CN110692626B - Dry plant specimen and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant specimen processing, in particular to a dry plant specimen and a preparation method thereof, wherein a solid specimen mainly adopts a colloidal substance to replace resin which is not environment-friendly and is not light-resistant in the prior art as an embedding agent, the embedding agent is carrageenan, chitosan, aloe gel, cane sugar, jelly powder, an aloe extract and potassium sorbate, and the embedding agent is added with an antibacterial agent, the aloe extract and the potassium sorbate are matched for sealing and ultraviolet sterilization, so that the sterilization effect can be effectively achieved; according to the characteristic that dry plants are low in water content and easy to be tinged with colloid, the inventor uses a self-made protection solution for soaking, can play a good anti-tingling effect, and the inside of the whole sealed specimen forms a vacuum sterile state, can effectively protect the specimen plants and can also play a role in resisting photoaging.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of plant specimen processing, in particular to a dry plant specimen and a preparation method thereof.
[ background of the invention ]
The original color undisturbed specimen of the plant plays an important role in the plant research of botany, also has important value in aspects such as specimen display, exhibition and artistic appreciation, etc., at present, the solid embedding of the plant mainly adopts resin to embed, for example, Chinese patent CN 109085028A "manufacturing method of cured specimen of citrus leaf disease" the method adopts epoxy resin and curing agent to embed; the resin has strong curing capability and low cost, and becomes the mainstream of embedding the plant specimen, but the resin is easy to change color and become brittle under the irradiation of sunlight, most of the plant specimens embedded by the resin at present are required to be not placed outdoors for display, or cannot be irradiated by the sunlight, and are required to be dried and stored in dark, which brings great inconvenience to the display of the plant specimen, and the resin material is not environment-friendly, therefore, the resin material is necessary to be researched and developed aiming at the solid specimen, an embedding material which can adapt to the environment with normal temperature, normal light and normal humidity is produced, the dry plant specimen can be embedded, and the plant color loss can not be caused; at present, in the research process, the applicant finds that the phenomenon of opening of the outer surface of a plant can occur when a dry plant specimen is directly embedded by colloid for a long time, and the appearance of the plant is seriously influenced; for this reason, how to overcome the phenomenon that the surface of the dry plant is stunned is also a technical problem to be solved by the application.
[ summary of the invention ]
In view of the above, there is a need to develop a solid specimen, which can be used to produce an embedding material that can adapt to normal temperature, normal light and normal humidity environment, and can embed dry plant specimens, and at the same time, the phenomenon that the plant loses color and the pigment components in the plant are separated out by the embedding material to cause the color shading on the outer surface of the plant is avoided, and the appearance quality of the plant can be protected safely and environmentally.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a dry plant specimen is a solid specimen and is prepared by embedding dry plants in a solid embedding medium after the dry plants are treated by a protective solution.
Further, the solid protection solution is prepared by mixing sucrose, chitosan, honey and water according to the mass ratio of 1-3:2-5:1: 20.
Further, the solid embedding medium is prepared from the following components: the aloe gel consists of carrageenan, chitosan, aloe gel, sucrose, jelly powder, aloe extract and potassium sorbate according to the mass ratio of 3-6:1:3-6:1:3-6:1: 1.
The present invention also includes a method of preparing a dry plant specimen, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) selecting dried plants with the water content of 3% -5%, dipping ethanol with the volume percentage of 75% by using cotton balls to wipe the surfaces of the plants;
(2) weighing sucrose, chitosan, honey and water according to a mass ratio, and uniformly mixing to prepare a protective solution; then, soaking the dried plants in the step (1) in a protective solution for 24-26 h;
(3) weighing the embedding agent components according to the mass ratio, and then mixing the embedding agent components according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:3, measuring an aqueous solution, adding carrageenan, chitosan, aloe gel, sucrose and jelly powder into water, fully stirring, heating to boil, continuing to heat for 10min, then cooling to 70-75 ℃, continuing to heat at constant temperature until the solution becomes viscous, and then adding an aloe extract and potassium sorbate, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain an embedding agent solution;
(4) taking the plant in the protective solution in the step (2) out of the protective solution, and draining;
(5) pouring the embedding agent solution obtained in the step (3) into a specimen container, pouring 1/3-1/2 with the volume being the specimen container, directly putting the drained plants into the embedding agent, then pouring the embedding agent solution until the whole container is filled, then sealing the specimen container, and putting the whole container under an ultraviolet lamp for irradiation until the temperature is cooled to room temperature;
(6) after cooling to room temperature, filling glue in the seams of the specimen container, and then putting the specimen container into a refrigerating chamber of a refrigerator for refrigerating for 24-26 h; and taking out the specimen container, and filling glue water at the joint of the specimen container to obtain the dry plant specimen.
