CN104430583B - A kind of composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract and preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract and preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN104430583B CN104430583B CN201410699211.9A CN201410699211A CN104430583B CN 104430583 B CN104430583 B CN 104430583B CN 201410699211 A CN201410699211 A CN 201410699211A CN 104430583 B CN104430583 B CN 104430583B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, and its active component is formed by the crude drug extraction of following parts by weight：0.5~3.5 part of cloves, 0.5~10 part of the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree, its preventive effect in preventing and treating powdery mildew and gray mold are notable.Raw material sources of the present invention are extensive and are plant, cost is cheap, without any chemical agent, to people, animal low toxicity, it is environmentally friendly, the powdery mildew and gray mold on fruit tree, vegetables and flowers can be prevented and treated, there is very big application and popularization value in organic crops and green crop plantation, be novel non-pollution bactericide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract and preparation method and application, belong to
Pesticide field.
Background technology
In recent years, because the unreasonable use of chemical pesticide, the continuous cropping of particularly protecting field make it that medication is frequent, caused
Environmental pollution and the destruction increasingly of ecological environment.With the improvement of people ' s living standards with the enhancing of health perception, biological pesticide
Development with exploitation just progressively paid close attention to by society, turn into the focus of crops field sustainable development, meanwhile, and improvement
Environment, reduction or delaying drug resistance and the effective way for improving drug effect.Wherein, botanical pesticide has turned into the heat of biological pesticide research
One of point.
Cloves (Syringa oblata Lindl.) belongs to Myrtaceae lilac, is commonly called as lilac, shrub or little Qiao
Wood is high up to 5 meters；Bark taupe or grey.Sprig, rachis, bennet, bract, calyx, spire two sides and the equal nothing of petiole
Mao Ermi is by glandular hairs.Sprig is thicker, sparsely grow hole skin.Originate in northeast, North China, northwest so that southwest reach Northwest Sichuan.Raw hillside
Jungle, gully small stream side, mountain valley roadside and beach waterside.
The fruit of a cubeb litsea tree is Lauraceae Litsea machaka or dungarunga, up to 8-10 rice.It is distributed mainly on production Guangdong, wide
More than the 10 individual province such as west, Fujian.For one of distinctive spice berry resource of China, Chinese litsea citrate oil annual production is high, is the world
Upper maximum producing country and exported country, for annual export volume up to 3500t or so, product finds a good sale in U.S., day, English, method, moral, Switzerland, Holland etc.
State, enjoy great prestige both at home and abroad.
Gray mold is that open country, protecting field crop be common and a kind of fungal disease of more difficult preventing and treating, belongs to low temperature and high relative humidity type
Disease, growth of pathogenic bacteria temperature are 20~30 DEG C, and it is the disease high-incidence season that 20~25 DEG C of temperature, humidity, which continue when more than 95%,.Flower,
Fruit, leaf, stem can fall ill.Susceptible disease when there is moisture film on Seedling Stage plant surface；Florescence is most easily susceptible, by means of air-flow, irrigation and farming
Operation invades from wound, aging organ.Such as cloudy weather for several days running or cold current strong wind weather, leak informaton not in time, density is excessive, seedling is empty
Long, seedling separation hinders root, hinders leaf when transplanting, and can all aggravate the state of an illness.
Powdery mildew generally occurs at the position such as leaf, tender stem, anthocaulus and bud, petal, and initial stage is the irregular stigma of yellow green,
Edge unobvious.Subsequent scab constantly expands, and white powder spot is born on surface, and finally the director goes out countless stains.Affected part becomes
Grey, its surface is covered in flakes, blur margin is clear, in dirty white or light canescence.Leaf-shrinkage diminishes when aggrieved serious, tender tip
Distortion deformity, bud are not opened.
