CN1033210A - 用于汽车、火车和飞机的制动器 - Google Patents
用于汽车、火车和飞机的制动器 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
- F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
- F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
- F16D65/10—Drums for externally- or internally-engaging brakes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
- F16D65/12—Discs; Drums for disc brakes
- F16D65/127—Discs; Drums for disc brakes characterised by properties of the disc surface; Discs lined with friction material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
- F16D2065/13—Parts or details of discs or drums
- F16D2065/1304—Structure
- F16D2065/132—Structure layered
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
- F16D2065/13—Parts or details of discs or drums
- F16D2065/1304—Structure
- F16D2065/1324—Structure carrying friction elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D2069/003—Selection of coacting friction materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
- F16D2125/02—Fluid-pressure mechanisms
- F16D2125/06—Pistons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0034—Materials; Production methods therefor non-metallic
- F16D2200/0039—Ceramics
Abstract
用于公路上,钢轨上和空中行驶的运输工具的部
分衬面盘或制动器,它包括:一个转动部分,例如制动
盘和一个静止安装部分,例如配置有扣紧装置的制动
瓦,并且所采用的摩擦副是陶瓷材料的,制动器(1,
14,27)的转动部分(2,15,28)配置有作为摩擦副的
采用塑料粘结的有机摩擦材料包敷层(3,4,29,
30)。其静止部分(5,6,17,18;31,32)有陶瓷材料的
摩擦副。由于采用这种设计方案,使该制动系统中处
于最大负荷下的结构元件,即制动瓦的衬面大大地减
压了。
Description
本发明涉及用于在公路上,钢轨上和空中行驶的运输工具的制动器,最好是由一个转动部分,例如制动盘,和一个静止安装部分,例如制动瓦构成的一种部分衬面盘式制动器,该制动瓦配置有诸如适于在压力介质作用下工作,采用陶瓷类材料作为摩擦副部分的活塞类的一种扣紧装置。
由于交通工具领域的发展,高的可靠性,动力和使用寿命连同减小安装空间和严格的重量限制都是近代汽车和火车的制动器所面临的强制性要求,以便将制动器的硬性质量进行最大限度的减低。上述条件要求连同采用生态无害材料(不含石棉的摩擦材料)的需要结合起来,即将达到认识的极限,而其仍可能在经济上是合算的。
首先,石棉代用材料的高价格及由于新一代的运输工具的高的容许驱动速度而产生的摩擦衬面的高工作应力,会使车主花费很高的维护和修理费用,才能保持制动系统恰当地配合。
上述问题可能不再会通过对制动系统采取结构措施或者通过改进制动衬面就能解决,但是,通过保持制动器的低重量和不增加结构尺寸来减低摩擦材料的单位摩擦载荷和热应力是必需的。经长期运行之后,最终摩擦材料的磨损降低,将会使制动系统的维修费用得到相当可观的节约。
已有过将陶瓷用于制动器组装件来改进其工作条件的尝试。根据DE-OS3515512号专利文件可知,已有一种其摩擦环完全是用陶瓷制成的制动盘。其它现有技术出版物公开的有在常规的钢制动盘上包敷一层陶瓷材料的制动盘或者制动盘采用陶瓷金属合金(陶瓷合金-Cermet)制成。上述发展的共性是有机摩擦材料的惯用摩擦衬面的尺寸和设计方案与常规制动器的一样,也就是部分衬面制动器配置有一个钢盘。高的单位摩擦表面载荷的问题并未通过配置有陶瓷的制动器而得到解决。由于陶瓷制动盘具有所希望的较好的散热性和耐磨损性,情况仅仅是不那么严重罢了。
关于制动盘,尤其是飞机用的制动盘,根据DE-OS2418024号文件介绍,碳材料的环形可更换式摩擦衬面是固定在制动盘的一个芯部上的。如果这种摩擦衬面与静止的烧结金属元件起摩擦交互作用,则摩擦材料的单位摩擦表面载荷就会大为减低,但是,除了成本高以外,这种塑料/烧结金属结合体是不适用的,因为公路交通与空中运输的单位摩擦性能,舒适性和载荷分布是完全不同的。
本发明的目的是提供一种适用于各种重载和高速运输工具在所有工作条件下能够可靠地进行制动的制动器,并且,该制动器体积小、重量轻并保证具有低的单位摩擦表面载荷。
与在本说明书开头所描述的那种型式的制动器有关,本发明的特征在于:该制动器的转动部分载有作为一个摩擦副的一层有机摩擦材料的塑料粘结包敷层,而制动器的静止部分包括陶瓷材料之类的摩擦副。
由于这种对制动器的转动部分和静止部分摩擦材料的安排方案是颠倒的。并包括采用陶瓷材料等,则在本发明的制动系统中,处于最高载荷的结构部分,即由有机摩擦材料构成的制动衬面大大地减压了。在制动盘上提供一层有机摩擦材料,人们就可以得到这种材料的大得多的和转速较高的衬面表面,与此同时,在有机摩擦材料的摩擦副上作用的热机械应力大大降低。
如果将陶瓷摩擦材料用于制动瓦,则适于经受高热负载的陶瓷制动瓦衬面中的最大热负荷就可以部分地转移。由于对制动器的转动部分和静止部分的摩擦材料进行上述配对,其热机械负荷则具有较好的分布。制动器的使用寿命和效率也得到改善。由于单位摩擦表面载荷低,从而使制动系统的经受摩损的摩擦衬面的寿命较长,维护费用较低。热机械负荷得到较好的分布。
