CN111869608B - Ecological breeding method for breeding young stichopus japonicus fry in small net cage of pond - Google Patents
Ecological breeding method for breeding young stichopus japonicus fry in small net cage of pond Download PDFInfo
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- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/30—Culture of aquatic animals of sponges, sea urchins or sea cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an ecological breeding method for breeding stichopus japonicus young stichopus japonicus fries in a small net cage of a pond, which comprises the following steps: selecting a pond, setting a net cage, obtaining the stichopus japonicus fries, transporting the stichopus japonicus fries, putting the stichopus japonicus fries and the like. The method improves the survival rate of the young stichopus japonicus seeds cultured at the later stage, reduces the overall culturing cost, and improves the adaptability of the young stichopus japonicus seeds to outdoor sea area environment, thereby ensuring that the survival rate is improved by about 50% in the later stage culturing, and reducing the overall culturing cost by about 40%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of marine aquaculture, in particular to an ecological culture method for cultivating young stichopus japonicus seedlings in a small net cage of a pond.
Background
In the prior art, in the breeding method for breeding stichopus japonicus young sea cucumbers, the workshop often has insufficient space for seedling division due to high-density breeding of early-stage young sea cucumbers, and the young sea cucumbers are easy to die excessively due to the difficulty in replacing large-aperture net cage bags in the early-stage young sea cucumber breeding of a large net cage. On the other hand, in the prior art, fuel is needed to be used in winter cultivation, a large amount of waste gas and waste water are discharged, a large amount of artificial baits and medicines are needed to be used in the cultivation process, the cultivation cost is high, the environment is polluted, and the requirement of meeting quality safety standard cannot be guaranteed.
The small net cage is simple and convenient to manufacture, firm and durable in structural design, lower in cost compared with a large net cage, and capable of being rapidly arranged and used in various existing aquatic product culture ponds. Therefore, the ecological breeding method for breeding the stichopus japonicus young stichopus japonicus fries by using the small net cages in the pond, which can effectively improve the survival rate, reduce the breeding cost, has no pollution and no medicine residue, meets the requirements of the stichopus japonicus fry quality safety standard, and can effectively protect the ecological environment around the breeding area, becomes urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ecological breeding method for young stichopus japonicus fries cultured in a small net cage of a pond, and aims to solve the problems that the survival rate of young stichopus japonicus fries is low, the cost is high, outdoor overwintering culture cannot be carried out and the environmental friendliness is poor in the prior art in early-stage fry culture.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides an ecological breeding method for breeding young stichopus japonicus seeds in a small net cage of a pond, which comprises the following steps:
s1, address selection preparation;
selecting a pond with water depth of 1-3.5m, sealing and seawater exchange conditions for disinfection throughout the year;
s2, arranging a small net cage;
s21, setting an upper frame of the small net cage;
two boom ropes with the interval of 1-1.2m are arranged above the pond, and two ends of each boom rope are fixed at the bottom of the pond; rods are tied between the two boom ropes at intervals of 2.05-2.1m, and floating balls are tied below the joints of the rods and the boom ropes;
s22, setting a net cage bag and a lower frame;
binding the opening of the 8-mesh to 20-mesh net box bag in an area enclosed by the boom rope and the rod through a plurality of connecting ropes, and keeping the distance between the upper edge of the net box bag and the water surface to be 10-15 cm; arranging a bottom frame at the bottom of the net cage bag to immerse the net cage bag under water and vertically open the net cage bag; the plurality of net cage bags are sequentially arranged in a step shape;
s23, setting an attachment group;
binding an attachment base of 40-60 meshes in the net cage bag, and binding a sinker on the attachment base to enable the attachment base to spread in a U shape and sink under the water surface;
s3, transporting and releasing the stichopus japonicus seedlings;
the stichopus japonicus fry transportation time is within 2 hours and comprises 2 hours, the stichopus japonicus fry is placed in a heat preservation box and is directly transported to a small net cage area, and the stichopus japonicus fry is uniformly thrown into the net cage bag;
the transportation time of the young stichopus japonicus exceeds 2 hours, the young stichopus japonicus is added with seawater and inflated, then is put into an incubator and transported to a small net cage area, and finally is put into a container filled with pond water for seedling slowing for 20 minutes and then is evenly put into the net cage bag;
the apostichopus japonicus seedling throwing specification in the small net cage is as follows: the specification of the stichopus japonicus seedlings integrally put into the small net cage is 4000-20000 heads/kg, the mass of the stichopus japonicus seedlings put into each net cage bag is 0.25-0.5kg, and the total amount of the stichopus japonicus seedlings is 1000-10000 heads;
s4, covering a sunshade net;
after the young stichopus japonicus is put into the small net cage, covering a 6-8-needle encrypted sun-shading net on each row of net cage bags;
s5, detecting the water quality;
detecting the water quality of the pond for 1-2 times every day, exchanging the water body of the pond and keeping the mesh water flow smooth;
s6, adjusting the water temperature;
and 5 to 11 months per year, the water temperature in the small net cage is reduced by 3 to 5 ℃, and the water temperature in the small net cage is increased by 1 to 2 ℃ from 12 to 4 months in the next year.
