CN101502274B - Plant source pesticide for inhibiting rice blast and application thereof in aspect for inhibiting rice blast - Google Patents
Plant source pesticide for inhibiting rice blast and application thereof in aspect for inhibiting rice blast Download PDFInfo
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- CN101502274B CN101502274B CN2009100258385A CN200910025838A CN101502274B CN 101502274 B CN101502274 B CN 101502274B CN 2009100258385 A CN2009100258385 A CN 2009100258385A CN 200910025838 A CN200910025838 A CN 200910025838A CN 101502274 B CN101502274 B CN 101502274B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a plant pesticide which restrains the rice blast and the application of the plant pesticide for restraining rice blast. The plant pesticide is a low-toxicity and high-efficient novel biological product which is developed by using the plant of Chinese scholar tree as raw material. The pesticide is applied with a mode of foliage spray and can be applied to the agricultural field. The plant pesticide for restraining the rice blast according to the invention is obtained through the following steps: using the Chinese scholar tree as raw material, putting the raw material into an extraction kettle after breaking the tissue of raw material, adding the organic solvent with the weight of 2-3 times of the weight of raw material, immersing and extracting for 12-24 hours in the condition of room temperature, extracting for 2-3 times; condensing the extracted liquid to solid-state concentrate; dissolving the solid-state concentrate into the organic solvent with the weight of 0.5-1.5 times of the weight of solid-state concentrate, adding the emulsifying agent with the weight of 0.1-0.15 times of the weight of solid-state concentrate, sufficiently mixing, adding the water with the weight of 20-40 times of the weight of solid-state concentrate, and the plant pesticide aqueous emulsion for restraining rice blast is prepared. The plant pesticide aqueous emulsion for restraining rice blast can effectively restrain the magnaporthe grisea, increases the quality of arable farming and strengthens the capability of crop for resisting disasters and pests.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide (transient name); It is to be raw material with Chinese scholar tree (Sophora japonicaLinn) plant, and a kind of low toxicity of development, efficient neoformation product are with the mode dispenser of foliage spray; Be applied to paddy rice; Can suppress rice blast fungus, noresidue is polluted, and has a extensive future.Meet the direction of agricultural chemicals development, but possessed the characteristics of advance, practicality generalization and the environmentally friendly machine of new product development, significant for development organic farming and green agriculture.
Background technology
Rice blast (rice blast disease) is one of major obstacle property disease of south rice production.The medicament that present China rice blast evil is prevented and treated usefulness all is a chemical agent; Commonly used have kitazine, Hinosan, triazole ring, IBP, a kasugarnycin, and pesticide resistance has appearred in some areas, in addition; Single chemical agent residual causes that also people pay close attention to greatly.Therefore, the suitable control rice blast new drug of research is significant.
This research product-inhibition rice blast pathogen plant resource novel pesticide, raw materials used is Chinese scholar tree (english name: Flowerof Japanese Pagodatree, Pagodatree Flower Bud; Latin formal name used at school: bright leaf Sophora japonica Linn) and tender stem.The Chinese of Chinese scholar tree another name: Chinese scholartree, Chinese scholartree stamen, beans Chinese scholartree, white Chinese scholartree, spire Chinese scholartree, golden medicinal material, Hu Fangshu, Chinese scholartree, tame Chinese scholartree. 6 years perfume (or spice), middle Chinese scholartree Chinese scholar tree; Belong to the Papilionaceae deciduous tree; The big shade of tree crown is dense, to the resistance of pernicious gases such as sulphur dioxide, chlorine, hydrogen chloride and flue dust.It is urban afforestation street tree and with the fine tree species of material.Chinese scholar tree originates in NORTH CHINA, is the common seeds in the North China Plain and loess plateau.
Chinese scholar tree is the temperate zone heliophilous species, can anti-ly slightly give shade, and has deep-rootedness, well developed root system.Moistening fertile, soil layer is deep, well-grown on the well-drained soil.The property cold-resistant, happiness sunlight, anti-slightly the moon, not anti-dark and damp and drought resisting, soil is required not tight, more barren-resistant, also can normal growth on lime and slight saline land (about the salt content 0.15%).Damage by disease and insect is few, and the life-span is long, is fit to wait idle local varieties to plant behind the house before deserted mountain barren hill, roadside, the room, does not need management.Be Chinese garden characteristic seeds commonly used.Check winds and fix drifting sand again, with the seeds of material and economic forest dual-purpose.
