CN107197805B - Coral reef system for simulating natural ecological environment - Google Patents
Coral reef system for simulating natural ecological environment Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention particularly relates to a coral reef system for simulating a natural ecological environment and a construction method thereof, which are widely applied to the research and the application of an aquarium market and a coral ecosystem. A coral reef system simulating a natural ecological environment comprises a main coral reef area, a sea wave scouring area, a settling area, a mangrove and sand layer system, an algae bed system and a coral community. Meanwhile, a construction method of the coral reef landscape system is also provided. The configuration of establishing a perfect nitrobacteria system, a water flow system, a sea wave scouring belt, an algae bed, a mangrove, a sand bed system and a coral community successfully simulates various biological processes in the marine coral reef, finally replaces large-scale equipment and high-strength manual maintenance, successfully maintains the water quality condition required by the coral for a long time under the condition of high biological density, realizes the growth speed of the coral in a natural state and finally highly restores the landscape and the function of the wild coral reef, and has important significance on various types of marine museums and artificial coral culture technologies and researches.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a coral reef system for simulating a natural ecological environment, which is widely applied to the research and application of an aquarium market and a coral ecosystem.
Background
The coral reef is the most important ecosystem in the ocean and has high scientific value for the research of the coral reef, but due to the uncontrollable and uncertain large ocean environment, the development of the research related to the coral is greatly limited, and the search for a controllable high-reduction artificial coral reef system is also an important research direction at present.
The artificial coral reef system technology is a domestic short plate, and the system capable of realizing living coral breeding at the present stage is mostly in a family type, namely the scale of a small water body, and a large amount of expensive equipment and frequent water change are needed to maintain the high-quality water quality needed by the coral. Furthermore, it is difficult to breed a large amount of fish while keeping coral alive because of maintaining clean and low-nutrient water quality required for coral, and thus a landscape of high biodiversity and high biodensity in the ocean cannot be realized.
Due to the high cost of maintaining water quality and the high technical requirements, coral reef landscape is basically realized in domestic marine venues by artificial corals such as coral models made of plastics or resins, and only living corals can be displayed by very small aquariums and the variety is extremely limited. Especially large-scale marine venues, large-scale ecosystems that can fully simulate natural coral reefs have not yet appeared.
The main reason is that the coral has strict requirements on water quality, and only 3% of sea areas on the earth are suitable for the survival of the coral, so the fundamental problem of guaranteeing the survival of the coral in artificial environment is to control the water quality. In the ocean, because of its huge water volume and abundant ecological environment and biodiversity, can provide stable and comfortable living environment for coral reef organism. However, in artificial environments, it is difficult to maintain high quality seawater quality for a long time due to limited water bodies and closed environments. At present, the method can be realized mainly by depending on expensive water treatment equipment and frequent water quality replacement. As the fish defecate into the water, the excrement or metabolic waste can gradually accumulate in the water and increase the nitrogen and phosphorus-containing organic matters in the seawater, the nutrient salts can prevent the coral from living healthily, and the coral can be killed even by the high concentration. Therefore, the difficulty of maintaining water quality is increased by simulating the landscape of a large number of fishes in the ocean. The water quality of the sea area where the coral reef is located can be maintained to be high-quality, and the functions of various organisms including microorganisms are also extremely important besides the huge water amount of the sea.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problems, the invention provides a coral reef system simulating a natural ecological environment and a construction method thereof. Through the technology, the coral reef system capable of effectively simulating the natural ecological environment has very important significance for the construction of various types of aquariums or ocean halls.