CN106489793B - A kind of sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo and sea cucumber cofferdam polyculture method - Google Patents
A kind of sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo and sea cucumber cofferdam polyculture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106489793B CN106489793B CN201610938518.9A CN201610938518A CN106489793B CN 106489793 B CN106489793 B CN 106489793B CN 201610938518 A CN201610938518 A CN 201610938518A CN 106489793 B CN106489793 B CN 106489793B
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- 241000251511 Holothuroidea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 241000195474 Sargassum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000009344 polyculture Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 claims description 16
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011511 Diospyros Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000236655 Diospyros kaki Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical group [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NYNKCGWJPNZJMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clebopride malate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O.COC1=CC(N)=C(Cl)C=C1C(=O)NC1CC[NH+](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1 NYNKCGWJPNZJMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000007199 Panicum miliaceum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000022185 broomcorn panic Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of sargassum kjellmanianum Yendos and sea cucumber cofferdam stereoscopic cultivation method, belong to aquaculture field.In order to overcome some problem present in the single breed variety breeding process of tradition (such as: water eutrophication, dissolved oxygen amount is low, illumination is strong, substrate is bad etc.), the present invention combines the technical advantage of algae culturing and holothruian cultures, learn from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses, establish a kind of sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo and sea cucumber cofferdam three-dimensional culture mode, it includes that cofferdam is built, breeding environment is adjusted, seed is launched, aquaculture management, and harvest product and etc., related experiment shows, be conducive to sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo and the mixed breeding of sea cucumber cofferdam to improve breeding water body environment, be conducive to improve holothruian cultures quality and yield, be conducive to traditional extensive aquaculture mode to make the transition to intensive culture mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sargassum kjellmanianum Yendos and sea cucumber cofferdam polyculture method, belong to aquaculture field.
Background technique
It is also increasing to the demand of sea cucumber in recent years due to the improvement of people's living standards, but due to China's week
Side maritime environment pollution is serious, and sea cucumber requires water environment high, and therefore, raiser can only turn to indoor culture, although wild
Raw holothruian cultures fall into a decline, and still, indoor culture but surges forward, and due to the rise of indoor culture, makes the production of China sea cucumber
Amount quickly improves.
Cofferdam culturing sea cucumbers refer in suitable inner bay, the fill cofferdam in conjunction with the characteristics of rock reef trend and gulf mouthful.In addition,
The upper tidal zone in conditional, can also be with topography fill cofferdam.In fact, and belong to enclose the pool support sea cucumber scope.But at present
Cofferdam culturing sea cucumbers effect is also less desirable, is primarily present following technical deficiency:
(1) cultivation cofferdam ecological environment needs to be improved.Sea cucumber is grown in marine algae resource seabed abundant naturally, and cofferdam is supported
It grows and lacks tangleweed group in pond.The missing of the medium-and-large-sized seaweed of the cofferdam ecosystem is so that sea cucumber lacks oneself inhabited, looked for food
Right habitat, thus cause cofferdam culturing sea cucumbers quality not high, influence product market value.
(2) breeding water body dissolved oxygen amount in cofferdam is insufficient.Its individual oxygen demand increases with weight gain during holothruian cultures,
In addition highdensity breeding environment be easy to cause breeding water body dissolved oxygen relatively low.Further, since what is generated in holothruian cultures largely has
Machine clast oxygenolysis needs to consume water body dissolved oxygen, to aggravate breeding water body dissolved oxygen demand.Currently, can only be by manually increasing
Oxygen equipment carries out artificial oxygenation to breeding water body, thus causes the increase of holothruian cultures cost.
(3) it is not easy to adjust illumination in the breeding process of cofferdam.Sea cucumber has photophobism to strong light stimulus, however in cofferdam bottom of pond
Realize that the light of large area adjusts tool and acquires a certain degree of difficulty.Since the cofferdam depth of water is limited, water turbidity is unsuitable excessively high in breeding process,
Therefore habitat can only be provided for sea cucumber by manually increasing veil.And veil selection is improper, it is possible to so that cultivation
Harmful substance dissolution endangers sea cucumber seed health in veil in the process.