Chinese scholar tree is good nectariferous plant; The seed oil expression supplies industrial; The exocarp of the Fructus Sophorae can be carried filling sugar etc.; Sophora flower bitter cool in nature has the effect of clearing heat and cooling blood, clearing liver-fire, hemostasis, because contain materials such as rutin, Quercetin, sophoradiol, vitamin A in the sophora flower.Rutin can be improved the function of capillary, keeps the normal resistance of capillary, prevent because of capillary fragility excessive, hemorrhage, the hypertension that permeability is too high to be caused, diabetes, can preventing of clothes is hemorrhage; Chinese scholartree can be stopped blooding in fact, step-down.Ramulus sophorae is cut into segment, decocts to soup and be green, smoke earlier and afterwards wash the hemorrhoid place, have excellent curative.
At present, existing Chinese scholar tree tea patent, be by Chinese scholartree fruit, the sophora bud be raw material through oven dry, pulverize and form.The tea set that the sophora bud is processed has clearing heat and removing internal heat, preventing cold, removing pattogenic heat from the blood and toxic material from the body, activates blood circulation and disperses blood clots, and reduces blood viscosity, clears liver and improve vision, and does not influence the effect of sleep, and sore-throat, stomach and intestine constipation are had special efficacy, also has the effect of comparatively fast sobering up.Contain the multiple nutrient components useful such as pure natural vitamin, choline, flavones alkali, rutin and iron, zinc, calcium to health.
" Chinese Plants will " record, Chinese scholar tree is the poisonous plant that include in Chinese Plants spectrum data storehouse, its toxicity is that flower, leaf, stem skin and pod are poisonous.People man-eater flower and leaf poisoning puffiness of face, skin heating occur, itch.Leaf and pod can also the stimulating intestine and stomach mucous membranes, produce colic and diarrhea.The shell extract can make mouse and rat produce expiratory dyspnea etc.Bud contains rutin, sterol with flower, and fruit contains multiple flavonoids and phenols components such as robinin, Quercetin.
But the base of leaf extract of not seeing Chinese scholar tree is effectively reported rice blast.
Summary of the invention
It is the inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide that raw material is produced with the Chinese scholar tree plant that one of the object of the invention provides a kind of; This novel pesticide is all pollution-free in production and use, and product is prone to degraded, and noresidue is polluted; The value of environmental protection is high, and the paddy rice rice blast fungus is had good inhibition effect.
Two of the object of the invention provides the application of a kind of this agricultural chemicals aspect the inhibition rice blast, and this agricultural chemicals uses and not limited by geographical environment.This suppresses the rice blast botanical pesticide effectively suppressing rice blast simultaneously, and paddy rice is also had certain growth promoting function.
The objective of the invention is to realize through following measure:
A kind of inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide, it is a raw material with Chinese scholar tree leaf and tender stem, processes through following steps:
The first step: after the raw material disorganize, put into and extract still, adds the organic solvent (n-hexane or ethyl acetate) of 2-3 times of raw material weight, under the room temperature condition soaking and extracting 12-24 hour, so extract 2-3 time; Extract is concentrated into solid shape concentrate.
Second step: will consolidate the shape concentrate and be dissolved in the organic solvent (n-hexane or ethyl acetate) for its 0.5-1.5 times of weight; Be incorporated as the doubly heavy emulsifier of solid shape concentrate 0.1-0.15 again; Fully stir; Be incorporated as the doubly heavy water of solid shape concentrate 20-40 again, promptly make the aqueous emulsion product of n-hexane or ethyl acetate extract.Extractive content 5%-10% in the product.
Said raw material is preferably selected the Chinese scholar tree plant of fresh wild or plantation for use;
The first step and the organic solvent in second step are selected n-hexane or ethyl acetate (technical grade) for use, all nonhazardouss.
