CN109744140B - Indoor efficient seedling raising method for oogametophytic fixed-growth seaweed - Google Patents
Indoor efficient seedling raising method for oogametophytic fixed-growth seaweed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an indoor high-efficiency seedling raising method for oogametophytic fixed-growth seaweed, which is characterized in that seed algae are temporarily cultured on the surface of an sea area, and are clamped on seedling ropes to be continuously cultured when germ cells begin to appear, and when the seed algae enter a reproduction peak period, algae branches distributed with a large number of germ cells are collected to serve as seed vegetables; laying an inflation pipeline at the bottom of the seedling collecting pool, forming an inflation hole on the inflation pipeline, and connecting the inflation pipeline with an inflation pump; fixing the seedling curtain on the rigid plastic net by using a string as a seedling raising unit, and fixedly connecting a plurality of seedling raising units by using the string; four PVC floating balls are tied on the periphery of each seedling raising unit by using a floating ball rope, so that the seedling raising unit is kept 20-30cm away from the bottom surface of the seedling collecting pond; and laying the seed vegetables above the seedling curtain, introducing filtered seawater into the seedling collection pool, starting an inflator pump to inflate, and placing the seed vegetables in the seedling culture pool for seedling culture after the germ cells grow to adults and generate rhizoids. The method can make full use of algae, and adjust growth conditions such as illumination.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an indoor efficient seedling raising method for oogametophytic fixed-growth seaweed, and belongs to the technical field of seaweed cultivation.
Background
The cultivation of seaweed generally comprises two parts of seedling raising and marine culture, wherein the indoor seedling raising is a mode of utilizing vegetative bodies or germ cells of seaweed in a reproductive period to raise seaweed seedlings indoors, water temperature and illumination can be controlled manually, nutritive salt can be put in, the damage of hybrid algae and enemy to the seedlings can be reduced, the method is an advanced and reliable seedling raising mode, and most economic seaweed in China adopts the seedling raising mode.
The reproduction mode of seaweed can be divided into three modes of vegetative reproduction, asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction, and the egg mating reproduction is a reproduction mode of sexual reproduction, and is a reproduction mode of combining male and female gametes with different forms and sizes into zygote, and the female gamete is generally called egg, and is larger, and the male gamete is called sperm and smaller. Sexual propagation of sargassum and sargassum belongs to an egg mating reproduction mode mostly, and the indoor seedling raising by utilizing the reproduction mode is mainly characterized in that a certain amount of seed vegetables are needed, immobile reproduction cells are released, and seedlings are cultured indoors for a period of time. The conventional technical process is that mature seed algae collected from the sea are placed into a seedling raising pool, a seedling raising device is paved at the bottom of the pool in advance, spores are scattered by the seed algae, the spores are attached to the seedling raising device to continue to grow into seedlings, and the seedlings grow to a certain length and are transferred to the sea for cultivation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an indoor efficient seedling culture method for the oogametophytic fixed-growth seaweed, aiming at the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an indoor high-efficiency seedling raising method for oogametophytic fixed-growth seaweed comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting the seed vegetables:
when the algae enters the maturation stage, collecting a certain amount of algae as seed algae, temporarily culturing the seed algae on the surface of the sea area, clamping the seed algae on seedling ropes to continue culturing when reproductive cells (fertilized eggs) begin to appear, and when the seed algae enters the reproduction peak stage, collecting the algae branches distributed with a large amount of reproductive cells (fertilized eggs), wherein the algae branches distributed with a large amount of fertilized eggs are used as seed vegetables for standby;
(2) setting a seedling picking device:
the method is characterized in that a general indoor seedling raising pond for marine animals or plants is used as a seedling collecting pond, the height of the seedling collecting pond is higher than 60cm, seawater with enough depth can be stored conveniently, temperature buffering and sufficient nutritive salt providing are facilitated, light passing is good, and light intensity can meet requirements required by seaweed seedlings; laying an inflation pipeline at the bottom of the seedling collecting pool, uniformly arranging inflation holes on the inflation pipeline, and connecting the inflation pipeline with an inflation pump; the seedling curtain is fixed on the rigid plastic net through the string, so that not only is the substrate fixing and water flowing facilitated, the rigid plastic net fixed with the seedling curtain serves as seedling raising units, the seedling raising units are fixedly connected through the string, mutual folding and friction are prevented, through the treatment, the seedling curtain is firmly attached to the plastic net, the seedling curtain is not reversed or blank due to impact of water flow, the area of a seedling raising pool can be fully utilized in a spore collecting stage, and ineffective attachment is reduced; four PVC floating balls are tied on the periphery of each seedling raising unit by using a floating ball rope, so that the seedling raising unit is kept 20-30cm away from the bottom surface of the seedling collecting pond;
