CN102410948B - Manufacturing method of tobacco leaf primary color herbarium specimen - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of tobacco leaf primary color herbarium specimen Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a manufacturing method of a tobacco leaf primary color exsiccate. The method comprises the steps of shaping, color fixing, drying and moisturizing again. The shaping step mainly comprises: orderly overlapping absorbing paper, a moisture absorbent, absorbing paper and a specimen in a specimen holder; orderly overlapping the specimens in n layers (preferably 5-8 layers) according to the above form; fixing color for 15-18 hours at the constant temperature of 45-55 DEG C; drying for 3-6 hours at the constant temperature of 55-65 DEG C; and placing the absorbing paper and specimen in a room temperature environment with relative moisture of more than 70%, moisturizing again for 6-12 hours to obtain the primary color exsiccate. The specimen manufacturing is faster by using the method provided by the invention, and 6-8 days are shortened in comparison with the general pressing method, the color retention effect is good, and the color keeps the same in the specimen retention period; the water content is controlled in a range of 8-10% so as to prevent the specimen from brittle rupture and maintain the integrity of the specimen. The manufacturing method provided by the invention is especially suitable for the manufacturing of the tobacco leaf primary color exsiccate, is especially in favor of storing the primary shape and color of the diseased tobacco leaf, and greatly improves the scientific research value and economy of the specimen.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the plant specimen manufacture technology field, be specifically related to a kind of simple and efficient to handle, and method for making that can fine maintenance tobacco leaf primary color exsiccata, be particularly suitable for the making of Tobacco Leaf pinta evil primary colors exsiccata.
Background technology
In the prior art, the method for making of plant disease primary colors exsiccata has Schweinfurt green liquid boiling method, electric iron rapid dehydration method, micro-wave oven rapid dehydration method, low temperature dewatering seasoning, the quick boiling method of boiling water (to see " herbarium is protected green manufacturing technology ", " Henan Foresty ", Liu Jianhua 2000(6): 24), and silica gel fine powder suction method (" introducing a kind of method for making that keeps the exsiccata primary colors ", " biology circular ", Zhang Zhi river, 2005,40(7): 60).But facts have proved, said method is unwell to the primary colors exsiccata of making Tobacco Leaf pinta evil: electric iron rapid dehydration method, micro-wave oven rapid dehydration method, low temperature dewatering seasoning, silica gel fine powder suction method easily cause the scab perforation, come off, leaf color flavescence, distortion, blade is withered, embrittlement and vein is damp and mouldy; Although Schweinfurt green liquid boiling method, the quick boiling method of boiling water can keep the blade primary colors, but also easily cause scab perforation, come off, and the sample of boiling still needs compaction drying, step is numerous and diverse, causing poor repeatability press time prolongation, the uncontrollable factor of process more.Chinese invention patent " method for making of snow lotus sample " (ZL 02108951.5), a kind of freezing method that vacuumizes the former appearance primary colors snow lotus sample of preparation that adopts is disclosed, the primary colors exsiccata that is applicable in theory Tobacco Leaf pinta evil is made, but take freeze drying, vacuum pumping method to make sample, comparison in equipment is expensive, operation is more loaded down with trivial details, technical difficulty is also large, so its range of application is very restricted.Therefore, develop a kind of simple and efficiently, and exsiccata method for making that can complete maintenance tobacco leaf primary colors is very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of simple and efficient, and the exsiccata method for making of the fine maintenance tobacco leaf primary colors of energy.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, comprises the steps such as typing, fixation, drying, moisture regain, as follows:
A, typing: select the specimen holder than each long 1.0 ~ 2.0cm of plane two-dimension sizes of sample, open specimen holder and smooth placement, 3 ~ 5 layers of place mat paper of lay successively on it, 3 ~ 5 layers of thieving paper, thickness is hygroscopic agent layer and 3 ~ 5 layers of thieving paper of 0.5 ~ 0.8cm, afterwards lay l part sample and shaping, repave and put 3 ~ 5 layers of thieving paper, thickness is the hygroscopic agent layer of 1.0 ~ 1.6cm, place again the 2nd part of sample after 3 ~ 5 layers of thieving paper, mode stacks the 3rd part of sample more according to this, until n part sample, 3 ~ 5 layers of thieving paper of lay successively more afterwards, thickness is the hygroscopic agent layer of 0.5 ~ 0.8cm, 3 ~ 5 layers of thieving paper, 3 ~ 5 layers of place mat paper, the specimen holder that closes, and integral body is evenly tied up consolidation;
B, fixation: the specimen holder that will tie up places the interior fixation of 45 ~ 55 ℃ of constant temperature ovens to process 15 ~ 18 hours;
C, drying: the sample after the fixation processing is placed the dry processing of 55 ~ 65 ℃ of constant temperature ovens 3 ~ 6 hours;
D, moisture regain: open the dry specimen holder of processing, sample is together taken out together with the thieving paper of place mat up and down, place relative humidity to process 6 ~ 12 hours greater than moisture regain under 70% the room temperature environment, obtain the primary colors exsiccata.
