CN103426840A - 具有续流二极管的开关装置 - Google Patents

具有续流二极管的开关装置 Download PDF

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CN103426840A
CN103426840A CN2012101625133A CN201210162513A CN103426840A CN 103426840 A CN103426840 A CN 103426840A CN 2012101625133 A CN2012101625133 A CN 2012101625133A CN 201210162513 A CN201210162513 A CN 201210162513A CN 103426840 A CN103426840 A CN 103426840A
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CN103426840B (zh
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蔡颖杰
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SHANGHAI BAICHENG ELECTRONICS CO Ltd
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Priority to DE112012000369.1T priority patent/DE112012000369T5/de
Priority to PCT/CN2012/077970 priority patent/WO2013170523A1/zh
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种具有续流二极管的开关装置，该具有续流二极管的开关装置包括开关管，该开关管的漏极设置有散热基板，该开关装置还包括：散热部件，与所述开关管的散热基板接触连接；续流二极管为压接型二极管，该续流二极管的正极端面与散热部件抵接，并通过散热部件与开关管的漏极电连接，既利用散热部件实现了散热功能，而且利用散热部件的导电性与散热基板实现了电连接。

Description

具有续流二极管的开关装置
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体领域，特别地，涉及一种具有续流二极管的开关装置。
背景技术
目前，在直流调速半导体开关装置中都设置有续流二极管，用于在开关器件关闭的瞬间，为感性负载如电机等提供放电通道。图1是带有续流二极管的半导体开关装置的电路图，如图1所示，续流二极管12的负极应和电源11的正极输入连接，续流二极管12正极和开关器件13连接，也就是续流二极管12并联在感性负载14的两端，当开关器件13关断时，为感性负载14的电流提供泄放回路。由于开关器件和续流二极管12正常工作时，会持续发热，出现过热情况会影响器件的工作性能，减少器件的工作寿命，严重时甚至会出现烧毁器件的故障，因此续流二极管12的散热直接影响了电路的正常工作。
考虑到开关器件的散热性能以及容量，目前一般使用TO(Transistor Outline，晶体管外形)封装的开关管，图2是现有用于开关装置的开关管示意图，如图所示，该开关管13的漏极134连接有散热基板131，栅极133和源极135分别位于漏极134的两侧，半导体硅片132位于散热基板131的一侧，与散热基板131形成台阶形状。该开关管13利用扩大散热基板的面积进行散热。
但是使用上述开关管13仅仅考虑了开关器件的13散热性能，续流二极管12使用焊接方式与开关管13的漏极134连接，离散热装置较远，另外引脚是二极管和焊锡工艺的成本都较高，二极管作为发热源之一离散热装置较远造成散热效果差。另外采用焊锡或者碰焊工艺进行连接，工艺相对复杂，容易出现虚焊漏焊，并且进行组装和拆换的操作复杂。
针对现有技术中存在的续流二极管散热效果差的问题，目前尚未提出有效的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供一种具有续流二极管的开关装置，以解决现有技术中续流二极管散热效果差的问题。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种具有续流二极管的开关装置。
本发明提供的具有续流二极管的开关装置包括开关管，该开关管的漏极设置有散热基板，上述具有续流二极管的开关装置还包括：散热部件，与开关管的散热基板接触连接；该续流二极管为压接型二极管，续流二极管的正极端面与散热部件抵接，并通过散热部件与开关管的漏极电连接。
进一步地，本发明提供的具有续流二极管的开关装置还包括电源正极输入部件，设置在续流二极管的负极端面和电源的正极之间。
进一步地，本发明提供的具有续流二极管的开关装置还包括弹性部件，设置在电源正极输入部件和续流二极管之间，利用弹性将续流二极管压靠在电源正极输入部件与散热部件之间。
进一步地，弹性部件包括朝向该弹性部件第一侧面凸起的弹性板，该第一侧面与续流二极管的负极端面相对，该弹性板与续流二极管的负极端面抵接。
进一步地，弹性板位于弹性部件的中间位置。