(3) germ cell diffusion:
laying the seed vegetables above the seedling curtain, and introducing filtered seawater into the seedling picking pond, wherein the depth of the filtered seawater is 40-50 cm; simultaneously, starting an air pump to inflate, wherein the inflating time is 20-22h per day, uniformly dispersing the seed vegetables for 1 time respectively in the morning and afternoon, after the seed vegetables are diffused for 48-72h, the germ cells develop to adults, the adhesion is firmer after the adults generate rhizomes, slightly washing the whole seedling culture unit, washing out the residual branches and other attachments, and continuously placing the seedling culture unit in a seedling culture pond for seedling culture; fertilized eggs continuously scattered by algae in the egg mating reproduction are immobile and are easy to scatter and adhere unevenly due to the aggregation of algae, and are excessively concentrated or not adhered, an inflation pipeline is laid at the bottom of the pond, and the scattered fertilized eggs are scattered evenly by gas impact;
(4) seedling culture:
during seedling culture, the length of the floating ball rope can be adjusted according to illumination change, and the seedlings are always in a proper illumination range; the inflation pipeline inflates air at a proper time, so that water flow and production cost can be saved; the seedling curtain is sprayed and washed regularly, and the whole seedling culture unit is taken out for spraying and washing, so that the labor is saved; when the seedling curtain is moved to the offshore culture, the plastic net and the seedling curtain can be cultured together when the seedlings are small, the maintenance is convenient, and the seedling culture substrate is not easy to wind.
In the technical scheme, in the step (1), the algae are required to grow robustly and have normal color; the collection method comprises the steps of reserving roots, taking the part of the algae with more reproductive organs, cutting the collected algae short, clamping the collected algae on seedling ropes, and culturing on the surface of a sea area by adopting a raft culture method, wherein the culture requirement is that the algae are uniformly scattered and are basically not mutually shielded and wound at a certain distance, and rotten algae, attached mud and miscellaneous algae are periodically removed; when germ cells (fertilized eggs) begin to appear, the algae body which grows normally is taken down from the seedling rope, cut into 2-3 sections, and continuously clamped on the seedling rope for cultivation, so that the cultivation density can be properly increased, and the loss of residual branches is more because the algae body begins to enter a decline stage; when the seaweed enters the reproduction peak period, the seaweed branches with fertilized eggs can be collected for seedling collection. The method has the advantages that the algae are mature uniformly, the maturity of the algae is easier to judge, and the algae breeding utilization rate is higher.
In the above technical solution, in the step (2), 4 to 8, preferably 4 to 6, and 6 to 14, preferably 8 to 12, air inflation pipelines are laid longitudinally and transversely.
In the above technical solution, in the step (2), the diameter of the inflation hole is 0.3-0.6cm, preferably 0.5 cm; the density of the air charging holes is 8-12/m, preferably 10/m.
In the above technical scheme, in the step (2), the number of the seedling raising units is 2 or 4; the diameter of the mesh of the hard plastic net is 3-5cm, preferably 5 cm.
In the above technical scheme, in the step (3), the weight ratio of the seed vegetable to the number of the seedling curtains is 300-800 g: 1 spreading seed vegetable, preferably 500 g: 1 piece.
In the technical scheme, in the step (3), when the air is inflated by the inflator pump, the air output is adjusted to be 15-25cm higher than the seedling raising unit.
In the technical scheme, in the step (4), during seedling culture, when the illumination on a sunny day is strong, the length of the floating ball rope is extended, the seedling culture unit is separated from the bottom of the seedling culture pond by about 15-20cm, and the inflation is stopped; when the illumination is not strong in cloudy days, the length of the floating ball rope is shortened, the seedling raising unit is separated from the water surface by about 15-20cm, and the floating ball rope is inflated properly.
In the technical scheme, in the step (4), the inflator pump is started at night, and water flow is stopped; the water amount can be saved by about 50 percent in a seedling raising period of two months.
In the technical scheme, in the step (4), the spraying is carried out regularly according to the attachment degree of the miscellaneous algae, generally once in 3d, and the method is to take out the whole seedling raising unit and place the seedling raising unit on the edge of the pond for spraying.