Preferably, 60-80 kg/mu of quicklime and 10-30 kg/mu of bleaching powder are used in the sterilization step described in S1.
Preferably, the manner of adjusting the water temperature in S6 is: the floating ball with the diameter of 28-30cm is tied and tied below the boom rope in 5-11 months each year, and the upper edge of the net cage bag is kept 10-15cm away from the water surface, namely the sunshade net is kept 10-15cm away from the water surface; and the floating ball with the diameter of 18-20cm is tied below the boom rope every 12 months to 4 months in the next year, and the upper edge of the net cage bag is kept 3-5cm away from the water surface, namely the sunshade net is kept close to the water surface.
The net bag is preferably a reusable polyethylene net.
Preferably, the attachment base is a polyethylene mesh attachment base.
Compared with the prior art, the invention improves the survival rate by about 50 percent during later-stage cultivation, simultaneously reduces the cultivation cost by about 40 percent in total, and improves the adaptability of the young stichopus japonicus seeds to outdoor sea environment, thereby ensuring the high survival rate of the late-stage young stichopus japonicus seed bottom sowing proliferation. The invention completely adopts a natural ecological breeding mode, does not use fuel in winter, completely has no exhaust gas and wastewater discharge, and has no use of artificial bait and medicine in the breeding process, thereby ensuring that the bred stichopus japonicus young stichopus japonicus offspring seed has no pollution and no medicine residue, completely meeting the quality safety standard requirements of the stichopus japonicus offspring seed, and effectively protecting the surrounding ecological environment of the breeding area. The invention saves the cost of manpower, bait, medicine and energy, and the use of the small net cage can not only ensure the normal growth and development of the young stichopus japonicus seeds cultured outdoors, but also improve the comprehensive adaptability of the young stichopus japonicus seeds to the outdoor sea environment, thereby improving the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus seeds cultured in the later bottom sowing and proliferation process, improving the yield of the final high-quality commodity stichopus japonicus, and obviously increasing the overall comprehensive economic benefit of stichopus japonicus culture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the net cage bags of the small net cage for culturing young stichopus japonicus offspring seeds in the pond, which are arranged in a ladder way.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view structure diagram of a small net cage for cultivating stichopus japonicus young seeds in the pond.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective structure view of a small net cage for cultivating young stichopus japonicus seeds in the pond.
Wherein: 1. a boom rope, 2, a rod, 3, a net cage bag, 4, an attachment base, 5, a floating ball, 6, a falling stone, 7, a bottom frame, 8, a connecting rope, 9, a sunshade net, 10, a net cage cleaning brush, 11, a first magic adhesive strip, 12, a second magic adhesive strip, 13, a handle, 14, a brush board, 15, a sliding block, 16 and a guide rail.
Detailed Description
An ecological breeding method for breeding stichopus japonicus young stichopus japonicus fries in a small net cage of a pond comprises the following steps:
s1, address selection preparation;
selecting a pond with water depth of 1-3.5m, sealing and seawater exchange conditions for disinfection throughout the year; in the disinfection step described in S1, 60-80 kg/mu of quicklime and 10-30 kg/mu of bleaching powder are used.
S2, arranging a small net cage;
s21, setting an upper frame of the small net cage;
two boom ropes 1 with the distance of 1m-1.2m are arranged above the pond, and both ends of each boom rope 1 are fixed at the bottom of the pond; rods 2 are tied between the two boom ropes 1 every 2.05-2.1m, and floating balls 5 are tied below the joints of the rods 2 and the boom ropes 1;
s22, setting a net cage bag and a lower frame;
the opening of a mesh-8-20 mesh net cage bag 3 is tied in an area surrounded by the boom rope 1 and the rod 2 through a plurality of connecting ropes 8, so that the distance between the upper edge of the net cage bag 3 and the water surface is kept between 10cm and 15 cm; arranging a bottom frame at the bottom of the net cage bag 3 to immerse the net cage bag 3 under water and vertically open the net cage bag; the mesh box bags 3 are sequentially arranged in a step shape; the net cage bag 3 is a reusable polyethylene net.
S23, setting an attachment group;
binding an attachment base 4 of 40-60 meshes in the net cage bag 3, binding a falling stone 6 at the bottom of the attachment base 4, and spreading the attachment base 4 in a U shape and sinking into the water surface; the attaching base (4) is a polyethylene mesh attaching base.