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a coral reef system simulating a natural ecological environment is characterized by mainly comprising a main coral reef area (1), a sea wave scouring area (2), a settling area (3), a redtree and sand area (4), an algae bed area (5) and a coral biological community, wherein each area is provided with an illumination system, the main coral reef area (1) comprises various water flow systems consisting of strong wave areas and weak flow areas among reef areas, and the main coral reef area (1) consists of reefs (11), a surging pipeline (12), a surging water pump (13), a protein separator and constant temperature equipment (14), a main circulating water pump (15) and the illumination systems; the surging water pump (13) is connected with the surging pipeline (12) at the water inlet, and the surging pipelines (12) are buried in the reef (11); the protein separator and the constant temperature equipment (14) are connected with a main circulating water pump (15), the strong wave area is close to a sea wave scouring area (2), the sea wave scouring area (2) is sequentially connected with a settling area (3), a mangrove and sand area (4) and a algae bed area (5), the algae bed area (5) is connected with a main coral reef area (1) through the main circulating water pump (15) to form a circulating system, and a coral biological community is distributed in the whole circulating system; the mangrove and sand layer area is characterized in that a slow flow area is arranged beside a precipitation area, shell sand which gradually becomes thick is paved on the slow flow area from top to bottom, and a space of 3cm to 5cm is erected at the lower layer of the coarse sand, so that water can slowly permeate from top to bottom; planting mangrove in the sand layer, and strengthening the water permeating effect from top to bottom through the water absorbing capacity of the mangrove root;
the construction of the coral reef system comprises the following steps,
1) building a reef (11) and a piping (12) with illumination of 14000K or sunlight,
2) the construction of fish communities, the construction of fish communities mainly comprises large vegetarian fishes, small carnivorous fishes and small omnivorous fishes,
3) and the construction of a nitrifying bacteria system,
4) the sea wave scouring area (2) is built, the illumination is 14000K or sunlight,
5) and the algae bed area (5) is constructed, the illumination is 6000K or sunlight,
6) the establishment of the coral biological community comprises the establishment of small hydroid stony corals, large hydroid stony corals and soft corals, the illumination is 14000K or sunlight,
7) and constructing a mangrove and sand layer area (4), wherein the illumination is 6000K or sunlight.
Further, the construction of the nitrifying bacteria system comprises the following steps: using dry reefs on an island in the sea or using substitutes of cement and resin as a bacterial bed of bacteria, and performing primary bacterial introduction at the initial stage of starting excretion of fishes at the initial stage of building a system so as to start nitrogen circulation; performing a second bacterial inoculation when nitrate is detected in the water to obtain a stronger nitrification; and after the coral biological community is well established, carrying out third bacterial inoculation to balance the input and output of nitrogen again.
Furthermore, the nitrobacteria system is introduced for the first time during construction by using small blocks of natural coral reef reefs, and then the natural reefs or reefs in the coral reef system of the invention are continuously used.
In the ocean, nitrogen is converted into toxic ammonia from waste and excrement by heterotrophic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and then converted into low-toxicity nitrate by nitrifying bacteria, and finally converted into non-toxic nitrogen by denitrifying bacteria and enters the atmosphere. Wherein the products of each link, such as nitrate, can also be utilized by other organisms. These types of bacteria generally live on reef surfaces or in reef gaps in coral reefs, and placing reef directly into an artificial system is the most direct method for replicating a nitrifying bacteria system, but reefs also bring a large number of harmful organisms, and reefs transported over long distances accumulate a large number of organism corpses and wastes, and most importantly, the extensive production of reef reefs is a great damage to coral reef ecosystem.
According to the invention, dry reefs on the island reefs in the sea or substitutes of cement and resin are used as bacterial beds, in the initial stage of building the system, bacterial introduction is carried out for one time in the initial stage of starting excretion of fishes to start nitrogen circulation, the first introduction mode is to use small natural reef reefs, and then the built artificial reef can be used for carrying out secondary bacterial introduction when nitrate is detected in water to obtain stronger nitrification. And (4) performing third bacterial inoculation after the fish group is established and completed so as to balance the input and output of nitrogen again.
Meanwhile, a large number of low-oxygen environments and dark light areas are built in the system, and living environments are provided for anaerobic bacteria with nitrate participating in denitrification. The denitrification is accelerated by the action of adding the organic carbon source, and finally the nitrate is changed into nitrogen to be discharged out of the system, so that the low-nutrition state of the system is maintained.
Furthermore, the water flow system is characterized in that a submerged surge pipeline (12) is embedded in the reef, a submerged surge water pump (13) is used for producing multidirectional water flow, water flow circulation from shallow sea to deep sea is simulated, and intermittent or swinging water flow is created in an open area through the wave making water pump to simulate sea waves.