Therefore the drawbacks described above of cofferdam cultivation has become urgent problem in holothruian cultures, for mentioning
The promotion of high holothruian cultures yield and sea cucumber quality has great importance.Based on this, the present invention is specifically proposed.
CN104585090A discloses a kind of remodeling method of holothruian cultures cofferdam substrate, comprising steps of S1, preparation 1-
The oyster shell fragment of 2cm, and do sterilization treatment；Microbial inoculum is transformed in S2, embedding substrate: oyster shell fragment and bacteria suspension are added to brown alga
After mixing in acid sodium solution, oyster shell fragment is transferred to CaCl2In solution, by crosslinked action, it is rinsed with water on oyster shell
Remaining calcium chloride solution；S3, by step S2 oyster shell fragment dispersing and settling to holothruian cultures cofferdam bottom.The patent application is simultaneously
It is not able to satisfy sea cucumber and is protected from light demand during the growth process, and environment purification ability is limited.
It is respectively hollow pillar stand and reality that CN101336620, which discloses a kind of pond and cofferdam sea cucumber culture device, quadrangle,
Heart column, and have frame to connect into square frame therebetween, centre has the mould plate of through-hole as sea cucumber channel, during which is
Four inclined plates between column and frame of empty column and solid column.The identical structural unit of above structure is interactive folded by just falling
It is combined into the complex structure body of multilayer.Above-mentioned iterative structure body upper and lower part mould plate is respectively that light light-transmitting plate and dark color are opaque
Plate.Mould plate is corrugated plating or plate, is molded and is made using non-toxic material, is formed by stacking by the identical monomer of multiple shapes, easily
Batch micro operations, are easily moved at easy cleaning.The device lower part monomer is dark impermeable tabula rasa, can play the role of sea cucumber screening and hide；Top is single
Body is light light-transmitting plate, can raw sea cucumber natural bait and the biomembrane that purifies water.Whole device have concurrently sea cucumber hide hide, bait
Production, purification of water quality triple functions and be widely applied.The apparatus structure is complicated, and is unfavorable for flexibly being adjusted according to sunshine situation
Section.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome bad habitat present in the breeding process of sea cucumber cofferdam, dissolved oxygen amount is low and illumination is not easy the skill adjusted
Art is insufficient, and a kind of sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo of the present invention and sea cucumber cofferdam polyculture method, related experiment show to raise together sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo and sea cucumber cofferdam
When can be effectively improved breeding water body environment, be conducive to improve and holothruian cultures yield and improve cultivation quality.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned technical effect:
A kind of sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo and sea cucumber cofferdam polyculture method, specifically include the following steps:
1) cofferdam is built: selecting no less than 0.5 hectare of shallow sea as cofferdam addressing, cofferdam substrate must be gravel or rock
Reef, the control cofferdam depth of water are 2~3 meters；Water inlet and discharge outlet is arranged for water exchange water in cofferdam, cofferdam water inlet in cofferdam
With discharge outlet apart from moderate, self-pollution is prevented；
2) breeding environment is adjusted: before cultivation seed is launched, adjusting the salinity range in cofferdam is 25~35 ‰, pH range
It is 7.8~8.7, bottom of pond dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen is not higher than 0.1mg/L；
3) seed is launched: launching sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seed and sea cucumber seed, wherein sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seed selects frond in 10~20cm
Persimmon frond in range is launched, and passes through seedling rope clamp seedling before launching, seedling rope is hung on adjacent in parallel after the completion of folder seedling
Between hawser, hawser can control the growth depth of sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seed by adjustment length；Sea cucumber seed selective body weight 1g or more, rule
Seed of the lattice in 600~800/kg is launched, and sea cucumber seed throw-in density is 2000~4000/mu；
4) aquaculture management: quantity of exchanged water, Illumination adjusting, sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo frond seedling separation and the feed in cofferdam are launched after dispensing
It is managed, wherein in cofferdam during the spring tide in addition to quantity of exchanged water 30~50%, remaining day quantity of exchanged water average out to 10%；According to day illumination
The intensity of illumination for penetrating intensity adjustment sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo cultivation water layer, so that intensity of illumination is within the scope of 15000lx；When sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo algae
When body length reaches 40cm or more, it need to be divided into seedlings；Appropriate addition feed is needed for 2 sea cucumber more than age, feed is with sea
Based on algae powder and mixed feed, Feeding time selection is advisable at dusk, feeds within 3~5 days once, water temperature is at 5 DEG C or less or 21
DEG C or more stop feed, residual bait amount be not higher than 6%；
5) harvest product: 3 sea cucumber more than age can harvest in batches, and harvest time is preferably autumn；It is extra large in breeding process
When attached ovum quantity significantly reduces on broomcorn millet receptacle, it can harvest.
