CN103459179A - 动力传递装置 - Google Patents

动力传递装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103459179A
CN103459179A CN2012800158118A CN201280015811A CN103459179A CN 103459179 A CN103459179 A CN 103459179A CN 2012800158118 A CN2012800158118 A CN 2012800158118A CN 201280015811 A CN201280015811 A CN 201280015811A CN 103459179 A CN103459179 A CN 103459179A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
rotor
electric power
torque
stator
power
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Granted
Application number
CN2012800158118A
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English (en)
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CN103459179B (zh
Inventor
土屋英滋
渡边隆男
浅海周
宫野竜也
村上新
小川裕之
远山智之
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Toyota Motor Corp
Aisin Corp
Original Assignee
Aisin Seiki Co Ltd
Toyota Motor Corp
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Publication of CN103459179A publication Critical patent/CN103459179A/zh
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Publication of CN103459179B publication Critical patent/CN103459179B/zh
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • H02P25/22Multiple windings; Windings for more than three phases
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/30Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by chargeable mechanical accumulators, e.g. flywheels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/448Electrical distribution type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/192Mitigating problems related to power-up or power-down of the driveline, e.g. start-up of a cold engine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N5/00Starting apparatus having mechanical power storage
    • F02N5/04Starting apparatus having mechanical power storage of inertia type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/02Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/262Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators the motor or generator are used as clutch, e.g. between engine and driveshaft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/266Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators with two coaxial motors or generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60W30/18054Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations at stand still, e.g. engine in idling state
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2300/00Control related aspects of engine starting
    • F02N2300/20Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control method
    • F02N2300/2002Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control method using different starting modes, methods, or actuators depending on circumstances, e.g. engine temperature or component wear