S3, transporting and releasing the stichopus japonicus seedlings;
the stichopus japonicus seedlings are transported within 2 hours and comprise 2 hours, placed in an insulation can and directly transported to a small net cage area, and are uniformly thrown into the net cage bag 3;
the transportation time of the young stichopus japonicus exceeds 2 hours, the young stichopus japonicus is added with seawater and inflated, then is put into an incubator and transported to a small net cage area, finally is put into a container filled with pond water for seedling slowing for 20 minutes, and then is evenly put into the net cage bag 3;
the apostichopus japonicus seedling throwing specification in the small net cage is as follows: the specification of the integrally thrown stichopus japonicus seedlings in the small net cage is 4000-20000 heads/kg, the mass of the stichopus japonicus seedlings thrown in each net cage bag 3 is 0.25-0.5kg, and the total amount of the stichopus japonicus seedlings is 1000-10000 heads;
s4, covering a sunshade net;
after the young stichopus japonicus is put into the small net cage, covering a 6-8-needle-encrypted sunshade net 9 on each row of net cage bags 3;
s5, detecting water quality;
detecting the water quality of the pond for 1-2 times every day, exchanging the water body of the pond and keeping the mesh water flow smooth;
s6, adjusting the water temperature;
and 5 to 11 months per year, reducing the water temperature in the small net cage by 3 to 5 ℃, and increasing the water temperature in the small net cage by 1 to 2 ℃ from 12 to 4 months in the next year.
The water temperature adjusting method in the step S6 is as follows: the floating ball 5 with the diameter of 28-30cm is tied below the boom rope 1 every 5-11 months, and the upper edge of the net cage bag 3 is kept 10-15cm away from the water surface, namely the sunshade net 9 is kept 10-15cm away from the water surface; and the floating ball 5 with the diameter of 18-20cm is tied below the boom rope 1 every 12 months to 4 months next year, and the upper edge of the net cage bag 3 is kept 3-5cm away from the water surface, namely the sunshade net 9 is kept close to the water surface.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the structure of the small net cage of the present invention comprises a net cage bag 3, an upper frame surrounded by a boom rope 1 and a rod 2, and a bottom frame. The bag opening of the net cage bag 3 is bound along the upper frame, and the bag bottom of the net cage bag 3 is opened through a bottom frame 7 arranged outside; the lower rod pieces of the bottom frame 7 in two length directions are taken as guide rails 16, and the net cage cleaning brush 10 is arranged along the guide rails 16 in a sliding manner. An attachment base 4 is bound in the net cage bag 3, and the attachment base 4 sinks under the water surface through a falling stone 6 bound at the bottom. The attaching base 4 is a polyethylene mesh attaching base with 40 meshes to 60 meshes. A plurality of step-shaped net cage bags 3 which are sequentially arranged are sleeved outside the upper frame. The height difference between the step-shaped sequentially arranged net cage bags 3 and the adjacent net cage bags 3 is 10-20 cm. The net box bag 3 is 2m-2.2m long, 1m-1.2m wide, 0.6m-0.8m high and 8-20 meshes. A floating ball 5 is detachably arranged outside the small net cage 3; the upper part of the small net cage 3 is also covered with a sunshade net 9. The sunshade net 9 is a 6-8 needle-encrypted sunshade net. The upper part of the net cage cleaning brush 10 is provided with a handle 13, the middle part is provided with a brush plate 14, and the bottom part is provided with a slide block 15 matched with the guide rail 16. The small net cage 3 is adhered to a second magic adhesive strip 12 connected with the floating ball 5 through a first magic adhesive strip 11 arranged around the mouth of the small net cage. The diameter of the floating ball 5 is 18cm-30 cm. The first magic adhesive strip 11 and the second magic adhesive strip 12 are made of materials capable of being repeatedly bonded, and the first magic adhesive strip 11 is the same as the second magic adhesive strip 12 in size.
1. Pond selection and pretreatment
Selecting a pond with the maximum water depth of more than 1.5 meters and the minimum water depth of more than 1 meter, good sealing and good seawater exchange conditions. Before erecting the small net cage, lime and bleaching powder are used for carrying out full-pool splashing disinfection, and the use concentration is as follows: 60-80 kg/mu of quicklime and 10-30 kg/mu of bleaching powder.
2. Layout requirements of small net cages
According to the actual structure and the operation condition of the pond, the water depth and the occupied area at the early stage are measured and investigated, the area and the number of the small net cages which can be erected are reasonably designed and planned, and an overall layout is formed. According to the overall layout, small net cages are erected and arranged in rows, and a distance of 1-3 m is reserved between two rows of small net cages, so that ships can be managed conveniently.