根据本发明的另一特征,陶瓷材料也适用于扣紧装置的受冲击元件,例如活塞上。该陶瓷材料也可用于制动气缸。采用陶瓷活塞除了减少热传导的优点外,还可以省去价格昂贵的表面处理。
在本发明中,该制动器的静止部分由陶瓷类材料制成的摩擦副的表面尺寸可以相当于受冲击的部分,例如活塞(9)的表面尺寸。
在本发明中,可以将制动瓦(其不再是判断磨损的主要对象)的接触表面进行理想的修正,使其与扣紧装置的活塞的直径匹配,从而产生比较理想的表面压力条件。
为了避免制动器的静止部分的摩擦副由于很硬的陶瓷材料产生剪刀作用,在该静止部分的摩擦副的进、出边缘处设置倒圆部分是合适的,请参看截面图。
本发明所设计的在常规的摩擦材料(有机摩擦材料)和陶瓷材料之间所形成的摩擦副可以应用于已知的所有制动系统中。
现将结合各附图对本发明的各实施方案进行解释,其中:
图1是用以显示本发明的盘式制动器的结构截面的基本示意图;
图2是用以显示本发明鼓式制动器的结构截面的基本示意图;
图3是用以显示本发明的用于钢轨上行驶车辆的盘式制动器的基本结构示意图;
图4是一个陶瓷制动块的另件图。
由图1可以清楚地看出,部分衬面盘式制动器1的制动盘2的两侧上都配置有延伸到圆盘部分2a的整个环形表面上的有机摩擦材料。制动瓦5和6是由相对应的包敷以陶瓷摩擦材料8的承板7构成。用于浮动座架10的扣紧装置的活塞9也可以采用陶瓷活塞。
图4显示陶瓷包敷层8的边缘上都设置有用于进入和退出的倒圆部分11,12。
图2示出鼓式制动器14的鼓筒体15的内圆周表面上带有有机摩擦材料的包敷材料层16。可回转地支撑在19和20上,并适于通过扣紧装置21对着鼓筒体15的包敷材料16施加压力的制动瓦17和18可以配置以陶瓷材料的包敷层22和23。标号24,25表示用于松开制动瓦的弹簧元件。
用于钢轨上行驶车辆的图3所示盘式制动器27包括一个在其两侧上的环形表面配置有有机摩擦材料制成的相对应的摩擦衬面29和30的圆盘体28。可绕着轴33和34回转的制动瓦31和32含有由陶瓷材料制成的衬面35和36。而且在制动盘上的有机摩擦材料的衬面材料表面要比制动瓦的陶瓷材料衬面的表面大一些。
所用的陶瓷材料可以是任何合适的工业陶瓷材料。
所用的有机摩擦材料可以仍然由摩擦材料衬面工业中生产的材料构成。
Claims (4)
1、一种用于公路上,钢轨上和空中行驶的运输工具的制动器,最好是部分衬面盘式制动器,它包括:诸如制动盘的转动部分;诸如制动瓦的固定安装部分,该部分配置有诸有活塞的扣紧装置,而活塞适于承受压力介质的作用;并采用陶瓷或类似材料作为摩擦副,其特征在于:该制动器(1,14,27)的转动部分(2,15,18)配置有塑料粘结的有机摩擦材料制成的作为摩擦副的衬面层(3,4;16;29,30)而静止部分(5,6;17,18;31,32)则包含由陶瓷或类似材料制成的摩擦副。
2、如权利要求1所述的制动器;其特征在于:该扣紧装置的受冲击元件,例如活塞(9)是由陶瓷材料制成的。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的制动器,其特征在于:该制动器的静止部分由陶瓷类材料制成的摩擦副的表面尺寸相当于受冲击的部分,例如活塞(9)的表面尺寸。
4、如权利要求1至3中任何一项所述的制动器,其特征在于:静止部分的摩擦副(8)的进入和退出边缘都是有倒圆部分(11,12)。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19873738949 DE3738949A1 (de) | 1987-11-17 | 1987-11-17 | Bremse fuer strassen-, schienen- und luftfahrzeuge |
DEP3738949.1 | 1987-11-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1033210A true CN1033210A (zh) | 1989-05-31 |
Family
ID=6340643
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN88107977A Pending CN1033210A (zh) | 1987-11-17 | 1988-11-17 | 用于汽车、火车和飞机的制动器 |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5103942A (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH01164827A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1033210A (zh) |
BE (1) | BE1002162A3 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3738949A1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK165303C (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2011404A6 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2623263B1 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2212571B (zh) |
IT (1) | IT1229861B (zh) |
NL (1) | NL8802674A (zh) |
SE (1) | SE8803874A0 (zh) |
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US5287615A (en) * | 1987-12-15 | 1994-02-22 | Emitech Gesellschaft Fur Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Process for joining a hollow shaft and elements slid thereon |
JPH043135U (zh) * | 1990-04-23 | 1992-01-13 | ||
JP3576178B2 (ja) * | 1991-06-25 | 2004-10-13 | 神鋼電機株式会社 | 真空中で使用される摩擦力伝達装置 |