Further, the wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp in the step (5) is 100nm-300 nm.
The embedded dry plant is the caulis spatholobi dry tablet.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the application's solid specimen mainly adopts colloidal substance to replace not environmental protection among the prior art, not resin of light resistance as the embedding agent, and the preferred food level of embedding agent glues specifically to be: carrageenan, aloe vera gel and jelly powder; in our study of the preparation of specimens using a colloid-substituted resin, it was found that: the colloid is soft, and although the colloid is not easy to be aged by light, the adopted colloid is food-grade colloid which contains a plurality of nutrients available for microorganisms, and if the mixture ratio is not good, the mildew phenomenon can occur, so that the plant appearance is influenced; the inventor also adds aloe extract and potassium sorbate with antibacterial effect; in order to improve the absorption wave band and diffuse reflection effect of the embedding agent on illumination, chitosan and cane sugar are added to the embedding agent for proportioning to prepare the components of the embedding agent; in the research, the inventor finds that when the dry plant is put into a colloid, partial substances, particularly pigments, are separated out by the colloid due to low water content of the dry plant, and are dissolved in the colloid, so that the dyeing is faint, the appearance of the plant is seriously influenced, therefore, the inventor prepares a protective solution, the liquid component is prepared from cane sugar, chitosan, honey and water according to a certain proportion, the main component is sugar, and after the dry plant is soaked by the protective solution, the water content of the dry plant is improved, and a protective film can be formed on the surface of the plant to protect the effective components of the plant, so that the effective components cannot be penetrated by the colloid component; can play a good role in preventing halation and protect the appearance of plants. The aloe extract and the potassium sorbate with the bactericidal effect are added into the colloidal substance, so that the antibacterial property of the specimen can be improved, and the harm of microorganisms to the plant specimen is reduced; the inventor carries out aging observation on a plant specimen exposed under a UVB lamp condition, and finds that the ultraviolet lamp cannot play a sterilization role with the increase of time, so that mildew spots are generated on the surface of the specimen with incomplete mixture ratio, and therefore, the applicant adds the ultraviolet lamp as an embedding agent and can effectively play an antibacterial effect; protecting the specimen plants and maintaining the original color and state of the specimen plants; certainly, the inventor still needs to seal when preparing the sample, carries out ultraviolet sterilization after sealing, more effectively plays the bactericidal effect, makes the inside vacuum sterile state that forms of sample, can effectively protect the sample plant.
2. This application adopts two segmentations to seal when sealing, scribbles glue earlier, scribbles glue again after cold-stored, utilizes the difference in temperature to make glue paste more firmly, can be fine play sealed effect.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a sample diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) is merely an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless explicitly described as such.
Example 1:
the dried plant selected in the embodiment is caulis spatholobi dried tablet; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting dried caulis Spatholobi slices with water content of 3%, and wiping plant surface with 75% ethanol dipped with cotton ball;
(2) weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio of sucrose to chitosan to honey to water of 1:2:1:20, and uniformly mixing to prepare a protective solution; then, soaking the dried plants in the step (1) in a protective solution for 24 hours;
(3) weighing embedding agent components (200 g in total) according to the mass ratio of carrageenan, chitosan, aloe gel, sucrose, jelly powder, aloe extract and potassium sorbate of 3:1:3:1:1, and then mixing the embedding agent components according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:3, measuring an aqueous solution (namely 600mL of the aqueous solution), adding carrageenan, chitosan, aloe gel, sucrose and jelly powder into water, fully stirring, heating to boil, continuing to heat for 10min, cooling to 70 ℃, continuing to heat at constant temperature until the solution becomes viscous, then adding an aloe extract and potassium sorbate, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain an embedding agent solution;
(4) taking out the dried spatholobus stem slices in the protective solution in the step (2), and draining;
(5) pouring the embedding agent solution obtained in the step (3) into a specimen container, pouring 1/3 with the volume being the specimen container, directly putting the drained caulis spatholobi dry slices into the embedding agent, then pouring the embedding agent solution until the whole container is filled, then sealing the specimen container, and putting the whole container under an ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 100nm for irradiation until the container is cooled to room temperature;
(6) after cooling to room temperature, filling glue in the seams of the specimen container, and then putting the specimen container into a refrigerating chamber of a refrigerator for refrigerating for 24-26 h; and taking out the specimen container, and filling glue water at the joint of the specimen container to obtain the dry plant specimen.
