CN106212263B - Sargassum muticum attaching base supporting device and sargassum muticum fine variety breeding method - Google Patents
Sargassum muticum attaching base supporting device and sargassum muticum fine variety breeding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sargassum muticum attachment base supporting device and a sargassum muticum fine variety breeding method, wherein the attachment base supporting device comprises connecting ropes, the connecting ropes are wound on two pulleys to form a closed loop, and the two parallel connecting ropes move towards opposite directions along with the rotation of the pulleys; the pulley is fixed on the raft frame in the sea area; the supporting frame is a cuboid without an upper cover, small holes are distributed on the body wall, and through holes are arranged on the outer side surface of each edge; the lifting rope sequentially penetrates through the plurality of through holes along the edge of the supporting frame and is fixed on the through holes, and two ends of the lifting rope are respectively fixed on the two parallel connecting ropes. The invention solves the problems of low yield, low stress resistance and low content of effective components of the current sargassum muticum seedlings, and can realize the quality improvement and the breeding of good varieties of the sargassum muticum seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of selective breeding of improved seaweed, and particularly relates to an attachment base supporting device for selective breeding of improved sargassum muticum and a selective breeding method of improved sargassum muticum.
Background
Sargassum muticum (semen Panici Miliacei) ((semen Panici Miliacei))Sargassum muticum) Is an important economic brown algae, not only can be eaten and used as aquaculture feed, but also can be used as a tool seaweed for purifying offshore marine environment due to strong adsorption capacity to eutrophic substances and heavy metals. Sargassum muticum is rich in brown algae polysaccharide and polyphenol with biological activity, is a potential natural antioxidant and is an important raw material for preparing algin, so the sargassum muticum has great development potential in the fields of agriculture, environmental protection, medicine, chemical industry and the like. In recent years, with the rapid development of the holothurian aquaculture industry in the north, sargassum muticum is processedThe demand of sargassum muticum seedlings is continuously increased, and the artificial breeding of the sargassum muticum seedlings is realized by utilizing the sexual propagation characteristics of sargassum muticum through technical methods such as vegetable seed ripening, indoor seedling collection and cultivation, marine culture and the like. However, the seed vegetables used for large-scale artificial seedling culture are not systematically and directionally selected, so that the optimal arrangement of seed quality resources is lacked, the yield of the cultured partial seedlings is not high, the stress resistance is low, and the content of effective components is not high. Therefore, the cultivation of high-quality and high-yield excellent varieties is an important foundation for the current industrial development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an adhesion base supporting device for breeding fine sargassum muticum seeds and a method for breeding the fine sargassum muticum seeds, solves the problems of low yield, low stress resistance and low content of effective components of the existing sargassum muticum seeds, and can realize quality improvement and fine variety breeding of the sargassum muticum seeds.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
an adhesion base supporting device for breeding fine sargassum muticum seeds comprises connecting ropes, wherein the connecting ropes are wound on two pulleys to form a closed loop, and the two parallel connecting ropes move in opposite directions along with the rotation of the pulleys; the pulley is fixed on the raft frame in the sea area; the supporting frame is a cuboid without an upper cover, small holes are distributed on the body wall, and through holes are arranged on the outer side surface of each edge; the lifting rope sequentially penetrates through the plurality of through holes along the edge of the supporting frame and is fixed on the through holes, and two ends of the lifting rope are respectively fixed on the two parallel connecting ropes.
In order to match the size of the attachment base and comprehensively consider the bearing capacity of the lifting rope and the connecting rope, the size of the support frame is 80cm multiplied by 20cm multiplied by 15cm-120cm multiplied by 60cm multiplied by 25 cm.
In order to ensure the mobility of seawater in the frame body, the diameter of the small holes is 0.5-1 cm.
In order to improve the use strength and the service life of the lifting rope, the lifting rope is a polyethylene rope, and the diameter of the lifting rope is more than or equal to 0.8 cm.
