CN106797936B - Method for rapidly making dry leaf specimen of aquatic plant - Google Patents
Method for rapidly making dry leaf specimen of aquatic plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN106797936B CN106797936B CN201710058886.9A CN201710058886A CN106797936B CN 106797936 B CN106797936 B CN 106797936B CN 201710058886 A CN201710058886 A CN 201710058886A CN 106797936 B CN106797936 B CN 106797936B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly manufacturing a dry leaf specimen of an aquatic plant, which comprises four steps of cleaning, floating water absorption, high-temperature enzyme deactivation, low-temperature baking and pressing, wherein 80-90% of water in leaves can be removed by the high-temperature enzyme deactivation and the low-temperature baking, so that the time for later pressing is shortened, and the timeliness is improved. And when high temperature completes, fungus class, moth or worm's ovum in the blade also all are killed by high temperature, and the enzyme high temperature inactivation in the blade has reduced the blade brown stain and the risk of moth, mildy and rot, and absorbent paper toasts in advance before also using, not only improves the efficiency of absorbing water, has also killed the bacterium on the absorbent paper, avoids cross contamination, suppresses under the prerequisite that does not lose whole moisture content, can prevent that the sample from rolling up, keeps the sample shape, can shorten the dry time again. The dry leaf specimen manufactured by the method not only keeps the color and the shape of the original leaf, but also has short time consumption and simple operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparation of plant specimens, in particular to a method for quickly preparing aquatic plant dry leaf specimens.
Background
There are many methods for preparing dry leaf specimens of plants, for example: a specimen clamping and pressing method, a drying method of a rapid shaping device of a wax leaf specimen, a drying method of silica gel particles, an ironing and drying method, a microwave drying method and the like. The specimen clamping and pressing method is characterized in that water in plant leaves is slowly sucked by absorbent paper in a drying stage, the absorbent paper needs to be replaced every day, the plant leaves are turned about 6 times every day, the time is 15-20 days, and the specimen clamping and pressing method is easy to mildew in rainy days and high in air humidity, so that the specimen manufacturing failure is caused. The drying method of the rapid wax leaf specimen shaping equipment is used for drying through the rapid wax leaf specimen shaping equipment, the drying problem can be solved in batches, but the drying method is not suitable for aquatic plants with large water content, and the drying method is high in equipment cost and not easy to control. The drying method of the large-scale oven is not easy to rapidly distribute moisture due to the airtight space, the temperature is not well controlled, and the drying method is not suitable for aquatic plants with large water content. The silica gel particle drying method has good drying effect but high cost. The ironing drying method is not suitable for aquatic plants, the ironing temperature is not easy to control, and the specimens are easy to be scalded. Due to the arrangement of equipment, the microwave drying method is easy to generate the phenomenon of uneven heating, some places are heated more, some places are heated less, and the specimens generate mottled green spots.
The aquatic plant is because growing in aqueous, and the water content of often leaf is great, and some leaf shapes are peculiar, and the leaf shape is great (like the lotus leaf) or the leaf shape is less (like diamond leaf, hollow lotus seed grass leaf), if want to make the dry leaf sample of aquatic plant leaf, the difficulty is great: on one hand, the aquatic plant leaves have large water content, are easy to brown and rett in the traditional specimen clamping and pressing process, have long drying time, have high paper changing frequency every day, waste time and labor and cannot achieve ideal effects; if the drying oven is directly used for baking, the shrinkage rate is very high, the drying oven is easy to deform and roll, and the key is that the original green color is difficult to keep.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem in the conventional preparation of the dry leaf specimen of the aquatic plant, the invention provides the method for quickly preparing the dry leaf specimen of the aquatic plant, the method is short in time consumption, simple to operate and easy to master, and the prepared dry leaf specimen of the aquatic plant does not lose green, is not rolled and has high success rate.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for quickly making dry leaf specimens of aquatic plants, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning collected aquatic plant leaves, and absorbing floating water on the surface by using absorbent paper;
(2) high-temperature fixation: turning on a temperature-adjustable electric furnace to power of 1500W, placing the aquatic plant leaves treated in the step (1) on the electric furnace at a temperature of 115-170 ℃ for high-temperature enzyme deactivation, wherein the local enzyme deactivation time of the leaves is 1-2 s, and moving the leaves back and forth in the baking process to bake each part of the leaves;
(3) and (3) low-temperature baking: opening the temperature-adjustable electric furnace to 750W, placing the water plant leaves subjected to water removing in the step (2) on the electric furnace, and moving and baking the water plant leaves at the temperature of 60-105 ℃ for 5-10 min until the edges of the water plant leaves shrink;
(4) pressing: and pressing the baked aquatic plant leaves for 1-2 days by using absorbent paper, and replacing the absorbent paper 2-3 times every day to obtain the aquatic plant dry leaf specimen. If a plurality of aquatic plant leaf specimens need to be manufactured, 4-5 pieces of absorbent paper need to be arranged between every two pieces of aquatic plant leaves;
in order to further improve the drying efficiency and avoid cross contamination of bacteria and the like on the absorbent paper, the absorbent paper is dried for 8-12 hours at 50-70 ℃ before use.