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H02K17/02Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/22Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with windings connected to slip-rings
    • H02K17/24Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with windings connected to slip-rings in which both stator and rotor are fed with AC
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H02K21/12Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/24Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/112Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction clutches in combination with brakes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

在惯性能量存储操作期间,控制在逆变器40处的电力变换使得由逆变器40将来自电力存储装置42的直流电力变换成交流电以便供应到定子绕组20,使得在发动机旋转方向上的转矩从定子16施加到输出侧转子18以在从输出侧转子18到驱动轴37的动力传递停止的状态下旋转地驱动输出侧转子18。在惯性能量存储操作之后的起动操作期间,控制在逆变器41处的电力变换以便容许交流电施加到定子绕组30上,使得在发动机旋转方向上的转矩从输出侧转子18施加到输入侧转子28上,由此旋转地驱动输入侧转子28以起动发动机36。

Description

动力传递装置
技术领域
本发明一般性地涉及一种动力传递装置,并且尤其涉及一种能够利用转子的电磁耦合将动力从发动机传递到驱动轴的动力传递装置。
背景技术
下面的专利文献1公开了现有技术的这种类型的动力传递装置。根据专利文献1的动力传递装置包括:设置有绕组并且机械地连接到发动机的第一转子、设置有与第一转子绕组形成电磁耦合的磁铁并且机械地连接到驱动轴的第二转子、设置有与第二转子磁铁形成电磁耦合的绕组的定子、电连接到第一转子绕组的滑环、电接触滑环的电刷、可交换地控制在电池与定子绕组之间的电力的第一逆变器以及经由滑环和电刷可交换地控制在电池与第一转子之间的电力的第二逆变器。根据专利文献1,从发动机传递到第一转子的动力经由第一转子绕组和第二转子磁铁的电磁耦合而传递到第二转子,由此使得可以用发动机动力来对驱动轴进行驱动。此外,因为使得电力经由第二逆变器在电池和第一转子绕组之间是可交换的,所以能够通过用第二逆变器控制第一转子的电力来控制驱动轴的旋转速度。在那种情况下,当第一转子的旋转速度高于第二转子的旋转速度时,由第一转子绕组产生的电力经由第二逆变器供应到电池侧,并且当第一转子的旋转速度低于第二转子的旋转速度时,电池的电力经由第二逆变器供应到第一转子绕组。此外,由于定子绕组与第二转子磁铁的电磁耦合,从电池侧经由第一逆变器供应到定子绕组的电力可以被用于在第二转子中产生动力以对驱动轴进行驱动,这继而允许通过控制由第一逆变器供应到定子绕组的电力来控制传递到驱动轴的转矩。
引用列表
【专利文献】
【专利文献1】JP9-56010A
【专利文献2】JP2006-9751A
【专利文献3】JP2009-73472A
【专利文献4】JP2009-274536A
发明内容
技术问题
根据专利文献1,在于驱动轴处于停止状态的状态下启动发动机的情况下,来自电池的直流电力由第二逆变器变换成交流电以经由滑环和电刷供应到第一转子绕组,使得可以通过作用在第一转子与第二转子之间的转矩来旋转地驱动第一转子,因此使得可以利用从电池供应到第一转子绕组的电力来起动发动机。然而,当从电池可供应的电力较低时,例如,当电池温度较低时或者当电池的充电状态不足时,使用从电池供应到第一转子绕组的电力难以在第一转子中产生起动发动机所需的功率,由此难以启动发动机。
根据专利文献2,在电池的充电状态使得不能启动发动机的情况下,在发动机离合器分离并且输出轴固定的状态下使用电池的电力来旋转地驱动电动发电机。接着,接合发动机离合器以利用由电动发电机的旋转产生的旋转惯性来启动发动机。然而,当电动发电机的旋转能量经由发动机离合器传递到发动机时产生由于发动机离合器的滑动而导致的能量损失,尤其在较低的发动机旋转速度时产生更大的损失。
本发明的目的在于即使当从电力存储装置可供应的电力量较小时也能高效地启动发动机。
技术方案
根据本发明的动力传递装置采用了下述方案以实现上述目的。
概括而言,根据本发明的动力传递装置包括:第一转子,动力从发动机传递到所述第一转子,并且所述第一转子设置有能够通过交流电的施加来产生旋转场的转子导体;定子,其设置有能够通过交流电的施加来产生旋转场的定子导体;第二转子,其能够关于所述第一转子而相对旋转,其中转矩根据在所述转子导体处产生的所述旋转场的作用而作用在所述第一转子与所述第二转子之间,并且转矩根据在所述定子导体处产生的所述旋转场的作用而作用在所述第二转子与所述定子之间;第一电力变换器,其在电力存储装置和所述定子导体之间进行电力变换;第二电力变换器,其在所述电力存储装置和所述第一电力导体中的至少一个与所述转子导体之间进行电力变换;动力传递/中断机构,其或者容许或者切断从所述第二转子到驱动轴的动力传递;以及控制单元,其控制在所述第一电力变换器处的所述电力变换以控制使用所述定子导体的所述交流电而施加到所述定子与所述第二转子之间的所述转矩,并且所述控制单元控制在所述第二电力变换器处的所述电力变换以控制使用所述转子导体的所述交流电而施加到所述第一转子与所述第二转子之间的所述转矩,其中在以所述驱动轴处于停止的状态启动所述发动机的情况下,所述控制单元实施以下操作:惯性能量存储操作,其用于在从所述第二转子到所述驱动轴的所述动力传递被所述动力传递/中断机构切断的状态下,通过使用所述定子导体的所述交流电而从所述定子施加转矩到所述第二转子来旋转所述第二转子;以及起动操作,其用于在所述惯性能量存储操作之后,通过使用所述转子导体的所述交流电而从所述第二转子施加转矩到所述第一转子而旋转所述第一转子来起动所述发动机。
