CN113826651B - Plant-derived preparation capable of preventing and treating rust disease of rhizoma bletillae and preparation method of plant-derived preparation - Google Patents
Plant-derived preparation capable of preventing and treating rust disease of rhizoma bletillae and preparation method of plant-derived preparation Download PDFInfo
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- CN113826651B CN113826651B CN202110954200.0A CN202110954200A CN113826651B CN 113826651 B CN113826651 B CN 113826651B CN 202110954200 A CN202110954200 A CN 202110954200A CN 113826651 B CN113826651 B CN 113826651B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/36—Rutaceae [Rue family], e.g. lime, orange, lemon, corktree or pricklyash
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- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plant source preparation for preventing and treating rust diseases of bletilla striata and a preparation method thereof, wherein the rust disease preventing and treating agent takes Chinese medicinal material phellodendron bark as a raw material and pure water as a solvent, and is prepared by the steps of placing more than or equal to 50g of phellodendron bark which is aired again and has consistent size in more than or equal to 1 liter of water, soaking, performing water bath ultrasonic auxiliary extraction, boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire, standing to room temperature, and performing suction filtration to obtain more than or equal to 50g/L of filtrate of phellodendron bark extract, namely the plant source preparation for preventing and treating rust diseases of bletilla striata provided by the invention. The invention has the characteristics of easily obtained raw materials, simple preparation process, short preparation time and the like. The rust disease control agent disclosed by the invention is easy to adsorb on the surfaces of the leaves of the bletilla striata, has the advantages of good absorption effect of the bletilla striata, strong drug effect stability, greenness, no pollution, no residue and no ecological toxicity, has the white and rust disease control effect as high as 92.15%, has the disease incidence and disease index of the bletilla striata of only 17.68% and 3.99, can effectively inhibit the occurrence of the rust disease of the bletilla striata, and plays a good role in controlling the rust disease of the bletilla striata.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of prevention and treatment of diseases of rhizoma bletillae, and particularly relates to a plant source preparation for prevention and treatment of rust disease of rhizoma bletillae and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Bletilla striata (thunb.) reichb.f.) is a perennial herb of the genus bletilla of the family orchidaceae, administered as a dry tuber. The common bletilla pseudobulb is slightly cold in nature and bitter, sweet and astringent in taste, and has the effects of stopping bleeding, astringing, relieving swelling and promoting tissue regeneration. Besides, the bletilla striata is widely applied to industries such as food, chemical engineering and the like, and has excellent ornamental value. With the further expansion of the development and utilization of bletilla striata in the market, bletilla striata wild resources are difficult to meet the increasing demand, so that the artificially planted bletilla striata is developed in a large area.
With the continuous expansion of the planting area of the bletilla striata, the types and the damage degree of the diseases of the bletilla striata become more serious. Especially, the rust of the bletilla striata caused by the rust fungi belongs to a multi-cycle disease, the rust fungi have huge reproductive capacity and the characteristic of being capable of being re-infected for many times, and thousands of summer spores can be released after one mature summer spore pile breaks through the epidermis of a host, so the rust diseases have the characteristics of wide occurrence and quick transmission. The rust fungi mainly damage the leaves of the bletilla striata, generate a large amount of spore piles on the leaves of the bletilla striata, often break the epidermis of the leaves of the bletilla striata, and increase the water evaporation of plants to cause the death of pathogenic plants. Since 2016, the bletilla striata is planted in many places in Guizhou, rust disease occurs in a large area, the yield and ornamental value of the bletilla striata are seriously threatened, and the sustainable green development of the bletilla striata industry is seriously hindered.
At present, the prevention and treatment of the rust disease of the bletilla striata are mainly based on chemical prevention and treatment means. Common rust prevention and control agents for common bletilla striata mainly comprise triadimefon, myclobutanil, difenoconazole, kresoxim-methyl and the like. The chemical control agent is frequently used for a long time, pathogenic bacteria can generate drug resistance, the control effect is reduced year by year, and meanwhile, the problems of pesticide residue exceeding standards, environmental pollution and the like can be caused by excessive use of the chemical control agent. The plant source preparation is an effective way for preventing and controlling crop diseases, and has the characteristics of no pesticide residue, long pesticide effect and the like.
