CN103444506B - Artificial breeding method for fry of Sargassum muticum - Google Patents
Artificial breeding method for fry of Sargassum muticum Download PDFInfo
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- CN103444506B CN103444506B CN201310429009.XA CN201310429009A CN103444506B CN 103444506 B CN103444506 B CN 103444506B CN 201310429009 A CN201310429009 A CN 201310429009A CN 103444506 B CN103444506 B CN 103444506B
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Abstract
The invention provides an artificial breeding method for fry of Sargassum muticum. According to the technical scheme, the method includes: 1, seedling selection and maturity promotion, namely selecting healthy Sargassum muticum seedlings having a receptacle, gripping the seedlings, and drying the seedlings in the shade to stimulate fertilized eggs to diffuse when eggs are rested on the receptacles of Sargassum muticum; 2, indoor seedling collection and cultivation, namely placing a seedling curtain and a glass slide at the bed of a seedling collection basin to collect seedlings and microscopically examine density of attached seedlings, and cultivating the seedlings in sea when the seedlings grow to the proper size; 3, sea cultivation and breeding, namely, selecting a sea curtain-hanging manner according to water temperature, controlling light, and selecting a proper culture water layer to allow seedlings of Sargassum muticum to grow healthily. The method has the advantages that the seedlings of Sargassum muticum are bred artificially according to the sexual propagation features of Sargassum muticum by means of techniques such as seedling maturity promotion, indoor seedling collection and cultivation and sea breeding.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mariculture technology field, specifically, relate to and a kind ofly utilize sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo sexual reproduction to carry out the method for artificial breeding with the sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seed that secures good health.
Background technology
Sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo is a kind of algae with economic worth, can be used as the raw material of feed and extraction algin.In addition, sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo also has the biological nature of Adsorption of Heavy Metals, therefore can be used as the instrument marine alga that purifies greater coasting area.Sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo is grown seedlings study limitation indoor at present, does not form a set of complete technical method.Therefore, industrially also there is no the technical scheme of the method for sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo artificial breeding.
Summary of the invention
A kind of method that provides sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo fingerlings artificial to breed is provided the object of the invention, utilizes sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo sexual propagation feature, by technical methods such as the accelerating that plants vegetables, indoor seeding cultivation, maricultures, breeds thereby realize sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo fingerlings artificial.
The present invention mainly solves following technical problem:
1, the accelerating that plants vegetables: sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo is generally grown in below the water surface, a large amount of synchronous ripe sargassum kjellmanianum Yendos of more difficult disposable acquisition plant vegetables, and concentrate, to obtain a large amount of sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo fertilized eggs are the prerequisites of carrying out artificial breeding.
2, indoor seeding is cultivated: control the time that suitable collect seedling density and seedling are plunged into the commercial sea.
3, marine cultivation and cultivation: sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo is prone to de-seedling at sea and causes emergence rate low while cultivation, how cultivating and cultivate out healthy healthy and strong sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seedling is at sea a problem demanding prompt solution.
In order to realize technical problem to be solved by this invention, technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of method that sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo fingerlings artificial is bred, and described method following steps are carried out:
(1), plant vegetables and select and accelerating: plant vegetables when sea area temperature starts to collect sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo during at 11-13 DEG C, plant vegetables and select receptacle to physically well develop, the marine alga of frond stalwartness, by the sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo filtering out plant vegetables clean with seawater flushing after, press from both sides seedling with seedling rope, 5-7 strain plants vegetables folder when seedling that to gather be 1 bunch, each bunch of spacing setting, after folder seedling, seedling rope is bundled in the accelerating cultivation that plants vegetables on scaffold in indoor raising of seedling the pond in, illumination is controlled at 5000-30000 lx, water temperature is controlled at 12-15 DEG C, salinity is not less than 25 ‰, every day, flowing water was cultivated 3-4 hour, nursery pond is cultivated about 10-30 days, the sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo maturation that can obtain extension ovum plants vegetables,
(2), collect seedling: choose the sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo maturation taking-up nursery pond that plants vegetables, In Shade dry in the shade stimulation 25-35 minute, then be placed on the depth of water and be not less than collecting seedling in pond of 500mm, collect seedling at the bottom of pond and complete in advance seedling curtain for collecting seedling, put into 3-5 slide, for microscopy spatfall density simultaneously, within every 4-8 hour, stir in the pond of collecting seedling and plant vegetables once, plant vegetables and diffuse after 24-48 hour, start microscopic examination glass carrier, when sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo triploidy rate on slide is not less than 80/cm