在本发明的一个方案中,优选地,在所述起动操作期间,所述控制单元使用所述转子导体的所述交流电而从所述第二转子施加转矩到所述第一转子,并且使用所述定子导体的所述交流电而从所述定子施加转矩到所述第二转子。
在本发明的另一个方案中,优选地,当在所述起动操作期间所述第二转子的旋转速度高于所述第一转子的旋转速度时,所述控制单元控制在所述第二电力变换器处的电力变换以便从所述转子导体回收电力并且使用所述转子导体的所述交流电而从所述第二转子施加转矩到所述第一转子,并且所述控制单元控制在所述第一电力变换器处的电力变换以便将电力供应到所述定子导体以使用所述定子导体的所述交流电而从所述定子施加转矩到所述第二转子。
在本发明的又一个方案中,优选地,当在所述起动操作期间所述第二转子的旋转速度低于所述第一转子的旋转速度时,所述控制单元控制在所述第一电力变换器处的所述电力变换以便从所述定子导体回收电力并且使用所述定子导体的所述交流电而从所述定子施加转矩到所述第二转子,并且所述控制单元控制在所述第二电力变换器处的所述电力变换以便将电力供应到所述转子导体并且使用所述转子导体的所述交流电而从所述第二转子施加转矩到所述第一转子。
在本发明的另一个方案中,优选地,在所述起动操作期间所述控制单元对使用所述转子导体的所述交流电而从所述第二转子施加到所述第一转子的所述转矩进行控制以及对使用所述定子导体的所述交流电而从所述定子施加到所述第二转子的所述转矩进行控制,使得在所述第一电力变换器处变换的电力量与在所述第二电力变换器处变换的电力量之间的差小于或等于设定量。
在本发明的再一个方案中,优选地,当所述控制单元判定从所述电力存储装置能够供应的电力量小于当在所述驱动轴处在停止状态下启动所述发动机时所要求的电力量时,所述控制单元实施所述惯性能量存储操作和所述起动操作。
本发明的有益效果
根据本发明,在于驱动轴处于停止的状态下启动发动机的情况下,通过在惯性能量存储操作期间事先在第二转子中存储旋转能量以及在起动操作期间释放第二转子的此旋转能量并且将其变换成第一转子的动力以用于起动发动机,即使当从电力存储装置可供应的电力量较小时也可以高效地启动发动机。
附图说明
图1示出设置有根据本发明的实施例的动力传递装置的混合动力驱动单元的示意性配置。
图2示出根据本发明的实施例的动力传递装置的示意性配置。
图3示出根据本发明的实施例的动力传递装置的示意性配置。
图4是输入侧转子28、输出侧转子18以及定子16的配置的示例的图示。
图5是在起动发动机36时输入侧转子28的旋转速度与发动机36的负载和功率损失之间的关系的图示。
图6是输入侧转子28的旋转速度相对来自电力存储装置42的供应功率的时间变化的图示。
图7是当启动发动机36时所实施的惯性能量存储操作的功率流的描述的图示。
图8是当启动发动机36时所实施的起动操作的功率流的描述的图示。
图9是当启动发动机36时所实施的起动操作的功率流的描述的图示。
图10A是当执行惯性能量存储操作和起动操作时发动机启动操作示例的计算结果的图示。
图10B是当执行惯性能量存储操作和起动操作时发动机启动操作示例的计算结果的图示。
图10C是当执行惯性能量存储操作和起动操作时发动机启动操作示例的计算结果的图示。
附图标记
10~旋转电机,16~定子,18~第二转子(输出侧转子),20~定子绕组,28~第一转子(输入侧转子),30~转子绕组,32、33~永久磁铁,36~发动机,37~驱动轴,38~车轮,40、41~逆变器,42~电力存储装置,44~变速器,48~离合器,50~电子控制单元,95~滑环,96~电刷
具体实施方式
以下将参照附图描述用于实施本发明的方式(以下称作实施例)。
图1至图3是根据本发明的实施例的具有动力传递装置的混合动力驱动单元的示意性配置的图示,其中图1示出示意性整体配置,并且图2和图3示出旋转电机10的示意性配置。根据本发明的混合动力驱动单元包括:设置为能够产生动力(机械动力)的原动机的发动机(内燃机)36、设置在发动机36与驱动轴37(车轮38)之间并且能够改变变速传动比的变速器(机械变速器)44,以及设置在发动机36与变速器44之间且能够产生动力(机械动力)和电力的旋转电机10。此外,根据本实施例的混合动力驱动单元可以用作用于驱动例如车辆的动力输出装置。
旋转电机10包括:固定到定子箱的定子16(未示出)、关于定子16可相对旋转的第一转子28以及在与转子旋转轴线正交的径向方向上有预定间隙地与定子16和第一转子28相对并且关于定子16和第一转子28可相对旋转的第二转子18。定子16位于第一转子28的径向外侧并与第一转子28之间有间隙,并且第二转子18在径向方向上上位于定子16与第一转子28之间。也即是说,第一转子28位于第二转子18的径向内侧并且与第二转子18相对,并且定子16位于第二转子18的径向外侧并且与第二转子18相对。第一转子28机械地连接到发动机36使得来自发动机36的动力传递到第一转子28。同时,第二转子18经由变速器44机械地连接到驱动轴37使得在由变速器44改变速度之后来自第二转子18的动力传递到驱动轴37(车轮38)。在下面的描述中,第一转子28将被称作输入侧转子并且第二转子18将被称作输出侧转子。
输入侧转子28包括转子铁心(第一转子铁心)52以及沿其周向置于转子铁心52中的多相(例如,三相)转子绕组30。当多相(例如,三相)交流电施加到多相转子绕组30上时,转子绕组30能够产生在转子的周向上旋转的旋转场。
定子16包括定子铁心(定子铁心)51以及沿其周向置于定子铁心51中的多相(例如,三相)定子绕组20。当多相(例如,三相)交流电施加到多相定子绕组20上时,多相(例如,三相)定子绕组20能够产生在定子的周向上的旋转场。
