CN1034238A - 土工结构 - Google Patents
土工结构 Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/18—Making embankments, e.g. dikes, dams
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
- E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements
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Abstract
土工结构装置,有由许多横向间隔开的支承构件
组成的表面。这些支承构件在上和下两端连接到一
对细长的向后伸进土中的稳定件上。网套跨越两支
承构件间的空间,支承构件由C形支承带组成。支
承带前部和下和上延伸部分为一整体,钢筋网套也是
由C形的前部及其和它为一体的下上向后突出部分
组成,用来加强钢筋网套的刚度以抵抗土压力作用下
向前的力运动。
Description
本发明涉及土工结构的改进,该结构是许多细长稳定元件,由结构表面伸向土体靠摩擦达到土体稳定的一种土工结构。
在这种结构中,土体的稳定是通过土体与稳定元件的摩擦接触实现的,这种稳定元件通常是条状的。它们的相互作用能使土体起弹性材料的作用,这大大改善抵抗土体破坏的能力。这类加固过的土工结构的表面相对较轻,至今大量建筑成采用厚度为3mm的V形槽钢,或与稳定条前端相接的较薄的混凝土板。即使这种薄板也需要较高成本,问题是需要一种成本较低的表面来稳定土工结构。
有人建议在结构表面采用埋置金属网的方法稳定土体。每一个深入土中的稳定土体的钢筋网单元形成一个相应的表层部分,它能够得到一个更坚实的表面,超过土压力的需要,再有。埋置在土中的网式稳定件会导致土体被分层,不如使用条带稳定件那样获得较均匀的土体稳定。
根据本发明提供一种土工结构,用很多细长稳定件从结构表面向后伸进土体中,表面包括至少两个横向有一定间隔的支承构件,在其下、上两端与一对稳定件相连接,两支承构件横向之间由网复盖。支承构件支承钢筋网的前部阻止在土压力作用下向前运动,并且至少有一个基本水平伸入土体的突出部分以加强钢筋网的刚度,阻止这种向前的运动。
本发明还为这种土工结构提供一种面层,它包括至少两个横向间隔开的支承构件,每个构件都有将支承构件下、上两点处连接到上述稳定件上的装置,网套复盖两支承构件间的横向空间,采用支承构件支承的网套阻止土压力作用下的向前运动,还至少有一个基本水平伸入土体的向后突出的部分加强网套的刚度抵抗土体这种向前的运动。
本发明也为土工结构提供这样一种面层,该面层包括一系列面板,按本发明组装成连续的表面。
进行这种处理,支承构件设置并被埋在土中的细长稳定件支承,成块的套可设计成能适应面层土压力的轻质结构,这种结构造价亦并不很高,并特别适用于临时结构物或不高的3-6米的结构上。
支承构件一般最好是C形的,每一构件表面都有一个前部结构,和一对上下两端向土体延伸部分被该支承构件的前部连接起来。支承构件的向土体延伸部分一般较短,并被连接在各个稳定件上,为此延伸部分上有竖直的孔,以容纳连接螺栓。如果每个支承构件都是钢条或钢带,其上又具有合适的孔,则优越性更突出,这些支承构件必须有相应于稳定件的横向空间间隔置放。此间隔一般为0.5-2米,对较高结构可小于0.5米。支承构件的长度(或说高度)一般从0.3米到1米,支承构件可以用低碳钢制成,也可以是半低碳钢或其它等效材料制成,还可以是镀锌钢料。
结构的表面可以是垂直的,也可以对竖直面呈某角度,即坡度为4∶1,2∶1或1∶1。(竖向距离与水平距离之比)。稳定件一般在土中基本水平地延伸,因此即使结构表面不是竖直时,支承构件的伸入土体部分也会是基本水平的。
网套最好也是C形的,这样的下和上端都有向后伸向土体的较短的突出部分与基本水平的前部分相互连成整体。两伸向土体的向后突出部分进一步加强网套阻止土体向前的运动。
一般网套最好包括一个网表面和上下两端弯曲后伸入土体的两块加强刚度的突出部分,这样网套的形状顺应支承网的那些支承构件,网套的长度一般足够复盖,两三跨或更多跨的支承构件,并一般至少2米,但不长于10米以便运输。
网套一般由网片,或者由相互垂直的钢筋组成,例如钢丝网类型通常用来加固混凝土,横向延伸的网状钢筋,实际上一般是水平的,可以以5-30厘米间距置放,最好间隔10-20厘米。钢筋的直径一般是5-15毫米,最好是6-10毫米。面层上网套竖向钢筋间距可以比横向钢筋间距略小一些,例如间距可以是5-30厘米。最好间隔是5-15厘米,即10厘米。其直径一般也比横向钢筋略小,范围是从4毫米至12毫米,最好是从5毫米至8毫米。所用钢可以是低碳钢或者半低碳钢,或类似材料,也可以是镀锌钢。
尽管并非绝对如此,但是可这样处理网套,即网套的横向钢筋是在其外表面。而其纵向和弯入土中的钢筋是在其内表面。这样在最好是C形的网套上,横向钢筋或上部加强刚度的突出部分的钢筋,置于埋于土中突出钢筋之上,而横向钢筋或下部加强刚度突出部分的钢筋,则置于埋入土中突出钢筋之下。在把网套固定在支承构件上时,这样处理特别有利,因为网套可以使支承构件后或内的网前部的横向钢筋连接在一起,也可以和在支承构件的伸入土中的加强刚度的突出部分的横向钢筋连接在一起。按这种方法把支承构件连接在网套上,支承构件的后延伸部分会置于两相邻向后突出网套钢筋之间的横向空间处,换句话说,是在同一平面内。
多孔板,如细网,地织物,最好是地网,可以放在网套后以防止细土粒从表面逸出。这类板最好能使表面渗水。如果使用碎石作为回填物,那么这类板可不必做。