Many plants contain bactericidal active substances, and plant extracts have broad prospects as control agents. Phellodendron bark, cortex Phellodendri, a commonly used Chinese medicine, contains berberine, phellodendrine and other chemical components, has the functions of bacteriostasis, anti-inflammation and the like, and is mainly produced in Guizhou, sichuan and other places. At present, no relevant content related to the prevention and control of plant-derived preparations such as plant extracts related to the rust disease of the common bletilla pseudobulb is found, and the application of the golden cypress to the prevention and control of the rust disease of the common bletilla pseudobulb is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a plant source preparation for preventing and treating bletilla striata rust disease and a preparation method thereof, and solves the problems of ecological pollution and harmful residues caused by poor prevention and treatment effect of the bletilla striata rust disease and excessive use of chemical agents.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a plant source preparation for preventing and treating bletilla striata rust disease comprises the following raw materials: the cortex phellodendri and purified water are prepared by the following specific steps:
s1, airing: placing cortex Phellodendri in a dustpan, spreading out uniformly, and air drying;
s2, splitting: cutting the aired golden cypress into small blocks with the thickness of 5 mm, the width of 1 cm and the length of 1 cm;
s3, mixing; weighing a small phellodendron bark block of more than or equal to 50g, placing the small phellodendron bark block in a beaker, then accurately weighing purified water of more than or equal to 1L by using a measuring cylinder, and pouring the purified water into the beaker to obtain a mixed solution of the phellodendron bark and water, wherein the concentration of the mixed solution is more than or equal to 50 g/L:
s4, soaking: standing a mixed solution of the phellodendron and water with the concentration of more than or equal to 50g/L for 1 to 2 hours, and fully soaking the phellodendron;
s5, ultrasonic extraction: placing the beaker containing the mixed solution of the golden cypress and the water into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, and carrying out water bath ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 30 minutes;
s6, high-temperature extraction: pouring the mixed solution of the phellodendron amurense and water after ultrasonic processing into a casserole, heating on open fire, boiling with big fire, boiling for 3-5 minutes, turning to small fire, continuing to slowly boil with small fire for about 30 minutes, turning off the fire source to obtain an phellodendron amurense leaching solution, pouring the phellodendron amurense leaching solution into a common container, and standing to room temperature;
s7, suction filtration: and (3) carrying out suction filtration on the phellodendron extract which is kept standing to room temperature and has the concentration of more than or equal to 50g/L at a suction filtration device, and obtaining filtrate for later use after suction filtration.
Further, the concentration of the phellodendron amurense leaching liquor is more than or equal to 50g/L. The practical use concentration of the phellodendron extract is reasonably prepared according to the attack time and the disease degree of rust.
Further, the selection of the phellodendron bark is carried out according to the following criteria, namely, the phellodendron bark is plate-shaped, brown on the outer surface, flat, visible skin hole marks and residual dark brown rough skin, dark yellow on the inner surface, fine longitudinal ribs, light weight, hard texture, fibrous cross section, split layer, dark yellow, slight smell, extremely bitter taste and sticky taste when being chewed.
Furthermore, the earthen pot is a pot body made of pottery clay, and the pot body has the characteristics of good air permeability, good heat preservation, health, environmental protection and the like.
Further, the suction filtration device comprises a vacuum pump (vacuum pressure-91 kpa, air suction speed 120L/min), a suction flask (1 liter suction flask +100 mm Buchner funnel) and a 0.45um microporous filter membrane.
Furthermore, the golden cypress leaching liquor is bright yellow in color, has obvious bitter taste, is oily when being soaked in liquid, and has the characteristics of stickiness, smoothness and the like when being soaked in hands.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The raw material phellodendron bark is easy to obtain, has low cost, is easy to adsorb on the surface of the leaf of the bletilla striata, has good absorption effect of the bletilla striata and strong stability of the drug effect, and is green, pollution-free, residue-free and eco-toxic.
(2) The preparation method of the control agent has the advantages of simple preparation process, short preparation time and the like.