The reef is embedded with the submerged pipeline, a submerged water pump is used for creating multidirectional water flow, water flow circulation from shallow sea to deep sea is simulated, organic waste with high light zone is conveyed to a dark light area, nitrifying bacteria living in the dark light environment generate nitrate, the nitrate is conveyed to plankton, coral and algae growing areas are used, and redundant nitrate is conveyed to an anaerobic area to be converted into nitrogen. The effect of intermittent or swinging water flow simulation sea waves is created in an open area through the wave-making water pump, so that the water flow required by coral growth is ensured, and a sea wave scouring area can work.
Furthermore, the construction of the wave scouring area (2) is to arrange a slope-shaped structure at a position with stronger waves to simulate the intertidal zone ecological environment scoured by the waves.
Furthermore, the algae bed area (5) is formed by building gaps at the bottoms of the algae plants in the planted natural algae bed and paving sea sand below the gaps to simulate the ecological environment of the natural algae bed.
Algae is one of important organisms for controlling eutrophication of water bodies in the sea, the eutrophication is effectively removed by planting a large amount of algae in an artificial system, and the algae can become food for phytophagous fishes after growing.
Unlike the simple method of planting algae in an aquarium, the present invention creates a void at the bottom of the algae and lays the sand beneath the void, which creates a low oxygen environment in the void at night to provide denitrification conditions for anaerobic bacteria living in the underlying sand.
In the coastal areas of the ocean, as well as in submerged reefs and rock walls, a great deal of intertidal algae can grow due to the scouring of sea waves, and the algae can rapidly absorb excessive nitrogenous substances and phosphate in water.
The invention arranges the slope structure at the position with strong wave in the artificial system, so that the surface of the artificial system is repeatedly washed by water flow to breed intertidal algae. Because the water stays in the gaps of the algae for a period of time, the algae can absorb eutrophication for a longer time, the efficiency is higher than that of the traditional algae screen system (ATS) for sewage treatment, and in addition, the gaps of the algae can nourish plankton and are brought back to the system by sea waves for coral prey.
The sand layer is an important place for denitrification in the sea, in addition, a large amount of sand layer organisms also provide food for a plurality of fishes, and the excrement of the fishes can be utilized by the sand layer organisms.
In the artificial system, a slow flow area is arranged in a mangrove and sand layer area, so that a large amount of nutrient salts are deposited in the area, the shell sand which gradually thickens is paved in the area from top to bottom, oxygen is gradually consumed from top to bottom, and a low-oxygen environment is formed in gaps of the thicker sand in the lower layer, so that the denitrification process is realized. The lower layer of coarse sand is provided with a 3cm to 5cm overhead space, so that water can slowly permeate from top to bottom.
The mangrove forest generally grows in the mouth of the river or in the intertidal zone of the coast, and rich root systems can absorb eutrophication. By planting mangrove in the sand layer, so that the system contains nitrate, the sulfide nutritive salt produced by anaerobic bacteria can be quickly and intensively absorbed by the roots of the mangrove.
Furthermore, the establishment of the coral biological community mainly comprises the steps of coral species collocation and topological structure construction according to actual landscapes of wild coral reefs around the world, including the putting of soft coral and stone coral; building fish communities according to the fish composition of the actual coral reef, wherein the fish communities comprise large vegetarian fishes, small carnivorous fishes and small omnivorous fishes; introducing invertebrates with functions of cleaning, eating rot and eating algae according to the community structure of the wild coral reef; and constructing plankton communities by using plankton from natural environment.
Plankton is one of the important food sources for corals, and although most of the energy is supplied by symbiotic algae photosynthesis, sufficient plankton enables corals to better resist disease and achieve faster growth rates.
According to the artificial coral reef system, wave scouring, a gap area in an algae bed and nutrients in reefs from a dim light zone by water flow are combined, so that plankton can be fully bred and diffused, and plankton with a certain density can be always contained in the whole system.