In order to enable the supporting frame to be located at a proper water layer depth all the time, the attaching base supporting device further comprises a controller and an underwater illuminometer, the underwater illuminometer is installed on the supporting frame, and the controller is used for receiving the water layer depth actually measured by the underwater illuminometer, comparing the water layer depth with the set water layer depth, making a judgment and controlling the rotation direction of the pulley.
The invention also provides a breeding method of the sargassum muticum fine variety, which comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of an attachment group: the attaching base is a rectangular cement block, and one side of the attaching base on which the seedlings are attached is rough;
2) sargassum muticum spatfall: collecting sargassum muticum seed vegetables at the temperature of 12 ℃ in the sea area, selecting a single female parent with tall and big plant, strong algal bodies, more reproductive organs and good maturity, and measuring the content of algin of the female parent; washing the single sargassum muticum seed vegetable with high content of preferred algin with seawater, and putting the washed single sargassum muticum seed vegetable into a seedling collecting pool for collecting seedlings; continuously and temporarily culturing the seedlings in the workshop for 20-25 days, and transporting the seedlings to a sea for culturing after the length of the seedlings reaches 5-8 mm;
3) marine culture: the adhesion base supporting device is used, the pulley is rotated, the supporting frame floats out of the water surface, the adhesion base for adhering seedlings is placed in the supporting frame, the pulley is rotated reversely, and the supporting frame and the adhesion base are placed below the sea surface; in the process of marine culture, the supporting frame is lifted out of the water surface regularly, the growth condition of seedlings is observed, and the attaching bases are washed regularly until the seedlings are grown into adults;
4) in the next 5 months, when the temperature of seawater is stabilized to be more than 10 ℃, taking out the sargassum muticum cultivated in the support frame, selecting single plants with vigorous growth vigor, more reproductive supports and good maturity, measuring the content of algin, using the single plants with high algin content as seed vegetables, breeding according to the seedling cultivation method of the first year, cultivating for more than 3 years by the same method, and finally selecting excellent varieties with vigorous growth vigor and high algin content through germplasm breeding and screening for more than 3 generations.
In order to ensure the seedling collection effect, in the seedling collection process in the step 2), the illumination is controlled to 3000-10000lx, the water temperature is 20-22 ℃, and the salinity is not lower than 25 per thousand; nutrient element NO 3 A content of-N of 2 to 4 g/m 3 、PO 4 The content of-P is 0.2-0.4 g/m 3 。
In order to ensure the growth of the seedlings, the temporary culture conditions of the seedlings in the workshop in the step 2) are as follows: the illumination is not higher than 30000lx, the water temperature is not higher than 20 ℃, the salinity is not lower than 25 per thousand, the content of soluble inorganic nitrogen is 15-20 mu mol/L, the content of soluble inorganic phosphorus is 0.3-0.5 mu mol/L, and the flow velocity of water flow is not higher than 0.8 m/s.
In order to prevent the influence of the transportation process on the growth of the seedlings, the step 2) is carried from a workshop to a marine culture process, the transportation is carried at low temperature (the temperature is not higher than 22 ℃) in the morning and at night, and the attaching base is covered by a wet cloth soaked by seawater to keep the seedlings in a wet state. If the transportation process exceeds 1 hour, the container needs to be hermetically transported by an incubator and an ice bottle, and the temperature is controlled to be 13-20 ℃.