Emulsifier in second step is selected Tween-80, Tween-60 or polyoxyethylene glycerine 400 monostearates for use, all is to use the surfactant in food, all nonhazardouss.
The application of above-mentioned inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide aspect inhibition rice blast, this agricultural chemicals also has certain growth promoting function effectively suppressing rice blast simultaneously to paddy rice.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide of the present invention is the method that the mixture taking from plant, to extract is directly processed product, and production technology is simple, and flow process is short; Solvent can reclaim repeated use, greatly reduces production cost, is prone to industrialization, and economic benefit is high.
Inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide of the present invention is that the mixture that under the condition of gentle (below 60 ℃), from plant, extracts is processed; Destroy less to the various active composition in the plant; In use, make full use of the synergy of multiple growth components in the plant, improved drug effect; Reduce toxic and side effect, remedied the defective of market chemosynthesis single component effect.Reached the effect of good inhibition rice blast pathogen.
Raw material of the present invention is the Chinese scholar tree plant, is rich in multiple flavones in the mixture of extraction, not only can suppress rice blast pathogen but also scalable plant growth.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Raw material: fresh wild or plantation Chinese scholar tree plant.Organic solvent: n-hexane (technical grade).Emulsifier: Tween-80.
Chinese scholar tree leaf and stem 100kg are squeezed broken its tissue with juice extractor.Get slag and put into the extraction still, add the n-hexane of 200kg, soaking and extracting is 20 hours under the room temperature condition, so extracts 3 times; Extract behind concentrating under reduced pressure below 50 ℃, is obtained the solid shape concentrate of 1.5kg, add the 1.0kg n-hexane again; Under heated and stirred, after the dissolving, add the Tween-80 of 0.15kg, fully stir; Add entry again to 30kg, promptly make 5% inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide aqueous emulsion.
Embodiment 2:
Raw material: fresh wild or plantation Chinese scholar tree plant.Organic solvent: n-hexane (technical grade).Emulsifier: Tween-60.
Chinese scholar tree leaf and stem 100kg are squeezed broken its tissue with juice extractor, get slag and put into the extraction still, add the n-hexane of 250kg, soaking and extracting is 24 hours under the room temperature condition, so extracts 2 times; Extract behind 50 ℃ of following temperature concentrating under reduced pressure, is obtained the solid shape concentrate of 1.0kg, add the 1.0kg n-hexane again; After dissolving under the water-bath heated and stirred, add the 0.1kg Tween-60, fully stir; Add entry again to 10kg, promptly make 10% inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide aqueous emulsion.
Embodiment 3:
Raw material: fresh wild or plantation Chinese scholar tree plant.Organic solvent: n-hexane (technical grade).Emulsifier: Tween-60.
Chinese scholar tree leaf and stem 100kg are squeezed broken its tissue with juice extractor, get slag and put into the extraction still, add the n-hexane of 250kg, soaking and extracting is 24 hours under the room temperature condition, so extracts 2 times; Extract behind 50 ℃ of following temperature concentrating under reduced pressure, is obtained the solid shape concentrate of 1.0kg, add the 1.0kg n-hexane again; After dissolving under the water-bath heated and stirred, add the 0.1kg Tween-60, fully stir; Add entry again to 20kg, promptly make 5.0% inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide aqueous emulsion.
Embodiment 4:
Raw material: fresh wild or plantation Chinese scholar tree plant.Organic solvent: ethyl acetate (technical grade).Emulsifier: polyoxyethylene glycerine 400 monostearates.
Chinese scholar tree leaf and stem 100kg are squeezed broken tissue with juice extractor or additive method, put into and extract still, add the hexane (technical grade) of 200kg, soaking and extracting is 20 hours under the room temperature condition, so extracts 2 times; With extract behind 50 ℃ of following temperature concentrating under reduced pressure; Obtain the solid shape concentrate of 1.0kg, add 1.0kg ethyl acetate (technical grade) again, after dissolving under the water-bath heated and stirred; Add 0.1kg polyoxyethylene glycerine 400 monostearates; Fully stir, add entry again, promptly make 5% inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide aqueous emulsion to 20kg.