For powdery mildew, gray mold during actually preventing and treating, it is difficult to the thoroughly cut-out infection sources of adopting an effective measure.Preventing and treating
The comprehensive regulation is carried out mainly by the mode that cultural control, chemical prevention, biological control are combined, cultural control is complementary side
Method, its main purpose are to completely cut off the route of transmission of pathogen, and chemical prevention mainly carries out active treatment in morbidity, and biology is anti-
The prevention and controls for belonging to emerging are controlled, so chemical prevention or main application method, but the use of a large amount of chemical pesticides, must
Cause to do medicament residue on object, influence food security.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract
Composition pesticide and its preparation method and application.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows：
A kind of composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, formed by the crude drug extraction of following parts by weight：Fourth
It is fragrant 0.5~3.5 part, 0.5~10 part of the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree.Wherein, preferably its active component is formed by the crude drug extraction of following parts by weight：
2 parts of cloves, 1~9 part of the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree；More preferably its active component is formed by the crude drug extraction of following parts by weight：2 parts of cloves, mountain
Grey sub 2~8 parts；More preferably its active component is formed by the crude drug extraction of following parts by weight：2 parts of cloves, 6 parts of the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree.
Extraction solvent used is conventional organic solvent or water, the organic solvent be water, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol,
In ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, turpentine oil, solvent naphtha, 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE, dimethylformamide at least
It is a kind of.
Wherein, the cloves and the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree that the present invention uses are Chinese herbal medicine, due to active component in Chinese herbal medicine
More, each position content is different, therefore, from effectively being considered using plant resources, at the same in order to improve the present invention containing cloves and
The activity of the composition pesticide of fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, preferably described cloves are the cloves bud to dry in the shade, what the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree was preferably dried in the shade
Fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit.
Composition pesticide of the invention containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, after its active component is mixed by cloves and the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree
Common extraction forms；Or the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree that its active component Flos Caryophylli extract for extracting to obtain by cloves, the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract to obtain carries
Thing is taken to mix.In order to cost-effective, the drug effect of agricultural chemicals is improved, its active component is preferably by after cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree mixing
Common extraction forms.
In order to further improve the stability containing cloves and the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree composition pesticide of extract altogether, the present invention containing cloves and
Auxiliary agent is also included in the composition pesticide of fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, the auxiliary agent is emulsifying agent, antifreezing agent, synergist, bleeding agent, increasing
One or more in thick dose, stabilizer and solvent.Wherein, emulsifying agent can use nonionic surfactant and anion table
One or more in the activating agent of face.
Described emulsifying agent be alkyl benzene sulfonate, APES class, phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy ether class,
One or more of mixing in phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy ether polyoxypropylene ethers and the like matter, this Pan series, tween
Thing；
Described antifreezing agent is ethylene glycol or propane diols；
Described synergist is the one or more in organosilicon, Butacide, Octacide 264, alkyl carbonate, azone
Mixture；
Described bleeding agent is one or more of mixtures in organic diesel oil, tung oil, epoxidized soybean oil or machine oil；
Described thickener is one or more of in polyvinyl alcohol, xanthans, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, Magnesiumaluminumsilicate
Mixture；
Described stabilizer can be 2- expoxy propane, butyl glycidyl ether, isopropanol, n-butanol, polyethylene glycol etc.；
Described organic solvent is water, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, turpentine
The one or more of mixture of oil, solvent naphtha, 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE, dimethylformamide.
Composition pesticide of the invention containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract can be prepared into a variety of water of suitable agricultural use
Base agent type, according to the characteristic of plant extracts in itself, while for the ease of storing and using, microemulsion, aqua can be made
Or soluble concentrate.
Further, it is preferable to it is the soluble concentrate being made up of the component of following parts by weight：Cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, fourth
Fragrant and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, 5 parts of emulsifying agents, 500,8 parts of emulsifying agent Np-10,2 part 1601#, 5 parts of 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONEs and 30 parts
Water, wherein, cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract form for the crude drug extraction of 50 parts by weight., can be with for the ease of storing and transporting
Extract is concentrated, obtains concentrate, and then is prepared into various formulations, cycles of concentration can voluntarily be adjusted according to needs of production
Whole, preferably, cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract are prepared by the following method：Crude drug is extracted and is concentrated into and original
Medicinal material weight is identical.
