CN103493801B - Method for preparing herbarium specimens - Google Patents
Method for preparing herbarium specimens Download PDFInfo
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- CN103493801B CN103493801B CN201310429752.5A CN201310429752A CN103493801B CN 103493801 B CN103493801 B CN 103493801B CN 201310429752 A CN201310429752 A CN 201310429752A CN 103493801 B CN103493801 B CN 103493801B
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- specimens
- herbal medicine
- chinese herbal
- sample
- water
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- JFJZZMVDLULRGK-URLMMPGGSA-O tubocurarine Chemical compound C([C@H]1[N+](C)(C)CCC=2C=C(C(=C(OC3=CC=C(C=C3)C[C@H]3C=4C=C(C(=CC=4CCN3C)OC)O3)C=21)O)OC)C1=CC=C(O)C3=C1 JFJZZMVDLULRGK-URLMMPGGSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing herbarium specimens. The method comprises the following steps: (1) collecting plant specimens and routinely preprocessing the specimens; (2) preparing a Chinese herbal medicine solution; (3) scalding the preprocessed fresh specimens in the Chinese herbal medicine solution under 10-100 DEG C for 1 second to 10 minutes; (4) drying the scalded specimens in air or absorbing all water from the scalded specimens, and flatly pressing in a specimen clip; (5) carrying out low-temperature airing treatment on the prepared specimens for 5-160 hours at the temperature of 5-20 DEG C. According to the method, the Chinese herbal medicine solution is directly utilized to scald the fresh plant specimens, has very good effects of killing bacteria and insects and preventing molds, and can be used for killing insect eggs and spores attached to the surfaces of plants to ensure that the plants are relatively bright in color. In addition, the low-temperature airing treatment can ensure that the plants can keep the original color and are prevented from being mildewed, so that the specimens can be stored for a relatively long time by using the method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to herbarium and make field, specifically a kind of preparation method of exsiccata.
Background technology
Exsiccata, also known as squeeze preparation, is the one of drying herbarium.Exsiccata, it is great for plant classification work meaning.Latter half in 16th century plant classification to develop rapidly in sizable degree be facilitated by this new technology of exsiccata.The sample picking up from different regions can be checked during exsiccata makes botanist at all seasons.Some large Herbariums often collect the exsiccata of more than 1,000,000 parts at present, and botanist is engaged in by means of these samples and describes and qualification.To gather with the length of tape leaf branch of the plant of flower, fruit, or whole strain plant corpus that is wounded in the battle or fruit, through flattening in specimen holder, after drying, filling and being attached on platform paper, exsiccata.
What exsiccata needed to solve in manufacturing process is the insect protected of sample, mildew-resistant, anticorrosion, protect the problems such as look.Tradition exsiccata makes and in store method, the medicine that uses is the chemical reagent such as carbolic acid, formalin mostly, there is certain potential safety hazard, and the time of natural air drying is longer.
Up to now, Chinese patent (application number CN200410011050) discloses one " preparation method of plant leaf specimen ".Chinese patent (application number CN90210953) discloses " transparent filmed plant wax leaf specimen with primary color ".These two kinds invention focus on overlay film, by the sample on platform paper and photo transparent press mold plastics two sides press mold, herbarium thickness with by film laminator for degree, press mold makes permanent preparation, in press mold process, press mold temperature reaches 150-200 degree Celsius, and can become extinct worm's ovum.Chinese patent (application number CN201110330787) discloses " a kind of manufacturing method for liquid film closed type plant primary-color herbarium specimens ".This invention is the know-why utilizing paint film forming, is sprayed at by varnish on exsiccata, and make sample surface adhesion, parcel one deck paint film, namely dry specimen surface completes the sealer of exsiccata.Chinese patent (application number CN201110209776) discloses " a kind of preparation method of tobacco leaf primary color exsiccata ".A kind of tobacco leaf primary color exsiccata preparation method that the method provides comprises the steps such as sizing, fixation, drying, moisture regain, sizing mainly takes blotting paper, hygroscopic agent, blotting paper, sample to be stacked in successively in specimen holder, stacks n layer (preferably 5 ~ 8 layers) sample in this way successively; Constant temperature fixation 15 ~ 18 hours under 45 ~ 55 DEG C of environment again; Freeze-day with constant temperature 3 ~ 6 hours under 55 ~ 65 DEG C of environment; To coexist the process 6 ~ 12 hours that to get damp again under relative