-temperature air-drying technical finesse making sample, its characteristic is that in the present invention, each Chinese herbal medicine all has very strong sterilization and disinsection and mildew-proof function, can kill the worm's ovum and the spore that are attached to plant surface, the plant color is also vivider.Low-temperature air-drying is processed and also can be made plant keep primary colors to prevent from going mouldy in addition, therefore uses the present invention to make exsiccata and can make the sample preservation more permanent.With traditional exsiccata manufacturing technology, compare, the present invention is scientific formulation, new technology but also have sterilization, desinsection, anticorrosion, mildew-resistant, guarantor's look not only, composition natural environmental-protective, safety non-toxic, the characteristics such as effect is lasting effective.
Embodiment
In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further, this embodiment, only for explaining the present invention, does not form and limits protection domain of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1) herborization sample, by sample pruned, the conventional finishing such as clean
2) preparation of Chinese herbal medicine fluid: 6.0 parts of extracting honeysuckles; 10.0 parts of tarragons; 10.0 parts of the root barks of tree peony; 5.0 parts, Chinese prickly ash; 2.0 parts of the coptiss; 4.0 parts, cassia bark; 8.0 parts, almond.
3) above-mentioned raw materials is added respectively to water and soaked, amount of water is respectively the weight of 10 times of crude drugs, and soak time is respectively 6 hours.
4) soaked rear decoction, the decocting liquid time is respectively 20 minutes, and decoction liquor is poured out to preservation; Add again the water with amount, decoct the same time, decoct altogether three times.
5) being concentrated into water content after decoction liquor is merged is 5 times of medicinal material weight.
6) fresh specimens after conventional treatment is placed in to the Chinese herbal medicine fluid boiled and soaks boiling hot the processing 12 seconds.
7) scald after the sample processed dries through soaking, sample is placed in specimen holder and flattens.
8) the above-mentioned sample made is carried out to the air-dry processing of low temperature (5 ℃～8 ℃), the processing time is 10 hours.
Embodiment 2
1) herborization sample, by sample pruned, the conventional finishing such as clean.
2) preparation of Chinese herbal medicine fluid: 7.0 parts of extracting honeysuckles; 12.0 parts of tarragons; 12.0 parts of the root barks of tree peony; 8.0 parts, Chinese prickly ash; 5.0 parts of the coptiss; 5.0 parts, cassia bark; 10.0 parts, almond.
3) above-mentioned raw materials is added respectively to water and soaked, amount of water is respectively 15 times of crude drug weight, and soak time is respectively 9 hours.
4) soaked rear decoction, decocting time is respectively 30 minutes, and decoction liquor is poured out to preservation; Add again the water with amount, decoct the same time, decoct altogether three times.
5) being concentrated into water content after decocting liquid is merged is 10 times of medicinal material weight.
6) the exsiccata making step is with embodiment 1, and the sample made carries out the air-dry processing of low temperature (5 ℃～20 ℃), and the processing time is 80 hours
Embodiment 3
1) herborization sample, by sample pruned, the conventional finishing such as clean.
2) preparation of Chinese herbal medicine fluid: 8.0 parts of extracting honeysuckles; 15.0 parts of tarragons; 14.0 parts of the root barks of tree peony; 10.0 parts, Chinese prickly ash; 8.0 parts of the coptiss; 6.0 parts, cassia bark; 12.0 parts, almond.
3) above-mentioned raw materials is added respectively to water and soaked, amount of water is respectively 20 times of medicinal material weight, and soak time is respectively 12 hours.
4) soaked rear decoction, decocting time is respectively 40 minutes.Decoction liquor is poured out to preservation; Add again the water with amount, decoct the same time, decoct altogether three times.
5) being concentrated into water content after decoction liquor is merged is 15 times of medicinal material weight.