The preparation method of composition pesticide of the invention containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract comprises the steps of：
Ith, extraction process：Cloves and the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree are weighed, is mixed, by solid-liquid ratio 1:6~12g/ml adds solvent, in 50~95
DEG C refluxing extraction 60~120 minutes, produces extract after filtering, wherein, the solvent is organic solvent or water；
Wherein, cloves bud and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit are obtained using conventional method crushing cloves bud and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit.For
The effect of extraction is improved, at the same it is cost-effective, and cloves bud and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit cross 40~90 mesh sieves, preferably crosses 80 mesh
Sieve.
Further, in order to cost-effective, and also to improve extraction efficiency, solid-liquid ratio is 1 in preferably I step:8~
Solid-liquid ratio is 1 in 10g/ml, more preferably I step:9.5g/ml.I.e. 1g cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree leaf can add 6~12ml solvents and carry
Take, preferably 1g cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree leaf add 8~10ml solvent extractions, and more preferably 1g cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree leaf adds
9.5ml solvent extraction.
Conventional organic solvent is used equally for the present invention, in order to cost-effective, raising dissolution rate, while ensure extraction effect
Rate, organic solvent are preferably methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone, chloroform, more preferably described solvent is ethanol, more preferably ethanol
Concentration >=60%v/V, the more preferably concentration of ethanol is 95%v/V.
The temperature of the preferable backflow is 75~85 DEG C, and the temperature of more preferably described backflow is 80 DEG C.
Preferable reflow's cycle is 2 times, and the more preferably time of single reflow is 1~3h, more preferably single reflow time
For 2h；Merging filtrate, obtain extract.
It is stirred in preferable reflux course, the rotating speed of stirring is 80~100 turns/min, and the rotating speed preferably stirred is 90
Turn/min.
IIth, preparation processing：Microemulsion, soluble concentrate or aqua is made in extract.
Composition pesticide of the invention containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract answering in preventing and treating crop powdery mildew, gray mold
With.
The composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract of the present invention, have to powdery mildew and gray mold good anti-
Effect.
In the agricultural production of reality, in order to improve the composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract to powdery mildew and
The prevention effect of gray mold, the composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract are preferably applied to powdery mildew and gray mold
Before morbidity, or in disease early period of origination；The composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract of the present invention can be sprayed by constant
The method of mist is applied, and is sprayed on plant leaf blade positive and negative.Preferably, the present invention is contained into cloves and the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree during administration
The composition pesticide of extract is diluted with water using the activity component concentration that crude drug weight is counted as 20~120ppm, further
It is preferred that the agricultural chemicals after dilution is sprayed in plant blade face, with decoction by 30~60ppm of the activity component concentration that crude drug weight is counted
Water membrane is formed on plant blade face and does not descend drop to be advisable；Carry out dispenser again after being preferable over 5~7 days, one season crop it is preferred
Continuous administration 2~3 times.
Its active component of the composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract of the present invention is grey by Flos Caryophylli extract and mountain
Seed extract compounding is formed, or its active component is formed by cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree mixing extraction, and its preventive effect is significantly larger than single
The extract of composition, composition pesticide made of obtained extract is extracted after particularly mixing cloves and the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree jointly,
Due to having synergistic function between cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract active component, manufactured composition pesticide after common extraction
Bactericidal effect is more notable.
Compared with prior art, the composition pesticide of the invention containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract has advantages below：
(1) using herbaceous plant extract as active component, active material easily decomposes in nature, thus makes crop
" zero residual ", will not be polluted to environment.
(2) extracted from cloves and the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree, because its active component is various, and target is various, in preventing and treating powdery mildew, grey mold
Sick aspect has prominent effect, and is not likely to produce the resistance to the action of a drug.
(3) source of plant material is wide, extracting method is simple, and valid density is low when using, and cost is cheap.
(4) there is Synergistic, exist compared to composition pesticide made of single cloves, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract
There is more prominent effect in terms of preventing and treating powdery mildew, gray mold.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is further described with reference to embodiment, therefore not limited the present invention
System is among described scope of embodiments.
The composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract of the invention, its active component by following parts by weight crude drug
Extraction forms：0.5~3.5 part of cloves, 0.5~10 part of the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree.Wherein, preferably its active component by following parts by weight active compound
Material extraction forms：2 parts of cloves, 1~8 part of the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree；More preferably its active component is formed by the crude drug extraction of following parts by weight：
2 parts of cloves, 2~8 parts of the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree；More preferably its active component is formed by the crude drug extraction of following parts by weight：2 parts of cloves, mountain
Grey sub 6 parts.
Extraction solvent used is organic solvent or water, and preferably described organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, third
Ketone, chloroform, more preferably described solvent are concentration >=60%v/V of ethanol, more preferably ethanol, and more preferably the concentration of ethanol is 95%
v/V.Wherein, the cloves and the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree that the present invention uses are Chinese herbal medicine, contain cloves and the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree to improve the present invention
The activity of the composition pesticide of extract, because active component is more in cloves bud, other positions are less, from efficiency, cost
Upper consideration, preferably described cloves are the cloves bud to dry in the shade, the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit that the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree is preferably dried in the shade.
Composition pesticide of the invention containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, after its active component is mixed by cloves and the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree
Common extraction forms；Or the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree that its active component Flos Caryophylli extract for extracting to obtain by cloves, the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract to obtain carries
Thing is taken to mix.In order to cost-effective, the drug effect of agricultural chemicals is improved, its active component is preferably by after cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree mixing
Common extraction forms.
Further, in order to improve the stability of the composition pesticide containing cloves and the common extract of the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree, of the invention contains
Auxiliary agent is also included in the composition pesticide of cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, the auxiliary agent can use the usual auxiliaries in agricultural chemicals, excellent
The auxiliary agent is selected as at least one of emulsifying agent, antifreeze, solvent, defoamer, dispersant, wetting agent and stabilizer.
Wherein, described emulsifying agent is alkyl benzene sulfonate, APES class, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene
It is one or more of in ethers, phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy ether polyoxypropylene ethers and the like matter, this Pan series, tween
Mixture；
Described antifreezing agent is ethylene glycol or propane diols；
Described synergist is the one or more in organosilicon, Butacide, Octacide 264, alkyl carbonate, azone
Mixture；
Described bleeding agent is one or more of mixtures in organic diesel oil, tung oil, epoxidized soybean oil or machine oil；
Described thickener is one or more of in polyvinyl alcohol, xanthans, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, Magnesiumaluminumsilicate
Mixture；
Described stabilizer can be 2- expoxy propane, butyl glycidyl ether, isopropanol, n-butanol, polyethylene glycol etc.；
Described organic solvent is water, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, turpentine
The one or more of mixture of oil, solvent naphtha, 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE, dimethylformamide.
Composition pesticide of the invention containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract can be prepared into a variety of water of suitable agricultural use
Base agent type, according to the characteristic of plant extracts in itself, while for the ease of storing and using, microemulsion, aqua can be made
Or soluble concentrate.
Further, it is preferable to it is the soluble concentrate being made up of the component of following parts by weight：Cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, 2
500,8 parts of emulsifying agent np-10 of part emulsifying agent, 10 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)s and 25 parts of ethanol, wherein, cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract are
The crude drug extraction of 60 parts by weight forms.
For the ease of storing and transporting, extract can be concentrated, obtain concentrate, and then be prepared into various formulations, it is dense
Demagnification number can voluntarily adjust according to needs of production, and preferably, cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract are by the following method
It is prepared：Crude drug is extracted and is concentrated into identical with crude drug weight.
The preparation method of composition pesticide of the invention containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract comprises the steps of：
Ith, extraction process：Cloves and the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree are weighed, is mixed, by solid-liquid ratio 1:6~12g/ml adds solvent, in 50~95
DEG C refluxing extraction 60~120 minutes, produces extract after filtering, wherein, the solvent is organic solvent or water；
Wherein, cloves bud and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit are obtained using conventional method crushing cloves bud and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit.For
The effect of extraction is improved, at the same it is cost-effective, and cloves bud and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit cross 40~90 mesh sieves, preferably crosses 60 mesh
Sieve.