输出侧转子18包括转子铁心(第二转子铁心)53以及沿其轴向布置于转子铁心53中、产生场磁通的永久磁铁32、33。永久磁铁32布置于转子铁心53的外周部上以便与定子16(定子铁心51)相对,并且永久磁铁33布置于转子铁心53的内周部上以便与输入侧转子28(转子铁心52)相对。此处,永久磁铁32、33可以一体形成。
图4详细示出输入侧转子28、输出侧转子18以及定子16的配置的示例。在图4所示的示例中,输入侧转子28、输出侧转子18以及定子16同心布置。定子16的定子铁心51具有向径向内侧(朝向输出侧转子18)突出并且以固定间隔沿定子周向安置的多个齿51a。相应的定子绕组20围绕齿51a缠绕以形成磁极。输入侧转子28的转子铁心52具有向径向外侧(朝向输出侧转子18)突出并且以固定间隔沿转子周向安置的多个齿52a。相应的转子绕组30围绕齿52a缠绕以形成磁极。定子16的齿51a和输出侧转子18的永久磁铁32在与输出侧转子18的旋转轴线(与输入侧转子28的旋转轴线重合)正交的径向方向上彼此相对地布置。输入侧转子28的齿52a和输出侧转子18的永久磁铁33在径向方向上彼此相对地布置。定子绕组20的缠绕轴线和转子绕组30的缠绕轴与此径向方向(在输入侧转子28与输出侧转子18彼此相对的方向上)重合。永久磁铁32、33以固定间隔沿转子周向安置,并且此外,永久磁铁32嵌入转子铁心53中以便形成V形。此处,永久磁铁32、33可以或者暴露在输出侧转子18的表面上(在外周面上或者在内周面上)或者嵌入到输出侧转子18中(在转子铁心53中)。
离合器48布置于发动机36和变速器44之间以便与旋转电机10(输入侧转子28和输出侧转子18)平行。输入侧转子28与输出侧转子18的机械接合/分离可以由离合器48的接合/分离来有选择地实现。输入侧转子28和输出侧转子18通过接合离合器48以相等的旋转速度一体地旋转,并且输入侧转子28和输出侧转子18因此机械地接合,。另一方面,通过分离离合器48并且去除输入侧转子28与输出侧转子18之间的机械接合来允许输入侧转子28和输出侧转子18的旋转速度差。此处,离合器48能够使用例如混合动力压力或者电磁力来进行接合/分离之间的切换,并且此外,还能够通过调节施加到离合器48上的混合动力压力和电磁力来调节接合力。
设置为直流电源的可充电/可放电的电力存储装置42可以由例如蓄电池来配置,以存储电能。设置为用于在电力存储装置42与定子绕组20之间变换电力的第一电力变换装置的逆变器40可以由包括开关元件和关于开关元件反向并联连接的二极管(整流装置)的公知的配置来实现,并且开关元件的开关操作允许将来自电力存储装置42的直流电力变换成交流电(例如,三相交流电)以供应到定子绕组20的相应的相。此外,逆变器40还能够在将定子绕组20的相应的相的交流电变换成直流电的方向上进行电力变换以便由电力存储装置42回收。以这种方式,逆变器40可以在电力存储装置42与定子绕组20之间实现双向电力变换。
滑环95机械地结合到输入侧转子28,并且进一步电连接到转子绕组30的相应的相。旋转地固定的电刷96紧压滑环95以与其电接触。滑环95与输入侧转子28一同旋转,同时紧贴电刷96滑动(同时保持与电刷96的电接触)。电刷96电连接到逆变器41。设置为用于在电力存储装置42和逆变器40中的至少一个与转子绕组30之间变换电力的第二电力变换装置的逆变器41可以由包括开关元件和关于开关元件反向并联连接的二极管(整流装置)的公知的配置来实现,并且开关元件的开关操作允许将来自电力存储装置42的直流电力变换成交流电(例如,三相交流电)以经由电刷96和滑环95供应到转子绕组30的相应的相。此外,逆变器41还能够在将转子绕组30的相应的相的交流电变换成直流电的方向上进行电力变换。此时,从滑环95和电刷96取出交流电力,并且由逆变器41将交流电力变换成直流电。由逆变器41变换成直流电的电力可在供应到定子绕组20的相应的相之前由逆变器40变换成交流电。也即是说,逆变器40能够将来自逆变器41的直流电力和来自电力存储装置42的直流电力中的至少之一变换成交流电并且将其供应到定子绕组20的相应的相。而且,还可以由电力存储装置42回收由逆变器41变换成直流的电力。用这种方式,逆变器41可以在电力存储装置42和逆变器40中的至少一个与转子绕组30之间实现双向电力变换。
电子控制单元50控制逆变器40的开关元件的开关操作以控制逆变器40的电力变换,由此控制在定子绕组20的相应相中流动的交流电。此外,电子控制单元50控制逆变器41的开关元件的开关操作以控制逆变器41的电力变换,由此控制在转子绕组30的相应相中流动的交流电。电子控制单元50还在离合器48的接合/分离之间进行切换以控制其在输入侧转子28与输出侧转子18之间的机械接合/分离之间的切换。此外,电子控制单元50控制发动机36的运行状态并且改变变速器44的传动比。
逆变器40的开关操作使得多相(例如,三相)交流电施加到多相定子绕组20上,这继而使得定子绕组20产生在定子的周向上旋转的旋转场。可以通过在定子绕组20处产生的旋转场与在永久磁铁32处产生的场磁通的电磁相互作用(吸引/排斥)而施加转矩(磁铁转矩)到输出侧转子18上,然后其旋转地驱动输出侧转子18。也即是说,从电力存储装置42经由逆变器40施加到定子绕组20上的电力可以变换成输出侧转子18上的动力(机械动力),这继而允许定子16和输出侧转子18作用为同步电动机(PM电动机部分)。此外,可以经由逆变器40将输出侧转子18的动力变换成定子绕组20的电力以由电力存储装置42回收。以这种方式,因为定子16的定子绕组20和输出侧转子18的永久磁铁32电磁耦合,所以可以使得在定子绕组20处产生的旋转场作用在输出侧转子18上以便在定子16与输出侧转子18之间形成转矩(磁铁转矩)作用。此外,如图4所示,例如,在磁物质(铁磁物质)布置于作为凸极并且与定子16(齿51a)相对的永久磁铁32之间的示例中,或者在永久磁铁32被嵌入输出侧转子18中(在转子铁心53内侧)的示例中,除了响应于在定子16处产生的旋转场而作用在输出侧转子18上的磁铁转矩之外,磁阻转矩也作用在定子16和输出侧转子18之间。通过例如由逆变器40的开关操作来控制供应到定子绕组20上的交流电的幅值和相角,电子控制单元50可以控制作用在定子16和输出侧转子18之间的转矩。