Embodiment 5:
Raw material: fresh wild or plantation Chinese scholar tree plant.Organic solvent: ethyl acetate (technical grade).Emulsifier: polyoxyethylene glycerine 400 monostearates.
Chinese scholar tree leaf and stem 100kg are squeezed broken tissue with juice extractor or additive method, put into and extract still, add the hexane (technical grade) of 300kg, soaking and extracting is 20 hours under the room temperature condition, so extracts 3 times; With extract behind 50 ℃ of following temperature concentrating under reduced pressure; Obtain the solid shape concentrate of 1.1kg, add 1.5kg ethyl acetate (technical grade) again, after dissolving under the water-bath heated and stirred; Add 0.15kg polyoxyethylene glycerine 400 monostearates; Fully stir, add entry again, promptly make 6.83% inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide aqueous emulsion to 15.0kg.
Embodiment 6:
Raw material: fresh wild or plantation Chinese scholar tree plant.Organic solvent: ethyl acetate (technical grade).Emulsifier: polyoxyethylene glycerine 400 monostearates.
Chinese scholar tree leaf and stem 100kg are squeezed broken tissue with juice extractor or additive method, put into and extract still, add the hexane (technical grade) of 200kg, soaking and extracting is 20 hours under the room temperature condition, so extracts 2 times; With extract behind 50 ℃ of following temperature concentrating under reduced pressure; Obtain the solid shape concentrate of 0.9kg, add 1.0kg ethyl acetate (technical grade) again, after dissolving under the water-bath heated and stirred; Add 0.13kg polyoxyethylene glycerine 400 monostearates; Fully stir, add entry again, promptly make 9% inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide aqueous emulsion to 10.0kg.
1. suppressing the main component of rice blast botanical pesticide measures:
With bright leaf of Chinese scholar tree and tender stem is raw material, behind the mixture of extraction, gets 10g through chemical assay, contains general flavone 100-200mg.
2. select materials and the test of pesticide effectiveness
2.1 plant
Selecting Chinese scholar tree, yellowwood, acacia leaf respectively is that the mixture that extracts of raw material is an amount of, is dissolved in the 100ml n-hexane, processes 10
3Mg.L
-1Mark liquid.Be the basis with mark liquid, make 10 successively
3, 5 * 10
2, 10
2Mg.L
-1Solution is preserved in 4 ℃ of refrigerators.
1.2.3 the dull and stereotyped experiment of band poison
Make a certain amount of PDA medium, after sterilization was cooled to uniform temperature, to the stock solution that wherein adds 1/9 volume, obtaining concentration behind the mixing was 10
3, 10
2, 50,10mg.L
-1Flat board, be made into flat board, drying the back, to insert diameter in dull and stereotyped central authorities be the rice blast fungus bacterium piece of 6mm, every kind of concentration is done 5 repetitions, solvent and sterile water contrast; The contrast flat board is when covering with (14 days), measures and respectively handles the Pyricularia oryzae diameter that falls, and calculates inhibiting rate.Result such as following table 1:
Table 1 suppresses the rice blast pathogen result of the test
Bacteriostasis rate (%)=[colony diameter (mm)-processing colony diameter (mm)]/[CK colony diameter (mm)-6mm)]
Can find out that by table 1 statistics it is most effective that the n-hexane extract of Chinese scholar tree suppresses rice blast, secondly is the Chinese scholar tree ethyl acetate extract, acacia also has certain effect, but not high, yellowwood is the poorest, overall target, and Chinese scholar tree is superior to other plant.A lot of when in addition acacia is taken a lot of work than Chinese scholar tree with the yellowwood borrow, Chinese scholar tree aboundresources, its leaf are prone to pluck, but and continued growth after tapping, northern 1 year can borrow 2 times, and the 2-3 defective material can be adopted in south, is first-class selection so comparative result selects Chinese scholar tree as raw material.
