CN104686427A - Intensive ecological culture method for trachidermus fasciatus - Google Patents
Intensive ecological culture method for trachidermus fasciatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN104686427A CN104686427A CN201510143008.8A CN201510143008A CN104686427A CN 104686427 A CN104686427 A CN 104686427A CN 201510143008 A CN201510143008 A CN 201510143008A CN 104686427 A CN104686427 A CN 104686427A
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- 241001121148 Trachidermus fasciatus Species 0.000 title abstract 5
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 241000238571 Cladocera Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000700141 Rotifera Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 10
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001494246 Daphnia magna Species 0.000 claims description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021401 pellet diet Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 208000004232 Enteritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000269799 Perca fluviatilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269800 Percidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010035148 Plague Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009318 large scale farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an intensive ecological culture method for trachidermus fasciatus. The intensive ecological culture method specifically includes the steps of culture pond preparation, biological film fish nest distribution, biological film culture, pond ecosystem establishment and pond ecosystem maintenance. The intensive ecological culture method for the trachidermus fasciatus overcomes the shortcomings of low trachidermus fasciatus culture density, high death rate, low growth speed, waste of water, ponds and manpower resources and the like in existing trachidermus fasciatus culture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the intensive ecological cultivation method of a kind of Sungkiang weever, belong to technical field of aquaculture.
Background technology
Sungkiang weever is gained the name because originating in Songjiang, Shanghai, during sexual maturity, gill film has two orange twills, exactly likes 2 gill leaves, therefore have the title of " four-gill perch ".Sungkiang weever is a kind of small-sized river mouth migration fishes, and this fish swimming power is weak, likes hiding treating that zooplankton, small fish, shrimp prey on through out-of-date unexpected offensive attack in crack of stone, tile or clam shell.Sungkiang weever fine and tender taste, delicious flavour; sting less without raw meat; suffus an exquisite fragrance all around; enjoying endless aftertastes of food; start just often to appear in the poetry of scholar politician from the Tang Dynasty, also because of its uniqueness taste and rank first of " China four large fresh water name fishes " in the reputation in the literary world, have the laudatory title of " south of the River first place fish "; in recent years because of wild Sungkiang weever scarcity of resources, and be listed in national second class protection animal.
Cultivation at present about Sungkiang weever adopts plane aquaculture model more, namely bottom cement pit or sandstone pond, tile, shell etc. is laid as Sungkiang weever habitat---the aquaculture model of fish nest, this aquaculture model is simple to operate with low cost, but it is low to there is Sungkiang weever cultivation survival rate, density is low, growth rate is slow, many deficiencies such as water, pond and waste of human resource.
In Sungkiang weever long-term cultivation process, find that causing the low reason of Sungkiang weever cultivation survival rate to mainly contain following three: one is kill each other, internecine phenomenon is there is in this fish in breeding process, and it is higher at Sungkiang weever cultivation density, individual size heterogeneity is larger, and when very limited again for its hidden place, this internecine phenomenon is more remarkable, and then the lethality causing Sungkiang weever higher; Two is fish nest problems, Sungkiang weever only has when health both sides or back contact are even expressed to other objects just can obtain the enough sense of security, and in the culturing pool being placed with tile, Sungkiang weever can pierce bottom tile with strength, easily like this cause Sungkiang weever body surface to abrade and break out water mold and dead, also likely directly causing death because of excessive compression; Three is bait problems, under natural conditions Sungkiang weever with the live baits such as wheel animalcule, cladocera, small fish, shrimp for food, under cultivating condition with the flesh of fish or artifical compound feed for food, easily cause the unbalanced of food nutrition composition, thus cause the outburst of the disease that Sungkiang weever liver and gall syndrome and enteritis etc. are relevant to nutrient imbalance, finally cause the decline of survival rate.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to solve defect of the prior art, the invention provides the intensive ecological cultivation method of a kind of Sungkiang weever, and overcome current Sungkiang weever cultivation density low, lethality is high, and growth rate is slow, many deficiencies such as water, pond and waste of human resource.