而且,随着输入侧转子28关于输出侧转子18旋转并且在输入侧转子28(转子绕组30)和输出侧转子18(永久磁铁33)之间产生旋转速度差,在转子绕组30中产生感应电动势,并且此感应电动势使得感应电流(交流电流)在转子绕组30中流动,由此产生旋转场。此外,在由转子绕组30的感应电流产生的旋转场和永久磁铁33的磁通之间的电磁相互作用还允许转矩作用在输出侧转子18上,由此旋转地驱动输出侧转子18。以这种方式,因为输入侧转子28的转子绕组30和输出侧转子18的永久磁铁33电磁耦合,所以响应于在转子绕组30处产生的旋转场的作用于输出侧转子18,转矩(磁铁转矩)作用在输入侧转子28和输出侧转子18之间。因此,能够在输入侧转子28和输出侧转子18之间传递动力(机械动力),由此使得输入侧转子28和输出侧转子18作用为感应电磁耦合部。
当由于转子绕组30的感应电流而在输入侧转子28和输出侧转子18之间产生转矩(电磁耦合转矩)时,电子控制单元50实现逆变器41的开关操作以便允许感应电流在转子绕组30中流动。那时,电子控制单元50可以通过借助逆变器41的开关操作控制在转子绕组30中流动的交流电流来控制作用在输入侧转子28和输出侧转子18之间的电磁耦合转矩。另一方面,当电子控制单元50保持逆变器41的开关元件处于关断状态以停止开关操作时,感应电流将停止在转子绕组30中流动,这将接着停止转矩作用在输入侧转子28和输出侧转子18之间。
现在将描述根据本实施例的混合动力驱动单元的操作。
当发动机36产生动力时,发动机36的动力被传递到输入侧转子28,并且在发动机旋转的方向上旋转地驱动输入侧转子28。在离合器48分离的状态下,当输入侧转子28的旋转速度变得大于输出侧转子18的旋转速度时,在转子绕组30中产生感应电动势。电子控制单元50实现逆变器41的开关操作以便允许感应电流在转子绕组30中流动。其结果是,由于转子绕组30的感应电流与永久磁铁33的磁通的电磁相互作用,所以在发动机旋转的方向上的电磁耦合转矩从输入侧转子28作用到输出侧转子18上,由此在发动机旋转的方向上旋转地驱动输出侧转子18。以这种方式,从发动机36传递到输入侧转子28的动力通过输入侧转子28的转子绕组30与输出侧转子18的永久磁铁33的电磁耦合而传递到输出侧转子18。传递到输出侧转子18的动力接着在变速器44处被改变速度之后被传递到驱动轴37(车轮38)以用于负载的正常旋转驱动,诸如车辆的向前驱动。因此,能够使用来自发动机36的动力在正常旋转方向上旋转地驱动车轮38,由此在前进方向上驱动车辆。此外,即使当车轮38的旋转停止时,发动机36也不熄火,因为能够容许输入侧转子28和输出侧转子18之间的旋转差。其结果是,旋转电机10能够作用为启动设备,其消除了单独设置诸如摩擦离合器和转矩变换器等启动装置的需要。
此外,在转子绕组30中产生的交流电力经由滑环95和电刷96被取出。取出的交流电力由逆变器41变换成直流电。接着,在供应到定子绕组20之前,逆变器40的开关操作允许来自逆变器41的直流电力被逆变器40变换成交流电,使得交流电在定子绕组20中流动并且在定子16处形成旋转场。在此定子16处的旋转场与输出侧转子18的永久磁铁32处的场磁通之间的电磁相互作用也允许在发动机旋转方向上的转矩作用在输出侧转子18上。因此,能够实现在输出侧转子18处放大在发动机旋转方向上的转矩的转矩放大功能。而且,还可以由电力存储装置42回收来自逆变器41的直流电力。
此外,通过控制逆变器40的开关操作使得电力从电力存储装置42供应到定子绕组20,能够使用发动机36的动力在正常旋转方向上旋转地驱动车轮38,并且另外,使用供应到定子绕组20的电力而产生的输出侧转子18的动力可以促进在正常旋转方向上的车轮38的旋转驱动。而且,在负载的减速驱动期间,通过用电子控制单元50控制逆变器40的开关操作以便由电力存储装置42回收来自定子绕组20的电力,负载的动力能够通过定子绕组20与永久磁铁32之间的电磁耦合变换成定子绕组20的电力以由电力存储装置42回收。
而且,通过接合离合器48以机械地结合输入侧转子28和输出侧转子18,即使没有作用在输入侧转子28和输出侧转子18之间的转矩,来自发动机36的动力也由于转子绕组30中没有交流电而能够经由离合器48传递到驱动轴37(车轮38)。因此,可以限制伴随在输入侧转子28和输出侧转子18之间的滑动而由转子绕组30中流动的感应电流产生的焦耳损失。
而且,当实现使用旋转电机10的动力而不是使用发动机36的动力驱动负载(可旋转地驱动车辆38)的EV(电动车)驱动时,电子控制单元50控制逆变器40的开关操作以控制负载的驱动。例如,通过由电子控制单元50控制逆变器40的开关操作以便将来自电力存储装置42的直流电力变换成交流电以供应到定子绕组20,供应到定子绕组20的电力通过定子绕组20和永久磁铁32之间的电磁耦合变换成输出侧转子18的动力,由此旋转地驱动驱动轴37(车轮38)。以这种方式,即使在发动机36不产生动力时也能够由供应到定子绕组20的电力旋转地驱动车轮38。此外,当实现EV驱动时,控制离合器48处于接合状态。
而且,当启动发动机36时,由电子控制单元50控制逆变器41的开关操作以便由逆变器41将来自电力存储装置42的直流电力变换成交流电从而经由滑环95和电刷96供应到转子绕组30,使得在发动机旋转方向上的转矩借助转子绕组30的交流电而从输出侧转子18作用到输入侧转子28上。因此,使用从电力存储装置42供应到转子绕组30的电力来在发动机旋转方向上旋转输入侧转子28,由此实现发动机36的起动。当起动发动机36时,当在输入侧转子28处的旋转场与在输出侧转子18的永久磁铁33处的场磁通之间的电磁相互作用导致转矩作用在连接到发动机36的输入侧转子28上的同时,输出侧转子18也反过来受到反作用转矩。因此,当运转于EV模式的同时启动发动机36,控制逆变器40的开关操作使得电力从电力存储装置42供应到定子绕组20,并且用于去除此反作用转矩的转矩施加到输出侧转子18上,由此能够使用所供应的电力旋转地驱动输出侧转子18。当启动发动机36时,控制离合器48处于分离状态。
然而,当启动发动机36时,在能够从电力存储装置42输出的电力量较小的情况下,诸如,例如当电力存储装置42的温度较低时或者当电力存储装置42的容量较小时,将难以使用从电力存储装置42供应到转子绕组30的电力在输入侧转子28处产生用于启动发动机36所需的动力。在发动机36的起动中所涉及的负载包括恒定产生负载和取决于旋转速度的负载,并且用于启动发动机36所必需的功率将是这些负载和旋转速度的乘积加上加速能量。图5示出输入侧转子28(发动机36)的旋转速度、发动机36负载以及在发动机36的起动期间的功率损失之间的关系,并且图6示出输入侧转子28(发动机36)的旋转速度关于供应自电力存储装置42的功率随时间的改变。如图5所示,功率损失随着起动期间发动机36的旋转速度的增加而增加。而且,如图6所示,随着供应自电力存储装置42的功率减少,发动机36的可增加旋转随着来自电力存储装置42的所供应功率的减少而减少,使得难以启动发动机36。以下将描述在来自电力存储装置42的可供应电力较低的情况下启动发动机36的操作。