Further, in order to cost-effective, and also to improve extraction efficiency, solid-liquid ratio is 1 in preferably I step:8~
Solid-liquid ratio is 1 in 10g/ml, more preferably I step:9.5g/ml.I.e. 1g cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree leaf can add 6~12ml solvents and carry
Take, preferably 1g cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree leaf add 8~10ml solvent extractions, and more preferably 1g cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree leaf adds
9.5ml solvent extraction.
Conventional organic solvent is used equally for the present invention, in order to cost-effective, raising dissolution rate, while ensure extraction effect
Rate, organic solvent are preferably methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone, chloroform, more preferably described solvent is ethanol, more preferably ethanol
Concentration >=60%v/V, the more preferably concentration of ethanol is 95%v/V.
Further, it is preferable to which the temperature of the backflow is 75~85 DEG C, the temperature of more preferably described backflow is 82 DEG C.
Further, it is preferable to which reflow's cycle is 2 times, the more preferably time of single reflow is 1~3h, more preferably single reflow
Time be 2h；Merging filtrate, obtain extract.
Further, it is preferable to be stirred in reflux course, the rotating speed of stirring is 60~100 turns/min, is preferably stirred
Rotating speed is 100 turns/min.
IIth, preparation processing：Microemulsion, soluble concentrate or aqua is made in extract.
The composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract of the present invention, have to powdery mildew and gray mold good anti-
Effect.
In the agricultural production of reality, in order to improve the composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract to powdery mildew and
The prevention effect of gray mold, the composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract are preferably applied to powdery mildew and gray mold
Before morbidity, or in disease early period of origination；The composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract of the present invention can be sprayed by constant
The method of mist is applied, and is sprayed on plant leaf blade positive and negative.Preferably, the present invention is contained into cloves and the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree during administration
The composition pesticide of extract is diluted with water using the activity component concentration that crude drug weight is counted as 20~120ppm, further
It is preferred that the agricultural chemicals after dilution is sprayed in plant blade face, with decoction by 30~60ppm of the activity component concentration that crude drug weight is counted
Water membrane is formed on plant blade face and does not descend drop to be advisable；Carry out dispenser again after being preferable over 5~7 days, one season crop it is preferred
Continuous administration 2~3 times.
Its active component of the composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract of the present invention is grey by Flos Caryophylli extract and mountain
Seed extract compounding is formed, or its active component is formed by cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree mixing extraction, and its preventive effect is significantly larger than single
The extract of composition, composition pesticide made of obtained extract is extracted after particularly mixing cloves and the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree jointly,
Due to having synergistic function between cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract active component, manufactured composition pesticide after common extraction
Bactericidal effect is more notable.
The preparation of composition pesticide and single product of the embodiment 1 containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract
Ith, extract：The cloves bud after drying in the shade, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit are taken, is crushed, 60 mesh sieves is crossed, adds solvent thereto, stir
Even, heating, turn on agitator, it is 100 turns/min to set rotating speed, refluxing extraction, and extraction is completed, and filtering, collects filtrate；Took
The filter residue obtained after filter, repeat to operate above, collect filtrate；The filtrate collected twice is merged, filtrate is concentrated to original
The weight of medicinal material, obtains Flos Caryophylli extract D-01, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract S-01, and cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract combination DS-01~
DS-07, refrigeration, wherein, D-01, S-01, parameter when DS-01~DS-07 extracts extract are shown in Table 1；
IIth, preparation：Auxiliary agent is added in extract D-01, S-01, DS-01~DS-07, is stirred, obtains and is carried containing cloves
Take thing D-01, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract S-01, I~DS- of composition pesticide DS- VII of cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, carried containing cloves
Take thing, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, the formula of the composition pesticide of cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract is shown in Table 2.