According to sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo described above and sea cucumber cofferdam polyculture method, wherein it is described the step of 1) specifically include following step
Rapid: the spring tide withered damp phase lays ruckle in cofferdam bottom of pond, and ruckle is laid along cofferdam pool side in parallel into strips, parallel between ruckle
It is laid with hawser, hawser one end is fixed, other end adjustable-length, and it is more to hang system to adjust water layer when sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo cultivation, on hawser
A floating ball, floating ball quantity are hung seedling amount according to seaweed and are determined.1~3m of general floating ball spacing.3 cables are at least laid between adjacent ruckle
Rope, 2.5~3m of hawser spacing.
Preferably, ruckle width is not more than 2m, and ruckle both ends are no less than 3m, gravel stack height far from cofferdam pool wall distance
No more than 40cm, adjacent ruckle spacing is no less than 6m, and used gravel diameter is not less than 10cm.
Preferably, 3 hawsers are at least laid between adjacent ruckle, the hawser is the nylon rope that diameter is not less than 3cm,
The hawser upper floating ball spacing is 1~3m.
According to sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo described above and sea cucumber cofferdam polyculture method, 4-6 plants are cluster when pressing from both sides seedling in the step 3),
Cluster spacing is 12~15cm, and seedling rope hangs 0.4~1m of spacing after the completion of pressing from both sides seedling, adjusts cable length, and sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo is made to cultivate water layer
Depth is 0.8~1.0m.
According to sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo described above and sea cucumber cofferdam polyculture method, seaweed seedling and sea cucumbers are same in the step 3)
When launch or sequence launch, it is preferable that seaweed seedling winter-spring season launch, sea cucumbers spring and autumn launch.
According to sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo described above and sea cucumber cofferdam polyculture method, in the step 4) Illumination adjusting according to seaweed not
It is adjusted with growth phase, adult (40cm or more) maximum intensity of illumination is no more than 15000 lx, and the young (10-40 cm) illumination is strong
Degree is 3000-10000lx.
The present invention has following beneficial technical effect compared with the existing technology:
(1) improve cofferdam breeding ecological environment.The suitable habitats of holothruian cultures are that rock reef, gravel substrate and seaweed are abundant
Environment.But since coastal ecology environment is degenerated, influence of the artificial cofferdam to natural ecology, so that many offshore cofferdam aquaculture pond
Medium-and-large-sized marine algae resource is deficient, and cofferdam cultivation causes ammonia nitrogen concentration in breeding water body to rise, to cause cofferdam breeding ecological ring
Border deteriorates, and holothruian cultures yield is also affected.The present invention repairs breeding environment by introducing seaweed in cultivation cofferdam, and
By the biological characteristic of sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo sexual propagation, by cultivating throughout the year, relatively stable natural community can be formed in bottom of pond, from
And the improvement breeding environment of essence.