当在车辆处于停止(驱动轴37和车轮38的旋转处于停止)的状态下启动发动机36时,在如图7的箭头A所示,由电子控制单元50控制逆变器40处的电力变换(开关操作)以便在从输出侧转子18到驱动轴37(车轮38)的动力传递关闭的状态下,将来自电力存储装置42的直流电力在将其在逆变器40处变换成交流电之后供应到定子绕组20。因此,将在发动机方向上的PM电动机转矩Tmg从定子16通过定子绕组20的交流电施加到输出侧转子18上。因此,使用从电力存储装置42供应到定子绕组20的电力Pmg来在发动机旋转方向上旋转输出侧转子18以便事先执行用于在输出侧转子18中存储惯性能量的惯性能量存储操作。因为与发动机36不同,输出侧转子18具有较小的旋转负载而不产生抽气损失,所以即使供应到定子绕组20的电力Pmg受限于预定量或者更少(电力量小于或等于从电力存储装置42可供应的量),也可以加速输出侧转子18,并且输出侧转子18的旋转速度Nmg逐渐增加。当输出侧转子18关于输出侧转子28旋转时,在转子绕组30中产生感应电动势。
在变速器是分级变速器,诸如自动变速器(AT)或者自动-手动变速器(AMT)的情况下,通过分离用于选择变速比的接合设备并且使变速器44置于空档状态,可以切断从输出侧转子18到驱动轴37的动力传递。在那种情况下,变速器44作用为用于许可或者切断从输出侧转子18到驱动轴37的动力传递的动力传递/中断机构。如果变速器是连续可变式变速器(CVT),则通过在输出侧转子18与变速器44的输入轴之间或者在变速器的输出轴和驱动轴37之间设置前进/倒退切换装置,并且分离离合器和前进/倒退切换装置的制动器,可以切断从输出侧转子18到驱动轴37的动力传递。在那种情况下,前进/倒退切换装置作用为用于许可或者切断从输出侧转子18到驱动轴37的动力传递的动力传递/中断机构。此外,可以在输出侧转子18与变速器44的输入轴之间或者在变速器44的输出轴和驱动轴37之间设置离合器以通过离合器的分离来切断从输出侧转子18到驱动轴37的动力传递。在那种情况下,离合器作用为用于许可或者切断从输出侧转子18到驱动轴37的动力传递的动力传递/中断机构。
在实现惯性能量存储操作之后,由电子控制单元50控制逆变器41处的电力变换(开关操作)以便在输出侧转子18正在旋转的状态下(在惯性能量存储在输出侧转子18中的状态下)许可交流电在转子绕组30中流动,使得使用在转子绕组30中的交流电将在发动机旋转方向上的电磁耦合转矩Tcoup从输出侧转子18作用到输入侧转子28上。因此,使用输出侧转子18的惯性能量(旋转能量)通过在发动机旋转方向上旋转地驱动输入侧转子28实现了用于起动发动机36的起动操作。当事先将存储在输出侧转子18中的旋转能量变换成输入侧转子28(发动机36)的旋转能量时,可以将足够大于从电力存储装置42可供应的电力量的功率从输出侧转子18供应到输入侧转子28以用于起动发动机36,即使当从电力存储装置42可供应的电力量较小时,也可以在输入侧转子28处产生启动发动机36所需的功率。当将输出侧转子18的旋转能量变换成输入侧转子28的旋转能量时,输入侧转子28(发动机36)的旋转速度Neng增大并且输出侧转子的旋转速度Nmg减小。
在起动操作中,当输出侧转子18的旋转速度Nmg高于输入侧转子28的旋转速度Neng时,控制逆变器41的开关操作使得经由滑环95和电刷96回收来自转子绕组30的电力,如图8中的箭头B所示,并且转子绕组30的感应电流产生从输出侧转子18到输入侧转子28的电磁耦合转矩Tcoup。那时,输出侧转子18的旋转能量的一部分被变换成转子绕组30的发电电力Pcoup,并且将经由滑环95和电刷96从转子绕组30取出的交流电力Pcoup在逆变器41处变换成直流电。接着,如图8中箭头A所示,通过控制逆变器40的开关操作以便由逆变器40将由逆变器41变换的电力Pcoup(从转子绕组30回收的电力)从直流电变换成交流电并且将其供应到定子绕组20,能够使用定子绕组20的交流电将在发动机旋转方向上的PM电动机转矩Tmg从定子16施加到输出侧转子18上。因此,当通过将输出侧转子18的旋转能量变换成输入侧转子28的旋转能量来起动发动机36时,可以将所产生的电力Pcoup供应到定子绕组20以重新使用,由此允许限制输出侧转子18的旋转速度Nmg(旋转能量)的减小。
此外,当进行逆变器40的开关操作时,逆变器40不仅能够将来自逆变器41(转子绕组30)的电力Pcoup变换成交流电,还能够将来自电力存储装置42的直流电力(Pb)变换成交流电以供应到定子绕组20。其结果是,除了从转子绕组30供应到定子绕组20的电力之外,还可以使用从电力存储装置42供应到定子绕组20的电力来限制输出侧转子18的旋转能量的减少。那时,控制电磁耦合转矩Tcoup和PM电动机转矩Tmg,使得由逆变器40变换的电力量(供应到定子绕组20的电力量)与由逆变器41变换的电力量(从转子绕组30回收的电力量)之间的差Pmg-Pcoup小于或等于预定值(小于或等于从电力存储装置42可供应的电力量)。由逆变器40变换的电力量Pmg对应于PM电动机转矩Tmg和输出侧转子18的旋转速度Nmg的乘积Tmg×Nmg,并且由逆变器41变换的电力量Pcoup对应于电磁耦合转矩Tcoup与输出侧转子18和输入侧转子28之间的旋转速度差Nmg-Neng的乘积Tcoup×(Nmg-Neng)。更具体而言,将电磁耦合转矩Tcoup控制得大于或等于预定转矩(大于或等于发动机36的过载转矩),并且基于电磁耦合转矩Tcoup和输入侧转子28的旋转速度Neng,以及输出侧转子18的旋转速度Nmg来控制PM电动机转矩Tmg,使得乘积Tmg×Nmg与乘积Tcoup×(Nmg-Neng)之间的差Tmg×Nmg-Tcoup×(Nmg-Neng)能够被从电力存储装置42供应的电力Pb弥补。
