CN112212615A - Microwave vacuum-hot air sectional type drying method for pseudo-ginseng - Google Patents
Microwave vacuum-hot air sectional type drying method for pseudo-ginseng Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/10—Temperature; Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
- F26B25/14—Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction
- F26B25/18—Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction mainly open, e.g. dish, tray, pan, rack
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
- F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
- F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a microwave vacuum-hot air sectional type drying method for pseudo-ginseng, which belongs to the technical field of pseudo-ginseng drying and comprises the following steps: 1) preparation work in early drying stage of pseudo-ginseng: storing, cleaning and classifying; 2) measuring the initial wet basis water content of the pseudo-ginseng material; 3) setting drying conditions of a microwave vacuum dryer, and drying pseudo-ginseng similar materials by adopting an intermittent drying method under the conditions to reduce the moisture content of the pseudo-ginseng similar materials to the moisture content of a converted wet base; 4) drying the pseudo-ginseng similar material obtained in the step 3) again by adopting a hot air drying method, so that the moisture content of the pseudo-ginseng similar material is reduced to the final safe moisture content; the invention adopts microwave vacuum-hot air sectional combined drying, effectively shortens the drying time of the panax notoginseng, improves the drying speed, has high saponin content of the dried panax notoginseng finished product, and is safe and sanitary.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pseudo-ginseng drying, and particularly relates to a pseudo-ginseng microwave vacuum-hot air sectional type drying method.
Background
Pseudo-ginseng is one of the traditional rare Chinese medicinal materials in China and is also the first major variety of Chinese medicaments in China. Yunnan is the origin and main production area of pseudo-ginseng, more than 90% of pseudo-ginseng in China is produced from Yunnan, is the most distinctive and advantageous biological resource in Yunnan province, and the yield of the pseudo-ginseng in Yunnan is up to 4.5 ten thousand tons at present, and the application is very wide. The Notoginseng radix has effects of relieving pain, resisting anemia, preventing coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, angina pectoris, etc., enhancing immunity, and delaying aging.
In the actual production, the drying of the fresh pseudo-ginseng is mainly carried out by airing. According to the traditional process, the airing of the pseudo-ginseng is generally carried out together with the mud and the soil, and the pseudo-ginseng is recovered after the airing. The whole drying process is easily affected by weather, insects and microorganisms, so that the bioactive substances are reduced, the quality of the pseudo-ginseng is affected, and the drying time is long, generally 10-20 days. And a large amount of drying yards and roads are needed in the drying process, and a large amount of labor is also needed to be invested. If the hirer dries in the air, the cost is not small for the producer; the drying of the pseudo-ginseng through mechanical equipment such as a drying room and the like is a great trend, so that the drying time can be shortened, the sanitary condition can be improved, and the expenditure can be reduced. Wherein, the microwave vacuum drying technology is a high-efficiency energy-saving drying method which is developed rapidly in recent years and can well ensure the color and the quality of materials; the technology shortens the drying time, can realize low-temperature drying, and can better retain the aroma, color, nutritional ingredients and bioactive ingredients of the material due to the isolation of oxygen, thereby finally obtaining better drying quality. However, microwave drying is prone to cause a problem of poor drying uniformity.
Guo Hui et al have studied hot air drying methods of Notoginseng radix to draw the conclusion that hot air or oven drying can increase the total saponin content of Notoginseng radix, and at the same time, the total saponin content is reduced at lower or higher temperature. The application of microwave drying technology to the drying of panax notoginseng by using homomingju and the like shows that the content of saponin is obviously reduced. The reason for the above situation is analyzed: the saponin is easy to volatilize due to overhigh temperature or overlong drying time by adopting a hot air or oven drying mode; the problems that the internal temperature of the material is difficult to control and the drying uniformity is poor easily occur in microwave drying.