In the artificial coral reef system, each organism has respective functions, and the eutrophication in water can be well controlled, so that the biological diversity structure of the wild coral reef can be simulated to the maximum extent, and the artificial system can obtain higher 'automation' capability by introducing various saprophagous organisms, phytophagous organisms and carnivorous organisms, and has positive effects on controlling harmful organisms and balancing the output of nutritive salt. In addition, the high biodiversity enables the system to better resist external interference and influence and obtain better stability.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
through the construction of a perfect nitrobacteria system, a water flow system, a sea wave scouring area, an algae bed area, a mangrove and sand bed area and the configuration of a coral biological community, the method successfully simulates various biological processes in the marine coral reef. Through 8 years of research, the inventor deeply explores the functions of various organisms in the coral reef, carries out multi-aspect experiments on the biological action of microorganisms, algae, fishes, invertebrates and corals, and finally successfully simulates the nitrogen circulation, the input and output of nutrition, the construction of nutrition level and the interaction among organisms according to the conditions in the sea.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the constructed complete nitrobacteria system, the water flow system, the sea wave scouring area, the algae bed area, the mangrove and sand area, the plankton system and the biodiversity structure successfully simulate various biological processes in the marine coral reef, finally replace large-scale equipment and artificially change water, successfully maintain the water quality conditions required by the coral under the condition of high biological density (including fishes), and thus the coral can basically realize the growth speed in a natural state and finally highly restore the landscape and the function of the wild coral reef.
The artificial environment meeting the requirement of coral growth is built by simulating each biological link in the coral reef for the first time. The dependence on large-scale equipment and high-frequency water exchange is eliminated, the artificial system is not limited by cost and water volume any more, theoretically, water volume of any size can be realized on the premise that construction conditions allow, and the artificial system is a small progress for the construction of large-scale marine museums.
By successfully controlling the input and output of nutrition, the invention solves the contradiction between fish biomass and coral survival in artificial environment for the first time, and the landscape of simulating coexistence of fish school and dense coral can be realized.
The invention can realize the control of the artificial coral reef system by regulating and controlling each biological process, and can provide a platform for scientific research
The artificial environment is not influenced and limited by natural conditions, and the characteristics of highly reducing the wild coral reef can provide conditions for the conservation and recovery of coral reef germplasm. The artificial coral reef system with high reducibility can provide real coral reef landscape for a marine museum, can enable people to see the appearance of the coral reef without going to the sea, and can provide more accurate and professional marine science popularization when making up for the domestic blank. The high-reduction-degree artificial coral reef system can provide a scientific research platform and germplasm resources for coral reef research, and provides germplasm preservation and wild seedling placement for coral reef protection and recovery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the construction of the coral reef system of the present invention,
wherein the figures are labeled: 1-main coral reef area, 2-sea wave scouring area, 3-settlement area, 4-mangrove and sand area, 5-algae bed area, 11-reef, 12-blind surge, 13-blind surge water pump, 14-protein separator and constant temperature equipment, and 15-main circulating water pump.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments of the drawings.
Example 1 coral reef landscape system simulating natural environment
As shown in fig. 1, a coral reef system simulating a natural ecological environment is characterized by mainly comprising a main coral reef area 1, a sea wave scouring area 2, a settling area 3, a mangrove and sand layer area 4, an algae bed area 5 and a coral biological community, wherein each area is provided with an illumination system, the main coral reef area 1 comprises various water flow systems consisting of strong wave areas and weak flow areas among reef stones, and the main coral reef area 1 consists of reef 11, a surge pipeline 12, a surge water pump 13, a protein separator and constant temperature equipment 14, a main circulating water pump 15 and an illumination system; the surging pipeline 12 is connected with a surging water pump 13 at the water inlet, and a plurality of surging pipelines 12 are embedded into the reef 11; the protein separator and the constant temperature equipment 14 are connected with a main circulating water pump 15, a strong wave area is close to a wave scouring area 2, the wave scouring area 2 is sequentially connected with a settling area 3, a mangrove and sand layer area 4 and an algae bed area 5, the algae bed area 5 is connected with a main coral reef area 1 through the main circulating water pump 15 to form a circulating system, and a coral biological community is distributed in the whole circulating system;
the mangrove and sand layer area is characterized in that a slow flow area is arranged beside a precipitation area, shell sand which gradually becomes thick is paved on the slow flow area from top to bottom, and a space of 3cm to 5cm is erected at the lower layer of the coarse sand, so that water can slowly permeate from top to bottom; and planting mangrove in the sand layer to strengthen the water permeating effect from top to bottom via the water absorbing capacity of the mangrove root.