Hygroscopic agent in the described A step is in the particle silica gel that brings back to life, activated charcoal, convex-concave rod stone, magnesium sulphate, lime chloride, the alumina desiccant any.
Place mat paper in the described A step is newspaper or toilet paper.
N part sample in the described A step is the 5th ~ 8 part of sample.
Constant temperature oven in described B, the C step is the constant temperature convection oven.
Packing paper the present invention is on the basis of traditional Slide processing, utilize the characteristic of the quick suction of the reproducible hygroscopic agent in laboratory and the improvement technology of tobacco flue-curing, for the difference of tobacco leaf water cut, the difference of leaf age, the characteristics that the vein water cut is high, adopt active hygroscopic agent to cooperate suitable temperature jointly to dewater, realize quick fixation, kept the primary colors of sample; Mesophyll, vein divide temperature section dehydration, have solved mesophyll, the vein inconsistent technical barrier that dewaters, and have shortened 6 ~ 8 day time than the routine compacting; Room temperature moisture regain can equilibrium moisture, and water cut is controlled at 8% ~ 10%, prevents sample embrittlement, keeps the integrality of sample.
The primary colors exsiccata that the present invention makes has the following advantages: protect long, the easy preservation of look phase, scientific research is worth high, has improved economy, the artistic appreciation of sample.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment, but never in any form the present invention is limited, and any change or improvement based on training centre of the present invention is done all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
The method for making of tobacco leaf primary color exsiccata of the present invention is characterized in that comprising the steps such as typing, fixation, drying, moisture regain, and is as follows:
A, typing: select the specimen holder than each long 1.0 ~ 2.0cm of plane two-dimension sizes of sample, open specimen holder and smooth placement, 3 ~ 5 layers of place mat paper of lay successively on it, 3 ~ 5 layers of thieving paper, thickness is hygroscopic agent layer and 3 ~ 5 layers of thieving paper of 0.5 ~ 0.8cm, afterwards lay l part sample and shaping, repave and put 3 ~ 5 layers of thieving paper, thickness is the hygroscopic agent layer of 1.0 ~ 1.6cm, place again the 2nd part of sample after 3 ~ 5 layers of thieving paper, mode stacks the 3rd part of sample more according to this, until n part sample, 3 ~ 5 layers of thieving paper of lay successively more afterwards, thickness is the hygroscopic agent layer of 0.5 ~ 0.8cm, 3 ~ 5 layers of thieving paper, 3 ~ 5 layers of place mat paper, the specimen holder that closes, and integral body is evenly tied up consolidation;
B, fixation: the specimen holder that will tie up places the interior fixation of 45 ~ 55 ℃ of constant temperature ovens to process 15 ~ 18 hours;
C, drying: the sample after the fixation processing is placed the dry processing of 55 ~ 65 ℃ of constant temperature ovens 3 ~ 6 hours;
D, moisture regain: open the dry specimen holder of processing, sample is together taken out together with the thieving paper of place mat up and down, place relative humidity to process 6 ~ 12 hours greater than moisture regain under 70% the room temperature environment, obtain the primary colors exsiccata.