进一步地，弹性部件还包括两个朝向该弹性部件第二侧面弯折的卡钩，该第二侧面与电源正极输入部件相对，电源正极输入部件上开有两个固定槽，卡钩嵌入上述固定槽，使弹性部件固定在电源正极输入部件上。
进一步地，上述卡钩位于弹性部件的两侧。
进一步地，弹性部件的一侧设置有用于夹持的凸沿。
进一步地，散热部件包括第一散热片和第二散热片上述散热基板夹在第一散热片和第二散热片中间，其中第二散热片位于开关管的半导体硅片一侧，设置在开关管的半导体硅片与散热基板之间形成的台阶上，续流二极管的正极端面与第二散热片抵接。
进一步地，第一散热片、第二散热片、以及散热基板通过螺钉固定在一起。
根据本发明的技术方案，具有续流二极管的开关装置，具有开关管，该开关管的漏极设置有散热基板，该开关装置还包括：散热部件，与所述开关管的散热基板接触连接；续流二极管为压接型二极管，该续流二极管的正极端面与散热部件抵接，并通过散热部件与开关管的漏极电连接，既利用散热部件实现了散热功能，而且利用散热部件的导电性与散热基板实现了电连接。
附图说明
说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是带有续流二极管的半导体开关装置的电路图；
图2是现有用于开关装置的开关管示意图；
图3是根据本发明实施例1的具有续流二极管的开关装置的示意图；
图4是根据本发明实施例2的具有续流二极管的开关装置的示意图；
图5是是根据本发明实施例2的具有续流二极管的开关装置的弹性部件的示意图；以及
图6是是根据本发明实施例3的具有续流二极管的开关装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
本发明实施例的具有续流二极管的开关装置所使用电路连接关系与图1的电路图一致，没有对电路连接进行改进，而且使用的也是TO封装的的开关管，如MOSFET(Metal OxideSemiconductor Field Effect Transistor、金属氧化物半导体场效应管)。该种MOSFET的漏极与散热基板电气连接。本发明实施例的续流二极管12使用的是压接式二极管，该压接式二极管的正极端面直接抵接在散热部件15上，一般散热片为金属材料，由此既利用散热部件15进行散热，又利用散热部件15的导电性与散热基板131实现了电连接。
图3是根据本发明实施例1的具有续流二极管的开关装置的示意图，如图所示，实施例1的开关装置包括：散热部件15，与开关管的散热基板131接触连接；续流二极管12的正极端面与散热部件15抵接，并通过散热部件15与开关管13的漏极电连接。通过这种连接方式，续流二极管12一个端面紧贴散热部件15，可以有效地利用散热部件15进行散热，而且利用散热部件15的导电性与散热基板131实现了电连接。
开关管的散热基板131一般开有通孔，所以可以使用螺钉固定的方式将散热基板131和散热部件15接触在一起。除了螺钉固定外，也可以适用粘接、压接、焊接等多种方式。
此处续流二极管12的正极端面与散热部件15抵接方式有多种，可以使用导热导电硅胶将续流二极管粘在散热部件15上，也可以在续流二极管12的负极端施加一定压力，将续流二极管12的正极端面压紧在散热部件15上，或者使用类似电子焊接中的贴片工艺将续流二极管12的正极端面贴装在散热部件15上，考虑到续流二极管12的电气连接关系，可以考虑使用电源的输入部件17将续流二极管12压向散热部件15。
基于上述考虑，本发明实施例2对实施例1进行了改进，图4是根据本发明实施例2的具有续流二极管的开关装置的示意图，如图4所示，本发明实施例2的具有续流二极管的开关装置还包括电源正极输入部件17，设置在续流二极管12的负极端面和电源的正极之间。该电源正极输入部件17既实现了续流二极管12的负极端面与电源的电连接关系，也可以通过设定电源正极输入部件17与散热部件15的间距，将续流二极管12夹紧在散热部件15和电源正极输入部件17之间。
通过压接的方式，可以避免使用锡焊或者碰焊的方式固定续流二极管12，避免了复杂工艺造成的不可靠、安装复杂。
但是直接使用两个刚性部件进行夹紧，存在着间距配合问题，而且随着环境的变化，产生形变有可能出现夹紧不可靠的问题，为此，实施例2还可以设置弹性部件16，该弹性部件16设置在电源正极输入部件17和续流二极管12之间，利用弹性将续流二极管12压靠在电源正极输入部件17与散热部件15之间。通过弹性和刚性相结合的方式固定二极管，提高了压接的可靠性。
图5是根据本发明实施例2的具有续流二极管的开关装置的弹性部件的示意图，如图5所示，弹性部件16包括朝向该弹性部件第一侧面凸起的弹性板161，第一侧面与续流二极管12的负极端面相对，弹性板161与续流二极管12的负极端面抵接。安装后，弹性板161产生形变，利用形变产生的弹力将续流二极管12压向散热部件15。第一侧面背面的第二侧面固定在电源正极输入部件17，该弹性部件16可以使用导电性良好的材料制作，从而实现续流二极管12的负极的电连接关系。
为保证弹力的均匀和组装加工的方便性，弹性板161优选设置于弹性部件16的中间位置。
弹性部件16与电源正极输入部件17的固定方式有多种，比如压接、焊接、粘接等，本发明实施例2优选采用了一种将弹性部件16嵌入电源正极输入部件17的固定方式。弹性部件16设置有两个朝向第二侧面弯折的卡钩162，第二侧面与电源正极输入部件17相对，电源正极输入部件17上开有两个固定槽171，卡钩162嵌入固定槽171，使弹性部件16固定在电源正极输入部件17上。其中，两个卡钩162优选设置于弹性部件16的两侧。