In order to ensure that the seedlings have enough growth space, the distance between two adjacent attaching bases in the supporting frame in the step 3) is 4-6cm, and the distance between the four edges of the attaching bases and the side wall of the supporting frame is 8-12 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: according to the adhesion base supporting device, the connecting rope is wound on the two fixed pulleys to form a closed loop, the adhesion base with seedlings is placed in the supporting frame, the lifting rope penetrates through the through hole in the supporting frame, the two ends of the lifting rope are respectively fixed to the two parallel connecting ropes, the connecting ropes move left and right along with the rotation of the pulleys to drive the two ends of the same lifting rope to move in opposite directions, and therefore the supporting frame can move up and down. Therefore, the invention can conveniently control the depth of the water layer where the support frame is positioned, and the seedlings on the attachment base are always under the illumination condition suitable for growth. When the supporting frame is lifted out of the water surface, the work of observing the growth condition of the seedlings, washing the attaching bases or harvesting algae can be carried out, so that the situation that the culture personnel enter the seawater for operation is avoided, and the daily management of the sargassum muticum culture is convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the adhesion-based supporting device of the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the attachment base support device after the pulley of FIG. 1 has been rotated clockwise;
the figure is marked with: connecting rope 1, lifting rope 2, pulley 3 and carriage 4.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments. The proportions and parts referred to in the present invention are by weight unless otherwise specifically indicated.
The invention provides an adhesion base supporting device for breeding improved sargassum muticum seeds and a method for breeding the improved sargassum muticum seeds, aiming at improving the seed yield of sargassum muticum seeds, improving the stress resistance and improving the content of effective nutrient components, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
an adhesion base supporting device for breeding fine sargassum muticum comprises a connecting rope 1, a lifting rope 2, pulleys 3 and a supporting frame 4, wherein the connecting rope is wound on the two pulleys to form a closed loop as shown in figure 1, and the two parallel connecting ropes move in opposite directions along with the rotation of the pulleys; the pulleys are fixed on the raft frame in the sea area. The support frame is a cuboid without an upper cover, and the size of the support frame is 80cm multiplied by 20cm multiplied by 15cm-120cm multiplied by 60cm multiplied by 25 cm. The supporting frame is characterized in that small holes are distributed on the wall of the supporting frame, the supporting frame is changed into a permeable frame body, the mobility of seawater in the frame body is guaranteed, and the diameter of each small hole is 0.5-1 cm. The outer side surface of the upper edge of the supporting frame is provided with a through hole, the lifting rope sequentially penetrates through the through holes along the edge and is fixed on the through hole, and then two ends of the lifting rope are respectively fixed on two parallel connecting ropes. In order to increase the stability, a plurality of lifting ropes are arranged on each supporting frame in parallel, and the lifting ropes are preferably polyethylene ropes, and the diameter of each lifting rope is more than or equal to 0.8 cm.
During the use, pass through lifting rope fixed connection with the carriage on connecting the rope, because the both ends of same lifting rope are connected respectively on two parallel connection ropes, when the pulley rotates, two parallel connection ropes move towards opposite direction, drive the both ends of lifting rope and move towards opposite direction to can draw close the carriage and connect the distance between the rope, the carriage floats the sea. At the moment, the adhesion base with the seedlings is fixed in the supporting frame, the pulley is moved reversely, the lifting rope is driven to gradually recover the original position, the distance between the supporting frame and the connecting rope is further increased, the supporting frame enters the position below the sea surface, and the seedlings start to be cultured on the sea. The depth of the water layer where the supporting frame is positioned can be adjusted at any time in the culture process, and the seedlings on the attaching base are always under the illumination condition suitable for growth.
As a preferred embodiment, the plane of the pulley and the connecting rope is vertical to the horizontal plane, and the lifting rope is fixed on the connecting rope and inclines towards the inner side, so that the risk of the side turning of the supporting frame when the two ends of the lifting rope move towards opposite directions is reduced.
In order to ensure that sargassum muticum is in the best illumination condition, the supporting frame needs to be placed in a proper water layer, in the cultivation method of the embodiment, the depth of the proper water layer is 3 meters below the sea level, but the sea level changes due to rising tide and falling tide, so the position of the supporting frame needs to move up and down along with the change of the sea level. In this embodiment, the attachment base supporting device further comprises a controller and an underwater illuminometer, wherein the underwater illuminometer is mounted on the supporting frame and used for measuring the depth of the water layer. The controller is used for receiving the water layer depth actually measured by the underwater illuminometer, comparing the water layer depth with the set water layer depth, making judgment and controlling the rotation direction of the pulley. Because the positions of the pulley and the connecting rope are fixed, the position of the supporting frame is adjusted by rotating the pulley, so that the supporting frame is always positioned at the proper depth of the water layer.