Hygroscopic agent in the described A step is in the particle silica gel that brings back to life, activated charcoal, convex-concave rod stone, magnesium sulphate, lime chloride, the alumina desiccant any.
Place mat paper in the described A step is newspaper or toilet paper.
N part sample in the described A step is the 5th ~ 8 part of sample.
Constant temperature oven in described B, the C step is the constant temperature convection oven, namely adopts the baking oven that fan blower is arranged, and dehydrating effect is better.
The present invention be utilize the reproducible hygroscopic agent in laboratory fast the characteristic of suction and tobacco flue-curing the improvement technology and design.The place mat paper that adopts in the typing of described A step, the one, the thieving paper that protection can be recycled, the 2nd, increase and sample between distance, avoid the sample pressing process to stay impression.Have up and down thieving paper and the hygroscopic agent layer of every part of sample wrap up, guaranteed the homogeneity that sample is heated, dewaters, be conducive to the fixed preparation primary colors, thieving paper can prevent effectively that the graininess hygroscopic agent from forming scraggly rough surface at sample, and the graininess hygroscopic agent is conducive to breathe freely, distribute the moisture in the sample.Described B step baking temperature is set according to the temperature of baking tobacco leaves drying muscle stage dehydration, mainly is to make the vein in the leaf blade specimen dry.Described D step moisture regain is similar to the moisture regain of junior tobacco leaf, and thieving paper takes off together with sample, can avoid sample embrittlement.The fixation of the inventive method and baking, drying, moisture regain technological process are extremely similar, but maximum difference is the employing of hygroscopic agent and the selection of temperature.The sample of made need to be kept primary colors, can not adopt the temperature below 45 ℃, otherwise tobacco leaf is understood flavescence, chlorophyll is destroyed; Opposite baking tobacco leaves needs the temperature of (normally local environment temperature is 42 ℃) below 45 ℃, makes the tobacco leaf flavescence, promotes chlorophyllous degraded.Hygroscopic agent seals after resurrection usually, and is down to the fixation temperature and uses; The baking oven heating rate is than faster in the roasting procedure at this moment, and the temperature that generally will just reach fixation at 30 minutes to 1 hour is after sample enters, the color of quick fixed blade, cause the subsidiary reaction of change color to occur when reducing oven dry, only primary colors is kept in fast dehydration.During the sample moisture regain, the water content ranges of control sample is 8 ~ 10%, measures with moisture teller; When sample reaches this scope, stop the moisture regain, in time routinely or new method deposit sample, if sample many, have little time to deposit, single part of sample need to be seated in the sealing bag temporarily.
This shows, approach with baking although make the technological process of sample, extremely significant difference is arranged on the know-why.Baking is to promote macromolecular substances to transform, and preparation of specimen maintains the statusquo, stops Substance Transformation as far as possible.
Packing paper the present invention is on the basis of traditional Slide processing, utilize the characteristic of the quick suction of the reproducible hygroscopic agent in laboratory and the improvement technology of tobacco flue-curing, for the difference of tobacco leaf water cut, the difference of leaf age, the characteristics that the vein water cut is high, adopt active hygroscopic agent to cooperate suitable temperature jointly to dewater, realize quick fixation, kept the primary colors of sample; Mesophyll, vein divide temperature section dehydration, have solved mesophyll, the vein inconsistent technical barrier that dewaters, and have shortened 6 ~ 8 day time than the routine compacting; Room temperature moisture regain can equilibrium moisture, and water cut is controlled at 8% ~ 10%, prevents sample embrittlement, keeps the integrality of sample.
Packing paper the present invention is particularly suitable for the making of tobacco leaf primary colors herbarium, and is advantageous particularly to original-shape, the color of preserving the disease tobacco leaf, greatly improves scientific research value and the economy of sample.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of specimen of the sick leaf of tobacco vein necrotic plaque that forms take PVY virus is as example.