Embodiment 2 method for constructing coral reef system for simulating natural environment
The method mainly comprises the following steps:
first, the reef 11 landscape and the building of the piping 12 for the piping are closed and the water flow is introduced. A plurality of piping 12 with the secret surge are buried in the artificial reef 11, a water pump 13 with the secret surge is used for producing multidirectional water flow, water flow circulation from shallow sea to deep sea is simulated, intermittent or swinging water flow is created in an open area through a wave making water pump to simulate sea waves, and the illumination intensity is 14000K or sunlight.
And then, constructing a fish community, simulating a fish community in the sea, and constructing the fish community, wherein the fish community mainly comprises large vegetarian fishes, small carnivorous fishes and small omnivorous fishes.
And then carrying out first introduction of nitrobacteria by using dry reefs on the island in the sea or using cement and resin substitutes as a bacterial bed. Performing first bacterial inoculation to start nitrogen circulation at the initial stage of fish excretion; the first introduction preferably uses small blocks of natural coral reef rock.
Thirdly, constructing a sea wave scouring area, and arranging a slope-shaped structure at a position with stronger waves to form the sea wave scouring area, wherein the illumination is 14000K or sunlight.
A second bacterial inoculation, wherein when nitrate is detected in the water, the second bacterial inoculation is carried out to obtain stronger nitrification; the second introduction can use reefs in the built artificial system or small blocks of natural coral reef reefs.
And then constructing an algae bed area, constructing a gap at the bottom of the planted algae, and paving sea sand below the gap, wherein the illumination intensity is 6000K or sunlight.
After the preparation, the configuration of coral biological communities and the construction of mangrove and sand layer areas are carried out, wherein the mangrove and sand layer areas are formed by arranging a slow flow area beside a precipitation area, laying gradually thickened shell sand in the slow flow area from top to bottom, and erecting 1 space of 3-5cm at the lower layer of the coarse sand so that water can slowly permeate from top to bottom; and planting mangrove in the sand layer. The illumination intensity of the mangrove and sand bed area is 6000K or sunlight.The establishment of the coral biological community mainly comprises plankton, introduction of various saprophagous organisms, phytophagous organisms and carnivorous organisms, and mainly comprises the steps of matching coral varieties and constructing a topological structure according to actual landscapes of wild coral reefs all over the world, including the placement of soft coral and stone coral, and including the establishment of small polyp stone coral, large polyp stone coral and soft coral; constructing fish community landscape according to actual fish composition of coral reef, including large vegetarian fish such as single horn nose fish and tail nose fish, small vegetarian fish such as yellow high fin red tail fish and red tail sea bream, small carnivorous fish such as piebald and fin
Yellow-body sea pig fish, etc., small omnivorous fish such as species of sparrow snapper family; introducing invertebrates with functions of cleaning, eating rot, eating algae and the like, such as various species of Verbena shrimp, according to the community structure of the wild coral reef; and (3) constructing a plankton community by using planktons from a natural environment, wherein the illumination of the coral community is 14000K or sunlight.
And after the coral biological community is well established, carrying out third bacterial inoculation to balance the input and output of nitrogen again. The third introduction can use reefs in the built artificial system or small blocks of natural coral reef reefs.
