CN103384515B - 适用于脂质体递送编码蛋白质的rna的脂质 - Google Patents
适用于脂质体递送编码蛋白质的rna的脂质 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
RNA包埋在脂质体中用于体外递送。所述RNA编码感兴趣的多肽,例如用于免疫目的的免疫原。所述脂质体包括至少一种选自式(I)和式(XI)化合物组成组的化合物。
Description
本申请要求2010年8月31日提交的美国临时申请61/378,833的权益,其全部内容通过引用纳入本文以用于所有目的。
技术领域
本发明涉及对动物的非病毒性递送RNA的领域。
技术背景
递送体内表达所编码蛋白的核酸对基因治疗和免疫都有帮助。已经测试各种成功递送的方法,包括对DNA或RNA,病毒性或非病毒性递送载剂(或甚至无递送载剂,在“裸”疫苗中),复制或非复制载体,或病毒性或非病毒性载体的应用。
仍然需要进一步和改进的方法来向动物递送体内表达其所编码蛋白的核酸。
发明内容
根据本发明,将RNA包埋于脂质体中递送。所述RNA编码感兴趣的多肽。所述脂质体包括至少一种选自式(I)和式(XI)化合物组成组的化合物。这些脂质体可以有效地递送体内表达的RNA。本发明对免疫特别有用,其中所编码的多肽是免疫原。
因此本发明提供一种包埋编码感兴趣多肽的RNA的脂质体,其中所述脂质体包含至少一种选自式(I)和式(XI)化合物组成组组的化合物。
式(I)是:
其中:
R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成任选取代的C3-20-杂环烷基、C3-20-杂环烯基、C3-20-杂环炔基或C5-20-杂芳基基团;
a不存在或是任选取代的C1-4亚烷基;
b不存在或是任选取代的C1-4亚烷基;
c不存在或是任选取代的C1-4亚烷基;
X1是O或S;
X2是O或S;
Y1是任选取代的C10-30烯基、C10-30炔基、C10-30杂烯基或C10-30杂炔基;
L不存在或是–(La)d–(Lb)e–(Lc)f–,其中
La是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基、C1-15亚烯基、C1-15亚炔基、C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基、或C1-15杂亚炔基;
Lb是任选取代的C6-14亚芳基或C5-13杂亚芳基;
Lc是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基、C1-15亚烯基、C1-15亚炔基、C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基或C1-15杂亚炔基;
d是0或1;
e是0或1;和
f是0或1;和
Y2是任选取代的类固醇。
式(XI)是:
Ra-(AA)z-Rb
其中,
Ra是N末端烷基酰胺;
z是2至10的整数;
每个AA是氨基酸,前提是存在至少一个组氨酸和至少一个阳离子氨基酸;
Rb是-H或-NH2。
本发明还提供制备含有RNA的脂质体的方法,包括将RNA与选自式(I)和式(XI)化合物组成组的化合物混合的步骤,于所述化合物形成包埋所述RNA的脂质体的条件下进行。将所述RNA和所述化合物可在其它化合物存在下混合,所述其它化合物也进入脂质体中,变为如其它脂质。
脂质体
本发明利用包埋编码多肽的RNA的脂质体。因此所述RNA(如同在天然病毒中)与任何外部介质分离。发现包埋在脂质体中可保护RNA不被RNA酶消化。所述脂质体可包括一些外部的RNA(如在它们的表面上),但至少一半的所述RNA(理想上为全部)被包埋在所述脂质体的核心中。包埋于脂质体中区别于,例如,参考文献1公开的脂质/RNA复合物,其中RNA与预先形成的脂质体混合。
各种两亲性脂质在水环境中能形成双分子层以包埋含RNA的水核心形成脂质体。这些脂质可具有阴离子、阳离子或两性离子亲水头部基团。由阴离子磷脂形成脂质体可追溯到上世纪六十年代,而阳离子脂质体形成的脂质从上世纪九十年代已开始研究。一些磷脂为阴离子型而其他一些为两性离子型还有其它为阳离子型。合适类型的磷脂包括但不限于:磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰甘油和表1所列的一些有用的磷脂。先有技术中有用的阳离子脂质包括但不限于:二油酰-三甲基铵丙烷(DOTAP)、1,2-二硬脂基氧基-N,N-二甲基-3-氨基丙烷(DSDMA)、1,2-二油烯基氧基-N,N二甲基-3-氨基丙烷(DODMA)、1,2-二亚油基氧基-N,N-二甲基-3-氨基丙烷(DLinDMA)、1,2-二亚麻基氧基-N,N-二甲基-3-氨基丙烷(DLenDMA)。两性脂质包括但不限于酰基两性脂质和醚基两性脂质。有用的两性脂质示例为DPPC、DOPC、DSPC、十二烷基磷酸胆碱、1,2-二油酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸酰乙醇胺(DOPE)、和1,2-二植烷酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸酰乙醇胺(DPyPE)。本发明的脂质体中的所述脂质可以是饱和的或不饱和的。优选使用至少一种不饱和脂质来制备脂质体。如果不饱和脂质有两个尾部,这两个尾部可以都是不饱和的,或不饱和脂质可以有一个饱和尾部和一个不饱和尾部。脂质的一个尾部中可包含类固醇基团,例如:如同在RV05中。
本发明的脂质体可以由单一脂质或更通常由脂质混合物形成。混合物可包括(i)阳离子脂质的混合物(ii)阴离子脂质和阳离子脂质的混合物(iii)两性脂质和阳离子脂质的混合物或(vii)阴离子脂质、阳离子脂质和两性脂质的混合物。相似地,混合物可包括饱和以及不饱和脂质。使用脂质混合物时,并非混合物中的所有组成脂质都需要为两亲性,例如可以将一种或多种两亲性脂质与胆固醇混合。
本发明的脂质体包括至少一种式(I)的化合物和/或至少一种式(XI)的化合物。本发明的优选脂质体包含式(I)的离子脂质。如实施例所示,这种脂质体特别有助于表达蛋白的RNA的体内递送。本发明的其它优选脂质体包含式(XI)的脂肽。脂质体可以包含式(I)的脂质体和式(XI)的脂肽,但通常只包含这两类阳离子化合物中的一种。
当本发明的脂质体由脂质混合物形成时,优选地,那些含有式(I)或(XI)的脂质比例应该在脂质总量的20-80%之间,如30-70%之间或40-60%之间。例如,有用的脂质体示于下文,其中40%或60%的总脂质是式(I)的脂质。其余部分可以由如胆固醇(如35-50%胆固醇)和/或DMG(可选PEG化的)和/或DSPC构成。这种混合物在下文使用。这些百分比值为摩尔百分比。
脂质体可包含亲水部分PEG化的(即通过聚乙二醇共价结合修饰的)两亲性脂质。这些修饰可增加稳定性并防止所述脂质体的非特异性吸收。例如,可使用如参考文献2和3公开的技术将脂质与PEG结合。有用的PEG化脂质包含PEG-DMG和参考文献8的式(XI)的脂质。PEG为所述脂质体提供包衣,该包衣可赋予有利的药代动力学特性。可使用各种长度如0.5-8kDa之间的PEG。
用于形成本发明脂质体的有用的脂质混合物包括:式(I)的阳离子脂质;胆固醇;和PEG化的脂质,例如PEG-DMG,即PEG结合的1,2-肉豆蔻酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺-N-[甲氧基(聚乙二醇)]。这种混合物也可包含中性的两亲性脂质,例如DSPC(1,2-二硬脂酰-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰胆碱)或DPyPE。这些(和其它)混合物在下面实施例中使用。
脂质体通常分为3组:多层囊泡(MLV);小单层囊泡(SUV);和大单层囊泡(LUV)。MLV的各囊泡中具有多种双分子层,形成几个分开的水隔间。SUV和LUV具有包埋水核心的单一双分子层;SUV通常直径≤50nm,LUV直径>50nm。本发明的脂质体理想地是直径在60-180nm范围内并优选80-160nm范围内的LUV。
本发明的脂质体可以是组合物的一部分,该组合物包括多种脂质体并且该多种脂质体中的脂质体直径在一定范围内。对于包括不同直径的脂质体群体的组合物:(i)至少80%数量的脂质体的直径应该在60-180nm范围内,且优选在80-160nm范围内,和/或(ii)群体的平均直径(依据强度,例如Z-平均值)理想地在60-180nm范围内,且优选在80-160nm范围内。多种脂质体的直径的分散性指数理想地应为<0.2。参考文献1中的脂质体/RNA复合物预期直径在600-800nm范围内并且具有高分散性。群体中的直径可以利用动态光散射测定。
制备合适脂质体的技术为本领域所熟知,如参见参考文献4至6。参考文献7中描述了一种有用的方法,该方法涉及混合(i)脂质的乙醇溶液(ii)核酸的水溶液和(iii)缓冲液,然后混合、平衡、稀释并纯化。本发明的优选脂质体可通过该混合过程获得。
为获得具有所需直径的脂质体,可使用以下过程进行混合:将两个RNA水溶液的原料流与一个乙醇脂质溶液流在单一的混合区中合并,其中所有的流量相同,例如在如下文所述的微流体通道中。
式(I)
式(I)的阳离子脂质如下:
其中:
R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成任选取代的C3-20-杂环烷基、C3-20-杂环烯基、C3-20-杂环炔基或C5-20-杂芳基基团;
a不存在或是任选取代的C1-4亚烷基;
b不存在或是任选取代的C1-4亚烷基;
c不存在或是任选取代的C1-4亚烷基;
X1是O或S;
X2是O或S;
Y1是任选取代的C10-30烯基、C10-30炔基、C10-30杂烯基或C10-30杂炔基;
L不存在或是–(La)d–(Lb)e–(Lc)f–,其中
La是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基、C1-15亚烯基、C1-15亚炔基、C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基、或C1-15杂亚炔基;
Lb是任选取代的C6-14亚芳基或C5-13杂亚芳基;
Lc是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基、C1-15亚烯基、C1-15亚炔基、C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基或C1-15杂亚炔基;
d是0或1;
e是0或1;和
f是0或1;和
Y2是任选取代的类固醇。
因此R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成具有叔胺的环状“头部基团”。参考文献8中有这些化合物更详细的描述,其全部内容通过引用纳入本文。
在一些实施方式中,式(I)的化合物含有式(II):
其中:
R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成任选取代的C3-20-杂环烷基、C3-20-杂环烯基、C3-20-杂环炔基或C5-20-杂芳基基团;
a不存在或是任选取代的C1-4亚烷基;
b不存在或是任选取代的C1-4亚烷基;
c不存在或是任选取代的C1-4亚烷基;
X1是O或S;
X2是O或S;
Y1是任选取代的C10-30烯基、C10-30炔基、C10-30杂烯基或C10-30杂炔基;
L是–(La)d–(Lb)e–(Lc)f–,其中
La是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基、C1-15亚烯基、C1-15亚炔基、C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基、或C1-15杂亚炔基;
Lb是任选取代的C6-14亚芳基或C5-13杂亚芳基;
Lc是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基、C1-15亚烯基、C1-15亚炔基、C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基或C1-15杂亚炔基;
d是0或1;
e是0或1;和
f是0或1;
前提是L包含一个或多个杂原子,并且
Y2是任选取代的类固醇。
在一些实施方式中,式(I)的化合物含有式(III):
其中:
R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成任选取代的C3-20-杂环烷基、C3-20-杂环烯基、C3-20-杂环炔基或C5-20-杂芳基基团;
a是亚甲基;
b是亚甲基;
c不存在;
X1是O或S;
X2是O或S;
Y1是任选取代的C10-30烯基、C10-30炔基、C10-30杂烯基或C10-30杂炔基;
L是–(La)d–(Lb)e–(Lc)f–,其中
La是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基、C1-15亚烯基、C1-15亚炔基、C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基、或C1-15杂亚炔基;
Lb是任选取代的C6-14亚芳基或C5-13杂亚芳基;
Lc是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基、C1-15亚烯基、C1-15亚炔基、C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基或C1-15杂亚炔基;
d是0或1;
e是0或1;和
f是0或1;和
Y2是任选取代的类固醇。
在一些实施方式中,式(I)的化合物含有式(IV):
其中:
R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成任选取代的C3-20-杂环烷基、C3-20-杂环烯基、C3-20-杂环炔基或C5-20-杂芳基基团;
a是亚甲基;
b是亚甲基;
c不存在;
X1是O或S;
X2是O或S;
Y1是任选取代的C10-30烯基、C10-30炔基、C10-30杂烯基或C10-30杂炔基;
L是–(La)d–(Lb)e–(Lc)f–,其中
La是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基、C1-15亚烯基、C1-15亚炔基、C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基、或C1-15杂亚炔基;
Lb是任选取代的C6-14亚芳基或C5-13杂亚芳基;
Lc是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基、C1-15亚烯基、C1-15亚炔基、C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基或C1-15杂亚炔基;
d是0或1;
e是0或1;和
f是0或1;
前提是L包含一个或多个杂原子,并且
Y2是任选取代的类固醇。
在一些实施方式中,式(I)的化合物含有式(V):
其中:
R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成任选取代的C3-20-杂环烷基、C3-20-杂环烯基、C3-20-杂环炔基或C5-20-杂芳基基团;
a是亚甲基;
b是亚甲基;
c不存在;
X1是O;
X2是O;
Y1是任选取代的C10-30烯基、C10-30炔基、C10-30杂烯基或C10-30杂炔基;
L是–(La)d–(Lb)e–(Lc)f–,其中
La是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基、C1-15亚烯基、C1-15亚炔基、C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基或C1-15杂亚炔基;
Lb是任选取代的C6-14亚芳基或C5-13杂亚芳基;
Lc是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基、C1-15亚烯基、C1-15亚炔基、C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基或C1-15杂亚炔基;
d是0或1;
e是0或1;和
f是0或1;
前提是L包含一个或多个杂原子,并且
Y2是任选取代的类固醇。
在一些实施方式中,式(I)的化合物含有式(VI):
其中:
R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成任选取代的C3-20-杂环烷基、C3-20-杂环烯基、C3-20-杂环炔基或C5-20-杂芳基基团;
a是亚甲基;
b是亚甲基;
c不存在;
X1是O;
X2是O;
Y1是任选取代的C10-30烯基、C10-30炔基、C10-30杂烯基或C10-30杂炔基;
L是–Lc–,其中Lc是任选取代的C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基或C1-15杂亚炔基;且
Y2是任选取代的类固醇。
在一些实施方式中,式(I)的化合物含有式(VII):
其中:
R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成任选取代的C3-20-杂环烷基、C3-20-杂环烯基、C3-20-杂环炔基或C5-20-杂芳基基团;
a是亚甲基;
b是亚甲基;
c不存在;
X1是O;
X2是O;
Y1是任选取代的C16-22烯基基团,
L是–Lc–,其中Lc是任选取代的C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基或C1-15杂亚炔基;且
Y2是任选取代的类固醇。
在一些实施方式中,式(I)的化合物含有式(VIII):
其中:
R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成任选取代的C3-20-杂环烷基、C3-20-杂环烯基、C3-20-杂环炔基或C5-20-杂芳基基团;
a是亚甲基;
b是亚甲基;
c不存在;
X1是O;
X2是O;
Y1是任选取代的C16-22烯基基团,
L是–Lc–,其中Lc是任选取代的C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基或C1-15杂亚炔基;且
Y2是通过A类固醇环的3位上的羟基连接的胆固醇,所述羟基的氢原子不存在。
在一些实施方式中,式(I)的化合物含有式(IX):
其中:
R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成任选取代的C3-20-杂环烷基、C3-20-杂环烯基、C3-20-杂环炔基或C5-20-杂芳基基团;
a是亚甲基;
b是亚甲基;
c不存在;
X1是O或S;
X2是O或S;
Y1是任选取代的C10-30烯基、C10-30炔基、C10-30杂烯基或C10-30杂炔基;
L是–(La)d–(Lb)e–(Lc)f–,其中
La是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基、C1-15亚烯基、C1-15亚炔基、C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基或C1-15杂亚炔基;
Lb是任选取代的C6-14亚芳基或C5-13杂亚芳基;
Lc是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基、C1-15亚烯基、C1-15亚炔基、C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基或C1-15杂亚炔基;
d是0或1;
e是0或1;和
f是0或1;
前提是L包含一个或多个杂原子,
Y2是任选取代的类固醇;且
该化合物的pKa值为约5.9至约7。
在一些实施方式中,式(I)的化合物含有式(X):
其中:
R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成任选取代的C3-20-杂环烷基、C3-20-杂环烯基、C3-20-杂环炔基或C5-20-杂芳基基团;
a是亚甲基;
b是亚甲基;
c不存在;
X1是O或S;
X2是O或S;
Y1是任选取代的C10-30烯基、C10-30炔基、C10-30杂烯基或C10-30杂炔基;
L是–(La)d–(Lb)e–(Lc)f–,其中
La是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基、C1-15亚烯基、C1-15亚炔基、C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基或C1-15杂亚炔基;
Lb是任选取代的C6-14亚芳基或C5-13杂亚芳基;
Lc是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基、C1-15亚烯基、C1-15亚炔基、C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基或C1-15杂亚炔基;
d是0或1;
e是0或1;和
f是0或1;
前提是L包含一个或多个杂原子,
Y2是任选取代的类固醇;且
该化合物的pKa值为约4.5至约6.2。
a、b和c
在一个实施方式中,a是任选取代的C1-2亚烷基。在另一个实施方式中,a是任选取代的C1亚烷基。
在一个实施方式中,b是任选取代的C0-2亚烷基。在另一个实施方式中,b是任选取代的C1亚烷基。
在一个实施方式中,c不存在或是任选取代的C1亚烷基。在另一个实施方式中,c不存在。
在一个实施方式中,如果a、b、和c存在,是未取代的。
头部基团
在一个实施方式中,R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成任选取代的C3-20-杂环烷基、C3-20-杂环烯基、C3-20-杂环炔基基团、C5-杂芳基或C6-杂芳基基团。在一个实施方式中,R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成任选取代的C3-20-杂环烷基、C3-20-杂环烯基或C3-20-杂环炔基基团。在另一实施方式中,R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成任选取代的C3-20-杂环烷基基团。
在一个实施方式中,R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成任选取代的C5-16基团。在另一实施方式中,R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成任选取代的C5-12基团。在另一实施方式中,R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成任选取代的C5基团、C6基团或C7基团。在另一实施方式中,R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成任选取代的C5基团或C6基团。
在一个本发明优选的实施方式中,R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成包含至少一个氧原子的物质。
在一个实施方式中,R1和R2与其相连的氮原子选自表1中提供的H1至H48。表1-名为H1至H48的部分
X1和X2
在一个实施方式中,X1是O。在另一个实施方式中,X2是O。在另一个实施方式中,X1和X2都是O。
连接部位
在一个优选的实施方式中,L包含至少一个杂原子。这意味着提供X2和Y2之间直接连接的链具有至少一个杂原子,或换言之,L上的取代基中的任何杂原子对这些目的不重要。在另一个优选的实施方式中,L包含至少一个O原子。
在一个实施方式中,L包含至少两个杂原子。在另一个优选的实施方式中,L包含至少两个O原子。
在一个实施方式中,Lc是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基或C1-15杂亚烷基。在一个实施方式中,Lc是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基或C1-15杂亚烷基且d和e都为0。
在一个实施方式中,Lc选自式Lc-i至式Lc-xxiii中的一个。在一个实施方式中,Lc选自式Lc-i至式Lc-xxiii中的一个且d和e都为0。
Lc-xxiii-(CH2)2NHC(=O)CH(侧链-1)NHC(=O)-,其中侧链-1代表基团
虚线代表与分子其余部分的连接。
因为优选其中的L包含至少一个杂原子的基团,Lc优选选自Lc-i、Lc-v至Lc-vii和Lc-ix至Lc-xxiii。
在一个实施方式中,Lc是任选取代的C1-15杂亚烷基。
在一个实施方式中,Lc是任选取代的C1-11基团。在另一个实施方式中,Lc是任选取代的C1-9基团。在另一个实施方式中,Lc是任选取代的C3-8基团。在另一个实施方式中,其中Lc是任选取代的C4-7基团。在另一个实施方式中,Lc是任选取代的C5、C6或C7基团。
在一个优选实施方式中,d是0;e是0,并且f是1。在一个优选的实施方式中,d是0;e是0,并且f是1且Lc是在上述链长之间的杂亚烷基。
Y1
在一个实施方式中,Y1是C12-28基团。在另一个实施方式中,Y1是C14-26基团。在另一个实施方式中,Y1是C16-24基团。在另一个实施方式中,Y1是C16-22基团。在另一个实施方式中,Y1链为18、19、20或21个原子长度。
在上述的碳链范围中,Y1优选烯基或杂烯基。
在一个实施方式中,Y1具有至少一个烯烃基团。在另一个实施方式中,Y1具有1、2或3个烯烃基团。
在一个实施方式中,Y1在ω-3位具有烯烃基团。在另一个实施方式中,Y1在ω-6位具有烯烃基团。在另一个实施方式中,Y1在ω-9位具有烯烃基团。在另一实施方式中,Y1在ω-3、ω-6和ω-9中的两个或三个位置上具有烯烃基团。在一个实施方式中,Y1在ω-6和ω-9位上是不饱和的。在另一个实施方式中,Y1在ω-3、ω-6和ω-9位上是不饱和的。在一个实施方式中,Y1在ω-9位上是不饱和的。
在一个实施方式中,Y1具有至少一个顺式不饱和烯烃基团。在另一个实施方式中,Y1具有至少两个顺式不饱和烯烃基团。在另一个实施方式中,Y1具有至少三个顺式不饱和烯烃基团。所述至少一个顺式不饱和烯烃基团可以在ω-3、ω-6和ω-9位中的一个、两个或三个位置上。MacLachlan等,控释杂志(Journal of Controlled Release)107(2005)276-287中讨论了脂质链上的不饱和现象。
在一个实施方式中,Y1选自表2中提供的Y1-i至Y1-vi。
表2.名为Y1-i至Y1-v的Y1相关部分
Y2
在一个实施方式中,Y2通过任选取代的类固醇上的氧原子与L连接。在另一个实施方式中,Y2通过A类固醇环的3位上的氧原子与L连接。在另一个实施方式中,Y2是固醇,该固醇中去除了A类固醇环3位上的羟基的氢原子(并且通过所述羟基的氧原子与L连接)。
在一个实施方式中,所述固醇选自由以下组成的组:安娜固醇(annasterol)、燕麦甾醇、β-谷甾醇、菜子甾醇、钙化固醇、油菜甾醇、查理诺固醇(chalinosterol)、支那固醇(chinasterol)、胆甾烷醇、胆固醇、粪甾醇、环阿屯醇、脱氢胆甾醇、链胆甾醇、二氢钙化甾醇、二氢胆甾醇、二氢麦角甾醇、甲藻甾醇、表胆固醇、麦角固醇、岩藻甾醇、六氢光固醇、六醇、羟基胆甾醇、羊毛甾醇、光固醇、帕克醇、多孔甾醇、海藻甾醇、二氢谷甾醇、谷甾醇、豆甾烷醇、豆甾醇、温伯固醇(weinbersterol)、酵母甾醇、固醇胆汁酸(例如胆酸、鹅去氧胆酸、甘胆酸、牛磺胆酸、去氧胆酸和石胆酸)、和它们的盐。
在另一个实施方式中,所述固醇是胆固醇。
pKa
脂质的pKa值是指50%脂质带电荷时的pH值,位于所述脂质完全带电荷和所述脂质完全不带电荷的中间。其可通过多种方法测定,但优选使用以下公开的方法测定。测定pKa值通常应该测定单独的脂质而不是测定还包含其它脂质的混合物中的脂质(例如,并非如参考文献2中实施的那样,其考察SNALP的pKa值而非单独脂质的pKa值)。
在标准温度和压力下,使用以下技术在水中测定脂质的pKa值:
·通过称重所述脂质并溶解于乙醇来制备乙醇中的2mM脂质溶液。在乙醇:甲醇为9:1中的0.3mM荧光探针甲苯硝基磺酸(TNS)溶液通过先在甲醇中制备3mM TNS溶液然后用乙醇稀释至0.3mM来制备。
·制备含磷酸钠、柠檬酸钠、乙酸钠和氯化钠的缓冲水溶液,浓度分别为20mM、25mM、20mM和150mM。将所述缓冲液分成八份,并用12N HCl或6N NaOH将pH调至4.44-4.52、5.27、6.15-6.21、6.57、7.10-7.20、7.72-7.80、8.27-8.33和10.47-11.12。将400uL的2mM脂质溶液和800uL的0.3mM TNS混合。
·将7.5μL的探针/脂质混合物添加到1mL96孔板中的242.5μL缓冲液中。对所有八份缓冲液实施该步骤。混合后,将100uL各探针/脂质/缓冲液混合物转移至250uL黑色透明底的96孔板中(例如,型号COSTAR3904,康宁公司(Corning))。
·用322nm激发波长,431nm发射波长(在420nm自动截止)测定各探针/脂质/缓冲液混合物的荧光(例如,使用SpectraMax M5分光光度计和SoftMax pro5.2软件)。
·测定后,各探针/脂质/缓冲液混合物减去96孔板上的空孔背景荧光值。接着将荧光强度值标准化至在最低pH处的数值。然后将标准化的荧光强度对pH值作图,并提供最佳符合线。
·发现最佳符合线上标准化荧光强度所在点等于0.5。发现标准化荧光强度的相应pH值等于0.5,并视其为所述脂质的pKa。
具有pKa在5.0至7.6范围内的脂质表现最佳免疫结果。在该pKa范围内,优选脂质的pKa是5.5至6.7,例如5.6至6.8、5.6至6.3、5.6至6.0、5.5至6.2,或5.7至5.9。
式(I)的具体化合物
参考文献8中公开了对本发明有用的式(I)的具体化合物。例如,所述化合物可以是E0024、E0014、E0052、E0118、E0083、E0011、E0008、E0025、E0026、E0069、E0076、E0077、E0078、E0085或E0088。所述化合物可以是示于下文的在“RV03”至“RV12”或“RV15”脂质体中使用的脂质。优选的化合物是E0026、E0069和E0078。优选的化合物是示于下文的在“RV05”、“RV08”和“RV09”脂质体中使用的脂质。
在替代的实施方式中,本发明的脂质体不使用式(I)的化合物而使用“RV02”化合物(结构示于下文)。除了这个取代,本文别处描述了这些包含RV02的脂质体的所有其它方面。
式(XI)
式(XI)的化合物是包含N末端烷基酰胺和2至10个氨基酸的阳离子脂肽脂肽。式(XI)是:
Ra-(AA)z-Rb
其中,
Ra是N末端烷基酰胺;
z是2至10的整数;
每个AA是氨基酸,前提是存在至少一个组氨酸或存在至少一个阳离子氨基酸;
Rb是-H、-OH或-NH2。
Ra部分具有式Rc-C(O)-NRd-,其中Rc是C2至C24烷基,Rd是–H或C1至C4烷基。适合的Rc基团包括月桂基(‘Lau’;C12)和棕榈酰胺(‘Pal’;C16)。
Ra部分的酰胺与2至10个氨基酸如3至8个氨基酸的寡肽链相连。该链包含至少一个(例如1、2、3、4或5个)组氨酸。该链还包含至少一个阳离子氨基酸,例如至少一个精氨酸、赖氨酸或鸟氨酸残基。优选包含至少一个赖氨酸,并且理想地是包含2或3个赖氨酸。包含组氨酸的原因是其侧链为弱碱性并且主要在生理pH时非离子化,但在核内体的弱酸性环境中更高度地质子化。阳离子氨基酸,如赖氨酸或精氨酸,在中性pH时对脂肽提供一个单位的正电荷。有用的寡肽含有氨基酸序列-C-Ki-Hj-,其中:I是1、2或3;且j是1、2、3、4或5。
寡肽链的C末端可以保持为–COOH或可以代替形成酰胺。
式(XI)的化合物可以在其烷基链、氨基酸链和C末端基团的方面进行描述。例如,脂肽“Lau-(C-K-H-H)-NH2”具有N末端月桂基链,然后半胱氨酸,然后赖氨酸,然后两个组氨酸和C末端胺。因此适合的式(XI)的脂肽包括但不限于:
Lau-(C-K-K-H)-NH2、Pal-(C-K-H-H)-NH2、Pal-(C-K-K-H-H)-NH2、
Pal-(C-K-K-H-H-H)-NH2、Pal-(C-K-K-H-H-H-H)-NH2、
Pal-(C-K-K-H-H-H-H-H)-NH2、Pal-(C-K-K-K-H-H)-NH2和
Pal-(C-K-K-K-H-H-H)-NH2。参考文献9公开了这些和其它化合物在,并包括:
RNA
本发明的脂质体包括编码多肽的RNA分子(不同于siRNA,如参考文献中)。体内给予所述颗粒后,RNA从颗粒中释放出来并在细胞中翻译以提供原位所述多肽。
所述RNA为+-链,并且不需要任何间插性的复制步骤如逆转录通过细胞进行翻译。所述RNA也可以与免疫细胞表达的TLR7受体结合,从而引发有助于免疫目的佐剂效应。
优选的+-链RNA是自复制RNA。自复制RNA分子(复制子)在甚至无任何蛋白递送到脊椎动物细胞时,能通过由自身(或通过由自身产生的反义拷贝)转录引导生成多子代RNA。因此自复制RNA分子通常是+-链分子,其递送到细胞后能直接翻译,且该翻译提供RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶,该RNA聚合酶然后由递送的RNA生成反义和正义转录本。因此递送的RNA引导生成多子代RNA。这些子代RNA以及共线亚基因组转录本可自身翻译以提供编码感兴趣多肽的原位表达,或可转录以提供与递送的RNA同义的其它转录本,递送的RNA经翻译以提供感兴趣多肽的原位表达。此转录序列的总体结果是大幅扩增引入的复制子RNA,因此编码的感兴趣多肽变为细胞的主要产物。
实现自复制的一种合适系统为使用基于α病毒的RNA复制子。这些+-链复制子在递送到细胞后翻译以得到复制酶(或复制酶-逆转录酶)。这些复制酶翻译为自切割产生复制复合物的多聚蛋白,所述复合物引起该+-链递送的RNA的基因组–-链拷贝。这些-–-链转录本可自我转录以得到+-链亲本RNA的其它拷贝和得到编码感兴趣多肽的亚基因组转录本。因此所述亚基因组转录本的翻译引起感染细胞原位表达多肽。合适的α病毒复制子可使用来自辛德毕斯病毒、西门利克森林病毒、东部马脑炎病毒、委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒等的复制酶。可使用突变或野生型病毒序列,例如VEEV减毒TC83突变体已被用于复制子中[10]。
因此优选的自复制RNA分子编码(i)RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶,所述RNA聚合酶可从所述自复制RNA分子转录RNA和(ii)感兴趣的多肽。所述聚合酶可为α病毒复制酶,例如包括一种或多种α病毒蛋白nsP1、nsP2、nsP3和nsP4。
尽管除了非结构性复制酶多聚蛋白,天然α病毒基因组还编码结构病毒体蛋白,但本发明的自复制RNA分子优选不编码α病毒结构蛋白。因此优选的自复制RNA可引起产生细胞中自身的基因组RNA拷贝,但不生成含RNA的病毒颗粒。不能生成这些病毒体说明自复制RNA分子不像野生型α病毒,其自身不能以感染形式永存。野生型病毒中永存必需的α病毒结构蛋白在本发明的自复制RNA中缺失,且他们的位置被编码感兴趣多肽的基因占据,如此以致亚基因组转录本编码该多肽而非结构α病毒病毒体蛋白。
因此本发明有用的自复制RNA分子可具有两个开放阅读框。第一个(5')开放阅读框编码复制酶;第二个(3')开放阅读框编码感兴趣的多肽。在一些实施方式中,所述RNA可具有额外的(例如下游)开放阅读框,例如用于编码其他感兴趣多肽(见下文)或编码辅助多肽。
自复制RNA分子可具有与所述编码的复制酶相容的5'序列。
自复制RNA分子可具有各种长度,但其通常为5000-25000核苷酸长度,如8000-15000核苷酸或9000-12000核苷酸。因此该RNA比见于siRNA递送中的长。
本发明有用的RNA分子可具有5'帽(例如7-甲基鸟苷)。该帽可增强所述RNA的体内翻译。
本发明有用的RNA分子的5'核苷酸可具有5'三磷酸基团。在加帽的RNA中其可通过5'-至-5'桥与7-甲基鸟苷连接。5'三磷酸可增强RIG-I结合并因此促进佐剂效应。
RNA分子可具有3'聚=A尾部。RNA分子还可在其3'末端附近包含聚-A聚合酶识别序列(如AAUAAA)。
本发明有用的RNA分子通常为单链。单链RNA通常能通过与TLR7、TLR8、RNA解旋酶和/或PKR结合引起佐剂效应。以双链形式递送的RNA(dsRNA)可与TLR3结合,并且该受体还会被在单链RNA复制中或单链RNA二级结构中形成的dsRNA触发。
本发明有用的RNA分子可通过体外转录(IVT)方便地制备。IVT可使用细菌中以质粒形式产生和增殖或合成产生(例如通过基因合成和/或聚合酶链式反应(PCR)工程改造方法)的(cDNA)模板。例如,DNA依赖性RNA聚合酶(如噬菌体T7、T3或SP6RNA聚合酶)可用于从DNA模板转录RNA。合适的加帽和聚-A加成反应可按需使用(尽管所述复制子的聚A通常在DNA模板内编码)。这些RNA聚合酶可对转录的5'核苷酸有严格的要求,且在一些实施方式中,这些要求必须与所编码的复制酶的要求匹配,以确保IVT-转录的RNA能有效作为其自身编码复制酶的底物发挥作用。