Technical scheme: the intensive ecological cultivation method of a kind of Sungkiang weever, specifically comprises the steps:
Cultivating pool prepares
1) cultivating pool condition
Pond area 600 square metres, long 30m, wide 20m, the dark 1.5m in pond; Pool wall is cement material, is shale, pond is built double-deck booth at the bottom of pond, and single canopy span 6.5-7m, arranges double-layered sunshade net or film; A platform of throwing something and feeding respectively is established at two ends, Zhong Yanchang limit, pond; The tubular type of respectively to establish above platform both sides one to run through culturing pool of throwing something and feeding is thrown something and fed device automatically, in order to supplement pellet of throwing something and feeding; Pool wall is provided with fresh water and each water inlet of seawater, establishes a discharge outlet in pond, in order to change water and to regulate salinity;
2) distribution of biomembrane fish nest
Biomembrane fish nest is set in pond, and biomembrane fish nest is set as south-north direction, fish nest is kept the sun off perpendicular to the direction of sun direct projection, for the Sungkiang weever with habit of hiding by day and coming out at night provides a dark habitat; Adjacent two row's biomembrane fish nest interval 0.4 ~ 0.6m, biomembrane fish nest is apart from pool side 1 ~ 1.5m; 16 diameters are established to reach the nanometer aeration disk of 1m at the bottom of culturing pool, long limit along pond divides 4 rows to be arranged in parallel, and adjacent two row's aeration plates stagger mutually, nanometer aeration disk connects 3kw Roots blower, be 1.2 ~ 1.5m at the spacing distance being provided with nanometer aeration dish place biomembrane fish nest, and be 0.6m apart from the minimum range of nanometer aeration dish;
3) biomembranous cultivation
Cultivation early stage by the microbiologic population cultivated and optimize on biomembrane fish nest of splashing of rich water and probiotics, by regularly to apply fertilizer and micropopulation quantity is consolidated or increased to probiotics of splashing in breeding process;
Ecological cultivation
4) foundation of pond ecosystem
Under fry, the pond previous moon, fully cleans cultivating pool with giant, then according to the layout of biomembrane fish nest, at the bottom of pond, stamps timber, and timber exceeds 1.5m at the bottom of pond, and the 0.3m that adds water in pond is dark, with quicklime 200g/ m
2~ 250g/ m
2or the sterilization of strong chlorine oil 35ppm full pool spilling head, Chi Shui is drained after soaking one week, the biomembrane fish nest infraclass of then drying sterilizing in advance is bundled in the lower end of the corresponding timber of culturing pool according to the setting that fish nest is in advance arranged, and make 15 ~ 20cm at the bottom of infraclass distance culturing pool, annotate new water 1.2m again, makes that biomembrane fish nest is exaggerated bubbles through the water column, and be fixed on corresponding timber by stretching for exaggerated two ends, execute urea to 2mg/L ~ 5mg/L, or use the fertilizer 0.5 ~ 1kg/m of sterilization of becoming thoroughly decomposed
3, cultivate biomembrane, algae, wheel animalcule, cladocera and shrimp, make microbe quantity magnitude on the polyester thread adherance of biomembrane fish nest reach 10
7~ 10
8individual/g, in breeding water body, amount of algae level reaches 10
4~ 10
5individual/ml, wheel animalcule quantity 30 ~ 50/ml, cladocera 3 ~ 5/ml, shrimp 500 ~ 800 tails/m
3;
The condition of water quality of culturing pool: dissolved oxygen > 5mg/L, water temperature 16 ~ 25 DEG C, pH 7.5 ~ 8.5, salinity≤8 ‰, ammonia nitrogen concentration≤0.01 mg/L, nitrite concentration≤0.05mg/L, transparency >=50cm; Cultivating pool water surface intensity of illumination≤3000lx in addition;
Fry condition: select the healthy fry that specification is 2.5 ~ 3.5cm length, with 8 ‰ saline sooks sterilization 20min, by 150 ~ 200 tails/m
3density put into culturing pool;
5) maintenance of pond ecosystem
In breeding process, detect water temperature in culturing pool, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite solubility every day, and by splashing probiotics and change water, make the water quality of culturing pool meet above-mentioned condition; Monitor planktonic population and number change in water body every day, by applying fertilizer and supplementary zooplankton and shrimp, regulating and controlling the quantity of algae, wheel animalcule, cladocera and shrimp, making it to meet above-mentioned condition; Make regular check on biofilm microorganisms growth conditions and structure of community on biomembrane fish nest, and carry out the biological community structure of improved by regulating water quality or probiotics of splashing and increase quantity of useful microbe;
Between feeding period, can according to Sungkiang weever specification or bore, supplement the sinking pellet diet of 0.5 ~ 4mm particle diameter of throwing something and feeding, concrete daily ration, feeding quantity to be ingested situation depending on Sungkiang weever.