Can find out that by table 1 statistics the n-hexane extract of Chinese scholar tree is processed and suppressed rice blast agricultural chemicals 10
3Mg.L
-1Concentration suppresses efficient to Pyricularia oryzae and reaches 70.9%, secondly is that the n-hexane extract of Chinese scholar tree is processed inhibition rice blast agricultural chemicals 10
2Mg.L
-1Concentration, the inhibition efficient of rice blast reaches 60.0%, and other is 10 years old
3Mg.L
-1The inhibition Pyricularia oryzae efficient that the Chinese scholar tree ethyl acetate extraction makes product reaches 59.1%.Acacia also has certain effect, but efficient is not high.Yellowwood is the poorest, and comprehensive index analysis selects n-hexane of Chinese scholar tree and ethyl acetate extract preparation to suppress the rice blast pathogen novel pesticide, and its extraction mixture content is 5% aqueous emulsion.To the rice blast inhibiting rate is about 70%.In addition, be that the inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide that the extract of raw material is processed also shows good adjusting paddy growth, improves the effect of quality with the Chinese scholar tree.
3 advantages of the present invention:
3.1 hypotoxicity, low-residual
Suppress the rice blast botanical pesticide and derive from the extract in the Chinese scholar tree, and formulated, through measuring rat acute per os: LD
50>5000mg/kg belongs to the micro-virus kind agricultural chemicals, and is all pollution-free in production and the use, and product is prone to degraded, and noresidue is polluted, and the value of environmental protection is high.
3.2 it is more obvious to suppress the Pyricularia oryzae effect
Suppressing Pyricularia oryzae is major function, also is principal character.Test shows mainly and shows: the inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide of (1) 5% concentration, dilution is 10
3Mg.L
-1Concentration sprays in paddy rice, is 59%-70% to the rice blast inhibiting rate.
3.3 promote growth, improve quality
(1) foliage spray suppresses the rice blast botanical pesticide, can promote photosynthesis, increases chlorophyll and plant dry matter content, and raising the output is at 7-10%.Improve simultaneously about quality 7-10%, have good commodity value.
4 with the comparison of like product
At present, the main inhibition rice blast class medicament of using is chemicals in the domestic production, does not see with the plant to be that raw material extracts the product of making; But microniological proudcts---tetramycin is arranged, and is the fermentating metabolism product of not streptomyces hygroscopicus subspecies, common name: tetramycin; English common name (Tetramycin); Be a kind of new antibiotic, the product low toxicity has killing action to sac fungi, imperfect fungus and basidiomycetes etc.; Also effective to rice blast, product design 0.15% aqua (production of Liaoning microorganism Co., Ltd) is existing to be listed in the following table 2 comparable situation of the two.
Table 2 0.1% suppresses the rice blast botanical pesticide and 0.15% tetramycin compares
*Explain: 0.1% inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide is the working concentration after the dilution, and product design is 5%.
Comparative trial shows that 0.1% inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide amount ratio, 0.15% tetramycin is big, but preventive effect improves 0.94%, and rate of growth improves 1.11%.
5 suppress the effect of rice blast botanical pesticide
5.1 the effect on green rice
5.1.1 material and method
Test medicine is 5% inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide (being made by the Chinese scholar tree n-hexane extract) aqueous emulsion, blank: clear water.Dosage: 600ml/667m
2The experimental plot is district's group arrangement at random, and every processing 3 repeats sub-district area 30m
2The experimental field is located at Pukou District dish cities and towns, Jiangsu Province, and rice varieties is 9526, planting density: 667m
2Be 2.2 ten thousand strains, soil types is a clay, and management conditions such as liquid manure are general.
Application method: foliage spray.Respectively spray once at paddy rice booting stage, full heading time, spray secondary altogether, measure 5% at every turn and suppress rice blast botanical pesticide 300ml, join in the 15Kg water, spray rice area 667m
2In after the dispenser 24 hours, meet rainy need filling spray.
5.1.2 investigation method
Investigated once in 7 days after each dispenser, every sub-district is got 5 investigation at random, every some investigation 50 fringes, and the hazard level of record fringe, stem pest, total spike number, sick spike number calculate disease tassel yield, disease index, control efficiency.Investigation in 7 days, 14 days is investigated respectively to distinguish with the clear area and is compared after the dispenser, and the paddy growth situation has or not bad performance.
Stage division is following:
0 grade: anosis.