如参考文献11中讨论的,所述自复制RNA可包括(除了任何5'帽结构)一个或多个具有修饰的核碱基的核苷酸。因此所述RNA可包括:m5C(5-甲基胞苷)、m5U(5-甲基尿苷)、m6A(N6-甲基腺苷)、s2U(2-硫代尿苷)、Um(2'-O-甲基尿苷)、m1A(l-甲基腺苷)、m2A(2-甲基腺苷)、Am(2'-O-甲基腺苷)、ms2m6A(2-甲硫基-N6-甲基腺苷)、i6A(N6-异戊烯基腺苷)、ms2i6A(2-甲硫基-N6异戊烯基腺苷)、io6A(N6-(顺式-羟基异戊烯基)腺苷)、ms2io6A(2-甲硫基-N6-(顺式-羟基异戊烯基)腺苷)、g6A(N6-甘氨酰氨甲酰基腺苷)、t6A(N6-苏氨酰氨甲酰基腺苷)、ms2t6A(2-甲基硫-N6-苏氨酰氨甲酰基腺苷)、m6t6A(N6-甲基-N6-苏氨酰氨甲酰基腺苷)、hn6A(N6-羟基正缬氨酰氨甲酰基腺苷)、ms2hn6A(2-甲硫基-N6-羟基正缬氨酰氨甲酰基腺苷)、Ar(p)(2'-O-核糖基腺苷(磷酸))、I(肌苷)、m11(1-甲基肌苷)、m'Im(1,2'-O-二甲基肌苷)、m3C(3-甲基胞苷)、Cm(2T-O-甲基胞苷)、s2C(2-巯基胞苷)、ac4C(N4-乙酰胞苷)、f5C(5-甲酰基胞苷)、m5Cm(5,2-O-二甲基胞苷)、ac4Cm(N4乙酰基2TO甲基胞苷)、k2C(赖西丁)、m1G(1-甲基鸟苷)、m2G(N2-甲基鸟苷)、m7G(7-甲基鸟苷)、Gm(2'-O-甲基鸟苷)、m22G(N2,N2-二甲基鸟苷)、m2Gm(N2,2'-O-二甲基鸟苷)、m22Gm(N2,N2,2'-O-三甲基鸟苷)、Gr(p)(2'-O-核糖基鸟苷(磷酸))、yW(怀丁苷)、o2yW(过氧怀丁苷)、OHyW(羟基怀丁苷)、OHyW*(经改性羟基怀丁苷)、imG(怀俄苷)、mimG(甲基鸟苷)、Q(q苷)、oQ(环氧q苷)、galQ(半乳糖-q苷)、manQ(甘露糖-q苷)、preQo(7-氰基-7-脱氮鸟苷)、preQi(7-氨甲基-7-脱氮鸟苷取代鸟苷)、G*(古嘌苷)、D(二氢尿苷)、m5Um(5,2'-O-二甲基尿苷)、s4U(4-硫代尿苷)、m5s2U(5-甲基-2-硫代尿苷)、s2Um(2-硫代-2'-O-甲基尿苷)、acp3U(3-(3-氨基-3-羧基丙基)尿苷)、ho5U(5-羟基尿苷)、mo5U(5-甲氧基尿苷)、cmo5U(尿苷5-氧乙酸)、mcmo5U(尿苷5-氧乙酸甲酯)、chm5U(5-(羧基羟基甲基)尿苷))、mchm5U(5-(羧基羟基甲基)尿苷甲酯)、mcm5U(5-甲氧羰基甲基尿苷)、mcm5Um(S-甲氧羰基甲基-2-O-甲基尿苷)、mcm5s2U(5-甲氧羰基甲基-2-硫代尿苷)、nm5s2U(5-氨基甲基-2-硫代尿苷)、mnm5U(5-甲氨基甲基尿苷)、mnm5s2U(5-甲氨基甲基-2-硫代尿苷)、mnm5se2U(5-甲氨基甲基-2-硒基尿苷)、ncm5U(5-氨甲酰基甲基尿苷)、ncm5Um(5-氨甲酰基甲基-2'-O-甲基尿苷)、cmnm5U(5-羧甲基氨甲基尿苷)、cnmm5Um(5-羧甲基氨甲基-2-L-O甲基尿苷)、cmnm5s2U(5-羧甲基氨甲基-2-硫代尿苷)、m62A(N6,N6-二甲基腺苷)、Tm(2'-O-甲基肌苷)、m4C(N4-甲基胞苷)、m4Cm(N4,2-O-二甲基胞苷)、hm5C(5-羟甲基胞苷)、m3U(3-甲基尿苷)、cm5U(5-羧甲基尿苷)、m6Am(N6,T-O-二甲基腺苷)、rn62Am(N6,N6,O-2-三甲基腺苷)、m2'7G(N2,7-二甲基鸟苷)、m2'2'7G(N2,N2,7-三甲基鸟苷)、m3Um(3,2T-O-二甲基尿苷)、m5D(5-甲基二氢尿苷)、f5Cm(5-甲酰基-2'-O-甲基胞苷)、m1Gm(1,2'-O-二甲基鸟苷)、m'Am(1,2-O-二甲基腺苷)虹膜甲基尿苷)(irinomethyluridine)、tm5s2U(S-牛磺酸甲基-2-硫代尿苷))、imG-14(4-去甲基鸟苷)、imG2(异鸟苷),或ac6A(N6-乙酰腺苷)、次黄嘌呤、肌苷、8-氧代-腺嘌呤、它的7-取代衍生物、二氢尿嘧啶、假尿嘧啶、2-硫尿嘧啶、4-硫尿嘧啶、5-氨基尿嘧啶、5-(C1-C6)-烷基尿嘧啶、5-甲基尿嘧啶、5-(C2-C6)-烯基尿嘧啶、5-(C2-C6)-炔基尿嘧啶、5-(羟甲基)尿嘧啶、5-氯尿嘧啶、5-氟尿嘧啶、5-溴尿嘧啶、5-羟基胞嘧啶、5-(C1-C6)-烷基胞嘧啶、5-甲基胞嘧啶、5-(C2-C6)-烯基胞嘧啶、5-(C2-C6)-炔基胞嘧啶、5-氯胞嘧啶、5-氟胞嘧啶、5-溴胞嘧啶、N2-二甲基鸟嘌呤、7-脱氮鸟嘌呤、8-氮鸟嘌呤、7-脱氮-7-取代鸟嘌呤、7-脱氮鸟嘌呤-7-(C2-C6)炔基鸟嘌呤、7-脱氮-8-取代鸟嘌呤、8-羟基鸟嘌呤、6-硫鸟嘌呤、8-氧鸟嘌呤、2-氨基嘌呤、2-氨基-6-氯嘌呤、2,4-二氨基嘌呤、2,6-二氨基嘌呤、8-氮嘌呤、取代7-脱氮嘌呤、7-脱氮-7-取代嘌呤、7-脱氮-8-取代嘌呤、或脱碱基核苷酸。例如,自复制RNA可包括一种或多种修饰的嘧啶核碱基,例如假尿苷和/或5-甲基胞嘧啶残基。然而在一些实施方式中,所述RNA不包含修饰的核碱基,并可不包含修饰的核苷酸,即RNA中所有核苷酸是标准的A、C、G和U核糖核苷酸(除了任何5'帽结构,其可包含7'-甲基鸟苷)。在其他实施方式中,所述RNA可包括含7-甲基鸟苷的5'帽,且第1、2或3个5'核糖核苷酸可在核糖的2'位被甲基化。
本发明所用的RNA理想上仅包括核苷之间的磷酸二酯键,但在一些实施方式中其可含氨基磷酸酯键、硫代磷酸酯键和/或甲基磷酸酯键。
理想地,脂质体包含少于10种不同种类的RNA,例如5种、4种、3种或2种不同种类,最优选脂质体包含单一的RNA种类,即所述脂质体中所有RNA分子具有相同的序列和相同的长度。
每个脂质体中的RNA量可以变化。每个脂质体中单个的自复制RNA分子数目通常是<50,例如每个脂质体中<20、<10、<5或1-4。
编码的感兴趣多肽
本发明所用的RNA分子编码感兴趣多肽。给予所述脂质体后,所述RNA发生体内翻译并且产生的蛋白质可发挥它的所需作用,例如,产生的蛋白质可引起受体中的免疫应答,或可提供感兴趣的功能作用,例如酶活性。
所述RNA分子可编码感兴趣的单一多肽或多个多肽。多个多肽可以以单一多肽(融合多肽)或单独的多肽存在。如果多肽由复制子以单独多肽表达,那么这些多肽中的一种或多种可与上游IRES或额外的病毒启动子元件一起提供。替代地,多个多肽可由多聚蛋白或以内含肽表达,该多聚蛋白编码与小自催化蛋白酶融合的单一多肽(例如口蹄疫病毒2A蛋白)。
不同于参考文献1和12,所述RNA编码带有有效体内功能的多肽。为避免疑问,本发明不包括编码萤火虫荧光素酶或编码大肠杆菌(E.coli)β-半乳糖苷酶的融合蛋白或编码绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的RNA。将该多肽作为标记可能很有用处,但本发明涉及体内表达多肽的RNA递送,该多肽可提供有用的治疗或免疫应答。并且,所述RNA不是全小鼠胸腺RNA。
免疫原
在一些实施方式中,所述RNA编码多肽免疫原。给予所述脂质体后,所述RNA发生体内翻译并且所述免疫原可引起受体的免疫应答。所述免疫原可引起针对细菌、病毒、真菌或寄生虫(或者在一些实施方式中针对变应原,以及在其它实施方式中针对肿瘤抗原)的免疫应答。所述免疫应答可包括抗体应答(通常包括IgG)和/或细胞介导的免疫应答。该多肽免疫原通常会引起识别相应的细菌、病毒、真菌或寄生虫(或变应原或肿瘤)多肽的免疫应答,但在一些实施方式中,所述多肽可作为模拟表位来引起识别细菌、病毒、真菌或寄生虫单糖的免疫应答。所述免疫原通常是表面多肽,例如粘附素、血凝素、包膜糖蛋白、突起糖蛋白等。
在一些实施方式中,所述免疫原引起针对以下这些细菌之一的免疫应答:
脑膜炎奈瑟球菌(Neisseria meningitidis):有用的免疫原包括但不限于膜蛋白,例如粘附素、自主转运蛋白、毒素、铁摄取蛋白和H因子结合蛋白。三种有用多肽的组合公开在参考文献13中。
肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae):有用的多肽免疫原公开在参考文献14中。其包括但不限于RrgB菌毛亚基、β-N-乙酰-己糖胺酶前体(spr0057)、spr0096、普通应激蛋白GSP-781(spr2021、SP2216)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶StkP(SP1732)和肺炎球菌表面粘附素PsaA。
酿脓链球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes):有用的免疫原包括但不限于公开在参考文献15和16中的多肽。
卡他莫拉菌(Moraxella catarrhalis)。
百日咳博德特菌(Bordetella pertussis):有用的百日咳免疫原包括但不限于:百日咳毒素或类毒素(PT)、丝状血细胞凝集素(FHA)、百日咳菌粘附素和凝集原2和3。
金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus):有用的免疫原包括但不限于公开在参考文献17中的多肽,例如溶血素、esxA、esxB、铁色素结合蛋白(sta006)和/或sta011脂蛋白。
破伤风梭菌(Clostridium tetani):典型的免疫原是破伤风类毒素。
白喉棒状杆菌(Cornynebacterium diphtheriae):典型的免疫原是白喉类毒素。
流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenzae):有用的免疫原包括但不限于公开在参考文献18和19中的多肽。
铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae):有用的免疫原包括但不限于公开在参考文献15中的多肽。
沙眼衣原体(Chlamydia trachomatis):有用的免疫原包括但不限于:PepA、LcrE、ArtJ、DnaK、CT398、OmpH-样、L7/L12、OmcA、AtoS、CT547、Eno、HtrA和MurG(例如参考文献20中所公开的)。LcrE[21]和HtrA[22]是两种优选的免疫原。
肺炎衣原体(Chlamydia pneumoniae):有用的免疫原包括但不限于公开在参考文献23中的多肽。
幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori):有用的免疫原包括但不限于:CagA、VacA、NAP和/或脲酶[24]。
大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli):有用的免疫原包括但不限于衍生自以下大肠杆菌的免疫原:肠产毒性大肠杆菌(ETEC)、肠聚集性大肠杆菌(EAggEC)、弥散粘附性大肠杆菌(DAEC)、肠致病性大肠杆菌(EPEC)、肠外致病性大肠杆菌(ExPEC)和/或肠出血性大肠杆菌(EHEC)。ExPEC菌株包括尿致病性大肠杆菌(UPEC)和脑膜炎/败血症相关的大肠杆菌(MNEC)。有用的UPEC多肽免疫原公开在参考文献25和26中。有用的MNEC免疫原公开在参考文献27中。AcfD是几种大肠杆菌类型的有用免疫原[28]。
炭疽杆菌(Bacillus anthracis)
鼠疫耶尔森菌(Yersinia pestis):有用的免疫原包括但不限于参考文献29和30中所公开的。
表皮葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus epidermis)
产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens)或肉毒梭菌(Clostridiumbotulinums)
嗜肺军团菌(Legionella pneumophila)
伯内特科克斯立克次体(Coxiella burnetti)
布鲁氏菌(Brucella),如牛布鲁氏菌(B.abortus)、犬布鲁氏菌(B.canis)、羊布鲁氏菌(B.melitensis)、沙林鼠布鲁氏菌(B.neotomae)、绵羊附睾布鲁氏菌(B.ovis)、猪布鲁氏菌(B.suis)、有鳍动物布鲁氏菌(B.pinnipediae)。
弗朗西斯氏菌(Francisella),如新凶手弗朗西斯氏菌(F.novicida)、蜃楼弗朗西斯氏菌(F.philomiragia)、土拉热弗朗西斯氏菌(F.tularensi)。
淋病奈瑟球菌(Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
苍白密螺旋体(Treponema pallidum)
杜氏嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus ducreyi)
粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)或屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)
腐生葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus saprophyticus)
小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌(Yersinia enterocolitic)
结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
立克次体(Rickettsia)
单核细胞增生利斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)
霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholerae)
伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhi)
伯氏疏螺旋体(Borrelia burgdorferi)
牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis)
克雷伯菌(Klebsiella)
在一些实施方式中,所述免疫原引起针对以下病毒之一的免疫应答:
正粘病毒(Orthomyxovirus):有用的免疫原可来自甲型、乙型或丙型流感病毒,如血凝素、神经氨酸酶或基质M2蛋白。免疫原为甲型流感病毒血凝素时,其可来自任何亚型,例如来自H1、H2、H3、H4、H5、H6、H7、H8、H9、H10、H11、H12、H13、H14、H15或H16。
副粘病毒科(Paramyxoviridae)病毒:病毒免疫原包括但不限于衍生自以下病毒的免疫原:肺炎病毒(Pneumovirus)(例如,呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytialvirus),RSV)、腮腺炎病毒(Rubulaviruses)(例如,流行性腮腺炎病毒(mumps virus))、副粘液病毒(Paramyxoviruses)(例如,副流感病毒(parainfluenza virus))、偏肺病毒(Metapneumoviruses)和麻疹病毒(Morbilliviruses)(例如,麻疹病毒(measles virus))。
痘病毒(Poxviridae):病毒免疫原包括但不限于衍生自正痘病毒(Orthopoxvirus)的免疫原,如天花(Variola vera),包括但不限于重型天花(Variolamajor)和轻型天花(Variola minor)。
小核糖核酸病毒(Picornavirus):病毒免疫原包括但不限于衍生自小核糖核酸病毒的免疫原,如肠道病毒(Enterovirus)、鼻病毒(Rhinovirus)、嗜肝RNA病毒(Heparnavirus)、心脏病毒(Cardiovirus)和口蹄疫病毒(Aphthovirus)。在一个实施方式中,所述肠道病毒是脊髓灰质炎病毒,如1型、2型和/或3型脊髓灰质炎病毒。在另一实施方式中,所述肠道病毒是EV71肠道病毒。在一个实施方式中,所述肠道病毒是甲型或乙型柯萨奇病毒(coxsackie virus)。
布尼亚病毒(Bunyavirus):病毒免疫原包括但不限于衍生自以下病毒的免疫原:正布尼亚病毒(Orthobunyavirus)如加利福尼亚脑炎病毒(California encephalitisvirus),白蛉病毒(Phlebovirus)如裂谷热病毒(Rift Valley Fever virus),或内罗病毒(Nairovirus)如克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒(Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus)。
嗜肝RNA病毒(Heparnavirus):病毒免疫原包括但不限于衍生自嗜肝RNA病毒如甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)的免疫原。
纤丝病毒(Filovirus):病毒免疫原包括但不限于衍生自纤丝病毒的免疫原,如埃博拉病毒(Ebola virus)(包括扎伊尔(Zaire)、象牙海岸(Ivory Coast)、莱斯顿(Reston)或苏丹(Sudan)纤丝病毒)或马尔堡(Marburg)病毒。
披膜病毒(Togavirus):病毒免疫原包括但不限于衍生自披膜病毒的免疫原,如风疹病毒(Rubivirus)、α病毒(Alphavirus)或动脉炎病毒(Arterivirus)。包括风疹病毒。
黄病毒(Flavivirus):病毒免疫原包括但不限于衍生自黄病毒(Flavivirus)的免疫原,如蜱传脑炎(TBE)病毒、登革热(1、2、3或4型)病毒、黄热病毒(Yellow Fever virus)、日本脑炎病毒(Japanese encephalitis virus)、开萨诺森林病毒(Kyasanur ForestVirus)、西尼罗河脑炎病毒(West Nile encephalitis virus)、圣路易斯脑炎病毒(St.Louis encephalitis virus)、俄国春夏脑炎病毒(Russian spring-summerencephalitis virus)、波瓦生脑炎病毒(Powassan encephalitis virus)。.