The cloves of table 1 and the preparation technology parameter of fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract
The formula of composition pesticide of the table 2 containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract is (with 5 parts of emulsifying agent 500#, 8 parts of emulsifying agents
Exemplified by Np-10,10 parts of 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONEs and 25 parts of ethanol)
Field efficacy situation is put into for the composition pesticide clearly containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, inventor is to the medicament
Field control effectiveness test is carried out.
Prevent and treat the powdery mildew test of pesticide effectiveness --- cucumber
For studying thing：Cucumber.
Reagent agent：I~DS- of product DS- VII in embodiment；Single dose compares：D- I and S- I；Chemical agent compares：Powder
Rust is peaceful (F1)；Clear water compares (CK).
10 medicaments of this experiment, 2 single dose controls, 1 comparison medicament, 1 blank control, are repeated three times, totally 33 small
Area.Minizone and surrounding leave isolation strip, plot area 20m2, cell respectively handles random alignment.
It is 40ppm that reagent agent is diluted into activity component concentration, takes the reagent agent after dilution to spray application to plant blade face,
Water membrane is formed on plant blade face with decoction and does not descend drop to be advisable；Spray three times, in powdery mildew of cucumber early stage
Sprinkling, spray interval 7 days, connects spray 3 times every time.2 investigation are carried out, are investigated once before spraying for the first time, 10 after spraying for the third time
Its investigation is once.Investigation standard is each four end points of cell and its central point totally five points, and each point takes 20 leaves at random, takes altogether
100 leaves are investigated.Data processing after investigation：
Disease index=∑ (the sick numbers of sheets at different levels × at different levels represent numerical value)/(total sample number × highest typical value) ×
100%.
Preventive effect (%)=[1- (and before blank group dispenser disease refer to × treatment region dispenser after disease refer to)/(sick index after blank group dispenser
Disease refers to before the dispenser of × treatment region)] × 100%.
Powdery mildew of cucumber severity Scaling standard is as follows：
0 grade：Disease-free spot；
1 grade：Lesion area accounts for whole leaf area below 5%；
3 grades：Lesion area accounts for whole leaf area 6%-10%；
5 grades：Lesion area accounts for whole leaf area 11%-25%；
7 grades：Lesion area accounts for whole leaf area 26%-50%；
9 grades：Lesion area accounts for whole leaf area more than 50%
Survey data is the average value of 3 repetitions.Survey data is shown in Table 3
Table 3 applies the front and rear result investigated
| Medicament is numbered | Disease index (%) before dispenser | Disease index (%) after third time dispenser | Preventive effect (%) |
| D-Ⅰ | 1.52 | 12.25 | 31.03 |
| S-Ⅰ | 1.56 | 13.51 | 25.87 |
| DS-Ⅰ | 1.47 | 7.83 | 54.41 |
| DS-Ⅱ | 1.49 | 7.12 | 59.10 |
| DS-Ⅲ | 1.45 | 6.78 | 59.98 |
| DS-Ⅳ | 1.58 | 6.92 | 62.51 |
| DS-Ⅴ | 1.44 | 6.03 | 64.16 |
| DS-Ⅵ | 1.51 | 6.72 | 61.91 |
| DS-Ⅶ | 1.60 | 6.76 | 63.84 |
| F1 | 1.56 | 5.74 | 68.51 |
| CK | 1.42 | 16.59 | — |
From table 3, the composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract is 40ppm's in diluted concentration in the present invention
Under the conditions of have preferable prevention effect to powdery mildew of cucumber, highest preventive effect reaches 64.16%, is carried compared to the cloves individually extracted
Thing preventive effect 31.03%, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract preventive effect 25.87% is taken to have more preferable prevention effect, the present invention contains cloves and the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree
The composition pesticide of extract plays the role of Synergistic.
Prevent and treat the gray mold test of pesticide effectiveness --- strawberry
For studying thing：Strawberry.