2time, will plant vegetables and take out the pond of collecting seedling, throw aside, should in pond, supplement and plant vegetables if microscopy density is on the low side, until reach above-mentioned density, to collect seedling in process, illumination is controlled at 3000-10000lx, and water temperature is not higher than 19 DEG C, and salinity is not less than 25 ‰;
(3), support temporarily in the pond of collecting seedling: the seedling curtain after collecting seedling continues to cultivate 2-3 days at the hydrostatic of collecting seedling in pond, the sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo fertilized egg firm attachment of diffusing wait planting vegetables on seedling curtain after, collect seedling pond need to change water continue cultivate, collecting seedling, to change water frequency be 3-4 day/time in pond, seedling curtain artificial left and right shake every day 2-3 time, prevents that the assorted algae of dirt from adhering to, and within every 3 days, microscopy is observed sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seedling development situation once, in the time that seedling average length is greater than 1mm, seedling curtain can be transferred marine continuation and cultivate;
(4), mariculture: when seawater water temperature is below 19 DEG C, when the not enough 20000lx of top layer illumination under water, seedling curtain can take level to hang breeding way, by seedling curtain two ends respectively tether be fixed on the parallel floating well rope in two, mariculture district, seedling curtain level is immersed under sea, on seedling curtain, there is one side that seedling adheres to upwards, if illumination is excessively strong, suitably reduction level keeps hanging water layer, within every 2-3 days, pendulum curtain rinses once, in the time of seawater water temperature to 19-20 DEG C, change into and hang breeding way from above, take off from two floating well ropes by seedling curtain, after the doubling of seedling curtain by outside the one side that has seedling to adhere to, one end of seedling curtain is fixed on floating well rope, other end tether binding pendant thing falls under sea level seedling curtain, the degree of depth is hung in adjustment from above, illumination is not higher than 20000lx, hanging the every 3-5 of seedling curtain days pendulum curtains from above rinses once, in the time that water temperature rises to more than 22 DEG C, sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo poor growth, should add profundal zone to reduce illumination to 10000-15000 lx, and should suitably increase and wash away frequency, put only harmful organisms invasion and attack seedling curtain, if water temperature is reduced to below 19 DEG C, can change the flat continuation cultivation of hanging into by hanging from above,
After mariculture 3-4 month, can obtain the healthy sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seedling of 40-60mm, seedling curtain can be fixed on artificial algal reef to be thrown in coastal waters, for restoration of the ecosystem, or sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seedling is continued at sea to cultivate to adult.
Condition of culture in the time that support temporarily in the pond of collecting seedling is: illumination is not higher than 30000lx, and water temperature is not higher than 20 DEG C, and salinity is not less than 25 ‰, solubility content of inorganic nitrogen in (DIN) 15-20 μ mol/L, Soluble Inorganic Phosphorus content (DIP) 0.3-0.5 μ mol/L.
Support in process temporarily in the pond of collecting seedling, if seedling curtain is covered and needs to adopt current to rinse by dirt, flow rate of water flow should, not higher than 0.8m/s, cause seedling with protection against erosion.
When the daily management of mariculture, in the time that on seedling curtain, mud scum or invertebrate adhere in a large number, need to adopt sea to wash away mode to avoid growth of seedling to be affected, Wash flow flow velocity is 1 m/s, in the time adhering to a large amount of assorted algae on seedling curtain, need the assorted algae of excision in time in case assorted algae is covered seedling curtain and occur de-seedling.
Plant vegetables select with accelerating in, seedling rope used is the nylon rope of diameter 8-15mm.
Plant vegetables select with accelerating in, each bunch of spacing 80-120mm.
The main points of the technical scheme that as seen through the above technical solutions, technical solution problem of the present invention adopts are as follows:
1, plant vegetables and select and accelerating: select the healthy sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo with receptacle to plant vegetables after folder seedling, support temporarily controlled light at nursery pond, by changing the water management water temperature upper limit.Have the ovum of extension on sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo receptacle time, dry in the shade stimulation fertilized egg is diffused.
2, indoor seeding is cultivated: at the bottom of the pond of collecting seedling, the placement chemical fibre door curtain made of cloth and slide are respectively used to collect seedling and microscopy spatfall density.The fertilized egg of diffusing that plants vegetables is attached on the door curtain made of cloth, by spatfall quantity on microscopic examination glass carrier, controls the density of collecting seedling.After having collected seedling, first hydrostatic is cultivated flowing water again and is cultivated, the cultivation of can plunging into the commercial sea in the time of the extremely suitable size of growth of seedling.