(2) alleviate cofferdam and cultivate dissolved oxygen demand pressure.Single holothruian cultures cofferdam mode is supported since breed variety is single
It grows that density is unreasonable to be easy to appear cofferdam aquaculture pond anoxic, to cause the high-volume of sea cucumber seed dead in a short time, is
Sea cucumber cofferdam cultivates matter of utmost importance urgently to be resolved.Existing settling mode is mainly artificial oxygenation, therefore has increase accordingly and supported
The cost consumptions such as equipment, the energy grown.Using the method for the present invention, the artificial breeding of tangleweed-sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo is carried out in cofferdam
Dissolved oxygen amount in cultivation cofferdam can not only be increased by algae photosynthetic oxygen evolution, and holothruian cultures can be utilized in sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo breeding process
The excessive nitrogen source of middle generation prevents the mass propagation of cofferdam bottom of pond aerobic microbiological, maintains cofferdam ecological environment.The method of the present invention
By biological technique method, the dissolved oxygen of cofferdam aquaculture pond is improved, reduces sea cucumber cofferdam aquaculture cost.
(3) it adjusts cofferdam and cultivates illumination.The cultivation of sea cucumber cofferdam needs conditioning tank back light to shine, and correlative study shows sea cucumber in height
(20000lx or more) has photophobism under illumination condition.Since the cofferdam depth of water is relatively fixed, holothruian cultures water turbidity is also unsuitable
It is excessively high, therefore can only be by way of increasing veil come conditioning tank back light photograph.Using the method for the present invention, it is appropriate to lay in pond
The seaweed of scale can effectively change bottom of pond illumination, provide favorable environment for holothruian cultures, together by adjusting algae culturing water layer
When prevent micro algae mass propagation.In addition, can also reduce artificial veil in the injected volume of bottom of pond.Doing veil with gravel is
Example, tradition cultivation are 100m in bottom of pond gravel injected volume3, 60m is only needed in bottom of pond gravel injected volume using this patent method3, effectively
Aquaculture cost is saved.
Detailed description of the invention
The cofferdam Fig. 1 cultivates schematic diagram, wherein 1 is ruckle；2 be hawser；3 be cultivation seedling rope；4 be floating ball.
Specific embodiment
It is discussed further the present invention below by way of specific embodiment, but the field technical staff should be able to know, the reality
It applies example and does not limit the invention patent protection scope in any way, those skilled in the art are in the base for not changing thinking of the present invention
It should all include within the protection scope of this patent to the modification of technical solution or transformation on plinth.
Sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo of the present invention and sea cucumber cofferdam polyculture method specifically include the following steps:
1. cofferdam is built: cofferdam requires to be no less than 0.5 hectare for cultivation cofferdam area, and cofferdam substrate is gravel or rock reef,
The cofferdam depth of water is 2~3 meters.Outlet capacity is changed day 10% or more, water temperature is no less than 200 days every year in 1~23 DEG C of number of days.Cofferdam into
The mouth of a river and discharge outlet prevent self-pollution apart from moderate.Fig. 1 is that cofferdam cultivates schematic diagram, wherein 1 is ruckle；2 be hawser；3
To cultivate seedling rope；4 be floating ball.Cofferdam breeding facility lay specifically include the following steps:
1) ruckle (1) is laid in cofferdam bottom of pond in the spring tide withered damp phase, ruckle is laid along cofferdam pool side into strips, is laid
When ruckle width be not more than 2m, ruckle both ends far from cofferdam pool wall distance be no less than 3m, gravel stack height be no more than 40cm, gravel
Stone diameter is not less than 10cm.Adjacent ruckle spacing is no less than 6m, and ruckle is laid in parallel in cofferdam bottom of pond.
2) parallel laid hawser (2) between ruckle, hawser are not less than the nylon rope of 3cm using diameter, and hawser one end is solid
It is fixed, other end adjustable-length, to adjust water layer when sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo cultivation.Hanging on hawser is floating ball (4), and floating ball quantity is according to sea
Algae hangs seedling amount and determines, 1~3m of general floating ball spacing.3 hawsers, 2.5~3m of hawser spacing are at least laid between adjacent ruckle.
2. breeding environment is adjusted: before cultivation seed is launched, adjusting salinity range 25~35 ‰, pH range in cofferdam
7.8~8.7, bottom of pond dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen is not higher than 0.1mg/L；
3. seed is launched
1) sea cucumber seed is launched
Weight 1g or more is selected when sea cucumber seed is launched, specification is advisable in 600~800/kg, sea cucumber seed throw-in density
It is advisable in 2000~4000/mu.
2) sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seed is launched
It is more suitable for needing to carry out seedling rope before dispensing that sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seed, which selects 10~20cm or more of frond color persimmon frond,
(3) seedling is pressed from both sides.Seedling rope selects Fypro rope, 0.8~1.5cm of diameter, length 3m.4-6 plants are cluster, cluster spacing 12 when pressing from both sides seedling
~15cm.
Seedling rope is hung in parallel between adjacent hawser after the completion of folder seedling, seedling rope hangs 0.4~1m of spacing.It is long to adjust hawser
Degree makes sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo cultivate 0.8~1.0m of water depth.
4. aquaculture management
1) water is changed
Cofferdam day quantity of exchanged water average out to 10%, quantity of exchanged water 30~50% during spring tide.It is set when changing water in inlet and outlet
40~60 mesh screens are set largely to invade to avoid exogenous biological.
2) Illumination adjusting
When illumination is excessively high, (intensity of illumination is greater than 30000lx at underwater 5cm) adjusts cable length, reduces sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo cultivation
Water layer, the underwater 0.8~1.8m of water layer adjustable range.
3) seaweed is divided into seedlings
When sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo frond length reaches 40cm or more, it need to be divided into seedlings, the sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo on former cultivation seedling rope is removed,
Again with 2~3 plants of clusters, 15~30cm of cluster spacing is divided into seedlings.After seedling separation, seedling rope hung on hawser spacing be 60~
120cm, cultivation water depth are underwater 1~1.5m.
4) input
Appropriate addition feed is needed for 2 sea cucumber more than age, feed is based on seawood meal and mixed feed, Feeding time
Selection is advisable at dusk, feeds within 3~5 days once, water temperature is fed at 5 DEG C or less or in 21 DEG C or more stoppings, and residual bait amount is not higher than
6%.Sea cucumber seed below 2 ages is not needed to feed.Sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo does not need to carry out nutritive salt investment during cultivating.
5. harvest product
3 sea cucumber more than age can harvest in batches, and harvest time is advisable with autumn.The sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo of cultivation is at the mature end of frond
Phase, attached ovum quantity significantly reduces on receptacle, can harvest at this time, prevent frond from decaying in breeding water body, water quality is caused to dislike
Change.
Polyculture method of the present invention has following technical advantage:
(1) seaweed, sea cucumber cofferdam cultural technique method are combined, sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo is introduced into holothruian cultures cofferdam, is conducive to optimize
Cofferdam Aquaculture ecosystem.One side purifying water body environment, provided for sea cucumber seed inhabit, foraging site, be conducive to improve sea
Join cultured output and product quality；On the other hand, the breeding wastewater rich in ammonia nitrogen generated during holothruian cultures is sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo
Growth provides sufficient nutriment, is conducive to the fast-growth of seaweed.
(2) it is artificial veil as culturing sea cucumbers adjusting illumination using seaweed, can be reduced and launch the veils such as gravel in bottom of pond
Dosage, while can for sea cucumber grow suitable habitat be provided.In addition, tangleweed has the characteristic of photosynthetic oxygen evolution can
Increase water body dissolved oxygen amount, reduces the manpower and material resources consumption of artificial oxygenation, advantageously reduce holothruian cultures cost.