moisture is greater than the room temperature environment of 70% together with blotting paper and sample one, obtain primary colors exsiccata.The method is particularly suitable for tobacco leaf primary colors herbarium and makes.Chinese patent (application number CN90109901) discloses " fast pressing approach for obtaining plant herbarium with original colours ".This invention relates to the new method that fresh plant preparation of specimen waxed plant leaves sample directly pasted by a kind of latex, and through collect specimen, make a collection of specimens fresh-keeping temporary, fixing and compacting, dry Four processes process.Chinese patent (application number CN85105503) discloses " altrasonic method for waxed plant leaves specimen ".Impact active somatic cell with ultrasonic solution, make moisture be easy to extrusion and blot.Sample is placed in ultrasonic cleaner (add water in tank groove high 2/3), according to the quality size of sample, can process with 100 to 500 watts of different power, selection of time scope, from half a minute to half an hour, takes out sample row compacting again.Chinese patent (application number CN201120414989) discloses " a kind of herbarium exhibiting device ".One " with micro-wave oven quick Fabrication exsiccata " method published by the biology circular of the 35th volume the 10th phase in 2000.Utilize microwave to have the characteristic quick Fabrication exsiccata of rapid draing, killing ova, sample is folded into definite shape on request, notice that the same face should have the tow sides of leaf.Press from both sides furring tile on show, according to thickness and the number of plies of the thickness difference adjustment ceramic tile of cauline leaf, press and scrape and then sample is placed in micro-wave oven together with ceramic tile, put desiccant around.With the fiery rapid draing 13min of height, take out rapidly, be placed on stand that blotting paper dries in the air.Can be fixed-type with paper of appearing on the stage after changing a blotting paper.
Above the deficiencies in the prior art part is:
1, all can not meet the requirement protecting look and mildew-resistant in method disclosed in above-mentioned patent and document simultaneously." a kind of preparation method of tobacco leaf primary color exsiccata " (application number CN201110209776) although invention guarantor look in do very well, the method is relatively short of in mildew-resistant, and selection has limitation.
2, the problem that ubiquity Making programme is loaded down with trivial details.
3, high to the requirement for environmental conditions in manufacturing process.
4, all there is the defect that operating space is restricted in the method for " with micro-wave oven quick Fabrication exsiccata " and the disclosed Slide processing of " altrasonic method for waxed plant leaves specimen " (application number CN85105503).
5, varnish is employed in " a kind of manufacturing method for liquid film closed type plant primary-color herbarium specimens " (application number CN201110330787), employing latex in " fast pressing approach for obtaining plant herbarium with original colours " (application number CN90109901), all there is safety problem in above chemical products.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of can effectively insect protected, anti-mildew, the preparation method of exsiccata of protecting look.
The preparation method of exsiccata of the present invention comprises the steps:
1) herborization sample, carries out conventional pretreatment by sample.
2) following raw material is adopted to prepare Chinese herbal medicine fluid:
2.1, take raw material by following weight portion to soak with water respectively, soak time is 6 ~ 12 hours:
Honeysuckle 6.0-8.0 part; Tarragon 10.0-15.0 part; Root bark of tree peony 10.0-14.0 part; Chinese prickly ash 5.0-10.0 part; Coptis 2.0-8.0 part; Cassia bark 4.0-6.0 part; Almond 8.0-12.0 part;
2.2, honeysuckle, tarragon, the root bark of tree peony, Chinese prickly ash, the coptis, cassia bark, almond to be added water decocting liquid respectively, amount of water is respectively 10 ~ 20 times of crude drug weight, and the decocting liquid time is respectively 20 ~ 40 minutes, and decocting liquid is poured out preservation; Add the water with amount again, decoct the same time, decoct three times altogether.
2.3,5 ~ 10 times amount of water content to crude drug gross weight are concentrated into after being merged by decocting liquid, i.e. obtained Chinese herbal medicine fluid;
3) process 1 second ~ 10 minutes is scalded in the Chinese herbal medicine fluid leaching being placed in 10-100 DEG C through pretreated fresh specimens;
4) dry through soaking the boiling hot sample processed or after blotting paper suck dry moisture, put into specimen holder and flatten;
5) the above-mentioned sample made is carried out 5 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C low-temperature air-drying process, the processing time is 5-160 hour.