A, select the specimen holder than each long 1.0cm of sample length and width, with the smooth placement of specimen holder, 3 layers of place mat paper of lay, 3 layers of thieving paper, thickness are particle silica gel desiccant layer and 3 layers of thieving paper, afterwards lay l part sample and the shaping that 0.5cm brings back to life successively on it; Repave and place the 2nd part of sample after putting the particle silica gel desiccant layer that 3 ~ 5 layers of thieving paper, thickness are the resurrection of 1.0cm, 3 layers of thieving paper, mode stacks the 3rd part of sample more according to this, until the 5th part of sample, 3 layers of thieving paper of lay, thickness are the particle silica gel desiccant layer of the resurrection of 0.5cm, 3 layers of thieving paper, 3 layers of place mat paper successively afterwards, the specimen holder that closes at last, and whole the encircling;
B, place in 55 ℃ of constant temperature ovens fixation to process 15 hours the specimen holder that binds;
C, after the B step process, the constant temperature oven temperature is brought up to 60 ℃ of dry processing 4 hours;
D, the specimen holder after B, C step process is opened, sample is taken out together with the thieving paper of place mat up and down, place relative humidity to process 6 hours greater than moisture regain under 70% the room temperature environment, namely obtain described primary colors exsiccata.
Prepared sample adopted the method for moulding to deposit.
Embodiment 2
Make sample as example take the sick leaf of Alternaria alternate that the alternariosis fungal pathogens forms.
A, select the specimen holder than each long 1.5cm of sample length and width, with the smooth placement of specimen holder, 5 layers of place mat paper of lay, 5 layers of thieving paper, thickness are granular active carbon desiccant layer and 5 layers of thieving paper, afterwards lay l part sample and the shaping that 0.8cm brings back to life successively on it; Repave and place the 2nd part of sample after putting the granular active carbon desiccant layer that 5 layers of thieving paper, thickness are the resurrection of 1.6cm, 5 layers of thieving paper, mode stacks the 3rd part of sample more according to this, until the 8th part of sample, 5 layers of thieving paper of lay, thickness are the granular active carbon desiccant layer of the resurrection of 0.8cm, 5 layers of thieving paper, 5 layers of place mat paper successively afterwards, the specimen holder that closes at last, and whole the encircling;
B, place in 45 ℃ of constant temperature ovens fixation to process 16 hours the specimen holder that binds;
C, after the B step process, the constant temperature oven temperature is brought up to 55 ℃ of dry processing 6 hours;
D, the specimen holder after B, C step process is opened, sample is taken out together with the thieving paper of place mat up and down, place relative humidity to process 12 hours greater than moisture regain under 70% the room temperature environment, namely obtain described primary colors exsiccata.
Prepared sample adopts conventional mildew and insect proof Riker mount method to deposit.
Embodiment 3
Make sample as example take the sick leaf of wildfire that the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci pathogenetic bacteria forms.
A, select the specimen holder than each long 2.0cm of sample length and width, with the smooth placement of specimen holder, 4 layers of place mat paper of lay, 4 layers of thieving paper, thickness are graininess convex-concave rod stone ore thing desiccant layer and 4 layers of thieving paper, afterwards lay l part sample and the shaping that 0.7cm brings back to life successively on it; Repave and place the 2nd part of sample after putting the graininess convex-concave rod stone ore thing desiccant layer that 4 layers of thieving paper, thickness are the resurrection of 1.3cm, 4 layers of thieving paper, mode stacks the 3rd part of sample more according to this, until the 6th part of sample, 4 layers of thieving paper of lay, thickness are graininess convex-concave rod stone ore thing desiccant layer, 4 layers of thieving paper, 4 layers of place mat paper of the resurrection of 0.7cm successively afterwards, the specimen holder that closes at last, and whole the encircling;
B, place in 50 ℃ of constant temperature ovens fixation to process 16 hours the specimen holder that binds;
C, after the B step process, the constant temperature oven temperature is brought up to 55 ℃ of dry processing 3 hours;
D, the specimen holder after B, C step process is opened, sample is taken out together with the thieving paper of place mat up and down, place relative humidity to process 9 hours greater than moisture regain under 70% the room temperature environment, namely obtain described primary colors exsiccata.