同时,在起动操作期间,作为输出侧转子18的旋转速度Nmg根据输入侧转子28的旋转速度Neng的增大而减小的结果,当输出侧转子18的旋转速度Nmg变得低于输入侧转子28的旋转速度Neng时,控制逆变器40的开关操作以便从定子绕组20回收电力,如图9中箭头A所示,使得在与发动机旋转相反的方向上的PM电动机转矩Tmg借助于定子绕组20的交流电而从定子16作用到输出侧转子18上。那时,输出侧转子18的旋转能量被变换成定子绕组20的交流电力Pmg,并且从定子绕组20取出的交流电力Pmg由逆变器40变换成直流电。而且,如图9中箭头B所示,控制逆变器41的开关操作使得由逆变器41将由逆变器40变换的电力(从定子绕组20回收的电力)Pmg从直流电变换成交流电并且经由电刷96和滑环95供应到转子绕组30,并且由此在发动机旋转方向上的电磁耦合转矩Tcoup借助转子绕组30的交流电而从输出侧转子18作用到输入侧转子28上。其结果是,使用从定子绕组20供应到转子绕组30的电力来在发动机旋转方向上旋转地驱动输入侧转子28。
此外,在逆变器41的开关操作期间,由逆变器41不仅可以将来自逆变器40(定子绕组20)的电力Pmg变换成交流电,而且还可以将来自电力存储装置42的直流电力Pb变换成交流电以供应到转子绕组30。因此不仅能够使用从定子绕组20供应到转子绕组30的电力,还能够使用从电力存储装置42供应到转子绕组30的电力来在发动机旋转方向上旋转地驱动输入侧转子28。那时,控制电磁耦合转矩Tcoup和PM电动机转矩Tmg,使得由逆变器41变换的电力量(供应到转子绕组30的电力量)与由逆变器40变换的电力量(从定子绕组20回收的电力量)之间的差Pcoup-Pmg小于或等于预定量(小于或等于从电力存储装置42可供应的电力量)。更具体而言,将电磁耦合转矩Tcoup控制得大于或等于预定转矩(大于或等于发动机36的过载转矩),并且基于电磁耦合转矩Tcoup、输入侧转子28的旋转速度Neng和输出侧转子18的旋转速度Nmg来控制PM电动机转矩Tmg,使得乘积Tcoup×(Nmg-Neng)与乘积Tmg×Nmg之间的差Tcoup×(Nmg-Neng)-Tmg×Nmg能够被从电力存储装置42供应的电力Pb弥补。
在可用于起动发动机36的输出侧转子18的旋转能量变得更大的同时,在起动操作开始时(在惯性能量存储操作终止时)的输出侧转子18的旋转速度Nmg更大,输出侧转子18的旋转速度与输入侧转子28的旋转速度之间的差Nmg-Neng更大。因此,取决于逆变器41的容量,可能必须限制转子绕组30的电力(逆变器41的通过电力),这导致能够从输出侧转子18在输入侧转子28处产生的电磁耦合转矩Tcoup更小,并且因此减小发动机36的起动转矩。因此,更可取的是,在起动操作的开始时在由从电力存储装置42供应的电力能够加速的旋转速度的范围内并且在(逆变器41的电力容量)/(在起动操作的开始时输出侧转子18的旋转速度Nmg)大于或等于预定转矩的条件下,使输出侧转子18的旋转速度Nmg最大化。
图10A、图10B、图10C图示出当实施惯性能量存储操作和起动操作时发动机启动操作的示例的计算结果。图10A示出发动机36(输入侧转子)的旋转速度Neng、输出侧转子18的旋转速度Nmg以及旋转速度差Neng-Nmg随时间的改变(在所有情况下发动机的旋转方向将被视为正向);图10B示出从定子16作用到输出侧转子18上的PM电动机转矩Tmg以及从输出侧转子18作用到输入侧转子28上的电磁耦合转矩Tcoup随时间的改变(在两种情况下发动机的旋转方向将被视为正向);以及图10C示出电力存储装置42的电力Pb(放电将被视为正向)、逆变器40的通过电力Pmg(到定子绕组20的电力供应将被视为正向,并且来自定子绕组20的电力回收将被视为负向)、逆变器41的通过电力Pcoup(到转子绕组30的电力供应将被视为正向,并且来自转子绕组30的电力回收将被视为负向)以及起动功率Pcr(=Tcoup×Neng)随时间的改变。在计算期间,发动机36的摩擦转矩已被设定为15Nm,输出侧转子18的摩擦转矩被设定为1Nm,发动机36的转动惯量被设定为0.1Kg·m2,输入侧转子28的转动惯量被设定为0.04Kg·m2,输出侧转子18的转动惯量被设定为0.06Kg·m2,并且逆变器40、41的容量(能够变换的最大电力)被限定为10kW,并且电力存储装置42的容量(可供应的最大电力)被限定为1kW。
在图10A中,在启动发动机36之前,停止发动机36、输入侧转子28、输出侧转子18和驱动轴37的旋转。当在时间t0处输出启动发动机36的指令时,开始惯性能量存储操作的实施。在图10A、图10B和图10C所示的示例中,在惯性能量存储操作期间对输出侧转子18进行加速,同时将从电力存储装置42到定子绕组20的电力供应(逆变器40的通过电力)限定为恒值(1kW),并且PM电动机转角Tmg响应于输出侧转子18的旋转速度Nmg的增大而减小。当输出侧转子18的旋转速度Nmg上升到设定速度(在图10A所示的示例中为1500rpm)时,终止惯性能量存储操作的实施并且开始起动操作的实施。在图10A、图10B和图10C所示的示例中,在时间t1之后,来自电力存储装置42的电力供应Pb被限定为恒值(1Kw),同时将逆变器40、41的通过电力Pmg、Pcoup限定为预定值或更小(1Kw或更小)。与此同时,在发动机旋转方向上的电磁耦合转矩Tcoup利用转子绕组30的感应电流从输出侧转子18作用到输入侧转子28上,并且电力从转子绕组30经由逆变器40、41供应到定子绕组20以便使得在发动机旋转方向上的PM电动机转矩Tmg使用定子绕组20的交流电从定子16作用到输出侧转子18上。此时,电磁耦合转矩Tcoup大于PM电动机转矩Tmg,发动机36的旋转速度Neng增大,并且输出侧转子18的旋转速度Nmg减小。在时点t2之后,当发动机36的旋转速度Neng变得高于输出侧转子18的旋转速度Nmg时,定子绕组20的交流电被用于使得在与发动机旋转方向相反的方向上的PM电动机转矩Tmg从定子16作用到输出侧转子上。与此同时,电力从定子绕组20经由逆变器40、41供应到转子绕组30以便使得使用转子绕组30的交流电将在发动机旋转方向上的电磁耦合转矩Tcoup从输出侧转子18作用到输入侧转子28上。如图10A、图10B和图10C所示,显而易见地,发动机36的旋转速度Neng能够上升到大约900rpm并且因此即使当电力存储装置42的容量(所供应的电力量)被限定在1kW时也可以通过实施惯性能量存储操作和起动操作来启动发动机36。