3. Erecting small net cage frame and net cage bag
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, two boom ropes 1 made of polyethylene with a distance of 1 meter and a diameter of 18mm-30mm are arranged in the erection area, two ends of the boom ropes 1 are fixed at the bottom of the pond through a cement plug of 300 kg and 1000 kg, and a bamboo rod 2 with a diameter of 30mm-50mm is bound at intervals of 2.05m-2.1m between the two boom ropes 1. Then binding 1 polyethylene net cage bags 3 with the mesh of 8-20 and the size of 2m multiplied by 1m multiplied by 0.6m in a rectangular area enclosed by the two rods 2 and the two boom ropes 1; each pocket opening of each net cage bag 3 is tied on the rod 2 and the boom rope 1 through ten connecting ropes 8 which are distributed, wherein each boom rope 1 is provided with two connecting points, each rod is provided with one connecting point, and the connecting positions of the two bamboo rods and the two boom ropes are provided with four connecting points. The upper edge of the net cage bag 3 keeps 10-15cm from the water surface. Finally, a bottom frame 7 made of reinforcing steel bars with the length of 2 meters, the width of 1 meter and the height of 0.3 meter is arranged outside the net cage bag 3, the diameter of the reinforcing steel bars is 10-12 millimeters, four corners of the net cage bag 3 are bound on four corners of the bottom frame 7 through connecting ropes, or a reinforcing steel bar frame with the length of 2 meters, the width of 1 meter is arranged at the bottom of the net cage bag, so that the net cage bag 3 is submerged underwater and can be vertically unfolded; the steel bars of the bottom frames 7 in two length directions are taken as guide rails 16, and net cage cleaning brushes 10 are respectively arranged along the two guide rails 16 in a sliding manner; the upper part of the net cage cleaning brush 10 is provided with a handle 13, the middle part is provided with a brush plate 14, and the bottom part is provided with a slide block 15.
If the net box bags 3 are arranged in a step shape, the height difference between every two net box bags 3 is 10cm-20 cm.
4. Polyethylene net sheet attaching base arranged in small net cage bag
After the small net cage is manufactured, four corners of 4 four attaching bases of three polyethylene net pieces with the sizes of 1m multiplied by 1m and 40 meshes to 60 meshes are bound at the long edge of the net cage bag 3 through 60 strands of polyethylene connecting ropes, the distance between fixed points on the same side of each attaching base 4 is 50cm, each attaching base 4 is unfolded in a U shape, and two ends of the bottom of each attaching base 4 are respectively bound with a cylindrical hollow ceramic falling stone 6 with the diameter of 5cm to 6cm, so that the attaching bases 4 are guaranteed to be integrally sunk under the water surface. The three attaching bases 4 are uniformly distributed in the net cage 3 at intervals of 12.5 cm. Each small net cage 3 is adhered with a second magic adhesive strip 12 connected with the floating ball 5 through a first magic adhesive strip 11 arranged around the mouth of the small net cage; the first magic adhesive tape 11 is made of materials capable of being repeatedly bonded, and the first magic adhesive tape 11 and the second magic adhesive tape 12 are the same in size.
5. Sunshade net covered on small net cage
After the small net cages are erected and young stichopus japonicus seeds are put in, 6-8 needles of black shading net 9 are covered on each row of small net cages, and the shading net 9 is tied and fixed on the boom rope 1, the bamboo rod 2 or the net cage bag 3 by using 60 strands of polyethylene connecting ropes 8 at 10 connecting points corresponding to the tying net cage bag 3. And 5-11 months per year, the plastic floating ball 5 with the diameter of 28-30cm is tied under the boom rope 1 by using 90 strands of ropes, the length of the connecting rope 8 between the boom rope 1 and the net cage bag 3 is controlled to keep the upper edge of the net cage bag 3 at a distance of 10-15cm from the water surface, and the sunshade net 9 is tied on a frame consisting of the boom rope 1 and the rod 2 by using 60 strands of connecting ropes 8, so that the sunshade net 9 can be kept at a distance of 10-15cm from the water surface. And changing a plastic floating ball 5 with the diameter of 28-30 centimeters every 12 months to 4 months in the next year, tying the small floating ball with the diameter of 18-20 centimeters below the boom rope 1, keeping the upper edge of the net cage bag 3 at a distance of 3-5 centimeters from the water surface by controlling the length of the connecting rope 8 between the boom rope 1 and the net cage bag 2, and tying the sunshade net 9 at the upper edge of the net cage bag 3 through 60 strands of the connecting rope 8, so that the sunshade net 9 can be kept close to the water surface.
6. Stichopus japonicus seed source
Young stichopus japonicus seeds can be separated from an indoor seedling raising workshop to reduce the culture density, collected in batches and then put into a small net cage for culture; the young stichopus japonicus seeds separated in the middle stage of large net cage cultivation in open sea or pond can also be partially or completely collected directly and put into small net cage cultivation in batches because the net cage is difficult to replace net cage bags.
7. Transport of young stichopus japonicus
The transportation time is within 2 hours, the young stichopus japonicus seeds can be contained in the foam incubator and directly transported to a small net cage area for putting; the transportation time is more than 2 hours, young sea cucumber seeds can be put into the plastic bag, proper amount of seawater is added and inflated, then the young sea cucumber seeds are put into the foam heat preservation box, the ice bag is added for cooling, and finally the young sea cucumber seeds are transported to the small net cage area for putting.
8. Method for putting young stichopus japonicus seedlings
The young stichopus japonicus seed cultured in the outdoor large net cage or the indoor seedling culturing workshop can be put into the net cage bag of the small net cage, and the specification is generally 4000-20000 heads/kg. According to the principle that the larger the specification is, the correspondingly reduced number of seeds are put in, the mass of the seeds in each net cage bag is about 0.25-0.5kg, and the total number is about 1000 plus 10000 heads. Good weather conditions are selected during seedling throwing, and young stichopus japonicus seedlings can be quickly and uniformly thrown into the net cage bag when the seedlings are transported within 2 hours; if the transported seedlings exceed 2 hours, the plastic bags filled with the seedlings are put in water of the net cage bags, the seedlings are slowed down for 20 minutes, and then the seedlings are evenly put into the net cage bags.