DE4127113A1 (de) * | 1991-08-16 | 1993-02-18 | Teves Gmbh Alfred | Bremsbacke fuer eine teilbelagscheibenbremse |
US5186292A (en) * | 1992-05-11 | 1993-02-16 | General Motors Corporation | Torque converter and clutch with compliance interface |
DE4217549A1 (de) * | 1992-05-27 | 1993-12-02 | Sew Eurodrive Gmbh & Co | Bremsscheibe und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Bremsscheibe |
US5372222A (en) * | 1992-06-08 | 1994-12-13 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Lightweight and high thermal conductivity brake rotor |
DE4237655B4 (de) * | 1992-11-07 | 2004-10-07 | Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag | Bremsscheibe |
US5484347A (en) * | 1993-03-10 | 1996-01-16 | Eaton Corporation | Variable rate locking differential with pyrolitic-carbon friction clutch |
US5407048A (en) * | 1993-05-04 | 1995-04-18 | Sievers; George K. | High performance automotive clutch assembly |
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JPH109294A (ja) * | 1996-06-19 | 1998-01-13 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 二輪車用ローラーブレーキとその製造方法 |
US5865277A (en) * | 1996-07-23 | 1999-02-02 | Hunter; Marc | Wheels and brakes for vehicles |
US5788027A (en) * | 1997-06-06 | 1998-08-04 | Westinghouse Air Brake Company | Trim shoe |
DE19727587C2 (de) * | 1997-06-28 | 2002-10-24 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Bremseinheit aus Bremsscheibe und Bremsbelag |
DE60125798T2 (de) | 2000-09-29 | 2007-10-18 | Goodrich Corp. | Verbundwerkstoffe mit keramischer matrix auf borcarbidbasis |
DE10121433A1 (de) * | 2001-05-02 | 2002-11-07 | Continental Teves Ag & Co Ohg | Bremseinheit |
DE10154334B4 (de) * | 2001-11-06 | 2005-06-09 | Hinrich Habenicht | Radbremse |
AU2002253522A1 (en) * | 2002-03-21 | 2003-10-08 | Freni Brembo S.P.A. | Disk brake caliper |
ATE415578T1 (de) * | 2005-07-18 | 2008-12-15 | Dti Group Bv | Getriebemodul |
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GB197991A (en) * | 1922-01-19 | 1923-05-22 | Herbert Frood | Improvements in or relating to friction elements for brakes, friction clutches and friction gears |
US1823591A (en) * | 1925-12-14 | 1931-09-15 | Herbert V Book | Lava-earthenware or mineral friction element or lining for railway and other brakes in general |
DE518150C (de) * | 1926-03-18 | 1931-02-12 | Kirchbach Sche Werke Kirchbach | Reibkoerperlamelle mit beiderseitigem Reibbelag |
GB789987A (en) * | 1954-01-12 | 1958-01-29 | Raybestos Co | Improvements in or relating to friction elements |
GB823675A (en) * | 1956-07-30 | 1959-11-18 | Bendix Aviat Corp | Friction article and method of producing same |
GB824870A (en) * | 1957-02-01 | 1959-12-09 | Automotive Prod Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to brakes, clutches and like devices for transmitting or retarding rotation by the frictional engagement of surfaces |