The technical scheme of the invention has the advantages of saving vegetable seeds, ensuring uniform adhesion of the seedlings, being convenient for adjusting the growth environment, saving manpower and material resources, and being an efficient seedling raising technical method.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided, but the present invention is not limited to the following descriptions:
example 1: efficient indoor breeding of sargassum muticum
(1) Collection of seed vegetables
50kg of seed vegetables are collected when sargassum muticum enters a maturation period at the water temperature of 11 ℃. The vegetables are required to grow strongly and have normal color. The collection method comprises retaining root, cutting from 2/3 position at the upper part of the frond, and collecting the frond part with more pessary. The collected algae are cut into 60-80cm, every 2-3 plants are clamped on a seedling rope with the length of 2.5m in a cluster manner, the cluster interval is 10-15 cm, the seedling clamping position is 5-10 cm above the cut-off part of the algae, and the algae are washed every 3 d. And (5) observing the maturity of the pessary every 7 days. When the seawater temperature is 14 ℃, finding that fertilized eggs begin to appear, taking down the normally grown algae from the seedling rope, cutting the algae into sections of 30cm, clamping every 2-3 plants on the seedling rope of 2.5m in a cluster manner, wherein the cluster interval is 8-10 cm, the seedling clamping position is the middle of the algae, and washing the algae every 3 d. And (4) starting to collect the algae branches with fertilized eggs for seedling collection when the algae enters the reproduction peak period.
(2) Setting seedling picking device
And (4) breeding the abalone seedlings by adopting an indoor breeding pond with the height of 60 cm. The top is provided with a skylight, the periphery is provided with a window, the light is good, and the light intensity can meet the requirements of the seaweed seedlings.
Laying 4 longitudinal and 8 transverse inflation pipelines at the bottom of the pond, wherein the diameter of an inflation hole on each pipeline is 0.5cm, the density is 10/m, inflating is carried out by using an inflator pump, and the gas output can be uniformly adjusted to reach 20cm at the upper part of the seedling raising unit.
The cloth curtain with the specification of 1.2m multiplied by 0.6m is evenly fixed on the rigid plastic net by a string and the like. The diameter of the mesh is 5cm, the specification of the plastic net is 4m multiplied by 2.5m, the plastic net is divided into two seedling raising units, the specification is 2m multiplied by 2.5m, the seedling raising units are fixedly connected with each other through thin lines, four floating ball ropes are tied on the periphery of each seedling raising unit, the buoyancy of each floating ball is 5kg, and the seedling raising units are kept 20-30cm away from the bottom surface.
(3) Germ cell diffusion:
placing the seed vegetables at the ratio of the weight of the algae bodies to the number of the seedling curtains of 500g to 1, and introducing filtered seawater into the seedling picking pond, wherein the depth of the filtered seawater is 40 cm; and simultaneously, inflating for 48 hours, uniformly dispersing the seed vegetables for 1 time respectively in the morning and afternoon, after the seed vegetables are dispersed for 72 hours, taking out the seed vegetables after the rhizoid generated by the sargassum muticum seedlings is firmly attached, slightly washing the whole seedling culture unit, and washing out the residual branches and other attachments. And continuously placing the mixture in the pool for culturing.
The observation result shows that the fertilized eggs are uniformly attached, the distance between seedlings is between 0.8mm and 5mm, and the phenomenon of conglomeration attachment or large-area blank of a seedling curtain does not occur.
(4) Seedling culture:
firstly, light irradiation adjustment
When the illumination is strong in sunny days, the length of the floating ball rope is extended to enable the seedling raising unit to be about 10cm away from the substrate, and the inflation is stopped; when the illumination is not strong in cloudy days, the length of the floating ball rope is shortened, the seedling raising unit is separated from the water surface by about 20-30cm, and the floating ball rope is inflated properly. The method can grow the water layer at any time without adjusting the water layer by increasing or reducing the quantity, and saves water consumption by about 30 percent in time.
② inflation
The inflator pump is started at night, and the water flow is stopped. The water amount can be saved by about 50 percent in a seedling raising period of two months.
Thirdly, spray washing
And (3) periodically carrying out spray washing according to the attachment degree of the miscellaneous algae, generally carrying out spray washing once in 3d, wherein the method is to take out the whole seedling raising unit and place the seedling raising unit on the edge of the pond for spray washing. Basically, one person can handle nearly 40 seedling curtains in the morning, and two people are needed in the traditional method, and 30 seedling curtains are handled in the morning, so that general labor is saved, and the efficiency is improved by 30%.