Prepared sample adopts biological plasticized silica gel (Chinese invention patent ZL 96116980.X) embedding to deposit.
Embodiment 4
Make sample as example take the sick leaf of tobacco hickie type spot disease that bad climate causes.
A, select the specimen holder than each long 1.0cm of sample length and width, with the smooth placement of specimen holder, 3 layers of place mat paper of lay, 3 layers of thieving paper, thickness are graininess dried over mgso agent layer and 3 layers of thieving paper, afterwards lay l part sample and the shaping that 0.5cm brings back to life successively on it; Repave and place the 2nd part of sample after putting the graininess dried over mgso agent layer that 3 layers of thieving paper, thickness are the resurrection of 1.0cm, 3 layers of thieving paper, mode stacks the 3rd part of sample more according to this, 3 layers of thieving paper of lay, thickness are the graininess dried over mgso agent layer of the resurrection of 0.5cm, 3 layers of thieving paper, 3 layers of place mat paper successively afterwards, last lay specimen holder, and whole the encircling;
B, place in 45 ℃ of constant temperature ovens fixation to process 15 hours the specimen holder that binds;
C, after the B step process, the constant temperature oven temperature is brought up to 55 ℃ of dry processing 3 hours;
D, the specimen holder after B, C step process is opened, sample is taken out together with the thieving paper of place mat up and down, place relative humidity to process 10 hours greater than moisture regain under 70% the room temperature environment, namely obtain described primary colors exsiccata.
Described sample plasticizing (Chinese invention patent ZL 01107910.X) embedding is preserved.
Embodiment 5
After using, copper agent causes that the sick leaf making of Tobacco Leaf section necrotic plaque poisoning sample is as example.
A, select the specimen holder than each long 1.5cm of sample length and width, with the smooth placement of specimen holder, 4 layers of place mat paper of lay, 4 layers of thieving paper, thickness are granular calcium chloride layer and 4 layers of thieving paper, afterwards lay l part sample and the shaping of 0.6cm resurrection successively on it; Repave and place the 2nd part of sample after putting the granular calcium chloride layer that 4 layers of thieving paper, thickness are the resurrection of 1.6cm, 4 layers of thieving paper, mode stacks the 3rd part of sample more according to this, until the 10th part of sample, 4 layers of thieving paper of lay, thickness are the granular calcium chloride layer of the resurrection of 0.6cm, 4 layers of thieving paper, 4 layers of place mat paper successively afterwards, last lay specimen holder, and whole the encircling;
B, place in 52 ℃ of constant temperature ovens fixation to process 18 hours the specimen holder that binds;
C, after the B step process, the constant temperature oven temperature is brought up to 65 ℃ of dry processing 5 hours;
D, the specimen holder after B, C step process is opened, sample is taken out together with the thieving paper of place mat up and down, place relative humidity to process 11 hours greater than moisture regain under 70% the room temperature environment, namely obtain described primary colors exsiccata.
Prepared sample adopts polyester resin (Chinese utility model patent ZL 200920140004.4) embedding to deposit.
Embodiment 6
Make sample as example take the sick leaf that tobacco manganese element lacks.
A, select the specimen holder than each long 2.0cm of sample length and width, with the smooth placement of specimen holder, 5 layers of place mat paper of lay, 5 layers of thieving paper, thickness are alumina granules desiccant layer and 5 layers of thieving paper, afterwards lay l part sample and the shaping that 0.8cm brings back to life successively on it; Repave and place the 2nd part of sample after putting the alumina granules desiccant layer that 5 layers of thieving paper, thickness are the resurrection of 1.3cm, 5 layers of thieving paper, mode stacks the 3rd part of sample more according to this, until the 14th part of sample, 5 layers of thieving paper of lay, thickness are the alumina granules desiccant layer of the resurrection of 0.8cm, 5 layers of thieving paper, 5 layers of place mat paper successively afterwards, last lay specimen holder, and whole the encircling;
B, place in 55 ℃ of constant temperature ovens fixation to process 18 hours the specimen holder that binds;
C, after the B step process, the constant temperature oven temperature is brought up to 65 ℃ of dry processing 6 hours;
D, the specimen holder after B, C step process is opened, sample is taken out together with the thieving paper of place mat up and down, place relative humidity to process 8 hours greater than moisture regain under 70% the room temperature environment, namely obtain described primary colors exsiccata.