Reagent agent：I~DS- of product DS- VII in embodiment；Single dose compares：D- I and S- I；Chemical agent compares：
40% pyrimethanil (M1)；Clear water compares (CK)；KN-01~KN-14；Single dose control in comparative example：D1 and D2；
10 medicaments of this experiment, 2 single dose controls, 1 comparison medicament, 1 blank control, are repeated three times, totally 33 small
Area.Minizone and surrounding leave isolation strip, plot area 20m2, cell respectively handles random alignment.
It is 40ppm that reagent agent is diluted into its activity component concentration, takes the reagent agent after dilution to spray application to Plant Leaf
Face, water membrane is formed on plant blade face with decoction and does not descend drop to be advisable；Spray three times, opened in grey mould fruit rot of strawberry early stage
Begin to spray, spray interval 7 days, even sprays 3 times every time.2 investigation are carried out, are investigated once before spraying for the first time, after spraying for the third time
Investigation in 10 days is once.Investigation standard is each four end points of cell and its central point totally five points, and each point takes 50 leaves at random, altogether
250 leaves are taken to be investigated.Data processing after investigation：
Disease index=∑ (the sick numbers of sheets at different levels × at different levels represent numerical value)/(total sample number × highest typical value) ×
100%.
Preventive effect (%)=[1- (and before blank group dispenser disease refer to × treatment region dispenser after disease refer to)/(sick index after blank group dispenser
Disease refers to before the dispenser of × treatment region)] × 100%.
Grey mould fruit rot of strawberry severity Scaling standard is as follows：
0 grade：Disease-free spot；
1 grade：Lesion area accounts for leaf area less than 5%；
3 grades：Lesion area accounts for leaf area 6%-15%；
5 grades：Lesion area accounts for leaf area 16%-25%；
7 grades：Lesion area accounts for leaf area 26%-50%；
9 grades：Lesion area more than 51%.
Table 4 applies the front and rear result investigated
| Medicament is numbered | Disease index (%) before dispenser | Disease index (%) after third time dispenser | Preventive effect (%) |
| D-Ⅰ | 1.68 | 13.25 | 36.42 |
| S-Ⅰ | 1.71 | 14.21 | 33.02 |
| DS-Ⅰ | 1.66 | 7.83 | 61.98 |
| DS-Ⅱ | 1.58 | 7.94 | 63.68 |
| DS-Ⅲ | 1.64 | 7.61 | 62.59 |
| DS-Ⅳ | 1.76 | 7.59 | 65.24 |
| DS-Ⅴ | 1.65 | 6.70 | 67.26 |
| DS-Ⅵ | 1.67 | 6.88 | 66.79 |
| DS-Ⅶ | 1.60 | 6.59 | 66.78 |
| M1 | 1.70 | 6.32 | 70.03 |
| CK | 1.63 | 20.22 | — |
From table 4, the composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract is 40ppm's in diluted concentration in the present invention
Under the conditions of have preferable prevention effect to grey mould fruit rot of strawberry, highest preventive effect reaches 67.26%, is carried compared to the cloves individually extracted
Thing preventive effect 36.42%, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract preventive effect 33.02% is taken to have more preferable prevention effect, the present invention contains cloves and the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree
The composition pesticide of extract plays the role of Synergistic.
Conclusion (of pressure testing)
Composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract in the present invention have to powdery mildew of cucumber, grey mould fruit rot of strawberry compared with
Good preventive effect, it is suitable with comparison medicament preventive effect better than each single dose effect, to crop safety during experiment, to natural enemies security,
There is not poisoning generation.
Composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract in the present invention can again by the improvement of preparation processing technique,
The optimization of formula, there should be certain room for promotion in preventing and treating powdery mildew, gray mold, and said composition is extracted for pure plant,
Extremely it is applicable in industrial crops and Organic Food Development, there is great application and popularization value.
Claims (14)
1. a kind of composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, it is characterised in that its active component is by following parts by weight
Crude drug extraction form：0.5~3.5 part of cloves, 0.5~10 part of the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree；Its active component is extracted by organic solvent or water
Form, described organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone or chloroform；Described cloves is the lilac to dry in the shade
Flower bud, the described fruit of a cubeb litsea tree are the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit to dry in the shade；Wherein：The active component by carrying jointly after cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree mixing
Take and form.