(3) The bletilla striata rust disease control agent provided by the invention has a white rust disease control effect as high as 92.15%, and the morbidity and disease index are only 17.68% and 3.99. The bletilla striata rust inhibitor can effectively inhibit the occurrence rate of the bletilla striata rust, plays a good role in preventing and controlling the bletilla striata rust, promotes the healthy growth and development of the bletilla striata, thereby improving the yield of the bletilla striata and having better popularization value.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A plant source preparation for preventing and treating bletilla striata rust disease comprises the following raw materials: the cortex phellodendri and purified water are prepared by the following specific steps:
s1, airing: placing the golden cypress in a dustpan, uniformly spreading the golden cypress, and airing the golden cypress;
s2, splitting: cutting the aired golden cypress into small blocks with the thickness of 5 mm, the width of 1 cm and the length of 1 cm;
s3, mixing: weighing 50g of small phellodendron bark blocks, placing the small phellodendron bark blocks in a beaker, then accurately weighing 1L of purified water by using a measuring cylinder, and pouring the purified water into the beaker to obtain a mixed solution of the phellodendron bark and water, wherein the mixed solution has the concentration of more than or equal to 50 g/L:
s4, soaking: standing the mixed solution of 50g/L of phellodendron and water for 1.5 hours, and fully soaking the phellodendron;
s5, ultrasonic extraction: placing the beaker containing the mixed solution of the golden cypress and the water in an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, and carrying out water bath ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 30 minutes;
s6, high-temperature extraction: pouring the mixed solution of the phellodendron amurense and water after ultrasonic processing into a marmite, heating the mixture on open fire, boiling the mixture on big fire, turning to small fire after boiling for 3 to 5 minutes, continuing to slowly boil the mixture on small fire for about 30 minutes, then turning off a fire source to obtain phellodendron amurense leaching solution, pouring the phellodendron amurense leaching solution into a common container, and standing the phellodendron amurense leaching solution to room temperature;
s7, suction filtration: and (3) carrying out suction filtration on the phellodendron extract liquid which is kept stand to room temperature and has the concentration of 50g/L at a suction filtration device, and obtaining filtrate for later use after suction filtration.
Preferably, the concentration of the phellodendron amurense leaching liquor is 50g/L.
Preferably, the cortex Phellodendri is selected according to the following criteria, i.e. cortex Phellodendri is plate-shaped, brown on the outer surface, flat, visible skin pore marks and residual dark brown coarse skin, dark yellow on the inner surface, fine longitudinal ribs, light weight, hard texture, fibrous cross section, split lamellar, dark yellow, slight smell, extremely bitter taste and sticky taste when being chewed.
Preferably, the earthen pot is a pottery pot body made of pottery clay, and the pot body has the characteristics of good air permeability, good heat preservation, health, environmental protection and the like.
Preferably, the suction filtration device comprises a vacuum pump (vacuum pressure-91 kpa, air suction speed 120L/min), a filter flask (1 liter filter flask +100 mm Buchner funnel) and a 0.45um microporous filter membrane.
Preferably, the golden cypress leaching liquor is bright yellow in color, has obvious bitter taste, is oily when being liquid, and has the characteristics of stickiness, smoothness when being stained with hands and the like.
The technical scheme and the using effect of the invention will be further explained by combining the specific example data.