结构表面一般由上下多排组成,每排都包括穿过结构表面横向空间的支承构件,两支承构件之间由一片或几片网套覆盖,相邻两排的支承构件间最好相互连接起来,在最佳实施例中,这种支承构件的入土部分被一些竖向间隙分开,该间隙用以放置稳定元件端头,用竖直螺栓将它和支承构件的两个弯入土中的端头连接起来,如果加强相邻两排加强刚度的网套的横向钢筋如上所述是外置的,那么这些钢筋,能保证支承构件入土部分间有这一竖直间隙。
通常这种面层具有足够的柔性,以适应施工中或施工及土的固结沿降。支承构件的最佳C形外形允许其有弯曲,在一个特殊的优选实施例中,每个支承构件的前部可只有带角度的弯曲,最好在其顶部与底部的中线上,这样,当在支承构件顶与底部之间有竖向移动时,会使网套产生较均匀的向前弯曲,这种处理能保证弯曲发生在结构剖面的同一水平线上,以避免支承构件不平的突起和或移动使表面很难看。
细长的稳定件可以是用在稳定土体的任何类似件,在最佳实施例中,稳定件可以是如英国专利1563317描述的钢条。
下面参见附图和实施例详述本发明,其中:
图1是本发明结构的透视图;
图2是结构的剖面图;
图3是结构相邻两排的连接图;
图4是本发明第二实例的剖面图;
图5至图8是类似图4的分期施工实施例的剖视图;
参见图1,结构1有一个由许多横向间隔开的支承构件3构成的表面2,每个支承构件3都在顶与底端与向后延伸插入土体5中的一对细长镀锌钢稳定件4相连接,网套6罩在支承构件的区域。
每支承构件3都包括带有前部7和下与上向后延伸的整体的钢条部分8与9,这些钢条一般由断面为40×5mm的钢板弯成如图所示的C状。每一钢带都有带角度的10,在钢条前部中点处,使钢条轻微向前弯曲。带角度的弯曲部能提供一种铰接以适应条片顶部和底部相对竖向运动,该运动可能是由稳定的回填土的沉降引起的。而如果需要也可以除去弯曲部10。
网6在置于钢条3后面,而在这个实例中网套6求有足够的长度,跨越4条钢条。该网套有一个前部15。是由竖向钢筋14和横向钢筋18组成的。竖向钢筋被弯曲形成整体的下和上而及伸入土中部分16和17。网套在其每边与相同的另一网套连接。两网套间的连接11与相邻的支承钢条错开一定间隔。连接11的每边上两支承条间的横向间隔可以被缩小以补偿由于该连接引起的刚度的损失。土滤织物12安置在网套6之后以防止细小土粒从表面逸出。
图2表示叠置的由支承带13a,13b,13c组成的,三排支承带,后者置于前者顶部。
图3表示相邻两排13a,13b支承带3的连接14。网套的横向延伸的钢筋18置于钢筋14的外侧,网套被弯曲横向钢筋18a位于竖向钢筋14的折弯点之外,参见下排13a,网套6用螺栓与和它相邻的支承带3相连接使横向钢筋18a置于支承带内,而向后突霾糠?7内的横向钢条18b置放在支承带之外,这样支承条的上部的向后伸展部分9与网套的上部的向后突出的17处于同一水平面。横向钢筋18b保证了相邻两排支承带13a和13b之间有一个竖向的间隙,而稳定件4置于此间隙中并用螺栓与两支承带固定位。稳定件是钢带有一局部加厚部分19供螺栓20穿过。
较上排13b上的网套6和支承带3之间的连接与13a排的连接是一样的。除非上排13b中下端向后伸出段16上的横向钢筋18C稍微向后移动以将下排的上端向后伸出段17上的钢筋18b套起来。否则上下两排间另有一水平钢筋21使接近表面前端处有一间隙并利于施工。
图4表示另一种结构,结构表面不是竖直的,而是有1∶1的坡度。
图5-8表示施工顺序。当地基准备就序,木桩或木棒30已钉入土中用以定线并支承支承带3的第一层31,然后把网套6装到位。第一层稳定件32如图5所示用螺栓固定在支承带下端向后延伸段8上。
参见图6,在第一层稳定件32上回填土并压实之直至堆压到第二层稳定件33的高度。这些稳定件以5%的坡度斜置并用手轻轻拧住螺栓固定在第一层支承带31的上端向后延伸部分9,如有必要稳定件用来调整支承带的线向,然后在其后部回填足够的土以保持平齐表面(见图6)。那么,稳定件的第2层33可以从支承带上取下以安装第二层支承带34,然后再将第1和第2层支承带的向后伸展部分用螺栓与稳定件33重新连接起来。
表面如图7所示回填形成,即恰好填至第1层支承带31。在前端可以用手工夯实回填土以保证密实,
回填土一直填至图8所示后一层稳定件的水平,各件的安装程序如前所述。对后一层支承带和相应的钢筋网直至结构完成,这一施工顺序是多次重复的。
Claims (7)
1、一种土工结构,有许多细长的稳定件从结构表面向后延伸进土中,该表面包括至少两横向间隔开的支承构件,每个这种支承构件在其上下两端与一对称之为稳定件的相连接,该结构还有一个其前部支承于支承构件上以抵抗土体在压力作用下的向外移动钢筋网,并至少有一个基本水平向后突出部分加强网套刚度抵抗土层的上述移动。
2、根据权利要求1所述的表面板,包括至少两个有横向间隔的支承构件,每件都有用来在下和上两端点处连接在稳定件上的装置。网套跨越在两支承构件间的横向空间处,网套被支承构件支承的前部用来阻止由于土压力引起向前的运动。并至少有一个基本水平向后的突出部分用来加强网套刚度以抵抗这种向前的运动。
3、根据权利要求2所述的表面板,其中支承构件一般是C形的,每一构件都有置于结构表面上的前端部分和一对下和上向后延伸部分与前一部分相互连接,用于稳定件的连接装置设置在上述下端和上端向后延伸部分,其中网套一般也是C形的,并有较短的下端与上端向后突出部分相互连接,与基本扁平的前端部连成整体。
4、根据权利要求3所述的表面板,其中网套在其外侧有横向延伸钢筋,在其内表面有向上和向下延伸的钢筋,其中网套设计或其前端部有横向钢筋,这些钢筋相对支承构件来说在后面或是向内的,并且横向钢筋或其加强刚度的突出部分的钢筋相对支承构件后伸部分较短。
5、根据权利要求3或4所述的表面板,其中每支承构件的前部分带有有角度的弯曲。