2. the composition pesticide according to claim 1 containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, it is characterised in that its activity into
Divide and formed by the crude drug extraction of following parts by weight：2 parts of cloves, 1~9 part of the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree.
3. the composition pesticide according to claim 2 containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, it is characterised in that its activity into
Divide and formed by the crude drug extraction of following parts by weight：2 parts of cloves, 2~8 parts of the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree.
4. the composition pesticide according to claim 3 containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, it is characterised in that its activity into
Divide and formed by the crude drug extraction of following parts by weight：2 parts of cloves, 6 parts of the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree.
5. the composition pesticide according to claim 1 containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, it is characterised in that described organic
Solvent is ethanol, concentration >=60%v/V of ethanol.
6. according to any described composition pesticides containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that also
Comprising auxiliary agent, the auxiliary agent is at least one of emulsifying agent, antifreezing agent, synergist, bleeding agent, thickener, stabilizer and solvent.
7. the composition pesticide according to claim 6 containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, it is characterised in that containing cloves and
The composition pesticide of fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract is microemulsion, aqua or soluble concentrate.
8. the composition pesticide according to claim 7 containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, it is characterised in that described is micro-
Emulsion is made up of the component of following parts by weight：Cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, 5 parts of emulsifying agents, 500,8 parts of emulsifying agent Np-10,2 parts
1601#, 5 parts of 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE and 30 parts of water, wherein, cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract extract for the crude drug of 50 parts by weight
Form.
9. the composition pesticide according to claim 7 containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, it is characterised in that containing cloves and
The composition pesticide of fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract is prepared by the following method：Crude drug is extracted and is concentrated into and crude drug weight phase
Together.
10. a kind of method for preparing the composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract described in claim any one of 1-9,
Characterized in that, this method comprises the following steps：
Step 1, extraction：Cloves and the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree are weighed, is mixed, by solid-liquid ratio 1:6~12g/ml adds solvent, is returned in 50~95 DEG C
Stream extraction, extract is produced after filtering, wherein, the solvent is organic solvent or water；
Step 2, preparation：Microemulsion, soluble concentrate or aqua is made in extract；Wherein：
In described step 1 cloves for crush after cloves bud, the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree for crush after fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit, cloves bud and
Fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit crosses 40~90 mesh sieves, solid-liquid ratio 1:8~10g/ml.
11. the method according to claim 10 for preparing the composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, its feature
It is, reflux temperature is 50~95 DEG C in described step 1, and reflow's cycle is 2 times, and the time of single reflow is 1~3h.
12. the method according to claim 11 for preparing the composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, its feature
It is, is stirred simultaneously in described backflow, the rotating speed of stirring is 60~100 turns/min.
13. the composition pesticide containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract described in claim any one of 1-12 in preventing and treating powdery mildew and
Application in gray mold.
14. the composition pesticide according to claim 13 containing cloves and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract is in preventing and treating powdery mildew and grey mold
Application in disease, it is characterised in that before the morbidity applied to powdery mildew and gray mold, or disease early period of origination, during administration, add
Water be diluted to using the activity component concentration that crude drug weight is counted as 20~120ppm after spray in plant blade face.
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| CN104855444A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-08-26 | 胡凡营 | Biological pesticide for preventing and controlling strawberry powdery mildew and preparation method |
| CN104938536A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-09-30 | 胡凡营 | Plant-derived biopesticide and preparation method thereof |
| CN105875681A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-08-24 | 重庆市綦江区三龙中药材种植场 | Compound for preventing blueberry fruit-frozen disease |
| CN106490013A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-15 | 郑州思辩科技有限公司 | A kind of botanical pesticide of preventing and treating eliminating vegetable botrytis and preparation method thereof |
| CN106508981A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-22 | 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Clove plant bactericide and application of clove plant bactericide in prevention and treatment of crop diseases |
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