(3) there is sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo sexual propagation characteristic stable seaweed can be formed in cofferdam bottom of pond by the cultivation of many years
Group is conducive to the improvement cofferdam cultivation habitat of essence.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo and sea cucumber cofferdam polyculture method, specifically include the following steps:
1) cofferdam is built: selecting no less than 0.5 hectare of shallow sea as cofferdam addressing, cofferdam substrate must be gravel or rock reef, control
The cofferdam depth of water processed is 2~3 meters；Water inlet and discharge outlet is arranged for water exchange water, cofferdam water inlet and row in cofferdam in cofferdam
The mouth of a river prevents self-pollution apart from moderate；
2) breeding environment is adjusted: before cultivation seed is launched, adjusting the salinity range in cofferdam is that 25~35 ‰, pH range is
7.8~8.7, bottom of pond dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen is not higher than 0.1mg/L；
3) seed is launched: launching sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seed and sea cucumber seed, wherein sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seed selects frond in 10~20cm range
Interior persimmon frond is launched, and by seedling rope clamp seedling before launching, seedling rope hangs on adjacent hawser in parallel after the completion of pressing from both sides seedling
Between, hawser can control the growth depth of sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo seed by adjustment length；Sea cucumber seed selective body weight 1g or more, specification exist
The seed of 600~800/kg is launched, and sea cucumber seed throw-in density is 2000~4000/mu；
4) aquaculture management: quantity of exchanged water, Illumination adjusting, sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo frond seedling separation and the feed in cofferdam are launched and carried out after dispensing
Management, wherein in cofferdam during the spring tide in addition to quantity of exchanged water 30~50%, remaining day quantity of exchanged water average out to 10%；It is strong according to solar radiation
Degree adjusts the intensity of illumination of sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo cultivation water layer, so that intensity of illumination is within the scope of 15000lx；When sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo frond is long
When degree reaches 40cm or more, it need to be divided into seedlings；Appropriate addition feed is needed for 2 sea cucumber more than age, feed is with seawood meal
And based on mixed feed, Feeding time selection is advisable at dusk, feed within 3~5 days it is primary, water temperature at 5 DEG C or less or 21 DEG C with
Upper stopping is fed, and residual bait amount is not higher than 6%；
5) harvest product: 3 sea cucumber more than age can harvest in batches, and harvest time is preferably autumn；Sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo in breeding process
When attached ovum quantity significantly reduces on receptacle, it can harvest.
2. sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo according to claim 1 and sea cucumber cofferdam polyculture method, which is characterized in that the step 1) is specific
Include the following steps: that the spring tide withered damp phase lays ruckle in cofferdam bottom of pond, ruckle is laid along cofferdam pool side in parallel into strips, gravel
Parallel laid hawser between clitter, hawser one end are fixed, other end adjustable-length, to adjust water layer, cable when sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo cultivation
Hanging on rope is multiple floating balls, and floating ball quantity is hung seedling amount according to seaweed and determined；1~3m of floating ball spacing is at least spread between adjacent ruckle
If 3 hawsers, 2.5~3m of hawser spacing.
3. sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo according to claim 2 and sea cucumber cofferdam polyculture method, which is characterized in that the ruckle width
No more than 2m, both ends are no less than 3m far from cofferdam pool wall distance, are highly no more than 40cm, and adjacent ruckle spacing is no less than 6m, institute
It is not less than 10cm using gravel diameter.
4. sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo according to claim 2 and sea cucumber cofferdam polyculture method, which is characterized in that between adjacent ruckle at least
3 hawsers are laid with, the hawser is the nylon rope that diameter is not less than 3cm, and the hawser upper floating ball spacing is 1~3m.
5. sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo according to claim 1 and sea cucumber cofferdam polyculture method, which is characterized in that press from both sides seedling in the step 3)
When 4-6 plants be cluster, cluster spacing be 12~15cm, press from both sides seedling after the completion of seedling rope hang 0.4~1m of spacing, adjust cable length, make
It is 0.8~1.0m that sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo, which cultivates water depth,.
6. sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo according to claim 1 and sea cucumber cofferdam polyculture method, which is characterized in that extra large in the step 3)
Algae seedling and sea cucumbers are while launching or sequentially launching.
7. sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo according to claim 6 and sea cucumber cofferdam polyculture method, which is characterized in that seaweed seedling is thrown in winter-spring season
It puts, sea cucumbers are launched in spring and autumn.
8. sargassum kjellmanianum Yendo according to claim 1 and sea cucumber cofferdam polyculture method, which is characterized in that illumination in the step 4)
It adjusts and is adjusted according to seaweed different stages of growth, adult maximum intensity of illumination is no more than 15000 lx, and the intensity of illumination of the young is
3000-10000lx。
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