根据上述本实施例,在于驱动轴37和车轮38的旋转停止的状态下启动发动机36的情况下,使用从电力存储装置42供应到定子绕组20的电力Pm事先在输出侧转子18中存储旋转能量,并且释放输出侧转子18的此旋转能量以用于起动发动机36,这使得即使当从电力存储装置42可供应的电力量较小时也能够将启动发动机36所需的功率传递到发动机36。此外,当通过释放输出侧转子18的旋转能量来起动发动机36时,输出侧转子18的旋转能量的一部分被变换成转子绕组30的发电电力;然而,转子绕组30的发电电力可以经由逆变器40、41供应到定子绕组20以便旋转地驱动输出侧转子18,由此可以回收利用能量。因此,能够减少在将输出侧转子18的旋转能量变换成发动机36的起动功率时所产生的损失;尤其是,能够减少发动机36的低旋转速度Neng处产生的损失。因此,可以使用输出侧转子18的旋转能量来高效地启动发动机36。
而且,如果从电力存储装置42可供应启动发动机36所需的功率,则能够启动发动机36而不一定要执行惯性能量存储操作和起动操作。因此,也可以如此启动发动机36:当由电子控制单元50判定从电力存储装置42可供应的电力量小于启动发动机36所需的电力量时,通过实施惯性能量存储操作和起动操作来启动发动机36,并且当由电子控制单元50判定从电力存储装置42可供应的电力量大于或等于启动发动机36所需的电力量时,通过控制逆变器41的开关使得将来自电力存储装置42的直流电由逆变器41变换成交流电以经由滑环96和电刷96供应到转子绕组30来启动发动机36。那时,从电力存储装置42可供应的电力量取决于电力存储装置42的温度而改变,并且尤其在低温时,从电力存储装置42可供应的电力量减少。因此,可以根据电力存储装置42的温度来估计从电力存储装置42可供应的电力量;即,当电力存储装置42的温度低于设定温度时,可以判定从电力存储装置42可供应的电力量小于启动发动机36所需的电力量。而且,在驱动逆变器40(或者逆变器41)期间,可以基于电力存储装置42的电流和电压来估计从电力存储装置42可供应的电力量。此外,在本实施例中,即使在电力存储装置42的容量被设定得低于启动发动机36所需的电力量时,也能够启动发动机36,并且在那种情况下,通过实施惯性能量存储操作和起动操作来启动发动机36。
已经描述了用于实施本发明的方式;然而,无论如何,本发明不限于这样的实施例,并且显而易见地,能够以各种方式实施本发明而不偏离本发明的范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种动力传递装置,包括:
第一转子,动力从发动机传递到所述第一转子,并且所述第一转子设置有能够通过交流电的施加来产生旋转场的转子导体;
定子,其设置有能够通过交流电的施加来产生旋转场的定子导体;
第二转子,其能够关于所述第一转子而相对旋转,其中转矩根据在所述转子导体处产生的所述旋转场的作用而作用在所述第一转子与所述第二转子之间,并且转矩根据在所述定子导体处产生的所述旋转场的作用而作用在所述第二转子与所述定子之间;
第一电力变换器,其在电力存储装置和所述定子导体之间进行电力变换;
第二电力变换器,其在所述电力存储装置和所述第一电力导体中的至少一个与所述转子导体之间进行电力变换;
动力传递/中断机构,其或者容许或者切断从所述第二转子到驱动轴的动力传递;以及
控制单元,其控制在所述第一电力变换器处的所述电力变换以控制使用所述定子导体的所述交流电而施加到所述定子与所述第二转子之间的所述转矩,并且所述控制单元控制在所述第二电力变换器处的所述电力变换以控制使用所述转子导体的所述交流电而施加到所述第一转子与所述第二转子之间的所述转矩,其中在以所述驱动轴处于停止的状态启动所述发动机的情况下,所述控制单元实施以下操作:
惯性能量存储操作,其用于在从所述第二转子到所述驱动轴的所述动力传递被所述动力传递/中断机构切断的状态下,通过使用所述定子导体的所述交流电而从所述定子施加转矩到所述第二转子来旋转所述第二转子;以及
起动操作,其用于在所述惯性能量存储操作之后,通过使用所述转子导体的所述交流电而从所述第二转子施加转矩到所述第一转子而旋转所述第一转子来起动所述发动机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力传递装置,其中
在所述起动操作期间,所述控制单元使用所述转子导体的所述交流电而从所述第二转子施加转矩到所述第一转子,并且使用所述定子导体的所述交流电而从所述定子施加转矩到所述第二转子。
3.根据权利要求2所述的动力传递装置,其中
当在所述起动操作期间所述第二转子的旋转速度高于所述第一转子的旋转速度时,所述控制单元控制在所述第二电力变换器处的所述电力变换以便从所述转子导体回收电力并且使用所述转子导体的所述交流电而从所述第二转子施加转矩到所述第一转子,并且所述控制单元控制在所述第一电力变换器处的所述电力变换以便将电力供应到所述定子导体以使用所述定子导体的所述交流电来从所述定子施加转矩到所述第二转子。
4.根据权利要求2所述的动力传递装置,其中
当在所述起动操作期间所述第二转子的旋转速度低于所述第一转子的旋转速度时,所述控制单元控制在所述第一电力变换器处的所述电力变换以便从所述定子导体回收电力并且使用所述定子导体的所述交流电而从所述定子施加转矩到所述第二转子,并且所述控制单元控制在所述第二电力变换器处的所述电力变换以便将电力供应到所述转子导体并且使用所述转子导体的所述交流电而从所述第二转子施加转矩到所述第一转子。
5.根据权利要求2所述的动力传递装置,其中
在所述起动操作期间所述控制单元控制使用所述转子导体的所述交流电而从所述第二转子施加到所述第一转子的所述转矩以及使用所述定子导体的所述交流电而从所述定子施加到所述第二转子的所述转矩,使得在所述第一电力变换器处变换的电力量与在所述第二电力变换器处变换的电力量之间的差小于或等于设定量。
6.根据权利要求1所述的动力传递装置,其中
当所述控制单元判定从所述电力存储装置能够供应的电力量小于当在所述驱动轴处在停止状态下启动所述发动机时所要求的电力量时,所述控制单元实施所述惯性能量存储操作和所述起动操作。
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