Above-mentioned steps 2) described Chinese herbal medicine fluid formula in, honeysuckle is caprifoliaceae plant, get its dry flower, containing volatile oil, cyanidenon, inositol, flavonoids, inositol, saponin(e, tannin, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid etc., there is the effects such as antibacterial, antiviral, non-oxidizability; Tarragon be feverfew Chinese mugwort dried leaves, containing volatile oil, volatile oil is the important component of wormwood sterilization, can antibacterium, fungi, desinsection; The root bark of tree peony is the dry root skin of Ranunculaceae Paeonia plant tree peony, containing paeonolide, paeonol, Paeoniflorin, hydroxypaeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin and benzoyl hydroxypaeoniflorin, volatilization wet goods, has the effects such as inhibiting bacteria and diminishing inflammation; Chinese prickly ash is rutaceae, has warming middle energizer to relieve pain, the function of killing parasites to relieve itshing, can prevent plant pest; The coptis is the dry rhizome of Ranunculaceae coptis plant cloud company, the triangle leaf coptis, the coptis, containing multiple isoquinoline alkaloid, still containing coptisine, worenine, palmatine, chlorogenic acid etc., there is antibacterial action, to staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus, pneumococcus, there is obvious inhibitory action; Cassia bark is the dry bark of Lauraceae cinnamon Chinese cassia tree, containing phellandrene, Eugenol, methyleugenol etc., can sterilization, antibacterial, and pre-preventing germs infection; Almond is the mature seed of rose family cherry apricot, prunus mandshuricaKoehne, Siberia apricot, ansu apricot, containing amarogentin, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid, tetradecanoic acid, palmitoleic acid and gadoleic acid; Energy expelling parasite, sterilization.
Above-mentioned steps 3) in fresh specimens is placed in Chinese herbal medicine fluid leaching when scalding process, actual temp and the leaching of Chinese herbal medicine fluid are scalded the concrete time sighting target constitutionally of process and determine.
The present invention adopts Chinese herbal medicine formula to soak boiling hot and low-temperature air-drying technical finesse making sample, its characteristic is that in the present invention, each Chinese herbal medicine all has very strong sterilization and disinsection and mildew-proof function, can kill the worm's ovum and spore that are attached to plant surface, vegetation color is also vivider.Low-temperature air-drying process also can make plant keep primary colors to prevent from going mouldy in addition, therefore uses the present invention to make exsiccata and Saving specimen can be made more permanent.Compared with traditional exsiccata manufacturing technology, the present invention's not only scientific formulation, new technology but also there is sterilization, desinsection, anticorrosion, mildew-resistant, guarantor's look, composition natural environmental-protective, safety non-toxic, the features such as persistent is effective.
Embodiment
In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, be described further the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, this embodiment, only for explaining the present invention, not forming scope and limiting.
Embodiment 1
1) herborization sample, carries out conventional finishings such as pruning, clean by sample
2) preparation of Chinese herbal medicine fluid: extracting honeysuckle 6.0 parts; Tarragon 10.0 parts; The root bark of tree peony 10.0 parts; 5.0 parts, Chinese prickly ash; The coptis 2.0 parts; 4.0 parts, cassia bark; 8.0 parts, almond.
3) added water respectively by above-mentioned raw materials and soak, amount of water is respectively the weight of 10 times of crude drugs, and soak time is respectively 6 hours.
4) soaked rear decoction, the decocting liquid time is respectively 20 minutes, and decoction liquor is poured out preservation; Add the water with amount again, decoct the same time, decoct three times altogether.
5) 5 times that water content is medicinal material weight are concentrated into after decoction liquor being merged.
6) fresh specimens after conventional treatment is placed in the Chinese herbal medicine fluid leaching of boiling and scalds process 12 seconds.
7) scalding after the sample that processed dries through soaking, sample being placed in specimen holder and flattening.
8) the above-mentioned sample made is carried out low temperature (5 DEG C ~ 8 DEG C) air-dry process, the processing time is 10 hours.
Embodiment 2
1) herborization sample, carries out conventional finishings such as pruning, clean by sample.
2) preparation of Chinese herbal medicine fluid: extracting honeysuckle 7.0 parts; Tarragon 12.0 parts; The root bark of tree peony 12.0 parts; 8.0 parts, Chinese prickly ash; The coptis 5.0 parts; 5.0 parts, cassia bark; 10.0 parts, almond.
3) added water respectively by above-mentioned raw materials and soak, amount of water is respectively 15 times of crude drug weight, and soak time is respectively 9 hours.
4) soaked rear decoction, decocting time is respectively 30 minutes, and decoction liquor is poured out preservation; Add the water with amount again, decoct the same time, decoct three times altogether.
5) 10 times that water content is medicinal material weight are concentrated into after being merged by decocting liquid.