3, marine cultivation and cultivation: select seedling curtain offshore suspended mode according to water temperature height, controlled light is selected suitable cultivation water layer, and in conjunction with marine management method, prevents that mud scum, harmful organisms from affecting the healthy growth of sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seedling.
Because sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo has stronger biological adsorption ability to heavy metal in seawater (nickel, cadmium etc.), so can be used as the instrument marine alga of purifying sea water, cultivating large area sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo coordinate artificial algal reef to build submarine forest.The present invention, by propagating the sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seedling that can obtain 4-6cm artificially, can be artificial algae field sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seed is provided, for Offshore Ecology environment remediation.
Sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo is as aquaculture feed, and available sea cucumber, abalone culture, can alleviate to a certain extent the aquatic products such as sea cucumber, abalone economic animal and cultivate the dependence to extraordinary marine alga (sargassum thunbergii, Zostera marina etc.).
Algal polysaccharide in sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo, polyphenol have important biomolecule activity and can be used for biomedicine field.
Sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo artificial raise seedling method of the present invention provides the sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seedling of cultivation use; solve the under-supply and destruction to natural resources of current sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo natural resources; by propagating artificially, sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo can be sea cucumber, abalone high-quality bait is processed provides important raw and processed materials; promote the development of sea cucumber, abalone culture industry; and can be used as the instrument marine alga that purifies coastal ocean environment, significant for protection nearshore marine environment.
The present invention has realized sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo artificial breeding.Major advantage performance is as follows:
1, realizing fertilized egg obtains in batches: sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo is owing to being difficult for obtaining a large amount of ripe fertilized eggs, thereby artificial breeding research is confined to indoorly always, does not realize scale.
2, grasp the suitable density of collecting seedling: the sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo density of collecting seedling is low, when later stage mariculture, assorted algae adheres to seriously, and management difficulty is large; Density is too high, and growth of seedling speed is influenced, and seedling is little is subject to animal invasion and attack.The suitable density of collecting seedling, is conducive to seedling Fast Growth, reduces final-period management cost.
3, the marine nurturing period of seedling: nursery pond is cultivated overlong time, can directly increase aquaculture cost; Time is too short, seedling storm resisting capacity a little less than, easily de-seedling.Hold the suitable mariculture time, be conducive to reduce aquaculture cost, improve emergence rate.
4, mariculture mode: regulate breeding way according to marine actual conditions, employing level cultivation when water temperature is low, compared with intense light irradiation stimulating growth; When water temperature is high, adopt vertically cultivation, reduce light intensity and avoid assorted algae to adhere in a large number.Marine tour managed at ordinary times in addition, prevents that mud scum and invertebrate from adhering to.
In sum, sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo artificial breeding method of the present invention, can realize sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seedling artificial breeding, and sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seed secures good health.
Embodiment
The method of a kind of sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo fingerlings artificial of the present invention being bred below in conjunction with embodiment is elaborated, and described method step is as follows:
1, plant vegetables and select and accelerating: sea area temperature starts to collect sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo and plants vegetables in the time of 12 DEG C, plant vegetables and select receptacle to physically well develop, the marine alga of frond stalwartness.By the sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo filtering out plant vegetables clean with seawater flushing after, press from both sides seedling with the nylon rope of diameter 8-15 mm, while pressing from both sides seedling, 5-7 strain plants vegetables, and to gather be 1 bunch, every bunch of spacing 10cm.After folder seedling, seedling rope is bundled in the accelerating that plants vegetables on scaffold in nursery pond and cultivates, and illumination is controlled at 5000-30000 lx, and water temperature is controlled at 12-15 DEG C, and salinity is not less than 25 ‰, and every day, flowing water was cultivated 3-4 hour.Nursery pond is cultivated about 10-30 days, and the maturation that can obtain extension ovum plants vegetables.
2, collect seedling: choose the maturation taking-up nursery pond that plants vegetables, In Shade dry in the shade stimulation 30 minutes, is then placed on the depth of water and is not less than collecting seedling in pond of 50cm.Collect seedling at the bottom of pond and complete in advance the chemical fibre door curtain made of cloth for collecting seedling, put into 3-5 slide, for microscopy spatfall density simultaneously.Within every 4-8 hour, stir in the pond of collecting seedling and plant vegetables once, plant vegetables and diffuse after 24-48h, start microscopic examination glass carrier, in the time that triploidy rate on slide is not less than 80/cm2, will plants vegetables and take out the pond of collecting seedling, throw aside.Can in pond, supplement and plant vegetables if microscopy density is on the low side, until reach proper density.Collect seedling in process, illumination is controlled at 3000-10000lx, and water temperature is not higher than 19 DEG C, and salinity is not less than 25 ‰.