9. Small net cage daily management
(1) The pond water body is exchanged regularly according to tides, the pond gate is opened to automatically discharge a part of seawater in the pond in low tide, the gate is opened in high tide, the seawater can automatically flow into the pond by utilizing the tides, the water quality of the pond is detected for 1-2 times at 6-9 points in the morning or 17-19 points in the evening every day, the active activity time of the sea cucumber seedlings is observed, and the seawater is taken for testing to ensure the water quality safety.
(2) The small net cages are patrolled 1 time every day, the young ginseng seedlings in the net cage bags are randomly inspected, and the growth and development conditions of the young ginseng seedlings are mastered in time. Meanwhile, the attached organisms of the net cage bag are checked, when the attached organisms are found to be more and cause mesh blockage, the net cage cleaning brush 10 is used for appropriately cleaning the outer side of the net cage bag in time, and a water pump can be used for pumping seawater in the pond to wash the seawater, so that the smoothness of the mesh water flow is ensured. If the net blockage of the net cage bag is serious and the brushing cleaning has no obvious effect, the net cage bag can be replaced completely to ensure the smooth flow of the net mesh. After the changed dirty net cage bag is aired, the attachments blocking the meshes are removed by a mechanical rolling method, and then the net cage bag is cleaned by a high-pressure washing machine, so that the dirty net cage bag can be reused.
(3) 5-11 months per year, the black sunshade net should be kept 10-15cm away from the water surface to prevent the sunlight from directly irradiating the small net cage, and the water temperature in the small net cage can be properly reduced by 3-5 ℃. The black sunshade net is adjusted to be kept close to the water surface 12 months to 4 months in the next year, when the black sunshade net is frozen, the sunshade net can be frozen in the water below the ice surface, and the black sunshade net absorbs the sunlight radiation heating effect, so that the water temperature in the small net cage is properly raised by 1-2 ℃. The water temperature and the light irradiation in the net cage bags in different seasons can be effectively adjusted by adjusting the position of the black shading net, so that the conditions required by the growth of the stichopus japonicus young seeds are met to the maximum extent, and the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus young seeds is remarkably improved.
3U-shaped polyethylene net piece attaching bases are arranged in net cage bags of the small net cages, so that the total attaching area in a single net cage can be increased, and the breeding density of the single small net cage is improved. Meanwhile, natural algae can grow in the net cage bags and the attaching bases, natural phytoplankton and zooplankton exist in seawater, sufficient natural bait is provided for the stichopus japonicus young seedling, the bait requirement can be basically met, and artificial bait feeding is not needed. In addition, the pond and the normal water body in open sea are exchanged, the water body environment of the pond is kept well, the ecological system between the young stichopus japonicus fries in the small net cage and other organisms in water can be maintained stable, and no disease outbreak occurs. The black sunshade net on the small net cages keeps 10-15cm away from the water surface in spring, summer and autumn, the water temperature in the small net cages can be properly reduced by 3-5 ℃, and the growth and development of young stichopus japonicus seedlings in the period are facilitated. The black sunshade net on the small net cage in winter can be covered by being tightly attached to the water surface through adjustment, so that the temperature of water in the net cage is ensured to rise by 1-2 ℃ in the ice-forming period in winter, the requirement of the water temperature for safe overwintering of young sea cucumber seedlings is met, and the problem of safe water temperature for overwintering cultivation of the small net cage is solved. The method can save production cost of artificial management, bait, medicine and energy in the indoor cultivation process of young sea cucumbers. Because the method does not use fuel in winter, no waste gas and waste water are discharged completely, and the ecological environment around the culture area can be effectively protected. The small net cages are used, so that the normal growth and development of the young stichopus japonicus fries cultured outdoors can be guaranteed, and the comprehensive adaptability of the young stichopus japonicus fries to the outdoor sea area environment can be improved, so that the culture survival rate of the young stichopus japonicus fries in the later-stage bottom sowing proliferation process is improved, the yield of the final high-quality commodity stichopus japonicus is improved, and the overall comprehensive economic benefit of stichopus japonicus culture is remarkably increased.
In the daily use process of the small net cage, the small net cage is convenient to replace due to small volume, so that the small net cage can be replaced at any time according to the biological condition of the net cage bag and the specification condition of the stichopus japonicus fry. On one hand, the smooth water flow of the net cage bag is ensured, and the water quality is clean; on the other hand, a net cage bag with proper meshes and mesh apertures is selected according to the specifications of the stichopus japonicus fries. Meanwhile, the attachment base erected in the small net cage can be replaced and adjusted according to the culture density and the water temperature environment condition. The mesh aperture and the material of the net cage bag and the attachment base are scientifically selected according to the specifications of the stichopus japonicus offspring seeds.