As optimization, described step 2) in biomembrane fish nest to be tied a knot by two long 5 ~ 6m nylon ropes by multiple fish nest skeleton two ends and be in series, and the spacing of adjacent two fish nest skeletons is 12 ~ 14cm, described fish nest skeleton is in series by nylon rope up and down by multiple biological membranous disc, wherein upper and lower two adjacent biomembrane dish spacing 8 ~ 10cm, each biomembrane fish nest comprises 5-11 biological membranous disc, and described biological membranous disc is provided with multiple polyester thread adherance.
As optimization, the nylon rope that described fish nest skeleton upper end connects is equipped with float, the nylon rope that lower end connects is equipped with sinker, at a distance of 4cm between the biological membranous disc that left and right is adjacent.
As optimization: the upper and lower two biological membranous disc spacing 10cm of fish nest skeleton unit, adjacent two fish nest skeleton unit spacing are 15cm.
As optimization: described step 2) in the preferred 0.5m in interval between two adjacent biomembrane fish nests.
As optimization: execute urea in described step 4) to 4mg/L, or use the fertilizer 1kg/m of sterilization of becoming thoroughly decomposed
3, cultivate biomembrane, algae, wheel animalcule, cladocera and shrimp, make micro organism quantity on the polyester thread adherance of biomembrane fish nest reach 10
8individual/g, in breeding water body, amount of algae reaches 5 × 10
, 5individual/ml, wheel animalcule quantity 50/ml, cladocera 5/ml, shrimp 800 tails/m
3.
As optimization: the microbiologic population on biomembrane should based on bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria etc., algae is mainly green alga and diatom, cladocera is based on Daphnia magna, and selected shrimp is the black shell shrimp that adaptive capacity and fertility are all strong.
The present invention relates to the intensive ecological cultivation method of a kind of Sungkiang weever, the method adopts biomembrane fish nest that single water layer aquaculture model is become three-dimensional culture pattern, and substantially increase the cultivation density of water body availability and Sungkiang weever, density is by 10 ~ 15 original tails/m
3bring up to 100 ~ 110 tails/m
3; Simultaneously described biomembrane fish nest attached to a large amount of beneficial microbe, can decompose organic matter too much in culturing pool, as the residual bait of ight soil etc., purify water, and improves the self-purification capacity of Fish pond ecosystem, forms a stable ecosystem; Biomembrane fish nest made of soft involved in the method avoids Sungkiang weever abrasive possibility in breeding process, thus reduces the lethality of Sungkiang weever; Biomembrane fish nest is simultaneously that Sungkiang weever provides and perches hidden place in a large number, decrease the probability that Sungkiang weever meets, avoid and kill each other, greatly increase the cultivation survival rate of Sungkiang weever, make survival rate bring up to 60 ~ 65% by original 4 ~ 8%; By manually cultivating biological feed as wheel animalcule, cladocera and shrimp in the method, being that Sungkiang weever provides sufficient agreeable to the taste fresh food, improve the growth rate of Sungkiang weever, avoiding Sungkiang weever and cause because of nutrient imbalance morbidity dead.
Beneficial effect: the intensive ecological cultivation method of a kind of Sungkiang weever of the present invention, it has following beneficial effect:
1) 600 square metres of culturing pools are adopted to carry out intensive ecologic breeding to Sungkiang weever, manual control ecologic breeding water environment, and make full use of this closed ecological system dynamic equilibrium rule of cultivating pool, achieve the Cyclic Succession of matter and energy in Aquaculture ecosystem inside, substantially reduce the impact of external environment condition change on breeding process, also greatly reduce quantity of exchanged water.
2) biomembrane fish nest is not only Sungkiang weever and provides the good place of perching and hiding harmful animal, also serve certain function purified water, both reduced the internecine probability of Sungkiang weever, and turn improved the cultivation density of Sungkiang weever, density is by 10 ~ 15 original tails/m
3bring up to 100 tails/m
3above, cultivation water environment good in addition also reduces the M & M of Sungkiang weever, and cultivation survival rate has brought up to more than 60%.