3, support temporarily in the pond of collecting seedling: the seedling curtain after collecting seedling continues to cultivate 2-3 days at the hydrostatic of collecting seedling in pond, the fertilized egg firm attachment of diffusing wait planting vegetables on seedling curtain after, the pond of collecting seedling needs to change water and continues to cultivate.Collecting seedling, to change water frequency be 3-4 day/time in pond, and seedling curtain artificial left and right shake every day 2-3 time prevents that the dirt algae of mixing from adhering to.Condition of culture is: illumination is not higher than 30000lx, and water temperature is not higher than 20 DEG C, and salinity is not less than 25 ‰, solubility content of inorganic nitrogen in (DIN, DIN is solubility inorganic nitrogen) 15-20 μ mol/L, Soluble Inorganic Phosphorus content (DIP, DIP Soluble Inorganic Phosphorus) 0.3-0.5 μ mol/L.Within every 3 days, microscopy is observed sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seedling development situation once, and in the time that seedling average length is greater than 1mm, seedling curtain can be plunged into the commercial sea and be continued to cultivate.Support in process temporarily in the pond of collecting seedling, if seedling curtain is covered and needs to adopt current to rinse by dirt, flow rate of water flow should be higher than 0.8m/s, and takes the circumstances into consideration to reduce flow velocity according to actual conditions, causes and falls in a large number seedling with protection against erosion.
4, mariculture: seawater water temperature is below 19 DEG C, when the not enough 20000lx of top layer illumination under water, seedling curtain can be taked the flat breeding way of hanging, by seedling curtain two ends respectively tether be fixed on the parallel floating well rope in two, mariculture district, seedling curtain level is immersed under sea, be 90 ° of angles with floating well rope level, on seedling curtain, have one side that seedling adheres to upwards.If illumination is excessively strong, can suitably reduce the flat water layer of hanging, within every 2-3 days, pendulum curtain rinses once.In the time of seawater water temperature to 19-20 DEG C, change into and hang breeding way from above, to take off from two floating well ropes by seedling curtain, after the doubling of seedling curtain, by outside the one side that has seedling to adhere to, one end of seedling curtain is fixed on floating well rope, and other end tether binding dropstone falls under sea level seedling curtain.The degree of depth is hung in adjustment from above, and illumination, not higher than 20000lx, is hung the every 3-5 of seedling curtain days pendulum curtains from above and rinsed once.In the time that water temperature rises to more than 22 DEG C, sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo growth is very slow, can add profundal zone to reduce illumination to 10000-15000 lx, and should suitably increase and wash away frequency, puts only harmful organisms invasion and attack seedling curtain.If water temperature is reduced to below 19 DEG C, can change the flat continuation cultivation of hanging into by hanging from above.When marine daily management, in the time that mud scum or invertebrate adhere in a large number on seedling curtain, need to adopt sea to wash away mode to avoid growth of seedling to be affected, Wash flow flow velocity is 1 m/s; In the time adhering to a large amount of assorted algae on seedling curtain, need the assorted algae of excision in time in case assorted algae is covered seedling curtain and occur de-seedling.
After mariculture 3-4 month, can obtain the healthy sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seedling of 4-6cm.Seedling curtain can be fixed on artificial algal reef to be thrown in coastal waters, for restoration of the ecosystem.Also sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seedling can be continued at sea cultivate to adult, using as sea cucumber, abalone culture feed.