Through using the device of this embodiment, can be convenient rise or reduce the carriage, when the carriage floats the surface of water, observe the seedling growth condition, wash the adhesion base or gather the work of alga to avoided the breed personnel to get into the operation in the sea water, convenient daily management to the sargassum muticum breed.
The embodiment also provides a breeding method of the fine sargassum muticum, which comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of an attachment group: the attaching base is a rectangular cement block with the size of 25cm multiplied by 15cm multiplied by 3 cm-35 cm multiplied by 25cm multiplied by 8cm, the preferred size is 30cm multiplied by 20cm multiplied by 5cm, a round hole with the diameter of 0.8-1.5cm is arranged in the middle, and one side of the attaching base of the cement block is brushed roughly by a brush so as to be beneficial to attaching the broomcorn millet seedlings.
Before use, the adhesive base is soaked in fresh water for 7 days, water needs to be changed for 2-3 times, then the adhesive base is soaked in seawater for 7 days, water needs to be changed for 2-3 times, and finally potassium permanganate (with the mass percentage concentration of 1 ppm) is used for disinfection treatment.
2) Sargassum muticum spatholobus: collecting sargassum muticum seed vegetables in the sea area at the temperature of 12 ℃, selecting a single female parent with tall and big plant, strong algal bodies, more reproductive organs and good maturity, selecting a part of sample, and measuring the content of algin by using a calcium acetate method.
The seedling collecting pool is disinfected in advance, the attaching base is paved at the bottom of the pool, and then seawater is put into the pool, and the water depth is not less than 50 cm. Washing the selected single sargassum muticum seed vegetable with high algin content with seawater, putting the washed single sargassum muticum seed vegetable into a seedling collecting pool, marking a corresponding attaching base, and fixing the attaching base with a sinker to prevent the sargassum muticum seed vegetable from moving in the seedling collecting pool. And (5) culturing in flowing water to prolong the survival time of the seed vegetables in a workshop.
In the seedling picking process, the illumination is controlled to 3000 plus 10000lx, the water temperature is 20-22 ℃, and the salinity is not lower than 25 per thousand; nutrient element NO 3 The content of-N is 2 to 4 g/m 3 、PO 4 The content of-P is 0.2-0.4 g/m 3 . Checking the seedling attaching density every 2 days, wherein the seedling attaching density reaches 5-10 plants/cm 2 And picking up the seed vegetables. Continuously temporarily culturing the seedlings in the workshop for 20-25 days under the temporary culture conditions: the illumination is not higher than 30000lx, the water temperature is not higher than 20 ℃, the salinity is not lower than 25 per thousand, the content of soluble inorganic nitrogen is 15-20 mu mol/L, the content of soluble inorganic phosphorus is 0.3-0.5 mu mol/L, and the flow velocity of water flow is not higher than 0.8m/s, so as to prevent seedling dropping caused by washing. And after the length reaches 5-8mm, transporting the fish to offshore culture.
In order to prevent the seedlings from being damaged in the transportation process, the seedlings are transported at low temperature (the temperature is not higher than 25 ℃) in the morning and evening, and are covered on an attaching base by a wet cloth soaked by seawater to keep the seedlings in a wet state. If the transportation process exceeds 1 hour, the attaching base needs to be put into an incubator and then sealed and transported by a refrigerator, and the temperature is controlled to be 13-20 ℃. .