3) the uninterrupted supply of biological feed enhances the physique of Sungkiang weever, reduce Sungkiang weever stress and illness rate, significantly improve growth rate and the flavour nutrient of Sungkiang weever, basically identical with wild Sungkiang weever in trophic component.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation in ecologic breeding pond of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of biomembrane fish nest of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of fish nest skeleton of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, content of the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the intensive ecological culture pond of a kind of Sungkiang weever, to comprise at the bottom of pool wall 11 and pond 12, wherein pool wall 11 adopts cement material, at the bottom of pond, 12 adopt shale, two ends, Zhong Yanchang limit, pond are respectively provided with a platform 13 of throwing something and feeding, the tubular type of respectively establishing one to run through culturing pool above platform 13 both sides of throwing something and feeding is thrown something and fed conveying pipeline 14 automatically, conveying pipeline 14 one end is provided with bait storehouse 15, the other end is provided with bait recovery bin 16, discharge outlet 17 is provided with in pond, culturing pool edge is provided with fresh water water inlet 18 and seawater inlet port 19, the biomembrane fish nest 20 of multiple unit is had in culturing pool intermediate distribution, and the equal north-south arrangement of each biomembrane fish nest 20, four angles of the biomembrane fish nest 20 of each unit are provided with fixing timber 21, multiple nanometer aeration dish 22 is also distributed with on 12 at the bottom of pond, this culturing pool is used for the three dimensional-breeding of Sungkiang weever.
The intensive ecological cultivation method of a kind of Sungkiang weever involved in the present invention, by carrying out Sungkiang weever cultivation in above-mentioned culturing pool, overcome current Sungkiang weever cultivation density low, lethality is high, growth rate is slow, many deficiencies such as water, pond and waste of human resource, specifically comprise the steps:
Cultivating pool prepares
1) cultivating pool condition
Set up cultivating pool area 600 square metres, long 30m, wide 20m, pond dark 1.5m(available depth 1.2m); Pond is built double-deck booth, and single canopy span 6.5-7m, can establish double-layered sunshade net or film, plays sunshade and temperature control; Adopt cement pool wall, at the bottom of shale pond, can be used for beneficial microbe apposition growth to breed; A platform of throwing something and feeding respectively is established at two ends, Zhong Yanchang limit, pond; The tubular type of respectively to establish above platform both sides one to run through culturing pool of throwing something and feeding is thrown something and fed device automatically, in order to supplement pellet of throwing something and feeding; Edge, pond is provided with fresh water and each water inlet of seawater, establishes a discharge outlet in pond, in order to change water and to regulate salinity.
2) biomembrane fish nest
1. the structure of biomembrane fish nest
As shown in Figure 2, biomembrane fish nest is connected in parallel between the long nylon rope 2 of two 5 ~ 6m by multiple fish nest skeleton 1, and two ends are fixing by nylon wire knotting, the middle distance between axles of adjacent two fish nest skeletons 1 is 12 ~ 14cm, the nylon rope 2 that fish nest skeleton 1 upper end connects is equipped with float 3, fish nest skeleton upper end is floated on the surface, the nylon rope 2 that described fish nest skeleton 1 lower end connects is equipped with sinker 4, fish nest skeleton 1 lower end is sunk under water, so just can make vertical being placed in water of biomembrane fish nest.As shown in Figure 3, described fish nest skeleton 1 is in series by nylon rope up and down by multiple biological membranous disc 5, wherein upper and lower two adjacent biomembrane dish spacing 8 ~ 10cm, each fish nest skeleton unit is containing 5-11 biological membranous disc, left and right adjacent biological membranous disc is at a distance of 4cm, convenient comparatively large gauge Sungkiang weever is walked travelling smoothly, described biological membranous disc 5 mutually to be blocked by buckle by small one and large one two mounting discs and, and at card and position, multiple polyester thread adherance 6 is installed.