The aquatic plant leaves have higher water content, 80-90% of water in the leaves can be removed by high-temperature moving fixation and low-temperature moving baking, so that the later pressing time is shortened, and the timeliness is improved. And when high temperature completes, fungus, moth or worm's ovum in the blade also all are killed by high temperature, and the enzyme in the blade has also reduced the risk of blade brown stain because of high temperature inactivation, can also prevent that worm from eating and mildening and rot, and absorbent paper is also toasted before the use in addition, has further reduced the influence of microorganism. The pressing is carried out on the premise of not losing all water, so that the specimens can be prevented from being rolled, the properties of the specimens can be maintained, and the drying time can be shortened.
The dry leaf specimen manufactured by the method not only keeps the color and the shape of the original leaf, but also has short time consumption and simple operation, does not need harmful liquid medicine in the whole process, and is environment-friendly and safe.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described below clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
Example 1
The method for rapidly manufacturing the dried lotus leaf specimen comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning and floating water absorption: cleaning collected lotus leaves, and absorbing floating water on the surface by using absorbent paper baked for 8 hours at 70 ℃ in advance, wherein in the process, other impurities and dirt are prevented from influencing the evaporation uniformity of lotus leaf water, and the water content of the surface layer is reduced as much as possible;
(2) high-temperature fixation: turning on a temperature-adjustable electric furnace until the power is 1500W, placing the lotus leaves processed in the step (1) above the electric furnace for high-temperature enzyme deactivation at a position 5cm above the electric furnace, wherein the temperature is about 170 ℃, the local enzyme deactivation time is 1-2 s, moving the lotus leaves back and forth in the baking process to ensure that each position of the lotus leaves is baked, the integral enzyme deactivation time of the lotus leaves is about 5min, the color of the lotus leaves is changed from dark green to bright green, and the process needs manual control, and moving the leaves back and forth to ensure that the baking is uniform until each color of the lotus leaves is changed into bright green;
(3) and (3) low-temperature baking: turning on a temperature-adjustable electric furnace to power of 750W, baking the lotus leaves subjected to water removing in the step (2) on the electric furnace at the temperature of about 105 ℃ for 10min, and continuously moving the lotus leaves to and fro in the baking process until the edges of the lotus leaves shrink, the lotus leaves become darker in color, the veins become clearer, the leaves curl slightly, and the sound of rupture of the hypodermal cells after baking can also be heard;
(4) pressing: pressing the baked lotus leaves with absorbent paper for 2 days, wherein 5 pieces of absorbent paper are arranged between each lotus leaf, and the absorbent paper is replaced 3 times every day to obtain dried lotus leaf specimens, wherein the absorbent paper is baked for 8 hours at 70 ℃ before use.
In order to highlight the advantages of the present invention, we compare the lotus leaf specimen prepared by the traditional natural drying method and pressing method with the lotus leaf specimen prepared by the method of the present invention, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison of Lotus leaf specimens prepared by the conventional method and the invention
Example 2
The method for rapidly manufacturing the alternanthera philoxeroides dry leaf specimen comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning and floating water absorption: cleaning the collected alligator alternanthera leaves, and absorbing the floating water on the surface by using absorbent paper baked at 60 ℃ for 10 hours in advance;
(2) high-temperature fixation: turning on a temperature-adjustable electric furnace to power of 1500W, placing the alternanthera philoxeroides leaves treated in the step (1) above the electric furnace at a temperature of 115 ℃ for high-temperature enzyme deactivation, wherein the local enzyme deactivation time is 1-2 s, moving the alternanthera philoxeroides leaves back and forth in the baking process to ensure that each part of the alternanthera philoxeroides leaves is baked, the overall enzyme deactivation time of the alternanthera philoxeroides leaves is 15-30 s, the color of the alternanthera philoxeroides leaves is changed from dark green to bright green, the process needs manual control, moving back and forth to ensure that the baking is uniform, and each part of the alternanthera philoxeroides leaves is changed into bright green;
(3) and (3) low-temperature baking: turning on a temperature-adjustable electric furnace to power of 750W, baking the alternanthera philoxeroides leaves subjected to water removing in the step (2) on the electric furnace at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 5min, and continuously moving the alternanthera philoxeroides leaves back and forth in the baking process until the edges of the alternanthera philoxeroides leaves shrink;
(4) pressing: pressing the baked alternanthera philoxeroides leaves with absorbent paper for 2 days, wherein 4 pieces of absorbent paper are arranged between each alternanthera philoxeroides leaf, and the absorbent paper is replaced 2 times every day to obtain the alternanthera philoxeroides dry leaf specimen, wherein the absorbent paper is baked for 10 hours at 60 ℃ before use.