In a botanical garden in Guizhou province, bletilla striata with the same growth vigor is selected, 15 experimental districts with the area of 1.44 square meters are arranged, blank control, 50g/L phellodendron leaf leaching liquor, 50g/L phellodendron leaching liquor (without boiling process) and less than or equal to 25g/L phellodendron leaching liquor (with boiling process) are used as control groups, the plant source preparation is used as a test group, and each experimental group is arranged for 3 times of repetition. Placing each leaching solution in a sprinkling can, and spraying on the front and back of rhizoma bletilla leaf, wherein the usage amount of each cell is 160ml, wherein the blank control is sprayed with purified water, and the field management of each experimental group is unified in the period. Spraying operation is carried out once every other week from 4 months and 30 days, and 9 spraying operations are carried out in total. The control effect of the common bletilla pseudobulb rust disease of each experimental group is counted and recorded at 25 days in 6 months and 13 days in 7 months, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the table above, the plant source preparation provided by the invention has good effects on prevention and control of white rust and rust diseases, the prevention and control capability is relatively remarkable, the prevention and control effect in the table 1 is as high as 92.15%, the prevention and control effect is remarkably higher than that of a control group, the morbidity and the disease index are only 17.68% and 3.99%, and the prevention and control effect is also remarkably lower than that of the control group.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still make modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions and improvements to part of the technical features of the foregoing embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The application of the plant source preparation in preventing and treating the rust disease of the common bletilla pseudobulb is characterized in that: the plant source preparation comprises the following raw materials: the cortex phellodendri and purified water are prepared by the following specific steps:
s1, airing: placing the golden cypress in a dustpan, uniformly spreading the golden cypress, and airing the golden cypress;
s2, segmentation: cutting the aired golden cypress into small blocks with the thickness of 5 mm, the width of 1 cm and the length of 1 cm;
s3, mixing: weighing a small phellodendron bark block of more than or equal to 50g, placing the small phellodendron bark block in a beaker, then accurately weighing purified water of more than or equal to 1L by using a measuring cylinder, and pouring the purified water into the beaker to obtain a mixed solution of the phellodendron bark and water, wherein the concentration of the mixed solution is more than or equal to 50 g/L:
s4, soaking: standing a mixed solution of phellodendron and water with the concentration of more than or equal to 50g/L for 1 to 2 hours, and fully soaking the phellodendron;
s5, ultrasonic extraction: placing the beaker containing the mixed solution of the golden cypress and the water in an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, and carrying out water bath ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 30 minutes;
s6, high-temperature extraction: pouring the mixed solution of the phellodendron amurense and water after ultrasonic processing into a casserole, heating on open fire, boiling with big fire, boiling for 3-5 minutes, turning to small fire, continuing to slowly boil with small fire for about 30 minutes, turning off the fire source to obtain an phellodendron amurense leaching solution, pouring the phellodendron amurense leaching solution into a common container, and standing to room temperature;
s7, suction filtration: carrying out suction filtration on the phellodendron extract which is kept standing to room temperature and has the concentration of more than or equal to 50g/L at a suction filtration device, and obtaining filtrate for later use after suction filtration;
the selection of the phellodendron is carried out according to the following criteria, namely, the phellodendron is plate-shaped, has brown and flat outer surface, can see skin hole marks and residual dark brown rough skin, has dark yellow inner surface, fine longitudinal ribs, light weight, hard texture, fibrous cross section, flaky layering, dark yellow color, slight smell, extremely bitter taste and stickiness after being chewed; the suction filtration device comprises a vacuum pump, a suction filtration bottle and a 0.45um microporous filter membrane, wherein the vacuum pressure of the vacuum pump is-91 kpa, and the air suction speed is 120L/min; the filter flask included a 1 liter filter flask and a 100mm buchner funnel.
2. The use of the plant-derived preparation according to claim 1 for controlling bletilla striata rust disease, characterized in that: the earthenware pot is a pottery pot body made of pottery clay.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101889591A (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2010-11-24 | 黑龙江大学 | Phellodendron essential oil for inhibiting plant pathogens and preparation method thereof |
| CN105831111A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-08-10 | 北京联合大学 | Suspension used for preventing and controlling rust rot, and preparation method thereof |
| CN112715561A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-30 | 湖南农业大学 | Compound with synergistic effect on shenqinmycin, composition and application thereof |
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- 2021-08-19 CN CN202110954200.0A patent/CN113826651B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101889591A (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2010-11-24 | 黑龙江大学 | Phellodendron essential oil for inhibiting plant pathogens and preparation method thereof |
| CN105831111A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-08-10 | 北京联合大学 | Suspension used for preventing and controlling rust rot, and preparation method thereof |
| CN112715561A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-30 | 湖南农业大学 | Compound with synergistic effect on shenqinmycin, composition and application thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| HPLC法测定黄柏不同粉碎度水煎液中盐酸小檗碱的含量;王茜，王丹丹，王建，罗凤娟;《中药与临床》;20120725;18,19 * |
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