2. the distribution of biomembrane fish nest
Multiple biomembrane fish nest is being set in pond, and biomembrane fish nest is arranged to south-north direction, make biomembrane fish nest all the time perpendicular to the direction of sun direct projection, farthest keep the sun off, for the Sungkiang weever with habit of hiding by day and coming out at night provides the habitat of a darkness (intensity of illumination <200lx), wherein adjacent two row's biomembrane fish nest interval 0.4 ~ 0.6m, the overstocked formation affecting miniflow water in water body, too thin being not enough to again meets the demand of high-density breeding to fish nest quantity, biomembrane fish nest is apart from pool side 1 ~ 1.5m, stop space and be convenient to ingesting of Sungkiang weever and proper flow that is movable and water body, also can watch out for the plague of rats, at the bottom of cultivating pool, set 16 diameters as the nanometer aeration disk of 1m altogether, long limit along pond divides 4 rows to be arranged in parallel, adjacent two row's aeration plates stagger mutually, every four cultivating pools need configuration 3kw Roots blower, be 1.2 ~ 1.5m at the spacing distance of the biomembrane fish nest being provided with nanometer aeration Pan Chu, and the fish nest skeleton unit length nearest apart from nanometer aeration dish is 0.6m, containing 5 biological membranous discs, then increase progressively one by one until 1.2m, 11 biological membranous discs, the vertical ascending air avoiding the generation of nano oxygen enriching dish affects perching of Sungkiang weever, simultaneously for Sungkiang weever culturing pool builds the environment of a fine bourn (flow velocity is 0.1 ~ 0.5m/s).
3. biomembranous cultivation
Biomembrane is cultivate the beneficial microbe colony of apposition growth on polyester thread adherance in early stage or breeding process, cultivation early stage by the microbiologic population cultivated and optimize on biomembrane fish nest of splashing of rich water and probiotics, by regularly to apply fertilizer and micropopulation quantity is consolidated or increased to probiotics of splashing in breeding process.
Ecological cultivation
3) foundation of pond ecosystem
Under fry, the pond previous moon, fully cleans cultivating pool with giant, then according to the layout of biomembrane fish nest, at the bottom of pond, stamps timber, and timber exceeds 1.5m at the bottom of pond, and the 0.3m that adds water is dark, with quicklime 200g/ m
2~ 250g/ m
2or the sterilization of strong chlorine oil 35ppm full pool spilling head, Chi Shui is drained after soaking one week, the biomembrane fish nest infraclass of then drying sterilizing in advance is bundled in the lower end of the corresponding timber of culturing pool according to the setting that fish nest is arranged, and make 15 ~ 20cm at the bottom of infraclass distance culturing pool, facilitate Sungkiang weever to move about at the bottom of pond to ingest, annotate new water 1.2m, make that biomembrane fish nest is exaggerated bubbles through the water column, and be fixed on corresponding timber by stretching for exaggerated two ends, execute urea to 2mg/L ~ 5mg/L, or use the fertilizer 0.5 ~ 1kg/m of sterilization of becoming thoroughly decomposed
3, cultivate biomembrane, algae, wheel animalcule, cladocera and shrimp, make microbe quantity magnitude on the polyester thread adherance of biomembrane fish nest reach 10
7~ 10
8individual/g, in breeding water body, amount of algae level reaches 10
4~ 10
5individual/ml, wheel animalcule quantity 30 ~ 50/ml, cladocera 3 ~ 5/ml, shrimp 500 ~ 800 tails/m
3.
The water quality of culturing pool remains on following condition: dissolved oxygen > 5mg/L, water temperature 16 ~ 25 DEG C, pH 7.5 ~ 8.5, salinity≤8 ‰, ammonia nitrogen concentration≤0.01 mg/L, nitrite concentration≤0.05mg/L, transparency >=50cm; Cultivating pool water surface intensity of illumination≤3000lx in addition.
Fry condition: select the healthy fry that specification is 2.5 ~ 3.5cm length, with 8 ‰ saline sooks sterilization 20min, by 150 ~ 200 tails/m
3density put into culturing pool.
4) maintenance of pond ecosystem
In breeding process, detect water temperature in culturing pool, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite solubility every day, and by splashing probiotics and change water, make the water quality of culturing pool meet above-mentioned condition; Monitor planktonic population and number change in water body every day, by applying fertilizer and supplementary zooplankton and shrimp, regulating and controlling the quantity of algae, wheel animalcule, cladocera and shrimp, making it to meet above-mentioned condition; Make regular check on biofilm microorganisms growth conditions and structure of community on biomembrane fish nest, and carry out the biological community structure of improved by regulating water quality or probiotics of splashing and increase quantity of useful microbe.
Between feeding period, can according to Sungkiang weever specification or bore, supplement the sinking pellet diet of 0.5 ~ 4mm particle diameter of throwing something and feeding, concrete daily ration, feeding quantity to be ingested situation depending on Sungkiang weever.