The young stichopus japonicus grows gradually, and the attaching density of the young stichopus japonicus is adjusted timely according to the actual production condition. For example: 3X 10 5 head/kg-6X 10 5 Young Stichopus japonicus with density of 0.3 pieces/cm 2 -0.5 pieces/cm 2 ；2×10 5 head/kg-3X 10 5 Young ginseng with head/kg, density of 0.2 pieces/cm 2 -0.3 pieces/cm 2 ；1×10 5 head/kg-2X 10 5 Young ginseng with head/kg, density of 0.1 pieces/cm 2 -0.2 pieces/cm 2 ；2×10 4 head/kg-1X 10 5 Young ginseng with head/kg, density of 0.05 pieces/cm 2 -0.1 pieces/cm 2 ；1×10 4 head/kg-2X 10 4 Young ginseng with head/kg, density of 0.02 pieces/cm 2 -0.025 pieces/cm 2 ；6×10 3 head/kg-1X 10 4 Young ginseng with head/kg, density of 0.01 pieces/cm 2 -0.015 pieces/cm 2 ；2×10 3 head/kg-6X 10 3 The density of young ginseng at head/kg is kept at 0.008 pieces/cm 2 -0.01 pieces/cm 2 ；1×10 3 head/kg-2X 10 3 Head/kg young ginseng, density of 0.005 pieces/cm 2 -0.008 pieces/cm 2 ；2×10 2 head/kg-1X 10 3 Young ginseng with head/kg, density of 0.003 pieces/cm 2 -0.005 pieces/cm 2 ；2×10 2 Young sea cucumber with density below 0.001 pieces/cm 2 -0.003 pieces/cm 2 。
The young stichopus japonicus grows, the individuals gradually increase, the density is adjusted, and the net cage bags and the attaching bases with proper materials and mesh diameters are selected, and the specific reference is given in tables 1 and 2.
| Serial number | Specifications (head/kilogram) | Mesh number | Mesh diameter (mm) | Net cage bag material | Seedling density (head/cm) 2 ) |
| 01 | 3×10 5 ～6×10 5 | 280～300 | 0.0450～0.0530 | Nylon | 0.3～0.5 |
| 02 | 2×10 5 ～3×10 5 | 200～240 | 0.0630～0.0750 | Nylon | 0.2～0.3 |
| 03 | 1×10 5 ～2×10 5 | 180～200 | 0.0750～0.090 | Nylon | 0.1～0.2 |
| 04 | 2×10 4 ～1×10 5 | 100～120 | 0.125～0.150 | Nylon | 0.05～0.1 |
| 05 | 1×10 4 ～2×10 4 | 80～100 | 0.150～0.180 | Polyethylene | 0.02～0.025 |
| 06 | 6×10 3 ～1×10 4 | 60～80 | 0.180～0.250 | Polyethylene (PE) | 0.01～0.015 |
| 07 | 2×10 3 ～6×10 3 | 40～60 | 0.250～0.425 | Polyethylene | 0.008～0.01 |
| 08 | 1×10 3 ～2×10 3 | 20～40 | 0.425～0.850 | Polyethylene | 0.005～0.008 |
| 09 | 2×10 2 ～1×10 3 | 10～20 | 0.850～2.00 | Polyethylene (PE) | 0.003～0.005 |
| 10 | 2×10 2 The following | 6～8 | 2.36～3.35 | Polyethylene (PE) | 0.001～0.003 |
TABLE 1 Net cage bag aperture and Stichopus japonicus offspring seed specification density matching table
| Serial number | Specifications (head/kilogram) | Mesh number | Mesh diameter (mm) | Net cage bag material | Seedling density (head/cm) 2 ) |
| 01 | 3×10 5 ～6×10 5 | 100～120 | 0.125～0.150 | Polyethylene | 0.3～0.5 |
| 02 | 2×10 5 ～3×10 5 | 80～100 | 0.150～0.180 | Polyethylene | 0.2～0.3 |
| 03 | 1×10 5 ～2×10 5 | 60～80 | 0.180～0.250 | Polyethylene (PE) | 0.1～0.2 |
| 04 | 2×10 4 ～1×10 5 | 60～80 | 0.180～0.250 | Polyethylene | 0.05～0.1 |
| 05 | 1×10 4 ～2×10 4 | 40～60 | 0.250～0.425 | Polyethylene | 0.02～0.025 |
| 06 | 6×10 3 ～1×10 4 | 40～60 | 0.250～0.425 | Polyethylene (PE) | 0.01～0.015 |
| 07 | 2×10 3 ～6×10 3 | 40～60 | 0.250～0.425 | Polyethylene | 0.008～0.01 |
| 08 | 1×10 3 ～2×10 3 | 20～40 | 0.425～0.850 | Polyethylene | 0.005～0.008 |
| 09 | 2×10 2 ～1×10 3 | 20～40 | 0.425～0.850 | Polyethylene | 0.003～0.005 |
| 10 | 2×10 2 The following are provided | 20～40 | 0.425～0.850 | Polyethylene (PE) | 0.001～0.003 |
TABLE 2 Aperture of attached base and Stichopus japonicus offspring seed specification and density matching table
Examples
The method starts to test in the stichopus japonicus aquaculture pond in 2016 and 3 months, and 500 small net cages are arranged in the pond.