瘟病毒(Pestivirus):病毒免疫原包括但不限于衍生自瘟病毒的免疫原,如牛病毒性腹泻(BVDV)、典型猪瘟(CSFV)或边界病(BDV)。
嗜肝DNA病毒(Hepadnavirus):病毒免疫原包括但不限于衍生自嗜肝DNA病毒如乙型肝炎病毒的免疫原。组合物可包含乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)。
其他肝炎病毒:组合物可包含来自丙型肝炎病毒、丁型肝炎病毒、戊型肝炎病毒或庚型肝炎病毒的免疫原。
杆状病毒(Rhabdovirus):病毒免疫原包括但不限于衍生自杆状病毒的免疫原,如恐水病病毒(Lyssavirus)(如狂犬病病毒(Rabies virus))和水泡病毒(VSV)。
杯状病毒(Caliciviridae):病毒免疫原包括但不限于衍生自以下病毒的免疫原:杯状病毒,如诺沃克病毒(Norwalk virus)(诺如病毒(Norovirus))和类诺沃克病毒(Norwalk-like viruses),如夏威夷病毒(Hawaii Virus)和雪山病毒(Snow MountainVirus)。
冠状病毒(Coronavirus):病毒免疫原包括但不限于衍生自以下病毒的免疫原:SARS冠状病毒、禽传染性支气管炎(IBV)、小鼠肝炎病毒(MHV)和猪传染性肠胃炎病毒(TGEV)。所述冠状病毒免疫原可为突起多肽。
逆转录病毒(Retrovirus):病毒免疫原包括但不限于衍生自以下病毒的免疫原:肿瘤病毒(Oncovirus)、慢病毒(Lentivirus)(例如HIV-1或HIV-2)或泡沫病毒(Spumavirus)。
呼肠病毒(Reovirus):病毒免疫原包括但不限于衍生自以下病毒的免疫原:正呼肠病毒(Orthoreovirus)、轮状病毒(Rotavirus)、环状病毒(Orbivirus)或科罗拉多蜱传热病毒(Coltivirus)。
细小病毒(Parvovirus):病毒免疫原包括但不限于衍生自细小病毒B19的免疫原。
疱疹病毒(Herpesvirus):病毒免疫原包括但不限于衍生自人疱疹病毒的免疫原,如仅为示例的单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)(例如1和2型HSV)、水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)、EB病毒(EBV)、巨细胞病毒(CMV)、人疱疹病毒6(HHV6)、人疱疹病毒7(HHV7)和人疱疹病毒8(HHV8)。
乳头多瘤空泡病毒(Papovaviruses):病毒免疫原包括但不限于衍生自乳头瘤病毒(Papillomavirus)和多瘤病毒(Polyomavirus)的免疫原。(人)乳头瘤病毒可以是血清型1、2、4、5、6、8、11、13、16、18、31、33、35、39、41、42、47、51、57、58、63或65,例如来自血清型6、11、16和/或18的一种或多种。
腺病毒(Adenovirus):病毒免疫原包括但不限于衍生自腺病毒血清型36(Ad-36)的免疫原。
在一些实施方式中,所述免疫原引起针对感染鱼的病毒的免疫应答,如:传染性鲑鱼贫血病毒(ISAV)、鲑鱼胰腺疾病病毒(SPDV)、传染性胰腺坏死病毒(IPNV)、斑点鲶鱼病毒(CCV)、与鱼淋巴囊肿病病毒(FLDV)、传染性造血组织坏死病病毒(IHNV)、锦鲤疱疹病毒、鲑鱼类小核糖核酸病毒(又称为大西洋鲑鱼类小核糖核酸病毒)、陆封鲑鱼病毒(LSV)、大西洋鲑鱼轮状病毒(ASR)、鳟鱼草莓病病毒(TSD)、银鲑鱼肿瘤病毒(CSTV)、或病毒性出血性败血症病毒(VHSV)。
真菌免疫原可衍生自皮肤真菌,包括:絮状表皮霉菌(Epidermophytonfloccusum),头癣小孢子菌(Microsporum audouini),犬小孢子菌(Microsporum canis),扭曲小孢子菌(Microsporum distortum),马小孢子菌(Microsporum equinum),石膏样小孢子菌(Microsporum gypsum),矮小小孢子菌(Microsporum nanum),同心性毛癣菌(Trichophyton concentricum),马毛癣菌(Trichophyton equinum),鸡毛癣菌(Trichophyton gallinae),石膏样毛癣菌(Trichophyton gypseum),麦格氏毛癣菌(Trichophyton megnini),须毛癣菌(Trichophyton mentagrophytes),昆克努毛癣菌(Trichophyton quinckeanum),红色毛癣菌(Trichophyton rubrum),许兰毛癣菌(Trichophyton schoenleini),断发毛癣菌(Trichophyton tonsurans),疣状毛癣菌(Trichophyton verrucosum),疣状毛癣菌白色变种(T.verrucosum var.album)、盘状变种(var.discoides)、赭黄变种(var.ochraceum),紫色毛癣菌(Trichophyton violaceum)和/或蜜块状毛癣菌(Trichophyton faviforme);或来自烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)、黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、构巢曲霉(Aspergillusnidulans)、土曲霉(Aspergillus terreus)、聚多曲霉(Aspergillus sydowi)、黄曲菌(Aspergillus flavatus)、灰绿曲霉(Aspergillus glaucus)、头状芽裂殖菌(Blastoschizomyces capitatus)、白假丝酵母(Candida albicans)、烯醇酶假丝酵母(Candida enolase)、热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)、光滑假丝酵母(Candidaglabrata)、克柔假丝酵母(Candida krusei)、近平滑假丝酵母(Candida parapsilosis)、类星形假丝酵母(Candida stellatoidea)、克鲁斯假丝酵母(Candida kusei)、帕拉克斯假丝酵母(Candida parakwsei)、葡萄牙假丝酵母(Candida lusitaniae)、伪热带假丝酵母(Candida pseudotropicalis)、季也蒙假丝酵母(Candida guilliermondi)、卡氏枝孢霉(Cladosporium carrionii)、粗球孢子菌(Coccidioides immitis)、皮炎芽生菌(Blastomyces dermatidis)、新型隐球菌(Cryptococcus neoformans)、棒地霉(Geotrichum clavatum)、荚膜组织胞浆菌(Histoplasma capsulatum)、肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)、微孢子虫(Microsporidia)、脑炎微孢子虫属(Encephalitozoon spp)、肠间隔微孢子虫(Septata intestinalis)和毕氏肠微孢子虫(Enterocytozoon bieneusi);较不常见的是短粒虫属(Brachiola spp.)、微孢子虫属(Microsporidium spp.)、小孢子虫属(Nosema spp.)、匹里虫属(Pleistophora spp)、气管普孢虫属(Trachipleistophora spp.)、条孢虫属(Vittaforma spp.)、巴西芽生菌(Paracoccidioides brasiliensis)、卡氏肺孢子虫(Pneumocystis carinii)、苜蓿腐酶(Pythiumn insidiosum)、皮屑芽胞菌(Pityrosporum ovale)、酿酒酵母(Sacharomycescerevisae)、布拉酵母(Saccharomyces boulardii)、粟酒酵母(Saccharomyces pombe)、尖端赛多孢子菌(Scedosporium apiosperum)、申克孢子丝菌(Sporothrix schenckii)、白吉利丝孢酵母(Trichosporon beigelii)、弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)、马尔尼菲青霉菌(Penicillium marneffei)、马拉色菌属(Malassezia spp.)、着色真菌属(Fonsecaeaspp.)、王氏霉菌属(Wangiella spp.)、孢子丝菌属(Sporothrix spp.)、蛙粪霉属(Basidiobolus spp.)、耳霉属(Conidiobolus spp.)、根霉属(Rhizopus spp.)、毛霉属(Mucor spp.)、犁头霉属(Absidia spp.)、被孢霉属(Mortierella spp.)、小克银汉霉属(Cunninghamella spp.)、瓶霉属(Saksenaea spp.)、链格孢菌属(Alternaria spp.)、弯孢菌属(Curvularia spp.)、长蠕孢菌属(Helminthosporium spp.)、镰胞菌属(Fusariumspp.)、曲霉属(Aspergillus spp.)、青霉属(Penicillium spp.)、链核盘菌属(Monoliniaspp.)、丝核菌属(Rhizoctonia spp.)、拟青霉属(Paecilomyces spp.)、皮司霉属(Pithomyces spp.)和枝孢属(Cladosporium spp.)。
在一些实施方式中,所述免疫原引起针对来自疟原虫(Plasmodium)属的寄生虫的免疫应答,如恶性疟原虫(P.falciparum)、间日疟原虫(P.vivax)、三日疟原虫(P.malariae)或卵圆疟原虫(P.ovale)。因此本发明可用于针对疟疾的免疫。在一些实施方式中,所述免疫原引起针对来自鱼虱科(Caligidae)家族的寄生虫的免疫应答,特别是来自疮痂鱼虱属(Lepeophtheirus)和鱼虱属(Caligus)的寄生虫,如海虱,例如鲑疮痂鱼虱(Lepeophtheirus salmonis)或智利鱼虱(Caligus rogercresseyi)。
在一些实施方式中,所述免疫原引起针对以下物质的免疫应答:花粉变应原(树、草本、杂草和草花粉变应原)、昆虫或蛛形纲动物变应原(吸入剂、唾液和毒液变应原,如螨虫变应原、蟑螂和蠓变应原、膜翅目昆虫毒液变应原)、动物毛发和头皮屑变应原(来自例如狗、猫、马、大鼠、小鼠等)和食物变应原(如麸朊)。来自树、草和草本的重要花粉变应原源自壳斗目,木犀目,松杉目和悬铃木目的分类目,包括但不限于:白桦(桦属),赤杨(桤木),榛子(榛属),鹅耳枥(鹅耳枥属)和橄榄(木犀榄属),柳杉(柳杉属和圆柏属),悬铃木(法国梧桐),禾本目包括黑麦属、猫尾属、早熟禾属、狗牙根属、鸭茅属、绒毛草属、子虉草属、黑麦属和高粱属的草,菊目和荨麻目包括豚草属、蒿属和欧蓍草属的草本植物。其它重要的吸入变应原来自尘螨属和霉螨属的屋尘螨、仓储螨如害嗜鳞螨属、食甜螨属和食酪螨属,来自蟑螂、蠓和跳蚤,如小蠊属、大蠊属、摇蚊属和猫栉头蚤属,以及来自哺乳动物如猫、狗和马,毒液变应原包括源自针昆虫或咬虫的变应原如源自膜翅目分类目的变应原,包括蜜蜂(蜜蜂科(Apidae))、黄蜂(胡蜂科(Vespidea))和蚂蚁(蚁总科(Formicoidae))。
在一些实施方式中,所述免疫原是选自以下的肿瘤抗原:(a)睾丸癌抗原,如NY-ESO-1、SSX2、SCP1以及RAGE、BAGE、GAGE和MAGE家族多肽,如GAGE-1、GAGE-2、MAGE-1、MAGE-2、MAGE-3、MAGE-4、MAGE-5、MAGE-6和MAGE-12(其可用于,例如,处理黑色素瘤、肺肿瘤、头颈肿瘤、NSCLC瘤、乳腺肿瘤、胃肠道肿瘤和膀胱肿瘤),(b)突变抗原,例如p53(与多种实体瘤如结直肠癌、肺癌、头颈癌有关)、p21/Ras(例如,与黑色素瘤、胰腺癌和结直肠癌有关)、CDK4(例如,与黑色素瘤有关)、MUM1(例如,与黑色素瘤有关)、半胱天冬酶-8(例如,与头颈癌有关)、CIA0205(例如,与膀胱癌有关)、HLA-A2-R1701、β连环蛋白(例如,与黑色素瘤有关)、TCR(例如,与T-细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤有关)、BCR-abl(例如,与慢性髓细胞性白血病有关)、磷酸丙糖异构酶、KIA0205、CDC-27和LDLR-FUT,(c)过量表达的抗原,例如半乳糖凝集素4(例如,与结直肠癌有关)、半乳糖凝集素9(例如,与霍奇金病有关)、蛋白酶3(例如,与慢性髓细胞性白血病有关)、WT1(例如,与多种白血病有关)、碳酸酐酶(例如,与肾癌有关)、醛缩酶A(例如,与肺癌有关)、PRAME(例如,与黑色素瘤有关)、HER-2/neu(例如,与乳腺癌、结肠癌、肺癌与卵巢癌有关)、乳腺珠蛋白、甲胎蛋白(例如,与肝细胞癌有关)、KSA(例如,与结直肠癌有关)、胃泌素(例如,与胰腺癌和胃癌有关)、端粒酶催化蛋白、MUC-1(例如,与乳腺癌和卵巢癌有关)、G-250(例如,与肾细胞癌有关)、p53(例如,与乳腺癌和结肠癌有关)和癌胚抗原(例如,与乳腺癌、肺癌和胃肠道癌如结直肠癌有关),(d)共有抗原,例如黑色素瘤-黑素细胞分化抗原,如MART-1/Melan A、gp100、MC1R、黑素细胞-刺激激素受体、酪氨酸酶、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白-1/TRP1和酪氨酸酶相关蛋白-2/TRP2(例如,与黑色素瘤有关),(e)前列腺相关抗原如PAP、PSA、PSMA、PSH-P1、PSM-P1、PSM-P2,例如与前列腺癌有关,(f)免疫球蛋白个体基因型(例如,与骨髓瘤和B细胞淋巴瘤有关)。在某些实施方式中,肿瘤免疫原包括但不限于:p15、Hom/Mel-40、H-Ras、E2A-PRL、H4-RET、IGH-IGK、MYL-RAR、EB病毒抗原、EBNA、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)抗原,包括E6和E7、乙肝和丙肝病毒抗原、人T细胞嗜淋巴细胞病毒抗原、TSP-180、p185erbB2、p180erbB-3、c-met、mn-23H1、TAG-72-4、CA19-9、CA72-4、CAM17.1、NuMa、K-ras、p16、TAGE、PSCA、CT7、43-9F、5T4、791Tgp72、β-HCG、BCA225、BTAA、CA125、CA15-3(CA27.29\BCAA)、CA195、CA242、CA-50、CAM43、CD68\KP1、CO-029、FGF-5、Ga733(EpCAM)、HTgp-175、M344、MA-50、MG7-Ag、MOV18、NB/70K、NY-CO-1、RCAS1、SDCCAG16、TA-90(Mac-2结合蛋白\亲环蛋白C相关蛋白)、TAAL6、TAG72、TLP、TPS等等。
基因治疗
在一些实施方式中,所述RNA编码在基因治疗方面有用的多肽。除了编码用于RNA自复制能力的任何多肽,还提供所编码的该蛋白。因此所述RNA可以编码酶(例如不与RNA结合的酶)、细胞因子、转膜受体、离子通道、激素、血蛋白或抗体。所述RNA优选编码这些种类中的人多肽。
感兴趣的酶包括但不限于:DNA聚合酶α、DNA聚合酶δ。
感兴趣的细胞因子包括但不限于:白介素1、白介素2、白介素4、白介素6、白介素7、白介素12、白介素17、GM-CSF、G-CSF、TNF-α、干扰素α、干扰素β、干扰素γ和分泌神经素。
感兴趣的受体包括但不限于:瘦素受体、低密度脂蛋白受体、2型骨形态蛋白受体、TNF受体、促性腺素释放激素受体、多巴胺受体、促生长素抑制素受体、维生素D受体、尿激酶纤溶酶原激活剂受体、转铁蛋白受体等。
感兴趣的离子通道包括但不限于:HCN2、HCN4、CFTR、Maxi-K通道的α-亚基、KCNQ2、KCNQ3和Kv1.5。
感兴趣的激素包括但不限于:绒毛膜促性腺素、促皮质素、红细胞生成素、胰高血糖素、IGF-1、催产素、血小板衍生的生长因子、降钙素、促卵泡激素、促黄体激素、促甲状腺激素、胰岛素、促性腺激素释放激素、加压素、促生长素抑制素、促乳素、促肾上腺皮质激素、抗利尿激素、促甲状腺素释放激素、奥曲肽、人生长激素、松弛素、生长激素释放激素、甲状旁腺激素、钙化固醇、心房钠尿肽、促胃液素、促胰液素、胆囊收缩素、瘦体、神经肽Y、生长素释放肽、血管紧张素原、多巴胺和血小板生成素。当激素需要多个多肽亚基表现活性时,所述RNA可编码一个或多个该亚基,例如所述RNA可编码促卵泡激素的α亚基和/或β亚基。
感兴趣的血蛋白包括但不限于:血红蛋白、纤维蛋白原、因子VII、因子VIIa、因子VIII、因子IX、纤维蛋白原、凝血酶、血管性血友病因子。
药物组合物
本发明的脂质体可用作药物组合物中的组分使患者对多种疾病有免疫。除了脂质体,这些组合物通常包含药学上可接受的载体。药学上可接受的载体的全面讨论可参见参考文献31。
本发明的药物组合物可包含一种或多种小分子免疫增强剂。例如,所述组合物可包含TLR2激动剂(例如Pam3CSK4)、TLR4激动剂(例如氨烷基氨基葡糖苷磷酸,如E6020)、TLR7激动剂(例如咪喹莫特)、TLR8激动剂(例如雷西莫特)和/或TLR9激动剂(例如IC31)。任何该激动剂理想上分子量<2000Da。在一些实施方式中,该激动剂还与所述RNA包埋在脂质体中,但在其它实施方式中其未包埋。
本发明的药物组合物可包含淡水(例如w.f.i.)或缓冲剂(磷酸盐缓冲液、Tris缓冲液、硼酸盐缓冲液、琥珀酸盐缓冲液、组氨酸缓冲液或柠檬酸盐缓冲液)中的脂质体。通常包含浓度在5-20mM范围内的缓冲盐在。
本发明的药物组合物pH值通常可以在5.0至9.5之间,例如6.0至8.0之间。
本发明的组合物可含有钠盐(如氯化钠)以产生张力。NaCl浓度通常为10±2mg/ml,例如约9mg/ml。
本发明的组合物可包含金属离子螯合剂。其可通过去除能促进磷酸二酯键水解的离子来延长RNA的稳定性。因此组合物可包含EDTA、EGTA、BAPTA、三胺五乙酸等其中的一种或多种。该螯合剂通常以10-500μM(例如0.1mM)存在。柠檬酸盐如柠檬酸钠也可作为螯合剂,同时也有助于提供缓冲活性。
本发明的药物组合物可具有200mOsm/kg至400mOsm/kg的渗透压,例如240至360mOsm/kg或290至310mOsm/kg。
本发明的药物组合物可包含一种或多种防腐剂,例如硫柳汞或2-苯氧乙醇。优选不含汞的组合物,并且可制备不含防腐剂的疫苗。
本发明的药物组合物优选无菌组合物。
本发明的药物组合物优选无热原组合物,如每剂量含有<1EU(内毒素单位,标准量度),且优选每剂量<0.1EU。
本发明的药物组合物优选不含谷蛋白。
本发明的药物组合物可以单位剂型制备。在一些实施方式中,单位剂量的体积可为0.1至1.0ml,例如约0.5ml。
所述组合物可以制备成溶液或悬浮液形式的注射剂。所述组合物可以制备成采用喷雾的肺部给药,例如通过吸入器。所述组合物可以制备成用于鼻部、耳部或眼部给药,例如作为喷雾剂或滴剂。通常为用于肌内给药的注射剂。
组合物包含免疫有效量的脂质体,以及按需的任何其它组分。“免疫有效量”指以一次剂量或一系列剂量的一部分给予个体的对治疗或预防有效的量。该量的变化取决于所治疗个体的健康和身体状况、年龄、所治疗个体的分类组(例如,非人的灵长动物、灵长动物等)、个体免疫系统合成抗体的能力、所需的保护程度、疫苗配方、治疗医生对医学情况的评估和其它相关因素。预计所述量将落入可通过常规试验测定的相对较宽范围内。本发明的组合物的脂质体和RNA含量通常按每剂量的RNA量表示。优选剂量含<100μg RNA(例如10至100μg,例如约10μg、25μg、50μg、75μg或100μg),但可见到相当低水平的表示,例如<1μg/剂、<100ng/剂、<10ng/剂、<1ng/剂等。