Concrete: step 2) the middle upper and lower two biological membranous disc spacing 10cm of fish nest skeleton unit, adjacent two fish nest skeleton unit spacing are 15cm, two adjacent fish nest interval 0.5m; Execute urea in step 3) to 4mg/L, or use the fertilizer 1kg/m of sterilization of becoming thoroughly decomposed
3, cultivate biomembrane, algae, wheel animalcule, cladocera and shrimp, make micro organism quantity on the polyester thread adherance of biomembrane fish nest reach 10
8individual/g, in breeding water body, amount of algae reaches 5 × 10
, 5individual/ml, wheel animalcule quantity 50/ml, cladocera 5/ml, shrimp 800 tails/m
3; Microbiologic population in step 4) on biomembrane should based on bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria etc., Measures of Algae in Water Body is mainly green alga and diatom, cladocera is based on Daphnia magna, and selected shrimp is all extremely strong black shell shrimp of adaptive capacity and fertility.
Be described with the cultivation situation of different breeding environments to Sungkiang weever below:
Adopt 200 ㎡ to lay tile shell culturing pools and the intensive ecological culture pond of 600 ㎡ respectively to carry out culture experiment and often plant culturing pool and establish 3 parallel group, carry out periodicity cultivation, cultivate result as table 1:
Table 1: the experimental data of two kinds of breeding environments
Learnt by this test, the Sungkiang weever survival rate of this method cultivation is significantly improved, and the Sungkiang weever growth rate propagated artificially, albumen fat content are higher, substantially meet wild Sungkiang weever albumen fat content.Compare tradition cultivation, this method has larger large-scale farming advantage.
Claims (7)
1. the intensive ecological cultivation method of Sungkiang weever, is characterized in that specifically comprising the steps:
Cultivating pool prepares
1) cultivating pool condition
Pond area 600 square metres, long 30m, wide 20m, the dark 1.5m in pond; Pool wall is cement material, is shale, pond is built double-deck booth at the bottom of pond, and single canopy span 6.5-7m, arranges double-layered sunshade net or film; A platform of throwing something and feeding respectively is established at two ends, Zhong Yanchang limit, pond; The tubular type of respectively to establish above platform both sides one to run through culturing pool of throwing something and feeding is thrown something and fed device automatically, in order to supplement pellet of throwing something and feeding; Pool wall is provided with fresh water and each water inlet of seawater, establishes a discharge outlet in pond, in order to change water and to regulate salinity;
2) distribution of biomembrane fish nest
Biomembrane fish nest is set in pond, and biomembrane fish nest is set as south-north direction, fish nest is kept the sun off perpendicular to the direction of sun direct projection, for the Sungkiang weever with habit of hiding by day and coming out at night provides a dark habitat; Adjacent two row's biomembrane fish nest interval 0.4 ~ 0.6m, biomembrane fish nest is apart from pool side 1 ~ 1.5m; 16 diameters are established to reach the nanometer aeration disk of 1m at the bottom of culturing pool, long limit along pond divides 4 rows to be arranged in parallel, and adjacent two row's aeration plates stagger mutually, nanometer aeration disk connects 3kw Roots blower, be 1.2 ~ 1.5m at the spacing distance being provided with nanometer aeration dish place biomembrane fish nest, and be 0.6m apart from the minimum range of nanometer aeration dish;
3) biomembranous cultivation
Cultivation early stage by the microbiologic population cultivated and optimize on biomembrane fish nest of splashing of rich water and probiotics, by regularly to apply fertilizer and micropopulation quantity is consolidated or increased to probiotics of splashing in breeding process;
Ecological cultivation
4) foundation of pond ecosystem
Under fry, the pond previous moon, fully cleans cultivating pool with giant, then according to the layout of biomembrane fish nest, at the bottom of pond, stamps timber, and timber exceeds 1.5m at the bottom of pond, and the 0.3m that adds water in pond is dark, with quicklime 200g/ m
2~ 250g/ m
2or the sterilization of strong chlorine oil 35ppm full pool spilling head, Chi Shui is drained after soaking one week, the biomembrane fish nest infraclass of then drying sterilizing in advance is bundled in the lower end of the corresponding timber of culturing pool according to the setting that fish nest is in advance arranged, and make 15 ~ 20cm at the bottom of infraclass distance culturing pool, annotate new water 1.2m again, makes that biomembrane fish nest is exaggerated bubbles through the water column, and be fixed on corresponding timber by stretching for exaggerated two ends, execute urea to 2mg/L ~ 5mg/L, or use the fertilizer 0.5 ~ 1kg/m of sterilization of becoming thoroughly decomposed