1 grade: every fringe loss is (morbidity of indivedual branch stalk) below 5%.
3 grades: (branch stalk morbidity about 1/3) below every fringe loss 6%-20%.
5 grades: (ear stem or main shaft morbidity, grain half is flat) below every fringe loss 21%-50%.
7 grades: below every fringe loss 51%-70% (ear stem morbidity, most of shrivelled kernel).
9 grades: (1 ear stem or main shaft morbidity, grain half is flat) below every fringe loss 11%-100%.
Calculate disease index, the control efficiency method is following:
CK-blank district disease index in the formula;
PT-chemicals treatment district disease index.
5.1.3 result of the test (seeing table 3):
Table 3 0.1% suppresses rice blast botanical pesticide control rice blast efficacy survey (%)
Can be found out that by last table 3 statistics 0.1% suppresses rice blast botanical pesticide control green rice rice blast effect between 63.35%-69.21%, average control efficiency is 65.96%.
5.2 the effect on organic paddy rice
Organic paddy rice booting stage, full heading time respectively foliage-spray 0.1% suppress the rice blast botanical pesticide, method joins 300ml medicament (5%) in the 15Kg water, sprays rice area 667m
2, investigate the result and list following table 4 in:
Table 4 0.1% suppresses the rice blast botanical pesticide to organic paddy rice rice blast preventive effect
Can find out that by table 4 0.1% inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide reaches 70.70%, average 68.38% to the highest preventive effect of organic paddy rice rice blast.
Relevant attributional analysis is added up in following subordinate list 5.
The quality determination of table 5 organic products paddy rice brown rice
The result shows from attributional analysis; Processing is different with respect to the increase and decrease of contrast each item index, but overall performane numerical value increases by 6.89%, and is suitable with rate of growth; Show that 0.1% inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide promptly has better control efficiency to organic paddy rice rice blast, has the rice yield of raising and quality effect again.
Claims (4)
1. botanical pesticide that suppresses rice blast, it is characterized in that: leaf and stem with Chinese scholar tree are raw material, make through following steps:
The first step: after the raw material disorganize, put into and extract still, adds the organic solvent of 2-3 times of raw material weight, under the room temperature condition soaking and extracting 12-24 hour, extract 2-3 time; Extract is concentrated into solid shape concentrate, reclaims solvent;
Second step: will consolidate the shape concentrate and be dissolved in the organic solvent for its 0.5-1.5 times of weight; Be incorporated as the doubly heavy emulsifier of solid shape concentrate 0.1-0.15; Fully stir, be incorporated as the doubly heavy water of solid shape concentrate 20-40 again, promptly make the aqueous emulsion that suppresses the Pyricularia oryzae botanical pesticide; Wherein the first step and the organic solvent in second step are selected n-hexane or ethyl acetate for use.
2. inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said raw material is selected the Chinese scholar tree plant of fresh wild or plantation for use.
3. inhibition rice blast botanical pesticide according to claim 1 is characterized in that: emulsifier is selected Tween-80, Tween-60 or polyoxyethylene glycerine 400 monostearates for use described in second step.
4. claim 1, the application of 2 or 3 said inhibition rice blast botanical pesticides aspect inhibition rice blast.
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Families Citing this family (5)
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CN101971867B (en) * | 2010-10-25 | 2015-04-15 | 贵州道元生物技术有限公司 | Medicament for treating rice blast |
CN103262863A (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2013-08-28 | 叶彬 | Spray type organic pesticide/bactericide for crop public places as well as preparation and use methods thereof |
CN113207914B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-04-12 | 北京农学院 | Application of Chinese scholartree in inhibiting fungi, bacteriostatic agent and preparation method |
CN113115798B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-03-29 | 北京农学院 | Application of Chinese scholartree in biological control, biological control medicament and preparation method thereof |
CN114794155A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-29 | 辽宁食安农业科技发展有限公司 | Regulator for preventing rice blast |
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CN1357238A (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2002-07-10 | 刘放 | Biological pesticide compounding process and formulation |
CN1605255A (en) * | 2003-10-09 | 2005-04-13 | 兰州大学 | Insect killing and plant disease treating plant medicament |
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