The effective components of the total saponins in the panax notoginseng are easy to volatilize when being dried for a long time, so that the content of the effective components of the panax notoginseng is reduced, and meanwhile, the problem of poor drying uniformity is easy to occur when microwave drying is adopted. Therefore, there is a need to provide a method for drying notoginseng, which can ensure the even drying of notoginseng and the content of total saponins in notoginseng is not reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the background art, the invention provides a microwave vacuum-hot air sectional type drying method for panax notoginseng, which can ensure that the panax notoginseng is uniformly dried and the content of total saponins in the panax notoginseng is not reduced.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the microwave vacuum-hot air sectional type drying method for the pseudo-ginseng comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation work in early drying stage of pseudo-ginseng: storing, cleaning, and classifying
Further, the pseudo-ginseng is newly harvested three-year-old pseudo-ginseng or pseudo-ginseng which is stored at low temperature after being harvested, wherein the low-temperature storage temperature is 2-5 ℃, and the storage time is not more than 1 month; before the pseudo-ginseng is subjected to microwave vacuum drying, the pseudo-ginseng is cleaned, the surface moisture is drained, the pseudo-ginseng is classified according to main roots, cut openings, lateral roots and fibrous roots, and the fibrous roots are removed.
(2) Determining the initial wet basis water content of the main root of pseudo-ginseng
Further, the specific method for measuring the initial wet basis water content of the pseudo-ginseng material comprises the following steps: weighing quantitative pseudo-ginseng materials from pseudo-ginseng materials to be dried, cutting the pseudo-ginseng materials into slices, putting the slices into an oven with a set temperature of 80 ℃, drying for 24 hours till the pseudo-ginseng slices are completely dried, taking out the pseudo-ginseng slices, weighing the pseudo-ginseng slices again, and calculating according to a formula, namely the wet basis water content of the pseudo-ginseng materials, wherein the mass of water contained in the pseudo-ginseng materials/(the mass of water contained in the pseudo-ginseng slices + the mass of dry substances contained in the pseudo-ginseng materials) is 100%.
(3) Setting drying conditions of a microwave vacuum dryer, and drying the pseudo-ginseng similar materials by adopting an intermittent drying method under the conditions to reduce the moisture content of the pseudo-ginseng similar materials to the moisture content of the converted moisture content.
The drying conditions of the microwave vacuum dryer are as follows: the power density of the dryer is 0.1-5W/g, and the absolute vacuum degree in the dryer is 0.1-20 kPa; the batch drying method comprises the following steps: placing the pseudo-ginseng similar materials obtained in the steps 1) and 2) on a material tray of the microwave vacuum dryer, obtaining an internal real temperature value, transmitting the internal real temperature value to a controller, and controlling the start and stop of the microwave vacuum dryer through upper and lower limits of the temperature value set by the controller; the upper and lower limit temperature values of the controller are respectively 35-80 ℃ and 15-60 ℃, and the upper and lower limit difference of the temperature values is 1-20 ℃; the moisture content of the converted wet base is 14-40%.
Furthermore, the method for obtaining the real internal temperature value of the pseudo-ginseng similar material comprises the following steps: selecting one of pseudo-ginseng similar materials on a material tray of the microwave vacuum dryer to punch and insert a fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensor; the fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensor is connected with the signal demodulator and the controller, and the controller is connected with the microwave vacuum dryer.
Furthermore, the power density of the dryer is 0.5-3W/g, and the absolute vacuum degree in the dryer is 1-10 kPa; the upper and lower limit temperature values of the controller are respectively 40-70 ℃ and 25-55 ℃, and the upper and lower limit difference of the temperature values is 10-15 ℃; the moisture content of the converted wet base is 14-30%.
The moisture content of the newly-harvested three-year-old pseudo-ginseng and similar materials has no obvious difference; the stored environmental conditions of the pseudo-ginseng similar materials stored at low temperature are the same, and the moisture content of the pseudo-ginseng similar materials does not have obvious difference. A horizontal or vertical rotary tray is arranged below a material tray in the microwave vacuum dryer, and the rotary tray drives the material tray to rotate, so that the drying process of the same batch of pseudo-ginseng similar materials is consistent.
(4) And (4) drying the pseudo-ginseng similar material obtained in the step (3) again by adopting a hot air drying method, so that the moisture content of pseudo-ginseng is reduced to the final safe moisture content.
Further, in the step (4), the hot air drying method is to use a common hot air dryer or a device with the same drying environment as the oven, and the pseudo-ginseng like material dried in the step (3) is dried again until the moisture content of the pseudo-ginseng like material is reduced to 13%; the drying temperature is 45-60 ℃, the drying wind speed is 0-3m/s, and the drying time is 0-80 h.