3, cultivate biomembrane, algae, wheel animalcule, cladocera and shrimp, make microbe quantity magnitude on the polyester thread adherance of biomembrane fish nest reach 10
7~ 10
8individual/g, in breeding water body, amount of algae level reaches 10
4~ 10
5individual/ml, wheel animalcule quantity 30 ~ 50/ml, cladocera 3 ~ 5/ml, shrimp 500 ~ 800 tails/m
3;
The condition of water quality of culturing pool: dissolved oxygen > 5mg/L, water temperature 16 ~ 25 DEG C, pH 7.5 ~ 8.5, salinity≤8 ‰, ammonia nitrogen concentration≤0.01 mg/L, nitrite concentration≤0.05mg/L, transparency >=50cm; Cultivating pool water surface intensity of illumination≤3000lx in addition;
Fry condition: select the healthy fry that specification is 2.5 ~ 3.5cm length, with 8 ‰ saline sooks sterilization 20min, by 150 ~ 200 tails/m
3density put into culturing pool;
5) maintenance of pond ecosystem
In breeding process, detect water temperature in culturing pool, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite solubility every day, and by splashing probiotics and change water, make the water quality of culturing pool meet above-mentioned condition; Monitor planktonic population and number change in water body every day, by applying fertilizer and supplementary zooplankton and shrimp, regulating and controlling the quantity of algae, wheel animalcule, cladocera and shrimp, making it to meet above-mentioned condition; Make regular check on biofilm microorganisms growth conditions and structure of community on biomembrane fish nest, and carry out the biological community structure of improved by regulating water quality or probiotics of splashing and increase quantity of useful microbe;
Between feeding period, can according to Sungkiang weever specification or bore, supplement the sinking pellet diet of 0.5 ~ 4mm particle diameter of throwing something and feeding, concrete daily ration, feeding quantity to be ingested situation depending on Sungkiang weever.
2. the intensive ecological cultivation method of a kind of Sungkiang weever according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 2) in biomembrane fish nest to be tied a knot by two long 5 ~ 6m nylon ropes by multiple fish nest skeleton two ends and be in series, and the spacing of adjacent two fish nest skeletons is 12 ~ 14cm, described fish nest skeleton is in series by nylon rope up and down by multiple biological membranous disc, wherein upper and lower two adjacent biomembrane dish spacing 8 ~ 10cm, each biomembrane fish nest comprises 5-11 biological membranous disc, and described biological membranous disc is provided with multiple polyester thread adherance.
3. the intensive ecological cultivation method of a kind of Sungkiang weever according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the nylon rope that described fish nest skeleton upper end connects is equipped with float, sinker is equipped with the nylon rope that lower end connects, at a distance of 4cm between the biological membranous disc that left and right is adjacent.
4. the intensive ecological cultivation method of a kind of Sungkiang weever according to claim 2, is characterized in that:: the upper and lower two biological membranous disc spacing 10cm of fish nest skeleton unit, adjacent two fish nest skeleton unit spacing are 15cm.
5. the intensive ecological cultivation method of a kind of Sungkiang weever according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 2) in the preferred 0.5m in interval between two adjacent biomembrane fish nests.
6. the intensive ecological cultivation method of a kind of Sungkiang weever according to claim 1, is characterized in that: execute urea in described step 4) to 4mg/L, or uses the fertilizer 1kg/m of sterilization of becoming thoroughly decomposed
3, cultivate biomembrane, algae, wheel animalcule, cladocera and shrimp, make micro organism quantity on the polyester thread adherance of biomembrane fish nest reach 10
8individual/g, in breeding water body, amount of algae reaches 5 × 10
, 5individual/ml, wheel animalcule quantity 50/ml, cladocera 5/ml, shrimp 800 tails/m
3.
7. the intensive ecological cultivation method of a kind of Sungkiang weever according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the microbiologic population in described step 5) on biomembrane should based on bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria etc., algae is mainly green alga and diatom, cladocera is based on Daphnia magna, and selected shrimp is the black shell shrimp that adaptive capacity and fertility are all strong.
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