US3092214A (en) * | 1961-01-09 | 1963-06-04 | Raybestos Manhatian Inc | Friction devices |
US3231058A (en) * | 1962-02-19 | 1966-01-25 | Raybestos Manhattan Inc | Friction device |
US3221853A (en) * | 1962-08-29 | 1965-12-07 | Raybestos Manhattan Inc | Friction devices |
US3306401A (en) * | 1965-04-21 | 1967-02-28 | Lambert & Brake Corp | Beryllium containing friction element |
DE1655344A1 (de) * | 1967-01-20 | 1971-08-05 | Teves Gmbh Alfred | Radbremszylinder |
US3477551A (en) * | 1967-01-28 | 1969-11-11 | Teves Gmbh Alfred | Brakeshoe construction for disk brakes |
DE1775418A1 (de) * | 1967-02-07 | 1971-11-18 | Teves Gmbh Alfred | Metallischer Reibbelagtraeger fuer Bremsbacken von Scheibenbremsen |
GB972464A (en) * | 1967-07-12 | 1964-10-14 | Heinz Teves | Improvements in or relating to spot type disc brakes |
US3550739A (en) * | 1968-10-25 | 1970-12-29 | Eaton Yale & Towne | Friction coupling |
US3684062A (en) * | 1969-02-14 | 1972-08-15 | Kelsey Hayes Co | Friction lining composition |
US3712427A (en) * | 1970-11-05 | 1973-01-23 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Graphite and/or carbon disk with removable wear faces |
US3702126A (en) * | 1970-12-23 | 1972-11-07 | Phillip R Eklund | Friction pair for use in aircraft brakes |
FR2142630B1 (zh) * | 1971-06-22 | 1973-05-25 | Ceraver | |
DE2362190C2 (de) * | 1973-12-14 | 1982-04-15 | Textar Gmbh, 5090 Leverkusen | Reibbelag mit Schleifschicht |
CA1021702A (en) * | 1973-04-16 | 1977-11-29 | Goodyear Tire And Rubber Company (The) | Duo-material carbon composite brake disk |
NO143977C (no) * | 1975-04-14 | 1981-05-20 | Goodyear Aerospace Corp | Bremseskive med lagstruktur. |
GB1545081A (en) * | 1976-07-22 | 1979-05-02 | Automotive Prod Co Ltd | Friction facings for clutches and brakes |
US4290510A (en) * | 1978-12-14 | 1981-09-22 | Chrysler Corporation | Wear resistant coated article |
DE2904099A1 (de) * | 1979-02-03 | 1980-08-14 | Heinz Ing Grad Hoelter | Bremsbelaege |
FR2452033A2 (fr) * | 1979-03-19 | 1980-10-17 | Abex Pagid Equip | Procede de fabrication de garnitures de freins a disques |
EP0038774B1 (fr) * | 1980-04-17 | 1984-09-12 | Seitz S.A. | Garniture de friction pour frein à friction |
DE3033139A1 (de) * | 1980-09-03 | 1982-04-08 | Alfred Teves Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Vorrichtung mit einer reibpaarung, insbesondere reibungsbremse oder reibungskupplung |
DE3122522A1 (de) * | 1981-06-05 | 1982-12-23 | Hermann Dipl.-Ing. 8033 Planegg Pflaum | Synchronisiereinrichtung fuer formschluessige schaltkupplungen sowie verfahren zur herstellung einer solchen synchronisiereinrichtung |
DE3125902A1 (de) * | 1981-07-01 | 1983-01-20 | Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | "scheibenbremse, insbesondere fuer kraftfahrzeuge" |