6) the exsiccata making step is with embodiment 1, and the sample made carries out the air-dry processing of low temperature (5 ℃～20 ℃), and the processing time is 150 hours
For verifying anti-mold effect of the present invention, gather 6 parts of fresh plant samples, wherein experimental group 3 parts (being numbered A, B, C) is processed with Chinese herbal medicine liquid and is made exsiccata, control group 3 parts (numbering D, E, F) is made exsiccata according to conventional method.Above-mentioned 6 duplicate samples are hung on to (temperature is 30 ℃, and relative moisture is 93%) in climatic chamber, observe sample surface mildew every day and generate situation.Result shows, experimental group is not observed the formation of mildew.The present invention can prevent exsiccata go mouldy (in Table 1).
Table 1 mildew-resistant experimental result
In table 1, "-" means the specimen surface mycelia that is invisible to the naked eye, for there is no mildew."+" expression specimen surface naked eyes are only seen rare mycelia, there is no mildew." ++ " means that specimen surface has more mycelia, obvious mildew occurs.
Protect chromatic effect and detect and to carry out anti-oxidant experiment in conjunction with the DPPH method, result shows, the Chinese herbal medicine fluid of mixing is high to the removing ability of DPPH free radical, as embodiment 2 reaches 84.66%.
Claims (1)
1. the preparation method of an exsiccata, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) herborization sample, carry out conventional pretreatment by sample.
2) adopt following raw material to prepare Chinese herbal medicine fluid:
2.1, by following weight portion take raw material respectively water soaked, soak time is 6～12 hours:
Honeysuckle 6.0-8.0 part; Tarragon 10.0-15.0 part; Root bark of tree peony 10.0-14.0 part; Chinese prickly ash 5.0-10.0 part; Coptis 2.0-8.0 part; Cassia bark 4.0-6.0 part; Almond 8.0-12.0 part;
2.2, respectively by honeysuckle, tarragon, the root bark of tree peony, Chinese prickly ash, the coptis, cassia bark, almond boiling, amount of water is respectively 8～20 times of crude drug weight, decocting time is respectively 20～40 minutes, and decocting liquid is poured out to preservation; Add again the water with amount, decoct the same time, decoct altogether three times.
2.3, be concentrated into 5～10 times amounts of water content to the crude drug gross weight after three decocting liquids are merged, make Chinese herbal medicine fluid;
3) will be placed in the Chinese herbal medicine fluid of 10-100 ℃ through pretreated fresh specimens soaks to scald and processes 1 second～10 minutes;
4) through soak scald that the sample processed dries or the blotting paper suck dry moisture after, put into specimen holder and flatten;
5) the above-mentioned sample made is carried out to 5 ℃～20 ℃ low-temperature air-dryings and process, the processing time is 5-160 hour.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN106797936A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-06-06 | 安徽科技学院 | A kind of method of quick Fabrication water plant cured leaf sample |
| CN108162663A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-06-15 | 葫芦庐（天津）文化传播有限公司 | A kind of production method of cucurbit plant relief painting |
| CN109090439A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-12-28 | 涂世红 | A kind of immortality moss color stabilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110432262A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-11-12 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of preparation of waxed plant leaves sample and store method |
| CN111183976A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-05-22 | 江苏省中医药研究院 | Preparation method for preparing wax leaf specimen by using refrigeration pressurization method |
| CN113367125A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-09-10 | 中农实创(北京)环境工程技术有限公司 | Fresh-keeping nutrient solution for fresh cut flowers of roses |
| CN113439741A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-09-28 | 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 | Preparation method of primary color soaked specimen of snake mushroom |
| CN114176071A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-15 | 新乡工程学院 | Method for manufacturing paper leaf plant specimen |
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| CN106797936A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-06-06 | 安徽科技学院 | A kind of method of quick Fabrication water plant cured leaf sample |
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| CN111183976A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-05-22 | 江苏省中医药研究院 | Preparation method for preparing wax leaf specimen by using refrigeration pressurization method |
| CN113367125A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-09-10 | 中农实创(北京)环境工程技术有限公司 | Fresh-keeping nutrient solution for fresh cut flowers of roses |
| CN113439741A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-09-28 | 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 | Preparation method of primary color soaked specimen of snake mushroom |
| CN114176071A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-15 | 新乡工程学院 | Method for manufacturing paper leaf plant specimen |
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