6、根据权利要求2-5中任一项所述的土工结构的表面,该表面包括一组表面板,并装配在一起提供一个连续的表面。
7、根据权利要求3、4或5所述的用于土工结构的表面,该表面包括多排表面板相互置叠,每排都包括有横向间隔的支承构件,跨越两支承构件间有一个或多个网套,相邻两竖向构件向后延伸部分被一竖向间隙分离开,以容纳并连接稳定件的前端。
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GB8727420 | 1987-11-23 | ||
GB878727420A GB8727420D0 (en) | 1987-11-23 | 1987-11-23 | Earth structures |
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CN1034238A true CN1034238A (zh) | 1989-07-26 |
CN1017534B CN1017534B (zh) | 1992-07-22 |
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CN88108052A Expired CN1017534B (zh) | 1987-11-23 | 1988-11-23 | 土工结构 |
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EP (1) | EP0318243B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH0612001B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR950011723B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1017534B (zh) |
AR (1) | AR243001A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE90755T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU625451B2 (zh) |
BE (1) | BE1004318A5 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR8806117A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1331286C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3881838T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2011713A6 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2623535B1 (zh) |
GB (2) | GB8727420D0 (zh) |
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IT (1) | IT1224580B (zh) |
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-
1987
- 1987-11-23 GB GB878727420A patent/GB8727420D0/en active Pending
-
1988
- 1988-11-16 TR TR88/0837A patent/TR26168A/xx unknown
- 1988-11-21 AR AR88312518A patent/AR243001A1/es active
- 1988-11-21 MX MX013877A patent/MX174233B/es unknown
- 1988-11-21 NZ NZ227016A patent/NZ227016A/xx unknown
- 1988-11-21 FR FR8815095A patent/FR2623535B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-11-22 AU AU25798/88A patent/AU625451B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-11-22 JP JP63293758A patent/JPH0612001B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-22 BR BR888806117A patent/BR8806117A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-11-22 CA CA000583698A patent/CA1331286C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-11-22 AT AT88311033T patent/ATE90755T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-11-22 ES ES8803562A patent/ES2011713A6/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-22 PT PT89045A patent/PT89045B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-11-22 DE DE88311033T patent/DE3881838T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-11-22 MY MYPI88001331A patent/MY103486A/en unknown