In 2016, putting the young stichopus japonicus intermediate fries cultured in an indoor seedling raising workshop and a large pond net cage into the small net cage in 5 batches at 8 months, wherein the total amount of the young stichopus japonicus intermediate fries is 250 kg, and the average specification is 10000 heads/kg.
2922 kg of young stichopus japonicus seeds are harvested by 500 small net cages in 5 months in 2017, and the average specification is 600 heads/kg. In 2017, the intermediate young stichopus japonicus seeds cultured in the indoor seedling raising workshop and the large pond net cage are put into the small net cage in 6 batches in 8 months, the total amount of the intermediate young stichopus japonicus seeds is 225 kg, and the average specification is 12000 heads/kg.
3163 kg of young stichopus japonicus seeds are harvested by 500 small net cages in 5 months in 2018, and the average specification is 700 heads/kg.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An ecological breeding method for breeding stichopus japonicus young stichopus japonicus fries in a small net cage of a pond is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, address selection preparation;
selecting a pond with water depth of 1-3.5m, sealing and seawater exchange conditions for disinfection throughout the year;
s2, arranging a small net cage;
s21, setting an upper frame of the small net cage;
two boom ropes (1) with the interval of 1-1.2m are arranged above the pond, and both ends of each boom rope (1) are fixed at the bottom of the pond; rods (2) are tied between the two boom ropes (1) at intervals of 2.05-2.1m, and floating balls (5) are tied below the joints of the rods (2) and the boom ropes (1);
s22, setting a net cage bag and a lower frame;
tying the opening of the net box bag (3) in an area surrounded by the boom rope (1) and the rod (2) through a plurality of connecting ropes (8), so that the upper edge of the net box bag (3) keeps a distance of 10-15cm from the water surface; arranging a bottom frame at the bottom of the net box bag (3) to immerse the net box bag (3) into water and vertically open the net box bag; the plurality of net cage bags (3) are sequentially arranged in a ladder shape;
s23, setting an attachment group;
binding an attachment base (4) in the net cage bag (3), binding a drop stone (6) at the bottom of the attachment base (4), and enabling the attachment base (4) to spread in a U shape and sink under the water surface;
s3, transporting and releasing the stichopus japonicus seedlings;
the stichopus japonicus seedlings are transported within 2 hours and comprise 2 hours, placed in a heat preservation box and directly transported to a small net cage area, and are uniformly thrown into the net cage bag (3);
the transportation time of the young stichopus japonicus exceeds 2 hours, the young stichopus japonicus is added with seawater and inflated, then is put into an incubator and transported to a small net cage area, finally is put into a container filled with pond water for seedling slowing for 20 minutes, and then is evenly put into the net cage bag (3);
the specifications of the young stichopus japonicus in the small net cage are as follows: the specification of the stichopus japonicus seedlings thrown into the small net cage is 4000-20000 heads/kg, the mass of the stichopus japonicus seedlings thrown into each net cage bag (3) is 0.25-0.5kg, and the total amount of the stichopus japonicus seedlings is 1000-10000 heads;
when 3 is multiplied by 10 5 ~6×10 5 When young sea cucumbers with heads/kg, the young sea cucumbers are kept at the density of 0.3-0.5 per cm by using the net cage bag (3) with 280-300 meshes and the mesh diameter of 0.0450-0.0530 mm and the attaching base (4) with 100-120 meshes and the mesh diameter of 0.125-0.150 mm 2 ；
2×10 5 ~3×10 5 When young ginseng is used for first/kg, the net cage bag (3) with 200-240 meshes and the mesh diameter of 0.0630-0.0750 mm and the attaching base (4) with 80-100 meshes and the mesh diameter of 0.150-0.180 mm are used for keeping the seedling density at 0.2-0.3/cm 2 ；
1×10 5 ~2×10 5 When young sea cucumbers are grown at a head/kg ratio, the net cage bag (3) with 180-200 meshes and the mesh diameter of 0.0750-0.090 and the attaching base (4) with 60-80 meshes and the mesh diameter of 0.180-0.250 mm are used, and the density of the young sea cucumbers is kept at 0.1-0.2 seeds/cm 2 ；
2×10 4 ~1×10 5 When young sea cucumbers with heads/kg, selecting 100-120 meshes of net cage bags (3) with the mesh diameter of 0.125-0.150 mm and adhesive bases (4) with 60-80 meshes of the net cage bags and the mesh diameter of 0.180-0.250 mm, and keeping the density of young sea cucumbers at 0.05-0.1 per cm 2 ；