6) exsiccata making step is with embodiment 1, and the sample made carries out low temperature (5 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C) air-dry process, and the processing time is 80 hours
Embodiment 3
1) herborization sample, carries out conventional finishings such as pruning, clean by sample.
2) preparation of Chinese herbal medicine fluid: extracting honeysuckle 8.0 parts; Tarragon 15.0 parts; The root bark of tree peony 14.0 parts; 10.0 parts, Chinese prickly ash; The coptis 8.0 parts; 6.0 parts, cassia bark; 12.0 parts, almond.
3) added water respectively by above-mentioned raw materials and soak, amount of water is respectively 20 times of medicinal material weight, and soak time is respectively 12 hours.
4) soaked rear decoction, decocting time is respectively 40 minutes.Decoction liquor is poured out preservation; Add the water with amount again, decoct the same time, decoct three times altogether.
5) 15 times that water content is medicinal material weight are concentrated into after decoction liquor being merged.
6) exsiccata making step is with embodiment 1, and the sample made carries out low temperature (5 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C) air-dry process, and the processing time is 150 hours
For verifying anti-mold effect of the present invention, gather 6 parts of fresh plant samples, wherein experimental group 3 parts (being numbered A, B, C) Chinese herbal medicine liquid handling makes exsiccata, control group 3 parts (numbering D, E, F) conventionally makes exsiccata.Above-mentioned 6 increment product are hung on (temperature is 30 DEG C, and relative moisture is 93%) in climatic chamber, observe sample surface mildew every day and generate situation.Result shows, experimental group does not observe the formation of mildew.The present invention can prevent exsiccata from going mouldy (see table 1).
Table 1 mildew-resistant experimental result
In table 1, "-" represents that specimen surface is invisible to the naked eye mycelia, for not having mildew."+" represents that specimen surface naked eyes only see rare mycelia, does not have mildew." ++ " represents that specimen surface has more mycelia, occurs obvious mildew.
Effect of color protection detects carries out anti-oxidant experiment in conjunction with DPPH method, and result shows, the Scavenging activity of Chinese herbal medicine fluid to DPPH free radical of mixing is high, as embodiment 2 reaches 84.66%.
Claims (1)
1. a preparation method for exsiccata, its feature is being carried out as follows:
1) herborization sample, carries out conventional pretreatment by sample;
2) following raw material is adopted to prepare Chinese herbal medicine fluid:
2.1, take raw material by following weight portion to soak with water respectively, soak time is 6 ~ 12 hours:
Honeysuckle 6.0-8.0 part; Tarragon 10.0-15.0 part; Root bark of tree peony 10.0-14.0 part; Chinese prickly ash 5.0-10.0 part; Coptis 2.0-8.0 part; Cassia bark 4.0-6.0 part; Almond 8.0-12.0 part;
2.2, respectively by above-mentioned honeysuckle, tarragon, the root bark of tree peony, Chinese prickly ash, the coptis, cassia bark, almond boiling, amount of water is respectively 8 ~ 20 times of crude drug weight, and decocting time is respectively 20 ~ 40 minutes, and decocting liquid is poured out preservation; Add the water with amount again, decoct the same time, decoct three times altogether;
2.3,5 ~ 10 times amount of water content to crude drug gross weight are concentrated into after being merged by above-mentioned whole decocting liquid, i.e. obtained Chinese herbal medicine fluid;
3) process 1 second ~ 10 minutes is scalded in the Chinese herbal medicine fluid leaching being placed in 10-100 DEG C through pretreated fresh specimens;
4) dry through soaking the boiling hot sample processed or after blotting paper suck dry moisture, put into specimen holder and flatten;
5) the above-mentioned sample made is carried out 5 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C low-temperature air-drying process, the processing time is 5-160 hour.
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| CN108162663A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-06-15 | 葫芦庐（天津）文化传播有限公司 | A kind of production method of cucurbit plant relief painting |
| CN109090439A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-12-28 | 涂世红 | A kind of immortality moss color stabilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110432262B (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-06-08 | 浙江海洋大学 | Preparation and preservation method of plant cured leaf specimen |
| CN111183976A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-05-22 | 江苏省中医药研究院 | Preparation method for preparing wax leaf specimen by using refrigeration pressurization method |
| CN113367125A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-09-10 | 中农实创(北京)环境工程技术有限公司 | Fresh-keeping nutrient solution for fresh cut flowers of roses |
| CN113439741B (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2022-04-12 | 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 | Preparation method of primary color soaked specimen of snake mushroom |
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