3) Marine culture: the attaching base supporting device is used, the pulley is rotated to enable the supporting frame to float out of the water surface, the attaching base of the attached seedlings is placed in the supporting frame, the binding strip penetrates through the round hole in the attaching base to fix the attaching base at the bottom of the plastic basket, and the pulley is rotated reversely to place the supporting frame and the attaching base 3m below the sea surface. The distance between two adjacent attaching bases in the supporting frame is 4-6cm, and the distance between the four edges of the attaching bases and the side wall of the supporting frame is 8-12cm, so that enough growth space for the seedlings is ensured.
In the process of marine culture, the supporting frame is lifted out of the water surface regularly, the growth condition of the seedlings is observed, and the attaching bases are washed regularly to prevent the attachment of the foreign algae until the seedlings are grown into adults. And the rotation of the pulley is controlled manually or by a controller in the culture process, so that the support frame is always positioned at the depth of a water layer suitable for the growth of sargassum muticum seedlings.
4) And in 5 months of the next year, when the temperature of the seawater is stabilized to be more than 10 ℃, taking out the sargassum muticum cultivated in the supporting frame, selecting single plants with vigorous growth vigor, more pessaries and good maturity, measuring the content of the algin, using the single plants with high algin content as seed vegetables, and breeding according to a seedling cultivation method of the first year.
5) And in 5 months in the third year, selecting a single plant with vigorous growth vigor, more pessaries, good maturity and high algin content from the sargassum muticum cultivated in the second year as a seed vegetable, and breeding according to the seedling method of the first year.
6) In the fourth year for 5 months, a single plant with vigorous growth vigor, more pessaries, good maturity and high algin content is selected from the sargassum muticum cultivated in the third year to be used as a seed vegetable, and the seed vegetable is bred according to the seedling method of the first year.
7) Through over 3 generations of germplasm breeding and screening, excellent variety with vigorous growth potential and high algin content is finally bred
By cultivating the sargassum muticum by the method, three continuous generations of selfing breeding of excellent single sargassum muticum plants is realized, single plant screening is performed from several factors of vigorous growth vigor, more reproduction bases, good maturity, high algin content and the like in the initial selection of high-quality vegetables, and the stable genetic character strain can be determined. And breeding and screening for more than 3 generations to finally breed the excellent variety with high algin content and large individual stress resistance, which can be stably inherited.
By adopting the marine breeding method for sargassum muticum, the adverse effect of drying out of intertidal zones on sargassum muticum seedlings is overcome. The supporting frame can be conveniently lifted out of the water surface by combining the adhesion base supporting device, the work of observing the growth condition of seedlings, washing the adhesion base and the like is carried out, and the management and tracking observation of the sargassum muticum seedlings are facilitated. The controller controls the supporting frame to be always positioned in a proper water layer depth, so that the healthy and strong growth of the sargassum muticum is facilitated. Therefore, the improved variety breeding method of the embodiment has strong operability and simple method, and is suitable for large-scale implementation.