利用上述的固定方式将弹性部件16固定于电源正极输入部件17上，组装方式简单可靠性高，而且不需要额外的材料，节省了成本。
弹性部件16压接在续流二极管12和电源正极输入部件17之间后，如果进行拆除缺少必要凸出部进行夹持，所以弹性部件16的一侧还可以设置有用于夹持的凸沿163，安装后，该凸沿163位于续流二极管12外，可以方便的拆除和安装。另外，凸沿163限制了续流二极管12沿弹性板161的延伸位置的移动，使续流二极管12可靠地固定在弹性部件16和散热部件15之间。
实施例2中续流二极管12与开关管13使用同一散热部件15，为了实现更好的散热性能，本发明实施例3对实施例2进行了进一步改进，图6是是根据本发明实施例3的具有续流二极管的开关装置的示意图，如图6所示，散热部件15包括第一散热片151和第二散热片152，第一散热片151和第二散热片152将散热基板131夹在中间，其中第二散热片152位于开关管13的半导体硅片132一侧，设置在开关管的半导体硅片132与散热基板131之间形成的台阶上，续流二极管12的正极与第二散热部件152抵接。其余部分与实施例2的连接关系完全一致。
由于开关管的热量主要由半导体硅片132发出，而第一散热片151与半导体硅片132的接触面积更大，所以开关管的散热主要由第一散热片151实现，而第二散热片152主要用于对续流二极管12进行散热，从而进一步提高了续流二极管的散热效果。另外第一散热片151和第二散热片152形成了一个散热回路，从而具有更大的散热面积和散热体积，散热效果更好。
第一散热片151、第二散热片152、以及散热基板131的连接方式有多种，优选可以采用通过螺钉固定在一起。
以上所有实施例中的续流二极管12均可以使用纽扣式二极管。该种二极管的价格相比于带管脚的轴向封装二级管价格更为低廉。
根据本发明的技术方案，具有续流二极管的开关装置，具有开关管，该开关管的漏极设置有散热基板，该开关装置还包括：散热部件，与所述开关管的散热基板接触连接；续流二极管为压接型二极管，该续流二极管的正极端面与散热部件抵接，并通过散热部件与开关管的漏极电连接，既利用散热部件实现了散热功能，而且利用散热部件的导电性与散热基板实现了电连接。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种具有续流二极管的开关装置，所述开关装置包括开关管(13)，该开关管(13)的漏极(134)设置有散热基板(131)，其特征在于，所述开关装置还包括：
散热部件(15)，与所述开关管的散热基板(131)接触连接；
所述续流二极管为压接型二极管，所述续流二极管(12)的正极端面与所述散热部件(15)抵接，并通过所述散热部件(15)与所述开关管(13)的漏极(134)电连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的开关装置，其特征在于，还包括电源正极输入部件(17)，设置在所述续流二极管(12)的负极端面和电源的正极之间。
3.根据权利要求2所述的开关装置，其特征在于，还包括弹性部件(16)，设置在所述电源正极输入部件(17)和所述续流二极管(12)之间，利用弹性将所述续流二极管(12)压靠在所述电源正极输入部件(17)与所述散热部件(15)之间。
4.根据权利要求3所述的开关装置，其特征在于，所述弹性部件(16)包括朝向该弹性部件第一侧面凸起的弹性板(161)，所述第一侧面与所述续流二极管(12)的负极端面相对，所述弹性板(161)与所述续流二极管(12)的负极端面抵接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的开关装置，其特征在于，所述弹性板(161)位于所述弹性部件(16)的中间位置。
6.根据权利要求3所述的开关装置，其特征在于，所述弹性部件(16)包括两个朝向该弹性部件第二侧面弯折的卡钩(162)，所述第二侧面与所述电源正极输入部件(17)相对，所述电源正极输入部件(17)上开有两个固定槽(171)，所述卡钩(162)嵌入所述固定槽(171)，使所述弹性部件(16)固定在所述电源正极输入部件(17)上。
7.根据权利要求6所述的开关装置，其特征在于，所述卡钩(162)位于所述弹性部件(16)的两侧。
8.根据权利要求3至7中任一项所述的开关装置，其特征在于，所述弹性部件(16)的一侧设置有用于夹持的凸沿(163)。
9.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的开关装置，其特征在于，所述散热部件(15)包括第一散热片(151)和第二散热片(152)，所述散热基板(131)夹在所述第一散热片(151)和所述第二散热片(152)中间；其中所述第二散热片(152)位于所述开关管(13)的半导体硅片(132)一侧，设置在所述开关管的半导体硅片(132)与所述散热基板(131)之间形成的台阶上，所述续流二极管(12)的正极端面与所述第二散热片(152)抵接。
10.根据权利要求9所述的开关装置，其特征在于，所述第一散热片(151)、所述第二散热片(152)、以及所述散热基板(131)通过螺钉固定在一起。
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