Further, the drying temperature in the step (4) is 50-55 ℃, the drying wind speed is 0-1.5m/s, and the drying time is 0-50h
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention applies the microwave vacuum drying technology to the drying of various pseudo-ginseng materials, directly transfers energy to the interior of the materials through microwaves to realize heating from inside to outside, is different from the prior oven type heating mode from outside to inside, and effectively controls the temperature rise through the vacuum environment and the intermittent drying mode, thereby realizing rapid drying and reducing the loss of effective components.
The method comprises the following steps of inserting a perforation position of a fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensor into the pseudo-ginseng material to obtain the real temperature, transmitting the real temperature to a controller through a signal demodulator, and controlling the start and stop of a microwave vacuum dryer through the upper and lower limits of the temperature value set by the controller: when the internal temperature of the pseudo-ginseng material in the dryer reaches the upper limit of the set temperature value, stopping the dryer, continuing vacuum drying when the internal temperature of the pseudo-ginseng material is higher than the boiling point, and evaporating water to absorb heat and reduce the temperature; when the internal temperature of the pseudo-ginseng material in the drying machine is reduced to the lower limit of the set temperature value, the drying machine is started to work, energy is transferred to the pseudo-ginseng material, and the pseudo-ginseng material absorbs the heat to be heated.
The volatilization of the saponin is mainly caused by long drying time and high drying temperature, the intermittent drying method can ensure that the panax notoginseng material is quickly dried in a set temperature value upper and lower limit interval, the drying temperature is not overhigh, simultaneously, the start and stop of the microwave drying function of the microwave vacuum dryer are controlled by the upper and lower limits of the temperature value set by the controller, the microwave drying time is not long, and the internal temperature is higher than the boiling point for vacuum drying. The aim of improving the saponin content is achieved, and the reduction of the saponin content caused by microwave non-uniformity in the later drying stage of microwave vacuum drying is avoided. The content of three saponins required by pharmacopeia of the obtained dry panax notoginseng material products measured by HPLC is about 10 percent, which proves that the process can reduce the loss of effective components in the drying process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a control flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below to facilitate understanding of the skilled person.
Example 1
A microwave vacuum-hot air sectional type drying method for pseudo-ginseng comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation work in early drying stage of pseudo-ginseng: selecting newly harvested three-year-old pseudo-ginseng, cleaning the pseudo-ginseng, draining the surface water, classifying the pseudo-ginseng according to main roots, cut openings, lateral roots and fibrous roots, and selecting the main roots of the pseudo-ginseng.
(2) Weighing 30 + -1 g of main root, slicing, placing into an oven with a set temperature of 80 deg.C, drying for 24 hr to completely dry, taking out Notoginseng radix slice, weighing again, and calculating to obtain wet basis water content of 61.24%.
(3) Microwave vacuum drying: weighing 100 +/-0.5 g of fresh panax notoginseng main roots, placing the fresh panax notoginseng main roots in a material tray of a drier, inserting a fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensor probe into one panax notoginseng main root, and closing a door of the drier; adjusting an air inlet valve, and setting the absolute vacuum degree to be 5 kPa; and adjusting the microwave power to be 100W, setting the power density to be 1W/g, setting the upper limit and the lower limit of temperature values to be 45 ℃ and 35 ℃, performing microwave vacuum drying, and finishing the drying until the moisture content of the converted wet base is 30%.
The punching position of the fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensor is inserted into the main root of the panax notoginseng to obtain the real temperature, and the real temperature is transmitted to the controller through the signal demodulator so as to control the start and stop of the microwave vacuum dryer through the upper and lower temperature value limits set by the controller: when the internal temperature of the panax notoginseng roots in the dryer reaches the upper limit of the set temperature value, stopping the dryer, continuing vacuum drying when the internal temperature of the panax notoginseng roots is higher than the boiling point, and evaporating water to absorb heat and reduce the temperature; when the internal temperature of the panax notoginseng roots in the dryer is reduced to the lower limit of the set temperature value, the dryer is started to work, energy is transferred to the panax notoginseng roots, and the panax notoginseng roots absorb the heat to be heated; the intermittent drying method can ensure that the main root of Notoginseng radix is rapidly dried within the interval of upper and lower limits of set temperature value, as shown in FIG. 1.