- 1988-11-22 GB GB8827270A patent/GB2212532B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-22 IT IT8848578A patent/IT1224580B/it active
- 1988-11-22 EP EP88311033A patent/EP0318243B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-23 BE BE8801321A patent/BE1004318A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-11-23 ZA ZA888769A patent/ZA888769B/xx unknown
- 1988-11-23 KR KR1019880015411A patent/KR950011723B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-11-23 CN CN88108052A patent/CN1017534B/zh not_active Expired
-
1991
- 1991-02-07 US US07/652,394 patent/US5156496A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-02-19 SG SG165/92A patent/SG16592G/en unknown
- 1992-09-10 HK HK684/92A patent/HK68492A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100343453C (zh) * | 2002-07-10 | 2007-10-17 | 株式会社吉奥補强土工程 | 补强土构造体 |
CN103741699A (zh) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-04-23 | 苏州欢颜电气有限公司 | 一种防泥土滑坡支架 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB8727420D0 (en) | 1987-12-23 |
CA1331286C (en) | 1994-08-09 |
FR2623535B1 (fr) | 1996-12-20 |
GB2212532A (en) | 1989-07-26 |
AU625451B2 (en) | 1992-07-09 |
KR890008406A (ko) | 1989-07-10 |
ZA888769B (en) | 1989-11-29 |
JPH02140327A (ja) | 1990-05-30 |
NZ227016A (en) | 1991-10-25 |
MX174233B (es) | 1994-04-29 |
CN1017534B (zh) | 1992-07-22 |
GB2212532B (en) | 1991-09-11 |
PT89045B (pt) | 1994-04-29 |
IT8848578A0 (it) | 1988-11-22 |
DE3881838D1 (de) | 1993-07-22 |
IT1224580B (it) | 1990-10-04 |
ATE90755T1 (de) | 1993-07-15 |
HK68492A (en) | 1992-09-18 |
AU2579888A (en) | 1989-05-25 |
ES2011713A6 (es) | 1990-02-01 |
AR243001A1 (es) | 1993-06-30 |
JPH0612001B2 (ja) | 1994-02-16 |
PT89045A (pt) | 1989-09-14 |
DE3881838T2 (de) | 1993-10-21 |
EP0318243B1 (en) | 1993-06-16 |
GB8827270D0 (en) | 1988-12-29 |
KR950011723B1 (ko) | 1995-10-09 |
FR2623535A1 (fr) | 1989-05-26 |
US5156496A (en) | 1992-10-20 |
MY103486A (en) | 1993-06-30 |
EP0318243A1 (en) | 1989-05-31 |
SG16592G (en) | 1992-06-12 |
TR26168A (tr) | 1994-01-17 |
BE1004318A5 (fr) | 1992-11-03 |
BR8806117A (pt) | 1989-08-15 |
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