Prepared sample adopts polymethyl acrylate, and (Chinese invention patent, application number: 200910049222.1 publication number CN 101530073A) embedding is deposited.
Characteristics of the present invention:
1, preparation is quick, has shortened 6 ~ 8 days time than conventional pressing, and guarantor's look phase is long;
2, water cut is controlled at 8% ~ 10%, has prevented sample embrittlement, has kept the integrality of sample.
Claims (5)
1. the method for making of a tobacco leaf primary color exsiccata is characterized in that comprising typing, fixation, drying, moisture regain step, and is as follows:
A, typing: select the specimen holder than plane each long 1.0-2.0cm of two-dimension sizes of sample, open specimen holder and smooth placement, lay 3-5 layer place mat paper successively on it, 3-5 layer thieving paper, thickness is hygroscopic agent layer and the 3-5 layer thieving paper of 0.5-0.8cm, afterwards lay l part sample and shaping, repave and put 3-5 layer thieving paper, thickness is the hygroscopic agent layer of 1.0-1.6cm, place again the 2nd part of sample after the 3-5 layer thieving paper, mode stacks the 3rd part of sample more according to this, until n part sample, lay 3-5 layer thieving paper successively more afterwards, thickness is the hygroscopic agent layer of 0.5-0.8cm, 3-5 layer thieving paper, 3-5 layer place mat paper, the specimen holder that closes, and integral body is evenly tied up consolidation;
B, fixation: the specimen holder that will tie up places the interior fixation of 45-55 ℃ of constant temperature oven to process 15-18 hour;
C, drying: the sample after the fixation processing is placed the dry processing of 55-65 ℃ of constant temperature oven 3-6 hour;
D, moisture regain: open the dry specimen holder of processing, sample is together taken out together with the thieving paper of place mat up and down, place relative humidity to process 6-12 hour greater than moisture regain under 70% the room temperature environment, obtain the primary colors exsiccata.
2. the method for making of tobacco leaf primary color exsiccata according to claim 1 is characterized in that the hygroscopic agent in the described A step is in the particle silica gel that brings back to life, activated charcoal, convex-concave rod stone, magnesium sulphate, lime chloride, the alumina desiccant any.
3. the method for making of tobacco leaf primary color exsiccata according to claim 1 is characterized in that the place mat paper in the described A step is newspaper or toilet paper.
4. the method for making of tobacco leaf primary color exsiccata according to claim 1 is characterized in that the n part sample in the described A step is 5-8 part sample.
5. the method for making of tobacco leaf primary color exsiccata according to claim 1 is characterized in that the constant temperature oven in described B, the C step is the constant temperature convection oven.
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| CN103283718B (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2015-10-07 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of tobacco diseases Slide processing |
| CN106196890B (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2019-03-29 | 绍兴文理学院元培学院 | A kind of dry color-retention method of petal plane |
| CN106797936B (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2020-09-11 | 安徽科技学院 | Method for rapidly making dry leaf specimen of aquatic plant |
| CN108991095A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-12-14 | 江苏科恒环境科技有限公司 | A kind of high adaptive dry product processing technology |
| CN108849862A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-11-23 | 郑州百草文化传播有限公司 | A kind of plant plasticizing Slide processing |
| CN108925551A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-12-04 | 公安县中医医院 | A kind of method of microwave production plant specimen |
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| CA2011123A1 (en) * | 1989-03-17 | 1990-09-17 | Richard M. Henderson | Method of and apparatus for determining stem content of baled tobacco |
| CN1228747C (en) * | 2002-04-11 | 2005-11-23 | 新疆奥斯曼生物科技有限公司 | Snow lotus sample making process |
| CN201820388U (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2011-05-04 | 兰绍华 | Tobacco leaf grading specimen frame for teaching reference |
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