本发明还提供含有本发明药物组合物的递送装置(例如注射器、雾化器、喷雾器、吸入器、皮肤贴片等)。该装置可用于向脊椎动物患者给予所述组合物。
本发明的脂质体不含核糖体。
治疗方法和医学应用
相比参考文献12公开的颗粒,本发明的脂质体和药物组合物用于体内引起针对感兴趣的免疫原的免疫应答或基因治疗。
本发明还提供了引起脊椎动物免疫应答的方法,包括给予有效量的本发明脂质体或药物组合物的步骤。所述免疫应答优选为保护性的,并优选涉及抗体和/或细胞介导免疫。所述方法可以引起加强应答。
本发明还提供本发明脂质体或药物组合物在脊椎动物中引起免疫应答的方法的应用。
本发明还提供本发明脂质体或药物组合物在脊椎动物中基因治疗方法的应用。
本发明还提供本发明脂质体在制备在脊椎动物中引起免疫应答的药物中的应用。
通过这些应用和方法在脊椎动物中引起免疫应答,所述脊椎动物可受到抵御多种疾病和/或感染的保护,例如抵御上文所讨论的细菌和/或病毒疾病。所述脂质体和组合物有免疫原性,且更优选疫苗组合物。本发明的疫苗可以是预防性(即预防感染)或治疗性(即治疗感染)疫苗,但通常是预防性疫苗。
所述脊椎动物优选哺乳动物、例如人或大型兽类哺乳动物(例如马、牛、鹿、羊、猪)。当所述疫苗用于预防用途时,人优选儿童(如幼童或婴儿)或青少年;当疫苗用于治疗用途时,人优选青少年或成人。准备给予儿童的疫苗也可给予成年人,例如,为评估其安全性、剂量、免疫原性等。
根据本发明制备的疫苗可用于治疗儿童和成年人。因此,人患者可以小于1岁、小于5岁、1-5岁、5-15岁、15-55岁或至少55岁。接受疫苗的患者优选老年人(如>50岁、>60岁并优选>65岁),幼儿(如<5岁),住院病人、医护人员、武装人员和军人、孕妇、慢性病人或免疫缺陷病人。不过所述疫苗不仅适用于这些人群,还可用于更广泛的群体。
本发明的组合物通常直接给予患者。直接递送可通过胃肠道外注射(例如皮下、腹膜内、静脉内、肌内、皮内或向组织间隙递送;不同于参考文献,本发明通常不使用舌内注射)完成。替代的递送途径包括直肠、口服(例如片剂、喷雾)、口颊、舌下、阴道、局部、透皮或经皮、鼻内、眼部、耳部、肺部或其它粘膜给予。皮内和肌内给予是两种优选的途径。注射可以通过针头(例如皮下针头)进行,但也可以替代地采用无针注射。肌内剂量通常为0.5ml。
本发明可用于引起全身和/或粘膜免疫,优选引起增强的全身和/或粘膜免疫。
可以通过单剂量方案或多剂量方案进行给药。多剂量可以用于初次免疫方案和/或加强免疫方案。在多剂量方案中,可通过相同或不同的途径如外肠道起始和粘膜加强,粘膜起始和外肠道加强等给予不同剂量。多剂量的给予一般间隔至少1周(例如约2周、约3周、约4周、约6周、约8周、约10周、约12周、约16周等)。在一个实施方式中,多剂量的给予可在出生后约6周、10周和14周,例如在6周龄、10周龄和14周龄时,如世界卫生组织的扩大免疫规划(“EPI”)中常使用的频率。在替代实施方式中,间隔约两个月给予两个初次免疫剂量,例如间隔约7、8或9周,在给予第二个初次免疫剂量约6个月至1年后,例如给予第二个初次免疫剂量约6、8、10或12个月后,给予一个或多个加强免疫剂量。在另一个实施方式中,间隔约两个月给予三个初次免疫剂量,例如间隔约7、8或9周,在给予第三个初次免疫剂量约6个月至1年后,例如给予第三个初次免疫剂量约6、8、10或12个月后,给予一个或多个加强免疫剂量。
化学术语和定义
卤素
术语“卤素”(或“卤”)包括氟、氯、溴和碘。
烷基、亚烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基等
本文所用的术语“烷基”、“亚烷基”、“烯基”和“炔基”是指直链和支链的非环形式。其环类似物指环烷基等。
术语“烷基”包括单价的、直链或支链的、饱和的、非环状的烃基基团。在一个实施方式中,烷基是C1-10烷基,在另一个实施方式中是C1-6烷基,在另一个实施方式中是C1-4烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基或叔丁基基团。
术语“环烷基”包括单价的、饱和的、环状的烃基基团。在一个实施方式中,环烷基是C3-10环烷基,在另一个实施方式中是C3-6环烷基,例如环戊基和环己基。
术语“烷氧基”是指烷基-O-。
术语“烯基”包括单价、直链或支链、不饱和的、非环状的烃基基团,其具有至少一个碳碳双键,在一个实施方式中,没有碳碳三键。在一个实施方式中,烯基是C2-10烯基,在另一个实施方式中是C2-6烯基,在另一个实施方式中是C2-4烯基。
术语“环烯基”包括单价的、部分不饱和的、环状的烃基基团,其具有至少一个碳碳双键,在一个实施方式中,没有碳碳三键。在一个实施方式中,环烯基是C3-10环烯基,在另一个实施方式中是C5-10环烯基,例如环己基或苯并环己基。
术语“炔基”包括单价的、直链或支链的、不饱和的、非环状的烃基基团,其具有至少一个碳碳三键,在一个实施方式中,没有碳碳双键。在一个实施方式中,炔基是C2-10炔基,在另一个实施方式中是C2-6炔基,在另一个实施方式中是C2-4炔基。
术语“环炔基”包括单价的、部分不饱和的、环状的烃基基团,其具有至少一个碳碳三键,在一个实施方式中,没有碳碳双键。在一个实施方式中,环炔基是C3-10环烯基,在另一实施方式中是C5-10环炔基。
术语“亚烷基”包括二价的、直链或支链的、饱和的、非环状的烃基基团。在一个实施方式中,亚烷基是C1-10亚烷基,在另一个实施方式中是C1-6亚烷基,在另一个实施方式中是C1-4亚烷基,例如亚甲基、乙烯、正丙烯、异丙烯或叔丁烯基团。
术语“亚烯基”包括二价的、直链或支链的、不饱和的、非环状的烃基基团,其具有至少一个碳碳双键,在一个实施方式中,没有碳碳三键。在一个实施方式中,亚烯基是C2-10亚烯基,在另一个实施方式中是C2-6亚烯基,在另一个实施方式中是C2-4亚烯基。
术语“亚炔基”包括二价的、直链或支链的、不饱和的、非环状的烃基基团,其具有至少一个碳碳三键,在一个实施方式中,没有碳碳双键。在一个实施方式中,亚炔基是C2-10亚炔基,在另一个实施方式中是C2-6亚炔基,在另一个实施方式中是C2-4亚炔基。
杂烷基等
术语“杂烷基”包括烷基基团,该基团中多至6个碳原子,在一个实施方式中多至5个碳原子,在另一个实施方式中多至4个碳原子,在另一个实施方式中多至3个碳原子,在另一个实施方式中多至2个碳原子,在另一个实施方式中1个碳原子中的每个碳原子独立地被O、S(O)q、N、P(O)r或Si(并优选O、S(O)q或N)取代,前提是保留所述烷基碳原子中的至少一个。杂烷基基团可以是C-连接或杂-连接,即其可与该分子的其余部分通过碳原子或通过O、S(O)q、N、P(O)r或Si连接。
术语“杂环烷基”包括环烷基基团,该基团中多至6个碳原子,在一个实施方式中多至5个碳原子,在另一个实施方式中多至4个碳原子,在另一个实施方式中多至3个碳原子,在另一个实施方式中多至2个碳原子,在另一个实施方式中1个碳原子中的每个碳原子独立地被O、S(O)q或N取代,前提是保留所述环烷基碳原子中的至少一个。杂环烷基基团的示例包括:环氧乙烷基、环硫乙烷基、氮丙啶基、氧杂环丁烷基、硫杂环丁烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、四氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基、吡咯烷基、四氢吡喃基、四氢噻喃基、哌啶基、1,4-二烷基、1,4-氧硫杂环丁烷基、吗啉基、1,4-二噻烷基、哌嗪基、1,4-氮噻烷基、氧杂环庚烷基、硫杂环庚烷基、氮杂环庚烷基、1,4-二氧杂环庚烷基、1,4-氧硫杂环庚烷基、1,4-氧氮杂环庚烷基、1,4-二硫杂环庚烷基、1,4-硫氮杂环庚烷基和1,4-二氮杂环庚烷基。所述杂环烷基基团可为C-连接或N-连接,即其可与该分子的其余部分通过碳原子或通过氮原子连接。
术语“杂烯基”包括烯基基团,该基团中多至3个碳原子,在一个实施方式中多至2个碳原子,在另一个实施方式中1个碳原子中的每个碳原子独立地被O、S(O)q或N取代,前提是保留所述烯基碳原子中的至少一个。所述杂烯基基团可以是C-连接或杂-连接,即其可与该分子的其余部分通过碳原子或通过O、S(O)q或N连接。
术语“杂环烯基”包括环烯基基团,该基团中多至3个碳原子、在一个实施方式中多至2个碳原子、在另一个实施方式中1个碳原子中的每个碳原子独立地被O、S(O)q或N取代,前提是保留所述环烯基碳原子中的至少一个。杂环烯基基团的示例包括3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃基、5-6-二氢-2H-吡喃基、2H-吡喃基、1,2,3,4-四氢吡啶基和1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶基。所述杂环烯基基团可为C-连接或N-连接,即其可与该分子的其余部分通过碳原子或通过氮原子连接。
术语“杂炔基”包括炔基基团,该基团中多至3个碳原子、在一个实施方式中多至2个碳原子、在另一个实施方式中1个碳原子中的每个碳原子独立地被O、S(O)q或N取代,前提是保留所述炔基碳原子中的至少一个。所述杂炔基基团可以是C-连接或杂-连接,即其可与该分子的其余部分通过碳原子或通过O、S(O)q或N连接。
术语“杂环炔基”包括环炔基基团,该基团中多至3个碳原子,在一个实施方式中多至2个碳原子,在另一个实施方式中1个碳原子中的每个碳原子独立地被O、S(O)q或N取代,前提是保留所述环炔基碳原子中的至少一个。所述杂环烯基基团可为C-连接或N-连接,即其可与该分子的其余部分通过碳原子或通过氮原子连接。
术语“杂亚烷基”包括亚烷基基团,该基团中多至3个碳原子,在一个实施方式中多至2个碳原子,在另一个实施方式中1个碳原子中的每个碳原子独立地被O、S(O)q或N取代,前提是保留所述亚烷基碳原子中的至少一个。
术语“杂亚烯基”包括亚烯基基团,该基团中多至3个碳原子,在一个实施方式中多至2个碳原子,在另一个实施方式中1个碳原子中的每个碳原子独立地被O、S(O)q或N取代,前提是保留所述亚烯基碳原子中的至少一个。
术语杂“杂亚炔基”包括亚炔基基团,该基团中多至3个碳原子,在一个实施方式中多至2个碳原子,在另一个实施方式中1个碳原子中的每个碳原子独立地被O、S(O)q或N取代,前提是保留所述亚炔基碳原子中的至少一个。
芳基
术语“芳基”包括单价的、芳族的、环状烃基基团,例如苯基或萘基(例如1-萘基或2-萘基)。通常,所述芳基基团可以是单环或多环的稠环芳香族基团。优选的芳基是C6-C14芳基。
芳基的其它示例是以下物质的单价衍生物:醋蒽烯、苊烯、醋菲烯、蒽、甘菊环、草屈、晕苯、萤蒽、芴、不对称引达省、对称引达省、茚、萘、卵苯、二萘嵌苯、非那烯、菲、苉、七曜烯、芘、吡蒽和玉红省。
术语“芳基烷基”指带有芳基基团取代基的烷基,例如苄基。
术语“亚芳基”包括二价芳族的、环状的烃基基团,例如亚苯基。通常,所述亚芳基基团可以是单环或多环的稠环芳香族基团。优选的亚芳基是C6-C14亚芳基。亚芳基基团的其它示例是以下物质的二价衍生物:醋蒽烯、苊烯、醋菲烯、蒽、甘菊环、草屈、晕苯、萤蒽、芴、不对称引达省、对称引达省、茚、萘、卵苯、二萘嵌苯、非那烯、菲、苉、七曜烯、芘、吡蒽和玉红省。
杂芳基
术语“杂芳基”包括单价的、杂芳香族的、环状的烃基基团,该基团还含有一个或多个独立地选自O、S、N和NRN的杂原子,其中RN在下文中定义(且在一个实施方式中是H或烷基(例如C1-6烷基))。
通常,所述杂芳基基团可以是单环或多环(例如双环)的稠环杂芳香族基团。在一个实施方式中,杂芳基基团含有5-13个环成员(优选5-10个的成员)和1、2、3或4个独立地选自O、S、N和NRN的环杂原子。在一个实施方式中,杂芳基基团可以是5、6、9或10元环,例如5元单环、6元单环、9元稠环二环或10元稠环二环。
单环杂芳基基团包括含有5至6个环成员和选自O、S、N或NRN的1、2、3或4个杂原子的杂芳基基团。
在一个实施方式中,5元单环杂芳基基团含有1个环成员,该环成员是-NRN-基团、–O-原子或–S-原子以及任选地为=N-原子(此处5个环成员的其余部分为碳原子)的1-3个环成员(例如,1或2个环成员)。
5元单环杂芳基基团的示例是吡咯基、呋喃基、苯硫基、吡唑基、咪唑基、异唑基、唑基、异噻唑基、噻唑基、1,2,3三唑基、1,2,4三唑基、1,2,3二唑基、1,2,4二唑基、1,2,5二唑基、1,3,4二唑基、1,3,4噻二唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、1,3,5三嗪基、1,2,4三嗪基、1,2,3三嗪基和四唑基。
6元单环杂芳基基团的示例是吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基和吡嗪基。
在一个是实施方式中,6元单环杂芳基基团含有1或2个环成员,该环成员是=N-原子(此处6个环成员的其余部分为碳原子)。
双环杂芳基基团包括含有9至13个环成员和选自O、S、N或NRN的1、2、3、4或多个杂原子的杂芳基基团。
在一个实施方式中,9元双环杂芳基基团含有1个环成员,该环成员是-NRN-基团、–O-原子或–S-原子以及任选地可以是=N-原子(此处9个环成员的其余部分为碳原子)的1-3个环成员(例如,1或2个环成员)。
9元稠环双环杂芳基基团的示例是苯并呋喃基、苯并苯硫基、吲哚基、苯并苯并咪唑基、吲唑基、苯并三唑剂、吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶基、吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶基、吡咯并[3,2-c]吡啶基、吡咯并[3,2-b]吡啶基、咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶基、咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶基、吡唑并[4,3-d]吡啶基、吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶基、吡唑并[3,4-c]吡啶基、吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶基、异吲哚基、吲唑基、嘌呤基、吲哚啉基、咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶基、咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶基、吡唑并[1,2-a]吡啶基、吡咯并[1,2-b]哒嗪基和咪唑并[1,2-c]嘧啶基。
在一个实施方式中,10元双环杂芳基基团含有1-3个环成员,该环成员是=N-原子(此处10个环成员的其余部分为碳原子)。
10元稠环双环杂芳基基团的示例是喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、酞嗪基、1,6-萘啶基、1,7-萘啶基、1,8-萘啶基、1,5-萘啶基、2,6-萘啶基、2,7-萘啶基、吡啶并[3,2-d]嘧啶基、吡啶并[4,3-d]嘧啶基、吡啶并[3,4-d]嘧啶基、吡啶并[2,3-d]嘧啶基、吡啶并[2,3-b]吡嗪基、吡啶并[3,4-b]吡嗪基、嘧啶并[5,4-d]嘧啶基、吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪基和嘧啶并[4,5-d]嘧啶基。
术语“杂芳基烷基”指带有杂芳基基团取代基的烷基。
术语“杂亚芳基”包括二价的、杂芳族的、环状的烃基基团,该基团还包含一个或多个独立地选自O、S、N和NRN的杂原子,其中RN在下文中定义(且在一个实施方式中是H或烷基(例如C1-6烷基))。通常,所述杂亚芳基基团可以是单环或多环(例如双环)的稠环杂芳香族基团。在一个实施方式中,杂亚芳基基团包含5-13个环成员(优选5-10个成员)和1、2、3或4个独立地选自O、S、N和NRN的环杂原子。在一个实施方式中,杂亚芳基基团可以是5、6、9或10元环,例如5元单环、6元单环、9元稠环二环或10元稠环二环。术语“杂亚芳基”包括上述每种杂芳基基团的二价衍生物。
术语“芳基”、“芳香族的”、“杂芳基”和“杂芳香族的”也包括部分还原的基团。因此例如,“杂芳基”包括稠合类,其中的一个环被还原为饱和环(例如1,2,3,4-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)。
不存在的基团
当式(I)中的基团a、b、或c“不存在”,这是指代替地存在一个键,即,基团a、b或c任一边的两个基团互相连接。
概述
除非另有说明,本文中的基团组合指作为一部分,例如芳基烷基,所述部分通过最后提到的基团所含的原子与所述分子其余部分连接。
提及被O、S(O)q、N或P(O)r取代的烷基基团或其它基团的碳原子,意在说明:
取代(其中E不能是H);
–CH=被–N=或–P(O)r=取代;
≡C-H被≡N或≡P(O)r取代;或
–CH2–被–O–、–S(O)q–、–NRN–或–P(O)rRN–取代,其中RN是H或任选取代的C1-6烷基、C1-6杂烷基、C3-6环烷基、C3-6杂环烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6杂烯基、C3-6环烯基、C3-6杂环烯基、苯基、或含有5或6个环成员的杂芳基。RN优选H、C1-6烷基或C3-6环烷基。
q独立地是0、1或2。在一个实施方式中,q是0。
r独立地是0或1。在一个实施方式中,r是0。
提及被Si取代的碳原子,意在说明所述碳原子被替换成硅原子但键仍保持相同。因此例如,–CH2–被–SiH2–取代;–CH=被–SiH=取代;且≡C–H被≡Si–H取代。
需要说明的是,关于上面提及的含杂原子的基团(例如杂烷基等),当存在多个碳原子时,例如C3-6杂烷基,意在说明基于C3-6烷基的基团,其中3至6个链碳原子中的一个或多个被O、S(O)q或N取代。因此,C3-6杂烷基基团含有少于3至6个链碳原子。作为另一个示例,吡啶基基团即便含有5个碳原子,仍归类为C6杂芳基基团。
取代
本发明的化合物基团(例如烷基、环烷基、烷氧基、烯基、环烯基、炔基、亚烷基、亚烯基、杂烷基、杂环烷基、杂烯基、杂环烯基、杂炔基、杂亚烷基、杂亚烯基芳基、芳基烷基、芳基杂烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基或杂芳基杂烷基基团等)可以是取代或未取代的,在一个实施方式中是未取代的。通常取代涉及氢原子被取代基团概念性替代,或两个氢原子被=O替代。
在取代时,通常每个基团上有1至5个取代基,在一个实施方式中有1至3个取代基,在一个实施方式中有1或2个取代基,在一个实施方式中有1个取代基。在一个实施方式中,在一个原子上有多于一个的取代基,例如乙缩醛基团。
在一个实施方式中,所述取代基独立地为Sub1或Sub2(在一个实施方式中为Sub2),其中:
Sub1独立地为卤素、三卤代甲基、三卤代乙基、-NO2、-CN、-N+(Rs)2O-、-CO2H、-CO2Rs、-SO3H、-SORs、-SO2Rs、-SO3Rs、-OC(=O)ORs、-C(=O)H、-C(=O)Rs、-OC(=O)Rs、=O、-NRs 2、-C(=O)NH2、-C(=O)NRs 2、-N(Rs)C(=O)ORs、-N(Rs)C(=O)NRs 2、-OC(=O)NRs 2、-N(Rs)C(=O)Rs、-C(=S)NRs 2、-NRsC(=S)Rs、-SO2NRs 2、-NRsSO2Rs、-N(Rs)C(=S)NRs 2、-N(Rs)SO2NRs 2、-Rs or–ZsRs、其中;