Example 2: indoor efficient seedling culture of sargassum thunbergii
(1) Collection of seed vegetables
Collecting 60kg of vegetables when the Sargassum thunbergii is in the maturation stage at the water temperature of 15 deg.C. The vegetables are required to grow strongly and have normal color. The collection method comprises retaining root, cutting from 2/3 position at the upper part of the frond, and collecting the frond part with more pessary. And shearing the collected algae into 30-50cm, clamping every 2-3 plants on a seedling rope with the length of 2.5m, wherein the seedling clamping part is the middle part of the algae, the cluster interval is 8-10 cm, and swinging and washing the algae every 3 d. And (5) observing the maturity of the pessary every 7 days. And (4) collecting the algae branches with fertilized eggs for seedling collection when the sargassum thunbergii enters the reproductive peak.
(2) Setting a seedling picking device:
and (4) adopting an indoor animal seedling raising pond to raise seedlings, wherein the height of the seedling raising pond is 80 cm. The top is provided with a skylight, the periphery is provided with a window, the light is good, and the light intensity can meet the requirements of the seaweed seedlings.
And 6 longitudinal and 12 transverse inflation pipelines are laid at the bottom of the pond, the diameter of an inflation hole on each pipeline is 0.5cm, the density is 10/m, an inflation pump is used for inflating, and the gas output can be uniformly adjusted to reach 20cm at the upper part of the seedling raising unit.
The cloth curtain with the specification of 1.2m multiplied by 0.6m is evenly fixed on the rigid plastic net by a string and the like. The diameter of the mesh is 5cm, the specification of the plastic net is 6m multiplied by 4m, the plastic net is divided into 4 seedling raising units, the specification is 3m multiplied by 2m, the seedling raising units are fixedly connected with each other through thin lines, four PVC floating balls are tied on the periphery of each seedling raising unit through floating ball ropes, the buoyancy of each floating ball is 5kg, and the seedling raising units are kept 20-30cm away from the bottom surface.
(3) Germ cell diffusion:
placing the seed vegetables at the ratio of the weight of the algae bodies to the number of the seedling curtains of 500g to 1, and introducing filtered seawater into the seedling picking pond, wherein the depth of the filtered seawater is 50 cm; and simultaneously, inflating for 48 hours, uniformly dispersing the seedlings of the sargassum thunbergii for 1 time respectively in the morning and afternoon, after the seedlings of the sargassum thunbergii are dispersed for 72 hours, taking out the seedlings, slightly washing the whole seedling culture unit, and washing out the residual branches and other attachments. And continuously placing the mixture in the pool for culturing.
The observation result shows that the fertilized eggs are uniformly attached, the distance between seedlings is between 0.6mm and 3mm, and the phenomenon of conglomeration attachment or large-area blank of a seedling curtain does not occur.
(5) Seedling culture:
firstly, light irradiation adjustment
When the illumination is strong in sunny days, the length of the floating ball rope is extended to enable the seedling raising unit to be about 30cm away from the bottom, and the inflation is stopped; when the illumination is not strong in cloudy days, the length of the floating ball rope is shortened, the seedling raising unit is separated from the water surface by about 15-25cm, and the floating ball rope is inflated properly. The method can grow the water layer at any time without adjusting the water layer by increasing or reducing the quantity, and saves water consumption by nearly 40 percent in time.
② inflation
The inflator pump is started at night, and the water flow is stopped. The water amount can be saved by about 50 percent in a seedling raising period of two months.
Thirdly, spray washing
And (3) periodically carrying out spray washing according to the attachment degree of the miscellaneous algae, generally carrying out spray washing once in 3d, wherein the method is to take out the whole seedling raising unit and place the seedling raising unit on the edge of the pond for spray washing. Basically, one person can handle nearly 45 seedling curtains in the morning, and two people are needed in the traditional method, 35 seedling curtains are handled in the morning, so that general labor is saved, and the efficiency is improved by nearly 30%.