Example 3
The method for rapidly manufacturing the dried water chestnut leaf specimen comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning and floating water absorption: cleaning collected water chestnut leaves, and absorbing floating water on the surface by using absorbent paper baked for 12 hours at 50 ℃;
(2) high-temperature fixation: turning on a temperature-adjustable electric furnace until the power is 1500W, placing the water chestnut leaves treated in the step (1) above the electric furnace for high-temperature water removing, wherein the temperature is 150 ℃, the local water removing time is 1-2 s, moving the water chestnut leaves back and forth in the baking process to ensure that each part of the water chestnut leaves is baked, the whole water removing time of the water chestnut leaves is 30-60 s, the color of the water chestnut leaves is changed from dark green to bright green, and the process needs manual control, and the water chestnut leaves are uniformly baked back and forth to ensure that each color of the water chestnut leaves is changed into bright green;
(3) and (3) low-temperature baking: turning on a temperature-adjustable electric furnace to power of 750W, baking the water chestnut leaves subjected to water removing in the step (2) on the electric furnace at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 8min, and continuously moving the water chestnut leaves back and forth in the baking process until the edges of the water chestnut leaves shrink;
(4) pressing: pressing the baked water caltrop leaves with absorbent paper for 1 day, and replacing the absorbent paper 3 times per day at an interval of 5 sheets of absorbent paper to obtain dried water caltrop leaf specimen, wherein the absorbent paper is baked at 50 deg.C for 12 hr before use.
The preparation method of the present invention is also suitable for preparing dried leaf specimens of hydroponic plants (such as hydroponic chlorophytum comosum and hydroponic scindapsus aureus).
Claims (2)
1. A method for rapidly manufacturing a dry leaf specimen of an aquatic plant is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cleaning and floating water absorption: cleaning collected aquatic plant leaves, and absorbing floating water on the surface by using absorbent paper;
(2) high-temperature fixation: turning on a temperature-adjustable electric furnace to power of 1500W, placing the aquatic plant leaves treated in the step (1) on the electric furnace at a temperature of 115-170 ℃ for high-temperature enzyme deactivation, wherein the local enzyme deactivation time of the leaves is 1-2 s, and moving the leaves back and forth in the baking process to bake each part of the leaves;
(3) and (3) low-temperature baking: opening the temperature-adjustable electric furnace to 750W, placing the water plant leaves subjected to water removing in the step (2) on the electric furnace, and moving and baking the water plant leaves at the temperature of 60-105 ℃ for 5-10 min until the edges of the water plant leaves shrink;
(4) pressing: pressing the baked aquatic plant leaves for 1-2 days by using absorbent paper, and replacing the absorbent paper 2-3 times every day to obtain an aquatic plant dry leaf specimen;
the absorbent paper is dried for 8-12 hours at 50-70 ℃ for later use before use;
the aquatic plant leaf refers to lotus leaf.
2. The method for rapidly preparing the dry leaf specimen of the aquatic plant according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), 4-5 pieces of water absorbing paper are arranged between every two pieces of aquatic plant leaves.
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| CN107895533A (en) * | 2017-11-04 | 2018-04-10 | 阜阳师范学院 | Green plants blade refrigerated storage method |
| CN114176071A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-15 | 新乡工程学院 | Method for manufacturing paper leaf plant specimen |
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| CN1623805A (en) * | 2004-08-14 | 2005-06-08 | 延边朝鲜族自治州民族医药研究所 | Method for making plant leaf specimen |
| CN103493801A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-08 | 安徽师范大学 | Method for preparing herbarium specimens |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1062262A (en) * | 1990-12-13 | 1992-07-01 | 中国医学科学院药用植物资源开发研究所 | Fast pressing approach for obtaining plant herbarium with original colours |
| AU2003284431A1 (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2004-06-18 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Novel method of easily and rapidly drying hydrous sample |
| CN102410948B (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2013-04-17 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Manufacturing method of tobacco leaf primary color herbarium specimen |
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| CN1623805A (en) * | 2004-08-14 | 2005-06-08 | 延边朝鲜族自治州民族医药研究所 | Method for making plant leaf specimen |
| CN103493801A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-08 | 安徽师范大学 | Method for preparing herbarium specimens |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
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| 不同花材平面压方法与效果探讨;杜方 等;《中国农村小康科技》;20070910;第28-29页 * |
| 几种特殊植物标本的采集与压制;尹秀玲 等;《生物学杂志》;19970225;第14卷(第75期);第37-38、41页 * |
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