Zs独立地为O、S或NRs;
Rs独立地为H或C1-6烷基、C1-6杂烷基、-(Alka)f-C3-6环烷基、-(Alka)f-C3-6杂环烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6杂烯基、-(Alka)f-C3-6环烯基、-(Alka)f-C3-6杂环烯基、C2-6炔基、C2-6杂炔基、-(Alka)f-C6-14芳基、-(Alka)f-C6-14芳基或-(Alka)f-杂芳基(其中杂芳基含5-13个环成员),其中
f是0或1;
Alka是C1-6亚烷基或C1-6杂亚烷基;且
Rs任选地被1至3个取代基Sub2取代(在一个实施方式中未被取代);
Sub2独立地为卤素、三卤代甲基、三卤代乙基、-NO2、-CN、-N+(C1-6烷基)2O-、-CO2H、-CO2C1-6烷基、-SO3H、-SOC1-6烷基、-SO2C1-6烷基、-SO3C1-6烷基、-OC(=O)OC1-6烷基、-C(=O)H、-C(=O)C1-6烷基、-OC(=O)C1-6烷基、=O、-N(C1-6烷基)2、-C(=O)NH2、-C(=O)N(C1-6烷基)2、-N(C1-6烷基)C(=O)O(C1-6烷基)、-N(C1-6烷基)C(=O)N(C1-6烷基)2、-OC(=O)N(C1-6烷基)2、-N(C1-6烷基)C(=O)C1-6烷基、-C(=S)N(C1-6烷基)2、-N(C1-6烷基)C(=S)C1-6烷基、-SO2N(C1-6烷基)2、-N(C1-6烷基)SO2C1-6烷基、-N(C1-6烷基)C(=S)N(C1-6烷基)2、-N(C1-6烷基)SO2N(C1-6烷基)2、-C1-6烷基、-C1-6杂烷基、-C3-6环烷基、-C3-6杂环烷基、-C2-6烯基、-C2-6杂烯基、-C3-6环烯基、-C3-6杂环烯基、-C2-6炔基、-C2-6杂炔基、-C6-14-芳基、-C5-13杂芳基、-Zt-C1-6烷基、-Zt-C3-6环烷基、–Zt-C2-6烯基、–Zt-C3-6环烯基或–Zt-C2-6炔基;且
Zt独立地为O、S、NH或N(C1-6烷基)。
虽然Sub1中的Rs可任选地被1至3个取代基Sub2取代,Sub2是未取代的。不过在一个实施方式中,Rs是未取代的。
在一个实施方式中,Rs是H或C1-6烷基,任选地被1至3个取代基Sub2取代。
在一个实施方式中,Sub2独立地为卤素、三卤代甲基、三卤代乙基、-NO2、-CN、-N+(C1-6烷基)2O-、-CO2H、-SO3H、-SOC1-6烷基、-SO2C1-6烷基、-C(=O)H、-C(=O)C1-6烷基、=O、-N(C1-6烷基)2、-C(=O)NH2、-C1-6烷基、-C3-6环烷基、-C3-6杂环烷基、–Zt-C1-6烷基或–Zt-C3-6环烷基。
在一个实施方式中,当取代基团为非环状的(例如烷基、杂烷基、烯基等),Sub1不是Rs且Sub2不是-C1-6烷基、-C1-6杂烷基、-C2-6烯基、-C2-6杂烯基、-C2-6炔基或-C2-6杂炔基。
非Sub2基团具有至少2个可被取代的位置时,该基团可被亚烷基、亚烯基、亚炔基、杂亚烷基、杂亚烯基、杂亚炔基链(在一个实施方式中含1至6个原子、在另一个实施方式中含3至6个原子,且在另一个实施方式中含3或4个原子)的两端取代以形成环状部分。该链任选地被1至3个取代基Sub2取代。在一个实施方式中该链未被取代。因此,术语任选取代的“环烷基”、“环烯基”、“环炔基”、“杂环烷基”、“杂环烯基”、“杂环炔基”、“芳基”和“杂芳基”包括稠合类。例如“任选取代的环烷基”包括其中两个环烷基环稠合的种类,且“任选取代的杂芳基”包括其中杂环烷基环与芳香族环稠合的种类(例如5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)。
非Sub2基团具有可被取代两次的原子时,该原子可被亚烷基、亚烯基、亚炔基、杂亚烷基、杂亚烯基、杂亚炔基链(在一个实施方式中含2至8个原子、在另一个实施方式中含3至6个原子,且在另一个实施方式中含4或5个原子)的两端取代以形成环状部分。该链任选地被1至3个取代基Sub2取代。在一个实施方式中该链未被取代。因此,术语任选取代的“环烷基”、“环烯基”、“环炔基”、“杂环烷基”、“杂环烯基”、“杂环炔基”、“芳基”和“杂芳基”包括螺类。
需要说明的是,当基团是杂原子时,取代基可与所述杂原子结合。因此例如,“任选取代的杂烷基”包括CH2–N(Sub1)–CH2–、–CH(Sub1)–NH–CH2–和–CH(Sub1)–N(Sub1)–CH2–等。
修饰术语
当列表前有修饰语时,意在理解为所述修饰语应用于所述列表中的每一项。例如,词组“任选取代的C3-20-杂环烷基、C3-20-杂环烯基、C3-20-杂环炔基或C5-20-杂芳基基团”是指该列表中四项中的每项,即C3-20-杂环烷基基团、C3-20-杂环烯基基团、C3-20-杂环炔基基团或C5-20-杂芳基基团可被任选取代。
当基团由第一修饰语描述,然后相同的基团由后续的修饰语描述,这说明该基团同时由两个修饰语描述。例如,如果基团被表述为“C3-20-杂环炔基”(第一修饰语)基团然后该相同的基团被表述为“C5-16”(后续的修饰语)基团,这说明它是C5-16杂环炔基基团。
类固醇
用于本文中的术语“类固醇”指包含以下结构(该结构在本文中指“类固醇骨架”)的任何基团。
仅为说明的目的,上面所绘制的类固醇骨架是完全饱和的。然而术语类固醇还意在涵盖其中的类固醇骨架是不饱和的例子。例如,术语类固醇涵盖包括完全饱和的(满环)基础骨架的基团,15H-环戊二烯并[a]菲:
术语类固醇还涵盖含部分不饱和的类固醇骨架的基团。
术语还分别涵盖类固醇骨架的“断(seco)”衍生物,即其中已发生环断裂的基团;其中涉及缩小和增大的类固醇骨架的“降(nor)”和“增(homo)”衍生物(参见有机化学系统命名法(Systemic Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry),D.Hellwinkel著,斯普林格(Springer)出版,ISBN:3-540-41138-0,第203页记载“断(seco)”和第204页记载“降(nor)”和“增(homo)”)。然而在一个实施方式中,术语“类固醇”不包括该断衍生物。然而在另一个实施方式中,术语“类固醇”不包括该降衍生物。然而在另一个实施方式中,术语“类固醇”不包括该增衍生物。因此在一个实施方式中,术语“类固醇”不包括该断、降和增衍生物。
术语类固醇还涵盖其中结构标记的类固醇骨架上的一个或多个碳原子被杂原子取代的例子。在一个这样的实施方式中,多至6个碳原子,在一个实施方式中多至5个碳原子,在另一个实施方式中多至4个碳原子,在另一个实施方式中多至3个碳原子,在另一个实施方式中多至2个碳原子,在另一个实施方式中1个碳原子中的每个碳原子独立地被O、S(O)q、N、P(O)r或Si(并优选O、S(O)q或N)取代。然而在一个实施方式中,术语“类固醇”包括其中“类固醇基础骨架”不含杂原子的种类。
类固醇环体系按以下习惯编号。
术语类固醇包括固醇、类固醇激素、胆汁酸和胆汁酸盐。固醇是在A环的3位具有羟基基团的任何固醇。
不饱和
根据标准用法,ω-3位指从链的(甲基)末端开始第三个键;ω-6位从链的(甲基)末端开始第六个键;ω-9位从链的(甲基)末端开始第九个键。
概述
除非另有说明,本发明的实施将采用本领域技术范围内的化学、生物化学、分子生物学、免疫学和药理学的常规方法。这些技术在文献中已有充分描述。参见例如,参考文献32-38等。
术语“包含”涵盖“包括”以及“由…组成”,例如,“包含”X的组合物可以仅由X组成或可以包括其它物质,例如X+Y。
与数值x相关的术语“约”是任选的并表示例如x±10%。
术语“基本上”不排除“完全”,如“基本上不含”Y的组合物可能完全不含Y。如有需要,“基本上”一词可以从本发明的定义中省略。
述及电荷、阳离子、阴离子、两性离子等,在pH7时获取。
TLR3是类Toll受体3。其为先天性免疫系统中发挥重要作用的单一的跨膜受体。已知的TLR3激动剂包括poly(I:C)。“TLR3”是编码该受体的基因的核准HGNC名称,其唯一的HGNC ID是HGNC:11849。人TLR3基因的RefSeq序列是GI:2459625。
TLR7是类Toll受体7。其为在先天性免疫系统中发挥重要作用的单一的跨膜受体。已知的TLR7激动剂包括例如咪喹莫特。“TLR7”是编码该受体的基因的核准HGNC名称,其唯一的HGNC ID是HGNC:15631。人TLR7基因的RefSeq序列是GI:67944638。
TLR8是类Toll受体8。其为在先天性免疫系统中发挥重要作用的单一的跨膜受体。已知的TLR8激动剂包括例如瑞喹莫德。“TLR8”是编码该受体的基因的核准HGNC名称,其唯一的HGNC ID是HGNC:15632。人TLR8基因的RefSeq序列是GI:20302165。
类RIG-I受体(“RLR”)家族包括先天性免疫系统中发挥重要作用的各种RNA解旋酶[39]。RLR-1(也称为RIG-I或视黄酸诱导型基因I)在N末端附近含两个半胱天冬酶募集结构域。编码RLR-1解旋酶的基因的核准HGNC名称是“DDX58”(相当于DEAD(Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp)盒多肽58),唯一的HGNC ID是HGNC:19102。人RLR-1基因的RefSeq序列是GI:77732514。RLR-2(也称为MDA5或黑瘤素分化相关基因5)也在N末端附近含两个半胱天冬酶募集结构域。编码RLR-2解旋酶的基因的核准HGNC名称是“IFIH1”(相当于解旋酶C结构域1诱导的干扰素),唯一的HGNC ID是HGNC:18873。人RLR-2基因的RefSeq序列是GI:27886567。RLR-3(也称为LGP2或遗传和生理学实验室2)有两个半胱天冬酶募集结构域。编码RLR-3解旋酶的基因的核准HGNC名称是“DHX58”(相当于DEXH(Asp-Glu-X-His)盒多肽58),唯一的HGNC ID是HGNC:29517。人RLR-3基因的RefSeq序列是GI:149408121。
PKP是双链RNA依赖性蛋白激酶。其在先天性免疫系统中发挥了重要作用。“EIF2AK2”(相当于真核翻译启动因子2-α激酶2)是编码酶的基因的核准HGNC名称,其唯一的HGNC ID是HGNC:9437。人PKR基因的RefSeq序列是GI:208431825。
附图说明
图1显示含有染色RNA的凝胶。泳道显示(1)标记物(2)裸复制子(3)经RNA酶处理的复制子(4)包埋在脂质体中的复制子(5)经RNA酶处理的脂质体(6)经RNA酶处理然后经苯酚/氯仿提取的脂质体。
图2是脂质体的电子显微镜照片。
图3显示在含多种阳离子脂质的脂质体中的RNA递送6天后的蛋白质表达(如相对光单位,RLU)。
图4显示含有染色RNA的凝胶。泳道显示(1)标记物(2)裸复制子(3)包埋在脂质体中的复制子(4)经RNA酶处理再经苯酚/氯仿提取的脂质体。
图5显示作为病毒颗粒包装复制子(方块)的、作为裸RNA(菱形)的或在脂质体中(+=0.1μg,x=1μg)的RNA递送1、3和6天后的蛋白表达。
图6显示4种不同剂量的脂质体包埋的RNA在递送1、3和6天后的蛋白表达。
图7显示接受病毒颗粒包装复制子(VRP或VSRP)、1μg裸RNA和1μg脂质体包埋的RNA的动物中抗F IgG的效价。
图8显示接受VRP、1μg裸RNA和0.1μg或1μg脂质体包埋的RNA的动物中抗F IgG的效价。
图9显示接受VRP或0.1g或1μg的任一剂量的脂质体包埋的RNA后的动物中的中和抗体效价。
图10显示作为裸RNA(圆圈)、脂质体包埋的RNA(三角和方块)或作为脂复合物(倒三角)的复制子递送后的表达水平。
图11显示作为裸RNA(0.01-1μg)、脂质体包埋的RNA(0.01-10μg)或作为病毒颗粒(VRP,106感染单位或IU)包装的复制子在递送后(给予第两剂量两周后)的F特异性IgG效价。
图12显示作为裸RNA(1μg)、脂质体包埋的RNA(0.1或1μg)或作为病毒颗粒(VRP,106IU)包装的复制子在递送后的F特异性IgG效价(圆圈)和PRNT效价(方块)。还显示了原初小鼠的效价。实线表示几何平均值。
图13显示给予第二剂量4周后用代表F蛋白中主要表位的合成肽再刺激后的胞内细胞因子的产生情况。Y轴显示CD8+CD4-的%细胞因子。
图14显示对第0和第21天的牛免疫接种63天后的F特异性IgG效价(log10效价平均值±标准偏差)。
具体实施方式
RNA复制子
使用以下多种复制子。通常这些复制子基于具有杂交α病毒基因组,其带有委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒(VEEV)的非结构蛋白、辛德毕斯病毒的包装信号和辛德毕斯病毒的3'UTR或VEEV突变体的。所述复制子长度约10kb并具有聚A尾。
将编码α病毒复制子(名为pT7-mVEEV-FL.RSVF或A317;pT7-mVEEV-SEAP或A306;pSP6-VCR-GFP或A50)的质粒DNA作为模板来体外合成RNA。所述复制子包含RNA复制所需的α病毒遗传元件但缺少编码颗粒装配所需的基因产品的序列;结构蛋白被感兴趣的蛋白(报告蛋白如SEAP或GFP,或免疫原如全长RSVF蛋白)取代,因此所述复制子不能诱导感染颗粒的产生。α病毒cDNA上游的噬菌体(T7或SP6)启动子促进所述复制子RNA体外合成,且紧邻聚(A)尾下游的丁型肝炎病毒(HDV)核酶通过其自切割活性产生校正的3’末端。
所述HDV核酶下游的质粒DNA用合适的限制性内切核酸酶线性化后,用T7或SP6噬菌体来源的DNA依赖性RNA聚合酶体外合成失控转录本。按照生产商(安碧公司(Ambion))提供的说明,在存在7.5mM(T7RNA聚合酶)或5mM(SP6RNA聚合酶)各三磷酸核苷(ATP、CTP、GTP和UTP)时,于37℃转录2小时。转录后,用TURBO DNA酶(安碧公司)消化模板DNA。用LiCl沉淀所述复制子RNA并在无核酸酶的水中重建。按照使用手册利用ScriptCap m7G加帽系统(ScriptCap m7G Capping System)(艾比森得生物技术公司(EpicentreBiotechnologies))用牛痘加帽酶(Vaccinia Capping Enzyme)(VCE)在转录后对未加帽的RNA加帽;采用该方法加帽的复制子标有“v”前缀,例如vA317是经VCE加帽的A317复制子。转录后加帽的RNA用LiCl沉淀并在无核酸酶的水中重建。通过测量OD260nm来测定RNA样品浓度。体外转录本的完整性通过变性琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证。
基于DlinDMA的脂质体中的包埋
将RNA包埋于主要通过参考文献7和40的方法所制备的脂质体中。所述脂质体由10%DSPC(两性离子)、40%DlinDMA(阳离子)、48%胆固醇和2%PEG结合的DMG(2kDa PEG)制成。这些比例指总脂质体中的摩尔百分比。
采用参考文献2的方法合成DlinDMA(1,2-二油酰-N,N-二甲基-3-氨基丙烷)。DSPC(1,2-二硬质酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸酰胆碱)购自健赞公司(Genzyme)。胆固醇获自西格玛-奥德里奇公司(Sigma-Aldrich)。PEG结合的DMG(1,2-二肉豆蔻酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸酰乙醇胺-N-[甲氧基(聚乙二醇),铵盐)、DOTAP(1,2-二油酰-3-三甲基铵-丙烷,氯化盐)和DC-胆固醇(3β-[N-(N',N'-二甲基氨基乙烷)-氨甲酰基]盐酸胆固醇)来自阿凡提极性脂质公司(Avanti Polar Lipids)。
简单来说,将脂质溶于乙醇(2ml),将RNA复制子溶于缓冲剂(2ml,100mM柠檬酸钠,pH6),并将它们在2ml缓冲剂中混合,然后平衡1小时。将该混合物用6ml缓冲剂稀释然后过滤。得到的产物含有脂质体,包埋效率为大约95%。图2显示通过该方法制得的示例性脂质体电子显微镜照片。这些脂质体含有包埋的编码全长RSVF抗原的RNA。一个批料的动态光散射显示平均直径为141nm(Zav,强度)或78nm(数目)。
在一个具体的包埋方法中,在乙醇中制备新鲜脂质母液。称量37mg DlinDMA、11.8mg DSPC、27.8mg胆固醇和8.07mgPEG结合的DMG并溶于7.55mL乙醇中。使用三种不同的结合用PEG:PEG-1000、PEG-2000或PEG-3000。37℃温和摇动新鲜配制的脂质母液约15分钟以形成均质混合物。然后将226.7μL该母液加入1.773mL乙醇中形成2mL工作脂质母液。同样用约1μg/μL母液在100mM柠檬酸缓冲液(pH6)中制备2mL RNA工作液。使用前用RNA酶去除(RNase Away)液冲洗3个20mL的玻璃瓶(有搅拌棒)并用大量MilliQ水清洗以去除瓶的RNA酶污染。其中一个瓶用于所述RNA工作液,其他的用于收集所述脂质和RNA混合物(如下所述)。将工作脂质和RNA溶液在37℃加热10分钟,然后装入3cc鲁尔接口注射器中。将2mL柠檬酸缓冲剂(pH6)加入另一3cc注射器中。将含有RNA和所述脂质的注射器用FEP管(氟化乙烯-丙烯;所有使用的FEP管内径为2mm,外径为3mm;获自艺达思健康科学公司(Idex HealthScience))与T混合器(T mixer)(PEEKTM500μm ID接头)相连接。T混合器的出口也是FEP管。含有柠檬酸缓冲剂的第三个注射器连接到管的分离部分。然后使用注射泵以7mL/分钟的流速驱动所有注射器。该管出口放置成所述混合物收集到20mL玻璃瓶中(搅拌时)。取出搅拌棒并将乙醇/水性溶液室温平衡1小时。将4mL混合物装入连接部分FEP管的5cc注射器中,在另一个连有等长FEP管的5cc注射器中装入等量100mM柠檬酸缓冲液(pH6)。用注射泵以7mL/分钟的流速驱动所述两个注射器,并将最终混合物收集到20mL玻璃瓶中(搅拌时)。之后,将第二混合步骤(脂质体)收集的混合物通过Mustang Q膜(结合并移除阴离子分子的阴离子交换支持物,获自波乐公司(Pall Corporation))。将该膜用于所述脂质体前,用4mL的1MNaOH、4mL的1M NaCl和10mL的100mM柠檬酸缓冲液(pH6)依次通过该膜。将该脂质体在37℃加热10分钟然后通过该膜。之后,将脂质体浓缩到2mL并通过切向流过滤用10-15体积1×PBS进行透析。所述TFF系统和中空纤维素过滤膜购自斯派实验室(Spectrum Labs)(加利福尼亚州多明格斯牧场(Rancho Dominguez,CA))并按照生产商指南使用。使用100kD孔径截止值和8cm2表面积的聚砜中空纤维素过滤膜。体外和体内实验中,制剂用1X PBS稀释到所需的RNA浓度。
按照制造商的说明利用Quant-iT RiboGreen RNA试剂盒(英杰公司(Invitrogen))测定包埋的RNA和RNA的百分比浓度。使用试剂盒提供的核糖体RNA标准以产生标准曲线。加入染料前,用1×TE缓冲剂(来自试剂盒)将脂质体稀释10倍或100倍。单独地,加入染料(以破坏脂质体从而测定全RNA)前将脂质体在含0.5%Triton X的1×TE缓冲剂中稀释10倍或100倍。之后向每份溶液中加入等量染料,然后在加入染料后将每份溶液180μL一式两份加到96孔组织培养板上。在酶标仪上读取荧光值(激发485nm,发射528nm)。所有脂质体制剂基于RNA的包埋量体内给予。