The above examples are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An indoor high-efficiency seedling raising method for oogametophytic fixed-growth seaweed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting the seed vegetables:
when the algae enters the maturation stage, collecting a certain amount of algae as seed algae, temporarily culturing the seed algae on the surface of the sea area, clamping the seed algae on seedling ropes for continuous culture when reproductive cells begin to appear, and when the seed algae enters the reproduction peak stage, collecting the algae branches distributed with a large amount of reproductive cells, wherein the algae branches distributed with a large amount of fertilized eggs are used as seed vegetables for later use;
(2) setting a seedling picking device:
taking a general indoor seedling raising pond for marine animals or plants as a seedling collecting pond, wherein the height of the seedling collecting pond is higher than 60 cm; laying an inflation pipeline at the bottom of the seedling collecting pool, uniformly arranging inflation holes on the inflation pipeline, and connecting the inflation pipeline with an inflation pump; fixing the seedling curtain on a rigid plastic net by using a thin rope, taking the rigid plastic net fixed with the seedling curtain as seedling growing units, fixedly connecting the seedling growing units by using the thin rope, and tying four PVC floating balls on the periphery of each seedling growing unit by using a floating ball rope to ensure that the seedling growing units are kept 20-30cm away from the bottom surface of the seedling collecting pool;
4-8 air inflation pipelines are longitudinally paved and 6-14 air inflation pipelines are transversely paved; the diameter of the inflation holes is 0.3-0.6cm, and the opening density is 8-12/m; the number of the seedling raising units is 2 or 4; the diameter of the meshes of the hard plastic net is 3-5 cm;
(3) germ cell diffusion:
the method comprises the following steps of paving seed vegetables above a seedling curtain, and mixing the raw materials according to the weight of the seed vegetables and the number ratio of the seedling curtain of 300-800 g: 1, paving seed vegetables; introducing filtered seawater into the seedling picking pond, wherein the depth of the filtered seawater is 40-50 cm; simultaneously starting an air pump to inflate, wherein the inflating time is 10-12h per day, generally inflating at night, uniformly dispersing the seeds for 1 time respectively in the morning and the afternoon, after diffusing for 48-72h, developing the germ cells to adults, slightly washing the whole seedling raising unit after the adults generate the rhizoid, washing the residual branches and other attachments off, and continuously placing the seedlings in a seedling raising pond for seedling raising culture;
(4) seedling culture:
during seedling culture, the length of the floating ball rope can be adjusted according to illumination change, and the seedlings are always in a proper illumination range; the inflation pipeline inflates air at a proper time, so that water flow and production cost can be saved; the seedling curtain is sprayed and washed regularly, and the whole seedling culture unit is taken out for spraying and washing, so that the labor is saved; when the seedling curtain is moved to the offshore culture, the plastic net and the seedling curtain can be cultured together when the seedlings are small, the maintenance is convenient, and the seedling culture substrate is not easy to wind.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the algae are required to be strongly grown and have normal color; the collection method comprises the steps of reserving roots, taking the part of the algae with more reproductive organs, cutting the collected algae short, clamping the collected algae on seedling ropes, and culturing on the surface of a sea area by adopting a raft culture method, wherein the culture requirement is that the algae are uniformly scattered and are basically not mutually shielded and wound at a certain distance, and rotten algae, attached mud and miscellaneous algae are periodically removed; when the germ cells begin to appear, the algae which grow normally are taken down from the seedling rope, cut into 2-3 sections and continuously clamped on the seedling rope for cultivation; collecting the algae branches with fertilized eggs when the algae enters the reproductive peak period, and collecting the seedlings.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the gas output is adjusted to be uniform to 15-25cm above the seedling raising unit when the air pump is used for inflating.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), during seedling culture, when the illumination is strong on a sunny day, the length of the floating ball rope is extended, the seedling culture unit is separated from the bottom of the seedling culture pond by about 15-20cm, and the aeration is stopped; when the illumination is not strong in cloudy days, the length of the floating ball rope is shortened, the seedling raising unit is separated from the water surface by about 15-20cm, and the floating ball rope is inflated properly.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (4), the inflator is turned on at night to stop the flow of water; the water amount can be saved by about 50 percent in a seedling raising period of two months.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the spraying is performed periodically according to the attachment degree of the miscellaneous algae, and the spraying is performed once in 3d by taking out the whole seedling raising unit and placing the whole seedling raising unit on the edge of the pond for spraying.
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| CN112790102B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2023-07-21 | 山东省海洋科学研究院(青岛国家海洋科学研究中心) | Treatment method for promoting efficient accumulation of brown algae polyphenols in sargassum muticum |
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| CN109744140A (en) | 2019-05-14 |
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