Example 2:
the dried plant selected in the embodiment is caulis spatholobi dried tablet; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting dried caulis Spatholobi slices with water content of 5%, and wiping plant surface with 75% ethanol dipped with cotton ball;
(2) weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio of sucrose to chitosan to honey to water of 3:5:1:20, and uniformly mixing to prepare a protective solution; then, soaking the dried plants in the step (1) in a protection solution for 26 hours;
(3) weighing embedding agent components (200 g in total) according to the mass ratio of carrageenan, chitosan, aloe gel, sucrose, jelly powder, aloe extract and potassium sorbate of 6:1:6:1:1, and then mixing the embedding agent components according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:3, measuring an aqueous solution (namely 600mL of the aqueous solution), adding carrageenan, chitosan, aloe gel, sucrose and jelly powder into water, fully stirring, heating to boil, continuing to heat for 10min, cooling to 70 ℃, continuing to heat at constant temperature until the solution becomes viscous, then adding an aloe extract and potassium sorbate, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain an embedding agent solution;
(4) taking out the dried spatholobus stem slices in the protective solution in the step (2), and draining;
(5) pouring the embedding agent solution obtained in the step (3) into a specimen container, pouring 1/2 with the volume being the specimen container, directly putting the drained caulis spatholobi dry slices into the embedding agent, then pouring the embedding agent solution until the whole container is filled, then sealing the specimen container, and putting the whole container under an ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 300nm for irradiation until the container is cooled to room temperature;
(6) after cooling to room temperature, filling glue in the seams of the specimen container, and then putting the specimen container into a refrigerating chamber of a refrigerator for refrigerating for 26 hours; and taking out the specimen container, and filling glue water at the joint of the specimen container to obtain the dry plant specimen.
Example 3:
the dried plant selected in the embodiment is caulis spatholobi dried tablet; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting dried caulis Spatholobi slices with water content of 4%, and wiping plant surface with 75% ethanol dipped with cotton ball;
(2) weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio of sucrose to chitosan to honey to water of 2:3:1:20, and uniformly mixing to prepare a protective solution; then, soaking the dried plants in the step (1) in a protective solution for 25 hours;
(3) weighing embedding medium components (200 g in total) according to the mass ratio of carrageenan, chitosan, aloe gel, sucrose, jelly powder, aloe extract and potassium sorbate of 5:1:4:1:5:1:1, and then mixing the embedding medium components according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:3, measuring an aqueous solution (namely 600mL of the aqueous solution), adding carrageenan, chitosan, aloe gel, sucrose and jelly powder into water, fully stirring, heating to boil, continuing to heat for 10min, cooling to 70 ℃, continuing to heat at constant temperature until the solution becomes viscous, then adding an aloe extract and potassium sorbate, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain an embedding agent solution;
(4) taking out the dried spatholobus stem slices in the protective solution in the step (2), and draining;
(5) pouring the embedding agent solution obtained in the step (3) into a specimen container, pouring 1/3 with the volume being the specimen container, directly putting the drained caulis spatholobi dry slices into the embedding agent, then pouring the embedding agent solution until the whole container is filled, then sealing the specimen container, and putting the whole container under an ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 200nm for irradiation until the container is cooled to room temperature;
(6) after cooling to room temperature, filling glue in the seams of the specimen container, and then putting the specimen container into a refrigerating chamber of a refrigerator for refrigerating for 25 h; and taking out the specimen container, and filling glue water at the joint of the specimen container to obtain the dry plant specimen.