Claims (7)
1. A coral reef system simulating a natural ecological environment is characterized by mainly comprising a main coral reef area (1), a sea wave scouring area (2), a settling area (3), a redtree and sand area (4), an algae bed area (5) and a coral biological community, wherein each area is provided with an illumination system, the main coral reef area (1) comprises various water flow systems consisting of strong wave areas and weak flow areas among reef areas, and the main coral reef area (1) consists of reefs (11), a surging pipeline (12), a surging water pump (13), a protein separator and constant temperature equipment (14), a main circulating water pump (15) and the illumination systems; the surging water pump (13) is connected with the surging pipeline (12) at the water inlet, and the surging pipelines (12) are buried in the reef (11); the protein separator and the constant temperature equipment (14) are connected with a main circulating water pump (15), the strong wave area is close to a sea wave scouring area (2), the sea wave scouring area (2) is sequentially connected with a settling area (3), a mangrove and sand area (4) and a algae bed area (5), the algae bed area (5) is connected with a main coral reef area (1) through the main circulating water pump (15) to form a circulating system, and the coral biological community is distributed in the whole circulating system;
the mangrove and sand layer area is characterized in that a slow flow area is arranged beside a precipitation area, shell sand which gradually becomes thick is paved on the slow flow area from top to bottom, and a space of 3cm to 5cm is erected at the lower layer of the coarse sand, so that water can slowly permeate from top to bottom; planting mangrove in the sand layer, and strengthening the water permeating effect from top to bottom through the water absorbing capacity of the mangrove root;
the construction of the coral reef system comprises the following steps,
1) building a reef (11) and a piping (12) with illumination of 14000K or sunlight,
2) the construction of fish communities, the construction of fish communities mainly comprises large vegetarian fishes, small carnivorous fishes and small omnivorous fishes,
3) and the construction of a nitrifying bacteria system,
4) the sea wave scouring area (2) is built, the illumination is 14000K or sunlight,
5) and the algae bed area (5) is constructed, the illumination is 6000K or sunlight,
6) the establishment of the coral biological community comprises the establishment of small hydroid stony corals, large hydroid stony corals and soft corals, the illumination is 14000K or sunlight,
7) and constructing a mangrove and sand layer area (4), wherein the illumination is 6000K or sunlight.
2. The natural ecological environment simulated coral reef system of claim 1 wherein: the construction of the nitrifying bacteria system comprises the following steps: using dry reefs on an island in the sea or using substitutes of cement and resin as a bacterial bed of bacteria, and performing primary bacterial introduction at the initial stage of starting excretion of fishes at the initial stage of building a system so as to start nitrogen circulation; performing a second bacterial inoculation when nitrate is detected in the water to obtain a stronger nitrification; and after the coral biological community is well established, carrying out third bacterial inoculation to balance the input and output of nitrogen again.
3. The natural ecological environment simulated coral reef system of claim 2 wherein: the nitrobacteria system is introduced for the first time during construction by using small blocks of natural reef, and then the natural reef or reefs in the coral reef system are continuously used.
4. The natural ecological environment simulated coral reef system of claim 1 wherein: the water flow system is characterized in that a submerged surge pipeline (12) is buried in the reef, a submerged surge water pump (13) is used for manufacturing multidirectional water flow, water flow circulation from shallow sea to deep sea is simulated, and intermittent or swinging water flow simulation sea waves are created in an open area through a wave making water pump.
5. The natural ecological environment simulated coral reef system of claim 1 wherein: the construction of the sea wave scouring area (2) is to arrange a slope-shaped structure at a position with stronger waves to simulate the intertidal zone ecological environment scoured by the sea waves.
6. The natural ecological environment simulated coral reef system of claim 1 wherein: the algae bed area (5) is formed by building a gap at the bottom of algae plants in a planted natural algae bed and paving sea sand below the gap to simulate the ecological environment of the natural algae bed.
7. The natural ecological environment simulated coral reef system of claim 1 wherein: the establishment of the coral biological community mainly comprises the steps of coral species collocation and topological structure construction according to actual landscapes of wild coral reefs around the world, including the putting of soft coral and stone coral; building fish communities according to the fish composition of the actual coral reef, wherein the fish communities comprise large vegetarian fishes, small carnivorous fishes and small omnivorous fishes; introducing invertebrates with functions of cleaning, eating rot and eating algae according to the community structure of the wild coral reef; and constructing plankton communities by using plankton from natural environment.
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| CN111771793A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-10-16 | 南通大学 | Method for breeding neobran shrimps with brown black color |
| CN112314479B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-08-31 | 北京师范大学 | Monitoring and analyzing method for foraging-refuge balanced behavior of reef fishes |
| CN114208727B (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-05-12 | 东南大学 | Modularized airtight coral culture system |
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