为获得较小的脂质体,用将脂质和RNA溶液在微流体芯片的管道中混合的方法代替所述注射器/管的方法。在乙醇中配制新鲜的脂质母液。称量37mg DlinDMA、11.8mgDSPC、27.8mg胆固醇和8.07mg PEG-DMG并溶于7.55mL乙醇中。37℃温和摇动新鲜配制的脂质母液约15分钟以形成均质混合物。然后将226.7μL所述母液加入1.773mL乙醇中形成2mL工作脂质母液。同样用约1μg/μL母液在100mM柠檬酸缓冲液(pH6)中制备4mL RNA工作液使用前用RNA酶去除(RNase Away)液冲洗4个20mL的玻璃瓶(带搅拌棒)并用大量MilliQ水清洗以去除瓶的RNA酶污染。其中两个玻璃瓶用于RNA工作溶液(每瓶2mL),其它的玻璃瓶用于收集脂质和RNA混合物。工作脂质和RNA溶液在37℃加热10分钟,然后在装入3cc鲁尔接口(luer-lok)注射器中。通过(Syrris)4-通道边缘接触器(4-way edge connector)将含有RNA和所述脂质的注射器连接到采用PTFE管0.03英寸ID x1/16英寸OD的Mitos液滴接口芯片(获自Syrris公司的玻璃微流体装置,产品编号:3000158)。通过注射器泵驱动两个RNA流和一个脂质流,并在芯片X接口(100μm x105μm)处进行乙醇和水相的混合。三个物流的流速都保持在1.5mL/分钟,因此总水流与乙醇流度之比为2:1。所述管出口放置成所述混合物收集到20mL玻璃瓶中(搅拌时)。取出搅拌棒并将乙醇/水性溶液室温平衡1小时。然后将所述混合物装入5cc注射器中,该注射器订制成PTFE管的一部分0.03英寸ID×1/16英寸OD,且在另一个与等长PTFE管连接的5cc注射器中装入等体积的100mM柠檬酸缓冲液(pH6)。用注射泵以3mL/分钟的流速驱动所述两个注射器,并将最终混合物收集到20mL玻璃瓶中(搅拌时)。之后,将脂质体浓缩到2mL并通过TFF系统用10-15体积1×PBS进行透析,然后回收终产物。使用100kD孔径截止值和20cm2表面积的中空纤维素过滤膜。体外和体内实验中,制剂用1×PBS稀释到所需的RNA浓度。通过注射器/管方法用75μg RNA制备的脂质体具有148nm的Z平均直径和0.122的多分散性指数,芯片混合制得的脂质体具有97nm的Z平均直径和0.086的多分散性指数。包埋的RNA的比例从90%略微下降至87%。
脂质体包埋显示保护RNA免受RNA酶消化。实验采用3.8mAU的RNA酶A每微克RNA,在室温孵育30分钟。用蛋白水解酶K在55℃处理10分钟使RNA酶失活。然后在1:1v/v样品混合物中加入25:24:1v/v/v的苯酚:氯仿:异戊醇,以从脂质中提取RNA到水相中。然后将样品涡旋混合数秒,然后将其置于离心机中12k RPM离心15分钟。去除水相(包含RNA)并用于分析RNA。上样(400ng RNA/孔)前,所有样品和甲醛上样染料一起孵育,65℃变性10分钟并冷却至室温。采用安碧Millennium标记来估算RNA构建体的分子量。在90V跑胶。根据制造商的指示下在室温摇动1小时使用0.1%SYBR金在水中对凝胶染色。图1显示不存在包埋物时RNA酶完全消化RNA(泳道3)。包埋后无法检测到RNA(泳道4),且当这些脂质体经RNA酶处理也没有发现变化(泳道4)。RNA酶处理过的脂质体经苯酚提取后,可观察到未消化的RNA(泳道6)。即使在4℃保存1周后可观察到该RNA没有任何断裂。在4℃保存6周并经过一轮冷冻-融化循环后体内蛋白表达无变化。因此脂质体包埋的RNA很稳定。
为评估RNA的体内表达,复制子不编码免疫原而编码报告酶(SEAP,分泌型碱性磷酸酶)。使用化学发光碱金属磷酸盐底物在经1×Phospha-Light稀释缓冲液以1:4稀释的血清中测定表达水平。在第0天以0.1μg或1μgRNA剂量向8-10周龄BALB/c小鼠(5个/每组)每条腿肌内注射50μl。同样给予1μg无脂质体的相同载体(无RNA酶的1×PBS中)。也测定病毒颗粒包装的复制子。通过参考文献41的方法获得用于本文的病毒颗粒包装的复制子(称为“VRPs”),其中α病毒复制子衍生自突变VEEV或衍生自VEEV基因组的嵌合体,该VEEV基因组经工程改造含有辛德比斯病毒3'UTR和辛德比斯病毒包装信号(PS),并通过以下方法包装:将其共电穿孔导入含编码辛德比斯病毒质粒和糖蛋白基因的缺陷性辅助RNA的BHK细胞。
如图5所示,以1μg剂量包埋提高约的SEAP水平,在第6天0.1μg包埋剂量的表达与1μg未包埋剂量所观察到的水平相当。到第3天表达水平超过VRP所达到的水平(方块)。因此当RNA配制到脂质体中时,表达相比裸RNA对照其得到提高,甚至在10×的较低剂量。表达也高于VRP对照,但表达动力学差别很大(见图5)。采用电穿孔递送RNA导致表达相比裸RNA对照得到提高,但该水平低于采用脂质体的水平。
为评估脂质体组的效果是否仅仅是由于脂质体组分还是与包埋有关,将所述复制子以包埋的形式给予(用两种不同的纯化方案,0.1μg RNA),或与脂质体混合在形成后(非包埋“脂质复合物”,0.1μg RNA)给予,或以裸RNA(1μg)给予。图10显示所述脂质复合物表达水平最低,表明包埋对于有效表达是必需的。
其它SEAP实验显示体内明显的剂量应答,以少至1ng的RNA递送后还可观察到表达(图6)。比较包埋和裸复制子表达的其它实验表明0.01μg包埋的RNA相当于1μg裸RNA。0.5μg的RNA剂量时包埋物质在第6天的表达高出12倍;0.1μg剂量时在第6天的水平高出24倍。
除了在组中观察平均水平,还研究单个动物。数个动物对裸复制子无应答,包埋则消减了无应答者。
其它实验中用DOTAP(“RV13”)替代DlinDMA。虽然DOTAP脂质体相比裸复制子得到较好的表达,但比DlinDMA脂质体差(第1天有2到3倍的差异)。
为体内评估免疫原性,构建复制子以表达呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)的全长F蛋白。在第0天后第21天将其以裸的(1μg)、包埋在脂质体中(0.1或1μg)、或包装在病毒颗粒中(106IU;“VRP”)递送。图7显示给予第二剂量两周后的抗FIgG效价,并且脂质体明显增强免疫原性。图8显示2周后的效价,此时0.1μg包埋RNA、1μg包埋RNA或VRP组之间无统计差异性。给予第2剂量2周后,这三组的中和效价(以60%空斑减少测量,“PRNT60”))无显著差异性(图9)。图12显示给予第二剂量4周后IgG和PRNT效价。
图13证实所述RNA引起强烈的CD8T细胞应答。
其它实验比较了接受VRP、0.1μg脂质体包埋的RNA或1μg脂质体包埋的RNA的小鼠中F特异性IgG效价。以下为给予第二剂量后不同时间的效价比例(VRP:脂质体):
2周 | 4周 | 8周 | |
0.1μg | 2.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 |
1μg | 2.3 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
因此脂质体包埋的RNA诱导基本上与通过病毒颗粒递送相同水平的免疫应答。
其它实验显示10μg剂量产生较强的F特异性IgG应答,1μg和0.1μg剂量产生等同的应答,0.01μg剂量产生较低应答。图11显示以3种不同剂量接受裸复制子形式复制子,以4种不同剂量接受脂质体形式的复制子或以VRP形式(106IU)的复制子的小鼠中IgG效价。相比VRP,1μg脂质体包埋的RNA表现出的应答统计学不显著(ANOVA),但相对其它两组10μg脂质体包埋的RNA表现出的较高应答统计学显著(p<0.05)。
其它实验证实,0.1μg脂质体包埋的RNA得到远高于0.1μg递送的DNA的抗F IgG应答(第二剂量15天后),免疫原性甚至强于20μg通过电穿孔(ElgenTM DNA递送系统,Inovio公司(ElgenTMDNA Delivery System,Inovio))递送的编码F抗原的质粒DNA。
使用棉鼠(刚毛棉花鼠(Sigmodon hispidis))取代小鼠进行进一步研究。1μg剂量时脂质体包埋相比裸RNA提高F特异性IgG效价8.3倍,并提高中和效价9.5倍(以PRNT60测定)。抗体应答的强度等同于由5×106IU VRP诱导的强度。裸RNA和脂质体包埋的RNA都能保护棉鼠免受RSV激发(1×105空斑形成单位),降低肺病毒载量至少3.5log。包埋提高约2倍的降低。
在牛中进行大型动物实验。用66μg配制在脂质体中的编码全长RSV F蛋白的复制子在第0天和第21天免疫接种牛。单一的PBS作为阴性对照,批准疫苗作为阳性对照(来自Fort Dodge公司的“三角4”(“Triangle4”),含有灭活病毒)。图14显示从第一次免疫接种起算的63天期间的F-特异性IgG效价。所述RNA复制子在牛中产生免疫原性,虽然给出的效价低于批准疫苗的效价。所有接种疫苗的牛在接受第二次剂量后显示F特异性抗体,且在接受第二次剂量后的2至6周期间效价很稳定(且RNA疫苗特别稳定)。
使用替代的阳离子脂质进行脂质体包埋
作为使用DlinDMA的替代方式,使用参考文献8中的阳离子脂质。这些脂质可根据参考文献8公开的内容合成。
上述使用DlinDMA形成的脂质体是指下文中的“RV01”系列。用下文所述系列“RV02”至“RV12”中的各种阳离子脂质替代DlinDMA。使用2%
PEG2000-DMG以及(01)40%阳离子脂质、10%DSPC和48%胆固醇,或(02)60%阳离子脂质和38%胆固醇形成每种脂质体的两种不同类型。因此(01)和(02)脂质体的比较显示中性的两亲性脂质体的作用。
使用以下阳离子脂质制备RV02脂质体:
使用以下阳离子脂质制备RV03脂质体:
使用以下阳离子脂质制备RV04脂质体:
使用以下阳离子脂质制备RV05脂质体:
使用以下阳离子脂质制备RV06脂质体:
使用以下阳离子脂质制备RV07脂质体:
使用以下阳离子脂质制备RV08脂质体:
使用以下阳离子脂质制备RV09脂质体:
使用以下阳离子脂质制备RV10脂质体:
使用以下阳离子脂质制备RV11脂质体:
使用以下阳离子脂质制备RV12脂质体:
使用以下阳离子脂质(DOTAP,为比较的目的)制备RV13脂质体:
使用以下阳离子脂质(DC-胆固醇,为了比较)制备RV14脂质体:
使用以下阳离子脂质制备RV15脂质体:
用上述的SEAP报告子测定这些脂质体。以下表格显示所述脂质体尺寸(Z均值和多分散性指数)、每种脂质体的RNA包埋的百分比以及注射后第1天和第6天检测的SEAP活性。由DlinDMA、胆固醇和PEG-DMG制成的“RV01(02)””脂质体的SEAP活性:
图3表明在第6天观察到的SEAP表达水平。RV04、RV05、RV07、RV08、RV09和RV11观察到最佳结果。
这些脂质中的多种也被用于递送编码全长RSV F蛋白的复制子。一个实验比较了RV01、RV05和RV13;采用RV01时观察到最高F特异性血清IgG效价,采用RV13观察到的最低。另一个实验比较了RV01、RV02、RV04和RV07;采用RV01时再次观察到最佳结果,而RV07表现不佳。另一个实验比较了RV01、RV03、RV08、RV09和RV14;采用RV01时再次观察到最佳结果,而RV03和RV14表现不佳。另一个实验比较了RV01、RV10、RV11和RV15;采用RV01时再次观察到最佳结果。总而言之,采用RV01、RV05、RV08和RV09时观察到最佳结果,而RV13(DOTAP)和RV14(DC-胆固醇)表现不佳。
因此并非所有脂质体都能有效引起免疫应答。但总的来说,当脂质体中的阳离子脂质pKa范围在5.0至7.6,特别是在5.5至6.7、5.6至6.3、5.6至6.0或5.7至5.9时被观察到表现出最佳免疫功效。
BHK表达
将含不同脂质的脂质体和BHK细胞一起过夜孵育并评估蛋白表达功效。由RV05脂质的基线可知,通过对脂质体加入10%1,2-二植烷酰sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰乙醇胺(DPyPE)表达可提高18倍或通过加入10%18:2(顺式)磷脂酰胆碱可提高10倍。总而言之,体内实验表明不饱和脂质尾部倾向于增强针对所编码抗原引起的IgG效价。
RSV免疫原
通过在第0天和第21天仅用所述复制子(1μg)或以RV05或(为了比较)RV01或RV13配制的脂质体双侧肌内接种疫苗(每条腿50μL),对BALB/c小鼠(每组4或8个)给予编码RSVF蛋白的vA317自复制复制子。RV01脂质体具有40%DlinDMA、10%DSPC、48%胆固醇和2%PEG-DMG,但具有不同含量的RNA。RV05脂质体具有40%RV05、10%DSPC、48%胆固醇和2%PEG-DMG或60%RV05、38%胆固醇和2%PEG-DMG。RV13脂质体具有40%DOTAP、10%DOPE、48%胆固醇和2%PEG-DMG。使用多种技术制备所述脂质体。为作比较,使用电子穿孔或采用RV01(10)脂质体(0.1μg DNA)递送编码相同RSV-F抗原的裸质粒DNA(20μg)。将4只小鼠作为原初对照组。
Z平均粒径和多分散指数为:
在第14天、36天和49天收集血清用于抗体分析。在第49天收集小鼠的脾脏用于T细胞分析。
以下是F特异性血清IgG效价(GMT):
因此,根据测定所提高的F特异性IgG效价和T细胞频率,与裸RNA对照相比脂质体制剂显著提高了免疫原性。以脂质体配制的质粒DNA或通过电穿孔裸露递送,其免疫原性都显著低于脂质体配制的自复制RNA。
不同小鼠系中的RSV免疫原性
复制子“vA142”编码RSV的全长野生型表面融合(F)糖蛋白但所带融合肽被删除,而且3'端通过核酶介导切割所形成。在三种不同的小鼠系中测试。
在第0天和第22天对BALB/c小鼠进行两侧肌内免疫接种(每条腿50μL)。将动物分成8个测试组(每组5只动物)和对照组(2只动物):
组1给予裸复制子(1μg)。
组2给予1μg以脂质体“RV01(37)”递送的复制子,该脂质体含40%DlinDMA、10%DSPC、48%胆固醇、2%PEG结合的DMG。
组3给予和组2相同的物质,但以0.1μgRNA递送。
组4给予1μg“RV05(11)”脂质体(40%RV05脂质、30%18:2PE(DLoPE、28%胆固醇、2%PEG-DMG)中的复制子。
组5给予5μg含氢氧化铝佐剂的RSV-F亚基蛋白。
组6为原初对照(2只动物)。
在第14天、35天和49天收集血清用于抗体分析。F特异性血清IgG GMT为:
天数 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
14 | 82 | 2463 | 1789 | 1171 | 1293 | 5 |
35 | 1538 | 34181 | 25605 | 13718 | 73809 | 5 |
以下为在第35天的F特异性IgG1和IgG2a效价(GMT):
IgG | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
IgG1 | 94 | 6238 | 4836 | 8288 | 78604 |
IgG2a | 5386 | 77064 | 59084 | 14437 | 24 |
以下是在第35天和第49天RSV血清中和抗体效价(数据为2-5只小鼠的收集池中60%空斑减少中和效价,每组一个收集池):
天数 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
35 | <20 | 143 | 20 | 32 | 111 | <20 |
49 | <20 | 139 | <20 | 41 | 1009 | <20 |
在第49天收集脾脏用于T细胞分析。以下是平均净F特异性细胞因子阳性T细胞频率(CD4+或CD8+),其中只显示统计学显著大于0的数值(对RSV肽F51-66、F164-178、F309-323特异性的CD4+,或对肽F85-93和F249-258特异性的CD8+):
用相同方法使C57BL/6小鼠产生免疫,但第7组接受VRP(1x106IU),该VRP表达RSV的全长野生型表面融合糖蛋白(删除融合肽)。
在第14天、35天和49天收集血清用于抗体分析。F特异性IgG效价(GMT)为:
天数 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
14 | 1140 | 2133 | 1026 | 3045 | 2975 | 5 | 1101 |
35 | 1721 | 5532 | 3184 | 9525 | 39251 | 5 | 12139 |
以下为在第35天的F特异性IgG1和IgG2a效价(GMT):
IgG | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
IgG1 | 66 | 247 | 14 | 468 | 56258 | 79 |
IgG2a | 2170 | 7685 | 5055 | 1573 | 35 | 14229 |
以下是在第35天和第49天的RSV血清中和抗体效价(数据为2-5只小鼠的收集池中60%空斑减少中和效价,每组一个收集池):
天数 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
35 | <20 | 27 | 29 | 36 | 28 | <20 | <20 |
49 | <20 | 44 | 30 | 36 | 33 | <20 | 37 |
在第49天收集脾脏用于T细胞分析。以下是平均净F特异性细胞因子阳性T细胞频率(CD8+),其中只显示统计学显著性大于0的数值(对RSV肽F85-93和F249-258特异性):
用相同方法使9组C3H/HeN小鼠产生免疫。F特异性IgG效价(GMT)为:
天数 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
14 | 5 | 2049 | 1666 | 298 | 3519 | 5 | 806 |
35 | 152 | 27754 | 19008 | 3424 | 62297 | 5 | 17249 |
以下为在第35天的F特异性IgG1和IgG2a效价(GMT):
IgG | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
IgG1 | 5 | 1323 | 170 | 136 | 83114 | 189 |
IgG2a | 302 | 136941 | 78424 | 15667 | 3800 | 72727 |
以下是第35天和49天的RSV血清中和抗体效价:
天数 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
35 | <20 | 539 | 260 | 101 | 443 | <20 | 595 |
49 | <20 | 456 | 296 | 82 | 1148 | <20 | 387 |
因此在三种不同的近交小鼠系中测试不同脂质(RV01和RV05;pKa5.8和5.85)。对于BALB/c和C3H系,RV05不及RV01有效,但其在B6系中更有效。然而在所有情况下,所述脂质体比两种平行测试中的阳离子纳米乳液更有效。
棉鼠
也用由以下物质形成的脂质体在棉鼠中测试vA142复制子:
(a)40%DlinDMA、10%DPSC、48%胆固醇和2%PEG DMG2000。
(b)40%RV05、30%DLoPE(18:2PE)、28%胆固醇和2%PEG DMG2000。使用以下物质在第0天和第21天对棉鼠(每组4-8只动物)肌内接种疫苗(每条腿100μL):
组1配制在脂质体(a)中的自复制RNA(vA142,0.1μg,RSV-F)
组2配制在脂质体(b)中的自复制RNA(vA142,0.1μg,RSV-F)
组3配制在脂质体(a)中的自复制RNA(vA142,1μg,RSV-F)
组4配制在脂质体(b)中的自复制RNA(vA142,1μg,RSV-F)
组5表达RSV全长野生型表面F糖蛋白的VRP(1x106IU)
组6含氢氧化铝佐剂的RSV-F亚单位蛋白疫苗(5μg)
组7原初对照(3只动物)