(4) Weighing Notoginseng radix main root, calculating wet base water content, and drying for 13.6 hr when the wet base water content of Notoginseng radix main root is reduced to 30 + -0.5% of the converted wet base water content. Turning off the microwave vacuum drier, taking out Notoginseng radix main root, and placing into oven for continuous drying.
(6) And (3) hot air drying: setting the temperature of the oven at 55 ℃, the air speed at 0.5m/s, stopping drying when the moisture content of the wet basis is reduced to 13 percent of the final safe moisture content of the wet basis, wherein the time is 45 hours, and the weight of the main root of the pseudo-ginseng is 44.5 g.
Example 2
A method for microwave vacuum-hot air sectional drying of pseudo-ginseng comprises the following steps:
step (1) is the same as in example 1.
In the step (2), the wet basis water content was calculated to be 61.24% in the same manner as in example 1.
The step (3) is the same as the step 1, the microwave power is 100W, the power density is 1W/g, the upper and lower limits of the temperature value are 55 and 45 ℃, the absolute vacuum degree is 5kPa, and the converted wet basis moisture content is 30 percent.
(4) Weighing Notoginseng radix main root, calculating wet base water content, and drying for 10.3 hr when the wet base water content of Notoginseng radix main root is reduced to 30 + -0.5% of the converted wet base water content. Turning off the microwave vacuum drier, taking out Notoginseng radix main root, and placing into oven for continuous drying.
(5) And (3) hot air drying: setting the temperature of the oven at 55 ℃, the air speed at 0.5m/s, stopping drying when the moisture content of the wet basis is reduced to 13 percent of the final safe moisture content of the wet basis, wherein the time is 79h, and the weight of the main root of the pseudo-ginseng is 44.5 g.
Example 3
A method for microwave vacuum-hot air sectional drying of panax notoginseng roots comprises the following steps:
step (1) is the same as in example 1.
In the step (2), the wet basis water content was calculated to be 61.24% in the same manner as in example 1.
The step (3) is the same as the embodiment 1, the microwave power is 100W, the power density is 1W/g, the temperature value upper and lower limits are 50 and 40 ℃, the absolute vacuum degree is 1kPa, and the converted wet basis moisture content is 30 percent.
(4) Weighing Notoginseng radix main root, calculating wet base water content, and drying for 6.5 hr when the wet base water content of Notoginseng radix main root is reduced to 30 + -0.5% of the converted wet base water content. Turning off the microwave vacuum drier, taking out Notoginseng radix main root, and placing into oven for continuous drying.
(5) And (3) hot air drying: setting the temperature of the oven at 55 ℃, the air speed at 0.6m/s, stopping drying when the moisture content of the wet base is reduced to 13 percent of the final safe moisture content of the wet base, wherein the time is 17 hours, and the weight of the pseudo-ginseng is 44.5 g.
Embodiment 4 a method for microwave vacuum-hot air staged drying of notoginseng, comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation work in early drying stage of pseudo-ginseng: selecting newly harvested three-year-old pseudo-ginseng, cleaning the pseudo-ginseng, draining surface water, classifying the pseudo-ginseng according to main roots, cut openings, lateral roots and fibrous roots, and selecting pseudo-ginseng cut openings.
(2) Weighing 30 +/-1 g of cut, cutting into slices, putting the slices into an oven with the set temperature of 80 ℃, drying for 24 hours till the slices are completely dried, taking out the cut slices, weighing again, and calculating to obtain the moisture content of the wet basis of 77.86%.
(3) Microwave vacuum drying: weighing 100 +/-0.5 g of fresh pseudo-ginseng snips, placing the fresh pseudo-ginseng snips in a material tray of a drier, inserting a fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensor probe into the pseudo-ginseng snips, and closing a door of the drier; adjusting an air inlet valve, and setting the absolute vacuum degree to be 5 kPa; adjusting the power density to 75W, setting the upper limit and the lower limit of the temperature value to 50 ℃ and 40 ℃ at the power density of 0.75W/g, performing microwave vacuum drying, and finishing the drying until the moisture content of the converted wet base is 20%.