Claims (1)
1. the method that sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo fingerlings artificial is bred, is characterized in that, described method is carried out according to the following steps:
(1), plant vegetables and select and accelerating: plant vegetables when sea area temperature starts to collect sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo during at 11-13 DEG C, plant vegetables and select receptacle to physically well develop, the marine alga of frond stalwartness, by the sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo filtering out plant vegetables clean with seawater flushing after, press from both sides seedling with seedling rope, 5-7 strain plants vegetables folder when seedling that to gather be 1 bunch, each bunch of spacing setting, after folder seedling, seedling rope is bundled in the accelerating cultivation that plants vegetables on scaffold in indoor raising of seedling the pond in, illumination is controlled at 5000-30000 lx, water temperature is controlled at 12-15 DEG C, salinity is not less than 25 ‰, every day, flowing water was cultivated 3-4 hour, nursery pond is cultivated 10-30 days, the sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo maturation that obtains extension ovum plants vegetables,
(2), collect seedling: choose the sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo maturation taking-up nursery pond that plants vegetables, In Shade dry in the shade stimulation 25-35 minute, then be placed on the depth of water and be not less than collecting seedling in pond of 500mm, collect seedling at the bottom of pond and complete in advance seedling curtain for collecting seedling, put into 3-5 slide, for microscopy spatfall density simultaneously, within every 4-8 hour, stir in the pond of collecting seedling and plant vegetables once, plant vegetables and diffuse after 24-48 hour, start microscopic examination glass carrier, when sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo triploidy rate on slide is not less than 80/cm
2time, will plant vegetables and take out the pond of collecting seedling, throw aside, should in pond, supplement and plant vegetables if microscopy density is on the low side, until reach above-mentioned density, to collect seedling in process, illumination is controlled at 3000-10000lx, and water temperature is not higher than 19 DEG C, and salinity is not less than 25 ‰;
(3), support temporarily in the pond of collecting seedling: the seedling curtain after collecting seedling continues to cultivate 2-3 days at the hydrostatic of collecting seedling in pond, the sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo fertilized egg firm attachment of diffusing wait planting vegetables on seedling curtain after, collect seedling pond need to change water continue cultivate, collecting seedling, to change water frequency be 3-4 day/time in pond, seedling curtain artificial left and right shake every day 2-3 time, prevents that the assorted algae of dirt from adhering to, and within every 3 days, microscopy is observed sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seedling development situation once, in the time that seedling average length is greater than 1mm, seedling curtain can be transferred marine continuation and cultivate;
(4), mariculture: when seawater water temperature is below 19 DEG C, when the not enough 20000lx of top layer illumination under water, seedling curtain takes level to hang breeding way, by seedling curtain two ends respectively tether be fixed on the parallel floating well rope in two, mariculture district, seedling curtain level is immersed under sea, on seedling curtain, there is one side that seedling adheres to upwards, if illumination is excessively strong, suitably reduction level keeps hanging water layer, within every 2-3 days, pendulum curtain rinses once, in the time of seawater water temperature to 19-20 DEG C, change into and hang breeding way from above, take off from two floating well ropes by seedling curtain, after the doubling of seedling curtain by outside the one side that has seedling to adhere to, one end of seedling curtain is fixed on floating well rope, other end tether binding pendant thing falls under sea level seedling curtain, the degree of depth is hung in adjustment from above, illumination is not higher than 20000lx, hanging the every 3-5 of seedling curtain days pendulum curtains from above rinses once, in the time that water temperature rises to more than 22 DEG C, sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo poor growth, should add profundal zone to reduce illumination to 10000-15000 lx, and should suitably increase and wash away frequency, put only harmful organisms invasion and attack seedling curtain, if water temperature is reduced to below 19 DEG C, to hang from above and change the flat continuation cultivation of hanging into,
After mariculture 3-4 month, can obtain the healthy sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seedling of 40-60mm, seedling curtain is fixed on artificial algal reef to be thrown in coastal waters, for restoration of the ecosystem, or sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seedling is continued at sea to cultivate to adult.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the condition of culture while supporting temporarily in the pond of collecting seedling is: illumination is not higher than 30000lx, and water temperature is not higher than 20 DEG C, and salinity is not less than 25 ‰, solubility content of inorganic nitrogen in 15-20 μ mol/L, Soluble Inorganic Phosphorus content 0.3-0.5 μ mol/L.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: support in process temporarily in the pond of collecting seedling, if seedling curtain is covered and needs to adopt current to rinse by dirt, flow rate of water flow should, not higher than 0.8m/s, cause seedling with protection against erosion.
4. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: when the daily management of mariculture, in the time that on seedling curtain, mud scum or invertebrate adhere in a large number, need to adopt sea to wash away mode to avoid growth of seedling to be affected, Wash flow flow velocity is 1 m/s, in the time adhering to a large amount of assorted algae on seedling curtain, need the assorted algae of excision in time in case assorted algae is covered seedling curtain and occur de-seedling.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: plant vegetables select with accelerating in, seedling rope used is the nylon rope of diameter 8-15mm.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: plant vegetables select with accelerating in, each bunch of spacing 80-120mm.
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| CN106212263B (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2022-09-20 | 山东省海洋科学研究院(青岛国家海洋科学研究中心) | Sargassum muticum attaching base supporting device and sargassum muticum fine variety breeding method |
| CN106489710B (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2019-03-22 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | A kind of high algin strain development of sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo and cultural method |
| CN107047280A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-08-18 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | A kind of intensive method of collecting seedling of sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo |
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| CN112790102B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2023-07-21 | 山东省海洋科学研究院(青岛国家海洋科学研究中心) | Treatment method for promoting efficient accumulation of brown algae polyphenols in sargassum muticum |
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