在第49天(第二次接种疫苗4周后)用5μgF亚单位和氢氧化铝对所有棉鼠(除了组7)接种疫苗。
在第0天、21天、35天、49天、64天收集血清用于抗体分析。
以下是F特异性血清IgG效价(GMT)。
组 | 第21天 | 第35天 | 第49天 | 第64天 |
1 | 112 | 1403 | 943 | 15123 |
2 | 49 | 1008 | 513 | 15308 |
3 | 558 | 3938 | 2383 | 16563 |
4 | 342 | 3207 | 2151 | 24494 |
5 | 1555 | 7448 | 4023 | 25777 |
6 | 8425 | 81297 | 54776 | 82911 |
7 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
以下是RSV血清中和抗体效价:
组 | 第21天 | 第35天 | 第49天 | 第64天 |
1 | 26 | 162 | 58 | 1772 |
2 | 27 | 371 | 163 | 2449 |
3 | 66 | 788 | 306 | 161 |
4 | 75 | 448 | 201 | 5733 |
5 | 137 | 2879 | 1029 | 1920 |
6 | 307 | 2570 | 1124 | 2897 |
7 | 10 | - | - | 10 |
因此用vA142复制子对棉鼠接种疫苗,该复制子以RV01或RV05配制并以两个剂量给予(1.0和0.1μg)。在第一次接种复制子疫苗后,采用RV01的F特异性血清IgG效价高于采用RV05的所述效价,但中和效价大约相同。在第21天通过同源的第二次疫苗接种加强所有组的效价。第二次复制子接种后,采用RV01的F特异性血清IgG效价还是高于采用RV05的所述效价,且RSV中和效价通常跟随该相同趋势。
在先前接种蛋白质的棉鼠中,在第49天接种蛋白没有加强抗体效价,但先前以RNA接种疫苗的棉鼠中的效价有较大增强。采用RV05在第64天的效价(总IgG和中和效力)高于采用RV01的所述效价。
含vA317RSV复制子的不同阳离子脂质
其它实验比较了四种不同阳离子脂质(RV01、RV02、RV04和RV07)。所有脂质含有2%PEG-DMG2000但其余脂质组分发生变化。以下为组分和物理特性:
为比较免疫原性,还用相同的组分以相同的比例,但用制造商的非扩展方法(但更快),采用RV01制备HT、SUV和MLV脂质体。简单来说,制备含37mg/ml DLinDMA、12mg/mlDSPC、28mg/ml胆固醇和8mg/ml PEG DMG2000的乙醇母液。在总体积1ml的乙醇中稀释100μl母液。利用旋转蒸发仪以150毫托压力于50℃蒸发乙醇30分钟制备脂质体。通过将该样品在冻干机上真空存放过夜来保证残余乙醇的蒸发。通过添加1.0mL过滤的去离子蒸馏水使脂质膜发生水合并分散,并将其置于50℃以确保脂质进入MLV中完全悬浮。从MLV中移除一整份然后用探头式超声器超声处理1秒钟并在100%功率处理5分钟以形成SUV。得到的两种溶液都与复制子RNA复合。使用含37mg/ml DLinDMA、12mg/ml DSPC、28mg/ml胆固醇和8mg/mlPEG DMG2000的乙醇母液制备HT脂质体。用乙醇将100μl母液稀释至400μl。在持续搅拌下将得到的乙醇溶液逐滴加到600μl的pH6.5且含有RNA的10mM柠檬酸缓冲液。使用10,000MWCO透析膜将得到的溶液在4L PBS缓冲液中过夜透析。
在第0天和第21天用裸复制子(1μg)或0.1μg包埋的RNA对BALB/c小鼠(每组8只)双侧肌内接种疫苗(每条腿50μL)。以下是两次注射2周后的F特异性血清IgG效价(GMT):
脂质体 | 第14天 | 第35天 |
裸A317RNA | 111 | 469 |
A | 1834 | 30519 |
B | 1050 | 5681 |
C | 430 | 4127 |
D | 779 | 4693 |
E | 586 | 6424 |
F | 121 | 2568 |
HT | 3878 | 19982 |
MLV | 1381 | 49480 |
SUV | 4158 | 37526 |
对于RV07DSPC的缺失导致免疫原性大大降低。
用相同的方法测试其它脂质(RV01、RV03、RV08、RV09、RV14)。
脂质体 | 第14天 | 第35天 |
裸A317RNA | 35 | 457 |
G | 2421 | 10757 |
H | 15 | 52 |
I | 16 | 85 |
J | 991 | 1921 |
K | 7 | 610 |
L | 1082 | 1421 |
M | 146 | 286 |
N | 27 | 212 |
O | 4695 | 19773 |
脂质体N(含DC.胆固醇)表现不佳,甚至低于裸RNA对照。相比之下,剩余的阳离子脂质得到有用的结果。用不同于脂质体G的混合方法(微流体芯片)制备脂质体O,并且该较小的脂质体得到好于近乎相同包埋的结果。
用相同的方法测试其它脂质(RV01、RV10、RV11、RV15)。
脂质体 | 第14天 | 第35天 |
裸A317RNA | 185 | 982 |
P | 2787 | 27416 |
Q | 24 | 161 |
R | 633 | 1715 |
S | 405 | 2733 |
T | 761 | 2459 |
除了脂质体Q,这些脂质体中每种都表现优于对照。脂质体Q中的RV10脂质的pKa为7.86,该值在体内似乎过高而无用。然而即使在有用的pKa值范围内,虽然结果很好,具有一个烷基尾部和一个含类固醇的尾部的脂质体得到的结果都没有RV01好。
用RV05制备其它脂质体。所有脂质体含有40%RV05和2%PEG化脂质,但剩余组分可变化(虽然总是包含胆固醇)。物理特性是:
αGC=α-半乳糖基神经酰胺
如前测试BALB/c小鼠:
注射 | 第14天 | 第35天 |
裸RNA | 321 | 915 |
U | 551 | 955 |
V | 342 | 2531 |
W | 1127 | 3881 |
X | 364 | 1741 |
Y | 567 | 5679 |
Z | 1251 | 5303 |
对于具有不对称脂质尾部(烷基和胆固醇)的阳离子脂质,将中性脂质从DSPC(饱和C18脂质尾部)变为18:2或18:3PC(每个尾部具有2和3个不饱和的双键)提高总IgG效价。用DPyPE代替DSPC观察到的结果相当。
在采用RV05脂质的最终实验中,用40%RV05、10%18:2PC、40%DPyPE、8%胆固醇和2%PEG DMG2000制备脂质体。这些脂质体具有124.7nm的Zav直径、0.17的pdI和61.5%的RNA包埋。这些脂质体如前用于接种BALB/c小鼠(0.1μg RNA的剂量),与裸RNA(1μg)或基于RV01的脂质体(40%DlinDMA、10%DPSC、48%胆固醇、2%PEG DMG2000)做比较。以下是F特异性血清IgG效价(GMT)。
组 | 第14天 | 第35天 |
裸RNA | 28 | 721 |
RV01 | 2237 | 12407 |
RV05 | 703 | 1732 |
因此该RV05脂质体免疫原性强于裸RNA,但低于RV01脂质体。
在第49天收集脾脏用于T细胞分析。以下是平均净F特异性细胞因子阳性T细胞频率(CD4+或CD8+),其中只显示统计学显著大于0的数值(对RSV肽F51-66、F164-178、F309-323特异性的CD4+,或对肽F85-93和F249-258特异性的CD8+):
因此在T细胞应答方面,RV05得到优于RV01的结果。
应理解,仅以举例的方式描述了本发明,在本发明的范围和精神内可对之进行修改。
表1:有用的磷脂
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Claims (9)
1.一种包埋编码多肽免疫原的RNA的脂质体,其中所述免疫原可在体内引起针对细菌、病毒、真菌或寄生虫的免疫应答;脂质体包含至少一种式(I)的化合物,其中式(I)是:
其中:
R1和R2与其相连的氮原子一起形成选自如下所列的基团:
a不存在或是任选取代的C1-4亚烷基;
b不存在或是任选取代的C1-4亚烷基;
c不存在或是任选取代的C1-4亚烷基;
X1是O或S;
X2是O或S;
Y1是任选取代的C10-30烯基、C10-30炔基、C10-30杂烯基或C10-30杂炔基;
L不存在或是–(La)d–(Lb)e–(Lc)f–,其中
La是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基、C1-15亚烯基、C1-15亚炔基、C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基、或C1-15杂亚炔基;
Lb是任选取代的C6-14亚芳基或C5-13杂亚芳基;
Lc是任选取代的C1-15亚烷基、C1-15亚烯基、C1-15亚炔基、C1-15杂亚烷基、C1-15杂亚烯基或C1-15杂亚炔基;
d是0或1;
e是0或1;且
f是0或1;且
Y2是任选取代的类固醇;
其中所述任选取代的取代基独立地为Sub1或Sub2,其中:
Sub1独立地为卤素、三卤代甲基、三卤代乙基、-NO2、-CN、-N+(Rs)2O-、-CO2H、-CO2Rs、-SO3H、-SORs、-SO2Rs、-SO3Rs、-OC(=O)ORs、-C(=O)H、-C(=O)Rs、-OC(=O)Rs、=O、-NRs 2、-C(=O)NH2、-C(=O)NRs 2、-N(Rs)C(=O)ORs、-N(Rs)C(=O)NRs 2、-OC(=O)NRs 2、-N(Rs)C(=O)Rs、-C(=S)NRs 2、-NRsC(=S)Rs、-SO2NRs 2、-NRsSO2Rs、-N(Rs)C(=S)NRs 2、-N(Rs)SO2NRs 2、-Rsor–ZsRs、其中;
Zs独立地为O、S或NRs;
Rs独立地为H或C1-6烷基、C1-6杂烷基、-(Alka)f-C3-6环烷基、-(Alka)f-C3-6杂环烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6杂烯基、-(Alka)f-C3-6环烯基、-(Alka)f-C3-6杂环烯基、C2-6炔基、C2-6杂炔基、-(Alka)f-C6-14芳基、-(Alka)f-C6-14芳基或-(Alka)f-杂芳基,其中所述杂芳基含5-13个环成员,其中
f是0或1;
Alka是C1-6亚烷基或C1-6杂亚烷基;且
Rs被1至3个取代基Sub2取代或未被取代;
Sub2独立地为卤素、三卤代甲基、三卤代乙基、-NO2、-CN、-N+(C1-6烷基)2O-、-CO2H、-CO2C1-6烷基、-SO3H、-SOC1-6烷基、-SO2C1-6烷基、-SO3C1-6烷基、-OC(=O)OC1-6烷基、-C(=O)H、-C(=O)C1-6烷基、-OC(=O)C1-6烷基、=O、-N(C1-6烷基)2、-C(=O)NH2、-C(=O)N(C1-6烷基)2、-N(C1-6烷基)C(=O)O(C1-6烷基)、-N(C1-6烷基)C(=O)N(C1-6烷基)2、-OC(=O)N(C1-6烷基)2、-N(C1-6烷基)C(=O)C1-6烷基、-C(=S)N(C1-6烷基)2、-N(C1-6烷基)C(=S)C1-6烷基、-SO2N(C1-6烷基)2、-N(C1-6烷基)SO2C1-6烷基、-N(C1-6烷基)C(=S)N(C1-6烷基)2、-N(C1-6烷基)SO2N(C1-6烷基)2、-C1-6烷基、-C1-6杂烷基、-C3-6环烷基、-C3-6杂环烷基、-C2-6烯基、-C2-6杂烯基、-C3-6环烯基、-C3-6杂环烯基、-C2-6炔基、-C2-6杂炔基、-C6-14-芳基、-C5-13杂芳基、-Zt-C1-6烷基、-Zt-C3-6环烷基、–Zt-C2-6烯基、–Zt-C3-6环烯基或–Zt-C2-6炔基;且
Zt独立地为O、S、NH或N(C1-6烷基)。
2.如权利要求1所述的脂质体,其特征在于,所述脂质体的直径范围为80-160nm。
3.如权利要求1所述的脂质体,其特征在于,所述RNA为自复制RNA。
4.如权利要求3所述的脂质体,其特征在于,所述自复制RNA编码(i)RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶,所述RNA聚合酶可从自复制RNA转录RNA,和(ii)多肽免疫原。
5.如权利要求4所述的脂质体,其特征在于,所述自复制RNA含有两个开放阅读框,第一个所述开放阅读框编码α病毒复制酶并且第二个所述开放阅读框编码多肽免疫原。
6.如权利要求3所述的脂质体,其特征在于,所述自复制RNA长度为5000-25000个核苷酸。
7.如权利要求1所述的脂质体,其特征在于,所述免疫原可在体内引起针对呼吸道合胞病毒F糖蛋白的免疫应答。
8.一种包含如权利要求1-7中任一项所述脂质体的药物组合物。
9.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的脂质体在制备提高脊椎动物保护性免疫应答的药物中的应用。
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EP2451475A2 (en) | 2009-07-06 | 2012-05-16 | Novartis AG | Self replicating rna molecules and uses thereof |
ES2579936T3 (es) * | 2009-08-20 | 2016-08-17 | Sirna Therapeutics, Inc. | Nuevos lípidos catiónicos con diversos grupos de cabeza para el suministro oligonucleotídico |
EP2485770A4 (en) * | 2009-10-08 | 2013-04-10 | Merck Sharp & Dohme | NEW CATIONIC LIPIDS WITH SHORT LIPID CHAINS FOR ADMINISTRATION OF OLIGONUCLEOTIDES |
SG10201407996PA (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2015-01-29 | Novartis Ag | Lipids, lipid compositions, and methods of using them |
WO2011149733A2 (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2011-12-01 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Novel amino alcohol cationic lipids for oligonucleotide delivery |
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- 2011-08-31 JP JP2013526211A patent/JP5908477B2/ja active Active
- 2011-08-31 MX MX2013002332A patent/MX2013002332A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-08-31 US US13/819,228 patent/US20130189351A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-08-31 TR TR2019/08635T patent/TR201908635T4/tr unknown
- 2011-08-31 CA CA2809863A patent/CA2809863A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-08-31 RU RU2013114330/10A patent/RU2577983C2/ru active
- 2011-08-31 WO PCT/US2011/050100 patent/WO2012031046A2/en active Application Filing
- 2011-08-31 AU AU2011295938A patent/AU2011295938B2/en active Active
- 2011-08-31 CN CN201180051927.2A patent/CN103384515B/zh active Active
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- 2011-08-31 BR BR112013004865A patent/BR112013004865A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-08-31 ES ES11763813T patent/ES2727583T3/es active Active
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2015
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AU2011295938A1 (en) | 2013-04-04 |
AU2016201063A1 (en) | 2016-03-10 |
WO2012031046A3 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
MX2013002332A (es) | 2013-03-18 |
US20130189351A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
AU2011295938B2 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
EP3542789A2 (en) | 2019-09-25 |
JP2016006128A (ja) | 2016-01-14 |
EP3542789A3 (en) | 2020-01-01 |
ES2727583T3 (es) | 2019-10-17 |
CN103384515A (zh) | 2013-11-06 |
BR112013004865A2 (pt) | 2016-06-07 |
EP2611420B1 (en) | 2019-03-27 |
WO2012031046A2 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
JP5908477B2 (ja) | 2016-04-26 |
JP2014505007A (ja) | 2014-02-27 |
RU2577983C2 (ru) | 2016-03-20 |
RU2013114330A (ru) | 2014-10-10 |
AU2018203680A1 (en) | 2018-06-14 |
CA2809863A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
EP2611420A2 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
TR201908635T4 (tr) | 2019-07-22 |
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