The jelly powders of examples 1-3 were all purchased from the market under the brand name: the collected tea aroma specification is 1000 g/bag.
The extraction method of aloe vera extract of examples 1-3 was: grinding aloe, mixing with 75% ethanol according to a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:2, leaching for 48h, and filtering; then mixing the filter residue with 75% ethanol in a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1, and leaching for 24 h; mixing the filtrates, concentrating by rotary evaporation, and removing ethanol to obtain Aloe extract.
1. Study of protective capacities of protective solutions:
experimental groups: preparing a plant specimen by adopting the method of example 1, but not sealing the cover, namely filling the container with the embedding medium, then not sealing the container, opening the cover, directly placing the container into an aging box for light irradiation after the embedding medium is condensed;
control group 1: the method of the control group 1 is the same as that of the experimental group, except that the dried caulis Spatholobi tablets are not soaked in the protective solution;
control group 2: the control group 2 was prepared in the same manner as the experimental group except that the protective solution had the following composition: mixing chitosan, honey and water at a mass ratio of 2:1: 20;
control group 3: the control group 3 was prepared in the same manner as the experimental group except that the protective solution had the following composition: mixing sucrose, honey and water at a mass ratio of 1:1: 20;
control group 4: the control group 4 was prepared in the same manner as the experimental group except that the protective solution had the following composition: mixing sucrose, chitosan and water according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 20;
control group 5: the control group 5 was identical to the experimental group except that the embedding agent was selected: epoxy resin (total 200 g); meanwhile, the dry tablet is not soaked in the protective solution.
And (3) CK group: the dry plants are directly placed in an aging oven for illumination after being wiped by alcohol cotton balls.
The lighting condition of the aging box is set as follows: the UVB lamp continuously irradiates at 400nm without interruption;
observing the shapes and color senses of the embedding agent surface and the specimen plants after 2h, 24h, 48h, 120h and 240h of irradiation, wherein the specific conditions are shown in a table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the above table, the specimens of the experimental group have no obvious changes in form and color sensation during the experimental period; specimens of the control group 1 showed faint staining for 24 hours; the specimens of the control groups 2 to 4 have a faint staining phenomenon at 48 hours; specimens of the control group 5 showed halation at 240 h; the time of the faint staining phenomenon of the control group 1 is earlier than that of the control group 5, which indicates that the specimen without the protective solution is more likely to have the faint staining phenomenon in the colloid than in the resin; the protective liquid can reduce the phenomenon that the colloid permeates into the interior of the dry sheet to separate out pigment and reduce the occurrence of halation; the sample surface of the control group 1 has no color change, while the control group 5 has yellowing phenomenon in 120h, which shows that the colloid embedding agent has good anti-photoaging effect; the control groups 2-3 showed faint staining at 48 h; the experimental group did not appear; the fact that the protective liquid has no essential components and has no reagent can influence the anti-corona and anti-dyeing effects of the protective liquid is shown.
2. Light resistance study:
experimental groups: preparing a plant specimen by adopting the method of example 1, but not sealing the cover, namely filling the container with the embedding medium, then not sealing the container, opening the cover, directly placing the container into an aging box for light irradiation after the embedding medium is condensed;
control group a: the control group A was performed in the same manner as the experimental group, except that the embedding medium used in the same day 'a fresh plant specimen and its preparation method' was prepared according to the formulation of example 1: namely, the embedding agent is prepared by mixing carrageenan, pectin, aloe gel, aloe polysaccharide, jelly powder, aloe extract and potassium sorbate according to the mass ratio of 2:2:2:1:3:1: 1;
control group B: the method of the control group B is the same as that of the experimental group, except that the embedding agent is prepared by mixing carrageenan, chitosan, aloe gel, sucrose and jelly powder potassium according to the mass ratio of 3:1:3:1: 3;
control group C: the method of the control group C is the same as that of the experimental group, except that the embedding agent is prepared by mixing chitosan, sucrose, jelly powder, aloe extract and potassium sorbate according to the mass ratio of 1:1:3:1: 1;
control group D: the control group D was prepared by mixing chitosan, sucrose, aloe extract and potassium sorbate at a mass ratio of 1:1:1: 1;
control group E: the control group E was performed in the same manner as the experimental group, except that the embedding agent was selected: epoxy resin (total 200 g); and simultaneously soaking the dry tablets by using the protective solution.