(4) When the moisture content of the cut pseudo-ginseng wet base is reduced to 20 +/-0.5% of the moisture content of the converted wet base, the drying time is 13 hours. Turning off the microwave vacuum device, taking out the cut of Notoginseng radix, and placing in oven for continuous drying.
(6) And (3) hot air drying: setting the temperature of the oven at 55 deg.C and the air speed at 0.5m/s, and stopping drying when the cut weight of Notoginseng radix reaches 25.4g, wherein the time is 8 h. At this time, the final wet basis water content was 13%.
Comparative example 1
The method for drying the panax notoginseng main root by hot air comprises the following steps:
(1) early preparation: selecting fresh or stored radix Notoginseng to ensure no mildew; cleaning, draining, classifying, and selecting Notoginseng radix main root.
(2) Weighing 40 + -1 g of main root, slicing, placing into an oven with a set temperature of 80 deg.C, drying for 24 hr to completely dry, taking out Notoginseng radix slice, weighing again, and calculating to obtain wet basis water content of 61.24%.
(3) And (3) hot air drying: weighing 100 + -0.5 g fresh Notoginseng radix main root, placing into oven, setting oven temperature at 55 deg.C and air speed at 0.5m/s, and stopping drying when Notoginseng radix weight reaches 44.4g for 132 hr.
Comparative example 2
The microwave vacuum drying of the cut pseudo-ginseng comprises the following steps:
(1) early preparation: selecting fresh or stored radix Notoginseng to ensure no mildew; cleaning, draining, classifying, and selecting Notoginseng radix cut.
(2) Weighing 30 +/-1 g of cut, cutting into slices, putting the slices into an oven with the set temperature of 80 ℃, drying for 24 hours till the slices are completely dried, taking out the cut slices, weighing again, and calculating to obtain the moisture content of the wet basis of 76.91%.
(3) Microwave vacuum drying: weighing 100 +/-0.5 g of fresh pseudo-ginseng snips, placing the fresh pseudo-ginseng snips in a material tray of a drier, inserting a fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensor probe into the pseudo-ginseng snips, and closing a door of the drier; adjusting an air inlet valve, and setting the vacuum degree to be 3 kPa; and adjusting the microwave power to 75W, setting the power density to 0.75W/g, setting the upper limit and the lower limit of the temperature value to 50 ℃ and 40 ℃, performing microwave vacuum drying, and finishing drying until the final safe moisture content of the wet base is 12%.
(4) When the moisture content of the cut pseudo-ginseng wet base is reduced to 12 +/-0.2% of the final safe moisture content of the wet base, the cut pseudo-ginseng is 26.23g in weight, and the drying time is 13.7 hours. And (5) closing the microwave vacuum device, taking out the materials, and finishing drying.
The drying time and the saponin content of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 2 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 drying time and Saponin content for examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3
As can be seen from Table 1, the microwave vacuum-hot air sectional drying method used in the invention can significantly shorten the drying time and reduce the saponin content loss, which is much higher than that of the Rb of Panax notoginseng related to the 2015 version of Chinese pharmacopoeia1+Rg1+R1Requirement 5%.
Examples 1-3 adopt the method of this application to dry radix Notoginseng, the drying time is obviously lower than the time used in comparative example 1, and ginsenoside Rg1 content accounts for the proportion, ginsenoside Rb1 content accounts for the proportion, notoginsenoside R1 content accounts for the proportion and saponin total content accounts for the proportion and is obviously higher than in comparative example 1 in examples 1-3, prove that using the method of this application can not only raise the efficiency of drying radix Notoginseng, can guarantee the content of active ingredient of radix Notoginseng at the same time, raise the medicinal value of radix Notoginseng.
The content of the ginsenoside Rg1 in the example 4 is obviously higher than that in the comparative example 2, and the drying time of the example 4 is also obviously lower than that of the comparative example 2, which also shows that the method of the application not only can improve the efficiency of drying the pseudo-ginseng, but also can ensure the content of the effective components of the pseudo-ginseng and improve the medicinal value of the pseudo-ginseng.