The above examples are only a few of the several preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above examples; for a person skilled in the art, modifications can be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents can be substituted for some of the technical features; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (4)
1. A breeding method of sargassum muticum fine breed is characterized in that,
the sargassum muticum fine variety breeding method adopts an attachment base supporting device for sargassum muticum fine variety breeding, wherein the attachment base supporting device comprises connecting ropes which are wound on two pulleys to form a closed loop, and the two parallel connecting ropes move in opposite directions along with the rotation of the pulleys; the pulley is fixed on the raft frame in the sea area; the supporting frame is a cuboid without an upper cover, small holes are distributed on the body wall, and through holes are formed in the outer side face of the edge of the supporting frame; the lifting rope sequentially penetrates through the plurality of through holes along the edge of the supporting frame and is fixed on the through holes, and two ends of the lifting rope are respectively fixed on the two parallel connecting ropes;
the underwater illuminometer is arranged on the supporting frame, and the controller is used for receiving the water layer depth actually measured by the underwater illuminometer, comparing the water layer depth with the set water layer depth, making a judgment and controlling the rotation direction of the pulley;
the plane of the pulley and the connecting rope is vertical to the horizontal plane;
the breeding method of the sargassum muticum fine variety comprises the following steps: 1) preparation of an attachment group: the attaching base is a rectangular cement block, and one side of the attaching base on which the seedlings are attached is rough; 2) sargassum muticum spatholobus: collecting sargassum muticum seed vegetables at the temperature of 12 ℃ in the sea area, selecting a single female parent with tall and big plant, strong algal bodies, more reproductive organs and good maturity, and measuring the content of algin of the female parent; washing the single sargassum muticum seed vegetable with high content of preferred algin with seawater, and putting the washed single sargassum muticum seed vegetable into a seedling collecting pool for collecting seedlings; continuously temporarily culturing the seedlings in the workshop for 20-25 days, and transporting the seedlings to the offshore culture after the length of the seedlings reaches 5-8 mm; 3) marine culture: the adhesion base supporting device is used, the pulley is rotated, the supporting frame floats out of the water surface, the adhesion base for adhering seedlings is placed in the supporting frame, the pulley is rotated reversely, and the supporting frame and the adhesion base are placed below the sea surface; in the process of marine culture, the supporting frame is lifted out of the water surface regularly, the growth condition of seedlings is observed, and the attaching bases are washed regularly until the seedlings are grown into adults; 4) in the next 5 months, when the temperature of seawater is stabilized to be more than 10 ℃, taking out the sargassum muticum cultivated in the support frame, selecting single plants with vigorous growth vigor, more reproductive supports and good maturity, measuring the content of algin, making the single plants with high algin content into seed vegetables, breeding according to a seedling method of the first year, cultivating for more than 3 years by the same method, and finally selecting excellent varieties with vigorous growth vigor and high algin content through germplasm breeding and screening for more than 3 generations;
in the seedling collection process in the step 2), the illumination is controlled to 3000-10000lx, the water temperature is 20-22 ℃, and the salinity is not lower than 25 per thousand; nutrient element NO 3 The content of-N is 2 to 4 g/m 3 、PO 4 The content of-P is 0.2-0.4 g/m 3 ；
The temporary culture conditions of the seedlings in the workshop in the step 2) are as follows: the illumination is not higher than 30000lx, the water temperature is not higher than 20 ℃, the salinity is not lower than 25 per thousand, the content of soluble inorganic nitrogen is 15-20 mu mol/L, the content of soluble inorganic phosphorus is 0.3-0.5 mu mol/L, and the flow velocity of water flow is not higher than 0.8 m/s;
in the step 2), the seedlings are transported from a workshop to a marine culture process, the seedlings are transported in the morning and at the evening at low temperature, the temperature is not higher than 22 ℃, and the wet cloth soaked by seawater is covered on the attachment base to keep the seedlings in a wet state; if the transportation process exceeds 1 hour, the container needs to be hermetically transported by an incubator and an ice bottle, and the temperature is controlled to be 13-20 ℃;
the distance between two adjacent attaching bases in the supporting frame in the step 3) is 4-6cm, and the distance between the four edges of the attaching bases and the side wall of the supporting frame is 8-12 cm.
2. The breeding method of sargassum muticum fine breed according to claim 1, wherein the breeding method comprises the steps of,
the size of the support frame is 80cm multiplied by 20cm multiplied by 15cm-120cm multiplied by 60cm multiplied by 25 cm.
3. The breeding method of sargassum muticum fine breed according to claim 1, wherein the breeding method comprises the steps of,
the diameter of the small hole is 0.5-1 cm.
4. The breeding method of sargassum muticum fine breed according to claim 1, wherein the breeding method comprises the steps of,
the lifting rope is a polyethylene rope, and the diameter of the lifting rope is more than or equal to 0.8 cm.
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| CN112790102B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2023-07-21 | 山东省海洋科学研究院(青岛国家海洋科学研究中心) | Treatment method for promoting efficient accumulation of brown algae polyphenols in sargassum muticum |
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