And (3) CK group: the dry plants are directly placed in an aging oven for illumination after being wiped by alcohol cotton balls.
The lighting condition of the aging box is set as follows: the UVB lamp continuously irradiates at 400nm without interruption;
observing the shapes and color senses of the embedding agent surface and the specimen plants after 2h, 24h, 48h, 120h and 240h of irradiation, wherein the specific conditions are shown in a table 2:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the above table, the specimens of the experimental group have no obvious changes in form and color sensation during the experimental period; the color of the dry plate of the specimen of the control group A darkens within 48 hours, which indicates that different embedding medium components have different influences on the embedded plants inside, so that the sensitivity of the plants to light is different, and the photoaging phenomenon of the preserved plants can be caused; the specimens of the control group B appeared dark in dry color at 120h and plaque at 240 h; the embedding agent has a good light-resistant effect and can play an antibacterial effect compared with the suberect spatholobus stem; the specimen of the control group C has a phenomenon that the color of the dry plate becomes dark in 48h, which indicates that the light resistance of the embedding medium component is not enough; the embedding medium of control group D was not able to coagulate, indicating that what plays a role in coagulation in the embedding medium components in the present application is: carrageenan, aloe vera gel and jelly powder; the control group E plant dry slices have no halation phenomenon, but the specimens turn yellow in 120h and the color of the dry slices is deepened; the yellowing was powdery and darker in color at 240h, indicating that the resin material was less resistant to photoaging than the colloidal material of the present application.
FIG. 1 is a drawing of a dried slice specimen of caulis Spatholobi, which is prepared by the preparation method of example 2 of the present invention, and it can be seen from the drawing that the specimen has clear outline, good appearance and true color.
In conclusion, the embedding agent combination has strong light aging resistance, and the protective liquid is matched with the embedding agent combination to reduce the mutual permeation between dry slice substances and the embedding agent, so that the appearance of the traditional Chinese medicine dry slices is better protected, and the method for embedding the dry plant specimens is environment-friendly, safe, light-resistant and capable of effectively keeping the original shape of the plant.
The above examples are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A method of preparing a dry plant specimen, wherein the plant specimen is a solid specimen, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) selecting dried plants with the water content of 3% -5%, dipping ethanol with the volume percentage of 75% by using cotton balls to wipe the surfaces of the plants;
(2) mixing sucrose, chitosan, honey and water at a mass ratio of 1-3:2-5:1:20 to obtain a protective solution; then, soaking the dried plants in the step (1) in a protective solution for 24-26 h;
(3) weighing the components of the embedding agent according to the mass ratio of carrageenan, chitosan, aloe gel, sucrose, jelly powder, aloe extract and potassium sorbate of 3-6:1:3-6:1:1, and then mixing the components according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:3, measuring an aqueous solution, adding carrageenan, chitosan, aloe gel, sucrose and jelly powder into water, fully stirring, heating to boil, continuing to heat for 10min, then cooling to 70-75 ℃, continuing to heat at constant temperature until the solution becomes viscous, and then adding an aloe extract and potassium sorbate, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain an embedding agent solution;
(4) taking the plant in the protective solution in the step (2) out of the protective solution, and draining;
(5) pouring the embedding agent solution obtained in the step (3) into a specimen container, pouring 1/3-1/2 with the volume being the specimen container, directly putting the drained plants into the embedding agent, then pouring the embedding agent solution until the whole container is filled, then sealing the specimen container, and putting the whole container under an ultraviolet lamp for irradiation until the temperature is cooled to room temperature;
(6) after cooling to room temperature, filling glue in the seams of the specimen container, and then putting the specimen container into a refrigerating chamber of a refrigerator for refrigerating for 24-26 h; taking out and then filling glue water at the joint of the specimen container to obtain a dry plant specimen;
the plant is caulis Spatholobi dry tablet.
2. The method of preparing a dry plant specimen according to claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet lamp of step (5) has a wavelength of 100nm to 300 nm.
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