The above description is only an example of the present invention but not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A microwave vacuum-hot air sectional type drying method for pseudo-ginseng is characterized in that: the pseudo-ginseng microwave vacuum-hot air sectional type drying method comprises the following steps: 1) preparation work in early drying stage of pseudo-ginseng: storing, cleaning and classifying; 2) measuring the initial wet basis water content of the pseudo-ginseng material; 3) setting drying conditions of a microwave vacuum dryer, and drying pseudo-ginseng similar materials by adopting an intermittent drying method under the conditions to reduce the moisture content of the pseudo-ginseng similar materials to the moisture content of a converted wet base; 4) and (3) drying the pseudo-ginseng similar materials obtained in the step (3) again by adopting a hot air drying method, so that the moisture content of the pseudo-ginseng similar materials is reduced to the final safe moisture content.
2. The microwave vacuum-hot air sectional drying method for pseudo-ginseng according to claim 1, wherein: the drying conditions of the microwave vacuum dryer are as follows: the power density of the dryer is 0.1-5W/g, and the absolute vacuum degree in the dryer is 0.1-20 kPa; the batch drying method comprises the following steps: placing the pseudo-ginseng similar materials obtained in the steps 1) and 2) on a material tray of the microwave vacuum dryer, obtaining an internal real temperature value, transmitting the internal real temperature value to a controller, and controlling the start and stop of the microwave vacuum dryer through upper and lower limits of the temperature value set by the controller; the upper and lower limit temperature values of the controller are respectively 35-80 ℃ and 15-60 ℃, and the upper and lower limit difference of the temperature values is 1-20 ℃; the moisture content of the converted wet base is 14-40%.
3. The microwave vacuum-hot air sectional drying method for pseudo-ginseng according to claim 2, wherein: the method for acquiring the real internal temperature value of the pseudo-ginseng similar material comprises the following steps: selecting one of pseudo-ginseng similar materials on a material tray of the microwave vacuum dryer to punch and insert a fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensor; the fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensor is connected with the signal demodulator and the controller, and the controller is connected with the microwave vacuum dryer.
4. The microwave vacuum-hot air sectional drying method for pseudo-ginseng according to claim 3, wherein: the power density of the dryer is 0.5-3W/g, and the absolute vacuum degree in the dryer is 1-10 kPa; the upper and lower limit temperature values of the controller are respectively 40-70 ℃ and 25-55 ℃, and the upper and lower limit difference of the temperature values is 10-15 ℃; the moisture content of the converted wet base is 14-30%.
5. The microwave vacuum-hot air sectional drying method for panax notoginseng according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: in the step 1), the pseudo-ginseng is newly harvested three-year-old pseudo-ginseng or pseudo-ginseng which is stored at low temperature after being harvested, wherein the low-temperature storage temperature is 2-5 ℃, and the storage time is not more than 1 month; before the pseudo-ginseng material is subjected to microwave vacuum drying, the pseudo-ginseng is cleaned, the surface moisture is drained, the pseudo-ginseng is classified according to main roots, cut openings, lateral roots and fibrous roots, and the fibrous roots are removed.
6. The microwave vacuum-hot air sectional drying method for pseudo-ginseng according to claim 5, wherein: in the step 2), the specific method for measuring the initial wet basis moisture content of the pseudo-ginseng material comprises the following steps: weighing a certain amount of pseudo-ginseng material from pseudo-ginseng materials to be dried, cutting into slices, putting into an oven with a set temperature of 80 ℃, drying for 24h till the pseudo-ginseng slices are completely dried, taking out the pseudo-ginseng slices, weighing again, and calculating according to a formula wet basis water content = mass of water contained in the materials/(mass of water contained in the materials + mass of dry substances contained in the materials) × 100%, thereby obtaining the wet basis water content.
7. The microwave vacuum-hot air sectional drying method for pseudo-ginseng according to claim 6, wherein: in the step 4), the hot air drying method is to use a common hot air dryer or a device with the same drying environment as the drying environment in the oven to re-dry the pseudo-ginseng similar material dried in the step 3) until the final moisture content of the pseudo-ginseng similar material is reduced to 13% of the final safe moisture content of the pseudo-ginseng similar material; the drying temperature is 45-60 ℃, the drying wind speed is 0-3m/s, and the drying time is 0-80 h.
8. The microwave vacuum-hot air sectional drying method for pseudo-ginseng according to claim 7, wherein: the drying temperature is 50-55 ℃, the drying wind speed is 0-1.5m/s, and the drying time is 0-50 h.
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