1×10 4 ~2×10 4 When young sea cucumbers with heads/kg, the net cage bag (3) with 80-100 meshes and the mesh diameter of 0.150-0.180 mm and the attaching base (4) with 40-60 meshes and the mesh diameter of 0.250-0.425 mm are used, and the density of young sea cucumbers is kept at 0.02-0.025 pieces/cm 2 ；
6×10 3 ~1×10 4 When young sea cucumbers with heads/kg, the net cage bag (3) with 60-80 meshes and the mesh diameter of 0.180-0.250 mm and the attaching base (4) with 40-60 meshes and the mesh diameter of 0.250-0.425 mm are selected, and the density of young sea cucumbers is kept at 0.01-0.015 pieces/cm 2 ；
2×10 3 ~6×10 3 When young sea cucumbers with heads/kg, the net cage bag (3) with 40-60 meshes and the mesh diameter of 0.250-0.425 mm and the attaching base (4) with 40-60 meshes and the mesh diameter of 0.250-0.425 mm are used, and the seedling density is kept at 0.008-0.01 pieces/cm 2 ；
1×10 3 ~2×10 3 When young sea cucumbers with heads/kg, the net cage bag (3) with 20-40 meshes and the mesh diameter of 0.425-0.850 mm and the attaching base (4) with 20-40 meshes and the mesh diameter of 0.425-0.850 mm are used for keeping the young sea cucumbers density at 0.005-0.008 pieces/cm 2 ；
2×10 2 ~1×10 3 When young sea cucumbers with heads/kg, the net cage bag (3) with 10-20 meshes and the mesh diameter of 0.850-2.00 mm and the attaching base (4) with 20-40 meshes and the mesh diameter of 0.425-0.850 mm are used, and the seedling density is kept at 0.003-0.005 pieces/cm 2 ；
0~2×10 2 When young sea cucumbers with heads/kg, the cage bag (3) with 6-8 meshes and the mesh diameter of 2.36-3.35 mm and the attaching base (4) with 20-40 meshes and the mesh diameter of 0.425-0.850 mm are used, and the density of young sea cucumbers is kept at 0.001-0.003 pieces/cm 2 ；
S4, covering a sunshade net;
after young stichopus japonicus is thrown into the small net cage, covering a sun-shading net (9) with 6-8 needles for encryption on each row of net cage bags (3);
s5, detecting water quality;
detecting the water quality of the pond for 1-2 times every day, exchanging the water body of the pond and keeping the mesh water flow smooth;
s6, adjusting the water temperature;
and 5 to 11 months per year, reducing the water temperature in the small net cage by 3 to 5 ℃, and increasing the water temperature in the small net cage by 1 to 2 ℃ from 12 to 4 months in the next year.
2. The ecological breeding method for stichopus japonicus offspring seeds by using the small net cages of the pond according to claim 1, wherein 60-80 kg/mu of quicklime and 10-30 kg/mu of bleaching powder are used in the disinfection step in S1.
3. The ecological breeding method for the juvenile stichopus japonicus seedlings in the small net cages of the pond according to claim 1, wherein the water temperature is regulated in the S6 in a mode that: the floating ball (5) with the diameter of 28-30cm is tied and tied below the boom rope (1) every 5-11 months, and the upper edge of the net box bag (3) is kept 10-15cm away from the water surface, namely the sunshade net (9) is kept 10-15cm away from the water surface; and (3) tying the sunshade net (9) below the boom rope (1) by using a small floating ball with the diameter of 18-20cm from 12 months to 4 months in the next year, and keeping the upper edge of the net cage bag (3) 3-5cm away from the water surface, namely keeping the sunshade net (9) close to the water surface.
4. The ecological breeding method for the juvenile stichopus japonicus fries in the small net cages of the pond according to claim 1, wherein the attaching bases (4) are polyethylene mesh attaching bases.
5. The ecological cultivation method for stichopus japonicus offspring seeds in small net cages of a pond according to claim 1, wherein the ecological cultivation method is carried out when the pond is 3 x 10 5 ~6×10 5 Young Stichopus japonicus 2 × 10 5 ~3×10 5 Young ginseng of 1 × 10, head/kg 5 ~2×10 5 Young ginseng of head/kg, 2X 10 4 ~1×10 5 When the head/kg young ginseng is used, the net box bag (3) is made of a nylon net;
when 1X 10 4 ~2×10 4 Young ginseng of head/kg, 6X 10 3 ~1×10 4 Young ginseng of head/kg, 2X 10 3 ~6×10 3 Young ginseng of 1X 10, head/kg 3 ~2×10 3 Young ginseng of head/kg, 2X 10 2 ~1×10 3 Young ginseng of 0-2 × 10/kg 2 When young sea cucumbers are in head/kg, the net box bag (3) is made of a polyethylene net.
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| CN103004655A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2013-04-03 | 大连棒棰岛海参发展有限公司 | Outdoor cultivation net cage for stichopus japonicus ecological seeds |
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| CN103518658B (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-12-10 | 辽宁医学院 | Method of cultivating fry of Apostichopus japonicus by floating cages in ponds |
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