GB2112454B (en) * | 1981-12-23 | 1985-02-13 | Armstrong Whitworth And Compan | Opposed piston compression ignition engine |
DE3224873A1 (de) * | 1982-07-03 | 1984-01-05 | Hermann Dr.-Ing. 3302 Cremlingen Klaue | Mit kohle-kohlefaserreibbelaegen ausgeruestete schienenfahrzeug-teilbelagscheibenbremse |
JPS5962735A (ja) * | 1982-10-02 | 1984-04-10 | Akebono Brake Ind Co Ltd | 磁気浮上式車両の制動用滑走シユ− |
DE3323361A1 (de) * | 1983-06-29 | 1985-04-04 | Alfred Teves Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Kolben-zylinder-anordnung fuer bremsen |
FR2548321B1 (fr) * | 1983-06-29 | 1988-07-22 | Teves Gmbh Alfred | Agencement cylindre-piston pour frein, a piston au moins partiellement en ceramique |
JPS61149626A (ja) * | 1984-12-20 | 1986-07-08 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | キヤリパピストン |
DE3515512A1 (de) * | 1985-04-30 | 1986-10-30 | Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, 8000 München | Reibring, insbesondere fuer scheiben- oder trommelbremsen |
DE3640212A1 (de) * | 1986-11-25 | 1988-06-01 | Didier Werke Ag | Bremsscheibe oder -trommel |
-
1987
- 1987-11-17 DE DE19873738949 patent/DE3738949A1/de active Granted
-
1988
- 1988-10-28 SE SE8803874A patent/SE8803874A0/sv unknown
- 1988-11-01 NL NL8802674A patent/NL8802674A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-11-09 IT IT8822557A patent/IT1229861B/it active
- 1988-11-10 FR FR8814717A patent/FR2623263B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-11 ES ES8803426A patent/ES2011404A6/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-15 GB GB8826657A patent/GB2212571B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-16 DK DK639488A patent/DK165303C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-11-16 BE BE8801297A patent/BE1002162A3/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-11-17 US US07/272,351 patent/US5103942A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-11-17 JP JP63289046A patent/JPH01164827A/ja active Pending
- 1988-11-17 CN CN88107977A patent/CN1033210A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK165303C (da) | 1993-04-19 |
DE3738949C2 (zh) | 1991-04-25 |
DK165303B (da) | 1992-11-02 |
FR2623263B1 (fr) | 1990-12-14 |
FR2623263A1 (fr) | 1989-05-19 |
IT1229861B (it) | 1991-09-13 |
DK639488D0 (da) | 1988-11-16 |
DK639488A (da) | 1989-05-18 |
GB2212571A (en) | 1989-07-26 |
DE3738949A1 (de) | 1989-05-24 |
GB8826657D0 (en) | 1988-12-21 |
NL8802674A (nl) | 1989-06-16 |
GB2212571B (en) | 1992-05-13 |
JPH01164827A (ja) | 1989-06-28 |
SE8803874A0 (sv) | 1989-05-18 |
IT8822557A0 (it) | 1988-11-09 |
BE1002162A3 (fr) | 1990-08-21 |
SE8803874D0 (sv) | 1988-10-28 |
US5103942A (en) | 1992-04-14 |
ES2011404A6 (es) | 1990-01-01 |
SE8803874A (zh) | 1988-10-28 |
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Legal Events
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C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |