CN103310728A - 发光二极管像素单元电路和显示面板 - Google Patents

发光二极管像素单元电路和显示面板 Download PDF

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CN103310728A
CN103310728A CN2013102056666A CN201310205666A CN103310728A CN 103310728 A CN103310728 A CN 103310728A CN 2013102056666 A CN2013102056666 A CN 2013102056666A CN 201310205666 A CN201310205666 A CN 201310205666A CN 103310728 A CN103310728 A CN 103310728A
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thin film
film transistor
capacitor
circuit
electrode
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CN103310728B (zh
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青海刚
祁小敬
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Chengdu BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Chengdu BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2013/081022 priority patent/WO2014190617A1/zh
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    • G09G2310/0262The addressing of the pixel, in a display other than an active matrix LCD, involving the control of two or more scan electrodes or two or more data electrodes, e.g. pixel voltage dependent on signals of two data electrodes
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种发光二极管像素单元电路和显示面板,用以解决因薄膜晶体管的阈值电压不同所导致的显示面板亮度不均的问题,同时将触摸屏电路集成于像素单元电路中,实现显示面板的触控功能。所述电路包括驱动模块,所述驱动模块包括:驱动薄膜晶体管、第一开关元件、第一电容、第二电容和驱动控制单元;其中,所述驱动控制单元包括阈值电压与所述驱动薄膜晶体管的阈值电压相匹配的匹配管,位于电源正电压输出端和第一节点之间,用于通过控制所述第二电容充放电,保存匹配管的阈值电压并以此补偿所述驱动薄膜晶体管的阈值电压。

Description

发光二极管像素单元电路和显示面板
技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域,尤其涉及一种发光二极管像素单元电路和显示面板。
背景技术
有源矩阵有机发光二极管(AMOLED,Active Matrix-Organic Light EmittingDiode)显示面板相比传统的液晶面板,具有反应速度较快、对比度更高、视角较广等特点。AMOLED显示面板的像素依靠阵列(Array)基板上相关驱动电路驱动发光显示,参见图1,图1为现有技术中2T1C像素驱动电路。从图1中可以看出,现有技术中2T1C像素驱动电路包括两个薄膜晶体管(TFT,Thin-Film Transistor)和1个电容,其中,薄膜晶体管M1起到开关作用,用于控制数据线与薄膜晶体管DTFT的栅极的连接,薄膜晶体管DTFT为驱动薄膜晶体管,其在饱和状态下能够产生驱动电流,驱动OLED发光。图2为图1所示像素驱动电路的扫描信号G(n)与数据线上的灰阶电压信号Vd的时序图,当扫描信号为低电平时,薄膜晶体管M1导通,数据线上的灰阶电压Vd对电容C充电,当扫描信号为高电平时,薄膜晶体管T1截止,电容C用于保存灰阶电压。由于电源正电压VDD电位较高,因此DTFT处于饱和状态,此时,OLED的驱动电流I为:
I=K(Vsg-|Vth|)2=K(VDD-Vd-|Vth|)2
其中,Vsg为DTFT的栅源电压,Vth为DTFT的阈值电压,VDD为电源正电压,Vd为数据线上的灰阶电压,K是一个与晶体管尺寸和载流子迁移率有关的常数,一旦TFT尺寸和工艺确定,K确定。
但是在实际生产工艺过程中,即便是使用相同的工艺参数,制作出来的面板不同位置的TFT的阈值电压也可能有较大差异,使得所述不同位置的TFT的临界饱和电压也不同,导致在同一灰阶电压下OLED的驱动电流不一样,使得采用该电路的显示面板不同的位置亮度会有差异,亮度均一性差。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种发光二极管像素单元电路和显示面板,用以解决因薄膜晶体管的阈值不同所导致的显示面板亮度不均的问题。
本发明实施例提供了一种发光二极管的像素单元电路,所述电路包括驱动模块和发光二极管,其中,所述驱动模块包括:驱动薄膜晶体管、第一开关元件、第一电容、第二电容和驱动控制单元;其中,
所述驱动薄膜晶体管,其栅极连接第一节点,源极连接电源正电压输出端,漏极连接发光二级管的阳极;
所述发光二级管的阴极连接电源负电压输出端;
所述第一电容位于第一节点与第一开关元件之间;
所述第二电容位于电源正电压输出端和第一节点之间;
所述第一开关元件串联在第一电容和数据线之间;
所述驱动控制单元包括阈值电压与所述驱动薄膜晶体管的阈值电压相匹配的匹配管,位于电源正电压输出端和第一节点之间,用于通过控制所述第二电容充放电,保存与驱动薄膜晶体管阈值电压相等的位于驱动控制单元中的匹配管的阈值电压并以此补偿所述驱动薄膜晶体管的阈值电压。
较佳的,所述驱动控制单元包括第二开关元件和第三开关元件;其中,所述第二开关元件串联在电源正电压输出端和第二节点之间;所述第三开关元件串联在第一节点和作为驱动控制单元第一连接端的第二节点之间。
较佳的,所述驱动电路还包括感应模块,所述感应模块包括:第四开关元件、第五开关元件、第三电容、放大薄膜晶体管和感应元件;其中,所述第四开关元件串联在第二节点和放大薄膜晶体管的栅极之间;所述第五开关元件串联在放大薄膜晶体管的漏极和感应线之间;所述第三电容串联在放大薄膜晶体管的栅极与第五开关元件的控制端之间;所述感应元件连接所述放大薄膜晶体管的栅极;所述驱动控制单元通过控制感应模块第三电容充放电,使得感应模块中的触摸信号通过感应模块中的放大薄膜晶体管得以放大。
较佳的,所述开关元件均为薄膜晶体管;具体的,所述第一开关元件为第一薄膜晶体管,所述第二开关元件为第二薄膜晶体管,所述第三开关元件为第三薄膜晶体管,所述第四开关元件为第四薄膜晶体管,所述第五开关元件为第五薄膜晶体管,具体的:
所述第一薄膜晶体管,其栅极连接本行像素的扫描信号,源极连接数据线,漏极与第一电容的一端连接;
所述第二薄膜晶体管,其栅极连接本行像素的控制信号,源极连接电源正电压输出端,漏极连接第三薄膜晶体管的源极;
所述第三薄膜晶体管,其栅极与漏极同时连接第一节点,源极与第二薄膜晶体管的漏极连接;
所述第四薄膜晶体管,其栅极连接本行像素的控制信号,源极连接第二节点,漏极连接放大薄膜晶体管的栅极;
所述第五薄膜晶体管,其栅极连接下一行像素的扫描信号,源极连接放大薄膜晶体管的漏极,漏极连接感应线。
所述放大薄膜晶体管,其栅极连接第四薄膜晶体管的漏极,源极连接电源正电压,漏极连接第五薄膜晶体管的源极;
所述第三电容连接在放大薄膜晶体管的栅极和第五薄膜晶体管的栅极之间,用于保持放大薄膜晶体管的栅极的电位,使得所述放大薄膜晶体管工作在放大区。
较佳的,所有薄膜晶体管均为P型薄膜晶体管。
较佳的,上述薄膜晶体管均为多晶硅薄膜晶体管,或者均为非晶硅薄膜晶体管,或者均为氧化物薄膜晶体管。
较佳的,所述感应元件为感应电极,用于当人触摸该感应电极时,与人体之间形成感应电容。
本发明实施例提供了一种显示面板,所述显示面板包括上述的发光二极管的像素单元电路。
本发明实施例提供的像素单元电路包括驱动模块和发光二极管,所述驱动模块中设置有驱动薄膜晶体管、第一开关元件、第一电容、第二电容和驱动控制单元,通过所述驱动控制单元对第二电容的充放电,保存与驱动薄膜晶体管阈值电压相等的位于驱动控制单元中的匹配管的阈值电压并以此补偿阈值电压,使得用于驱动发光二极管发光的驱动电流不受驱动薄膜晶体管的阈值电压的影响,同时,第二电容两端的电压即是驱动薄膜晶体管的栅源电压,工作时驱动管栅极处于悬空状态,电容的另一端连接于电源正极,第二电容两端的压差不受线路内阻的影响,因此消除线路内阻对发光电路的影响,使得在该像素电路中,同一灰阶电压下发光二极管的驱动电流是一致的,采用该电路的显示面板的亮度不会有差异,从而提高了显示面板亮度的均一性。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中2T1C像素驱动电路;
图2为2T1C像素驱动电路各信号端的信号时序图;
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种像素驱动电路的电路图;
图4为本发明实施例提供的像素电路中各信号端的信号时序图
图5为本发明实施例提供的第一阶段像素驱动电路的等效电路图;
图6为本发明实施例提供的第二阶段像素驱动电路的等效电路图;
图7为本发明实施例提供的第三阶段像素驱动电路的等效电路图。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例提供了一种发光二极管像素单元电路和显示面板,用以解决因薄膜晶体管的阈值不同所导致的显示面板亮度不均的问题。
下面结合附图,对本发明进行说明。
参见图3,图3为本发明实施例提供的有源矩阵主动有机发光二极管像素单元电路,该电路包括:驱动模块31、感应模块32和发光二极管33;
具体的,所述驱动模块31包括:驱动薄膜晶体管DTFT、第一薄膜晶体管T1、第一电容C1、第二电容C2和驱动控制单元311;其中,所述驱动控制单元311包括第二薄膜晶体管T2和第三薄膜晶体管T3。
所述驱动薄膜晶体管DTFT,其栅极连接第一节点P1,源极连接电源正电压VDD输出端,漏极连接有源矩阵主动有机发光二级管AMOLED的阳极;
所述第一电容C1,位于第一节点P1与第一薄膜晶体管T1之间,具体的,所述第一电容C1的一端连接第一节点P1,另一端连接第一薄膜晶体管T1的漏极;
所述第二电容C2,位于电源正电压VDD输出端和第一节点P1之间;
所述第一薄膜晶体管T1,其栅极连接本行像素的扫描信号G(n),源极连接数据线Ldata,漏极与第一电容C1的一端连接;
所述第二薄膜晶体管T2,其栅极连接本行像素的控制信号C(n),源极连接电源正电压VDD输出端,漏极连接第三薄膜晶体管T3源极;
所述第三薄膜晶体管T3,其栅极与漏极同时连接第一节点P1,源极与第二薄膜晶体管T2的漏极连接。
所述感应模块32包括:第三电容C3、放大薄膜晶体管ATFT、感应电极321、第四薄膜晶体管T4和第五薄膜晶体管T5。具体的:
所述第四薄膜晶体管T4,其栅极连接本行像素的控制信号C(n),源极连接第二节点P2,漏极连接放大薄膜晶体管ATFT的栅极;
所述第五薄膜晶体管T5,其栅极连接下一行像素的扫描信号G(n+1),源极连接放大薄膜晶体管ATFT的漏极,漏极连接感应线Lsense;
所述放大薄膜晶体管ATFT,其栅极与第四薄膜晶体管的漏极连接,源极与电源正电压VDD的输出端连接,漏极与第五薄膜晶体管的源极连接;
所述第三电容C3,连接在所述放大薄膜晶体管ATFT的栅极与第五薄膜晶体管的栅极之间;
所述感应电极321,连接放大薄膜晶体管ATFT的栅极,用于当人触摸该感应电极时,与人体之间形成感应电容Cf,引起ATFT的栅极的电位发生变化,产生变化的感应电流。
此外,所述有源矩阵主动有机发光二级管AMOLED的阳极连接驱动薄膜晶体管DTFT的漏极,阴极连接电源负电压VSS。
图4为各信号端的时序图,下面结合图4对本发明实施例提供的有源矩阵有机发光二极管像素单元电路的工作方法进行说明,其中,所有薄膜晶体管均为低电平导通,高电平截止。
第一阶段S1,参见图5,图5为该阶段的等效电路图;下一行像素的扫描信号G(n+1)为高电平VGH,使得响应于下一行像素的扫描信号G(n+1)的第五薄膜晶体管T5截止,放大薄膜晶体管ATFT的漏极处于空置状态;
本行像素的扫描信号G(n)为低电平VGL,本行像素的控制信号C(n)为低电平VGL,因此,第一薄膜晶体管T1、第二薄膜晶体管T2、第三薄膜晶体管T3和第四薄膜晶体管T4导通;数据线Ldata上输出的灰阶电压信号Vd,其灰阶电压大小为Vh,并对第一电容C1充电,使得第一电容C1上靠近第一薄膜晶体管T1的一端的第三节点P3处的电位上升为Vh;同时,电源正电压VDD通过第二薄膜晶体管T2和第三薄膜晶体管T3对第二电容C2充电,直至第二电容C2的一端、即第一节点P1处的电位上升至VDD-|Vth3|,第三薄膜晶体管T3截止,电源正电压VDD不再对第二电容C2继续充电,其中,所述Vth3为第三薄膜晶体管T3的阈值电压。因此,第一电容C1两端的电压为:
Vc1=VDD-|Vth3|-Vh
其中,Vc1为第一电容C1两端的电压,Vth3为第三薄膜晶体管T3的阈值电压。
同时,电源正电压VDD对第三电容C3充电,使得第三电容C3靠近放大薄膜晶体管ATFT的一端、即第四节点P4处的电位上升至VDD,第三电容C3另一端、即第五节点P5处的电位电位上升至VGH,因此,第三电容C3两端的电压为:
Vc3=VDD-VGH
其中,Vc3为第三电容C3两端的电压。
第二阶段S2,参见图6,图6为该阶段的等效电路图;G(n)保持低电平,G(n+1)保持高电平,因此,第一薄膜晶体管T1处于导通状态,第五薄膜晶体管仍处于截止状态;C(n)跳变为高电平,第二薄膜晶体管T2和第四薄膜晶体管T4截止,第三薄膜晶体管T3保持截止状态。由于第二薄膜晶体管T2、第四薄膜晶体管T4和第三薄膜晶体管T3截止,使得驱动薄膜晶体管DTFT的栅极处于悬空状态;同时,数据线上的电压从高电平Vh跳变为低电平Vdata,由于第一电容C1的耦合作用,第一节点P1处的电位也随之发生变化,此时,驱动薄膜晶体管DTFT栅极的电位为:
Vp1=VDD-|Vth3|+(Vdata-Vh)*C1/(C1+C2)
其中,Vp1为驱动薄膜晶体管DTFT栅极的电位。
在该电路中,第三薄膜晶体管T3的位置和驱动薄膜晶体管DTFT的位置非常接近,且工艺环境也非常一致,因此二者由工艺所引起的电性差异非常小,可以近似认为二者的电性相同,即第三薄膜晶体管T3的阈值电压Vth3和驱动薄膜晶体管DTFT的阈值电压Vthd相同,所述第三薄膜晶体管T3可作为驱动薄膜晶体管DTFT的匹配管,用于与第二电容C2共同补偿驱动薄膜晶体管DTFT的阈值电压Vthd,消除驱动薄膜晶体管DTFT的阈值电压对驱动电流的影响。
因此,驱动薄膜晶体管DTFT栅极的电位Vp1为:
Vp1=VDD-|Vthd|+(Vdata-Vh)*C1/(C1+C2)
其中,Vthd为驱动薄膜晶体管DTFT的阈值电压。
第三阶段S3,参见图7,图7为该阶段的等效电路图;G(n)跳变为高电平VGH,第一薄膜晶体管T1截止;C(n)保持高电平,第二薄膜晶体管T2、第四薄膜晶体管T4和第三薄膜晶体管T3截止,驱动薄膜晶体管DTFT的栅极仍处于悬空状态,其电位保持不变,此时驱动薄膜晶体管DTFT栅极与源极之间的电压为:
Vsg=Vs-Vp1
=VDD-[VDD-|Vthd|+(Vdata-Vh)*C1/(C1+C2)]
=(Vh-Vdata)*C1/(C1+C2)+|Vthd|;
其中,Vsg为驱动薄膜晶体管DTFT栅极与源极之间的电压,Vs为驱动薄膜晶体管DTFT源极的电位,Vp1为驱动薄膜晶体管DTFT栅极的电位。
因此通过驱动薄膜晶体管DTFT的饱和电流即AMOLED的发光电流Ioled大小为:
Ioled=kd(Vsg-|Vthd|)2
=k[(Vh-Vdata)*C1/(C1+C2)+|Vthd|-|Vthd|]2
=kd[(Vh-Vdata)*C1/(C1+C2)]2
其中,Kd为与工艺和驱动设计有关的常数。
G(n+1)跳变为低电平VGL,使得第五薄膜晶体管T5导通;由于第四薄膜晶体管T4截止,放大薄膜晶体管ATFT的栅极悬空,因此当G(n+1)电位跳变为低电平时,通过第三电容C3的耦合作用,第四节点P4处、即放大薄膜晶体管ATFT的栅极电位也会跟着向下跳变。所述放大薄膜晶体管ATFT栅极电位变化的大小,跟连接在其栅极上的感应电极321上是否有触摸动作发生有关。
当在感应电极321上有触摸动作发生时,由于人体与感应电极321之间会形成耦合电容Cf,因此第四节点P4的电位Vp4为:
Vp4=VDD+(VGL-VGH)*C3/(C3+Cf)
此时,放大薄膜晶体管ATFT的源极与栅极之间的电压V1sg为:
V1sg=Vs-Vg=Vs-Vp4
=VDD-[VDD+(VGL-VGH)*C3/(C3+Cf)]
=(VGH-VGL)*C3/(C3+Cf);
相应的,此时通过感应线Lsense的感应电流Ise大小为:
Ise=Ka(Vsg-|Vtha|)2=Ka(V1sg-|Vtha|)2
=Ka[(VGH-VGL)*C3/(C3+Cf)-|Vtha|]2
其中,Vtha为放大管的阈值电压,Ka为放大管与工艺和设计有关的常数。
当在感应电极321上没有有触摸动作发生时,第四节点P4的电位为:
Vp4=VDD-(VGH-VGL)
此时,放大薄膜晶体管ATFT的源极与栅极之间的电压V2sg为:
V2sg=Vs-Vg=Vs-Vp4
=VDD-[VDD-(VGH-VGL)]=VGH-VGL;
相应的,此时通过感应线Lsense的感应电流Ise大小为:
Ise=Ka(Vsg-|Vtha|)2=Ka(V2sg-|Vtha|)2
=Ka[(VGH-VGL)-|Vtha|]2
综上,当有触摸动作发生时,由于耦合电容Cf的分压作用,引起放大薄膜晶体管ATFT的源极与栅极之间的电压变小,放大薄膜晶体管ATFT的放大能力减弱,从而使得有触摸动作发生时的Ise感应电流的较没有触控动作发生时的感应电流Ise小,因此,该电路中通过感应电流即可判断该处是否有触控动作发生。
本发明实施例还提供了一种显示面板,所述显示面板包括上述的有源矩阵主动有机发光二极管AMOLED像素单元电路。
综上所述,本发明实施例提供的有源矩阵AMOLED像素单元电路包括驱动模块和感应模块;所述驱动模块中设置有驱动薄膜晶体管、第一薄膜晶体管、第二薄膜晶体管、第三薄膜晶体管、第一电容和第二电容,通过控制对第二电容的充放电,保存与驱动管阈值电压相等的匹配管的阈值电压并以此补偿驱动管的阈值电压,使得用于驱动发光二极管发光的驱动电流不受驱动薄膜晶体管的阈值电压的影响,同时,第二电容两端的电压即是驱动管的栅源电压,工作时驱动管栅极处于悬空状态,第二电容的另一端连接于电源正电压输出端,第二电容两端的压差不受线路内阻的影响,因此,消除线路内阻对发光电路的影响,使得该像素电路中同一灰阶电压下AMOLED的驱动电流是一致的,采用该电路的显示面板的亮度不会有差异,提高了显示面板亮度的均一性。更进一步,本发明还将触控模块集成在该电路中,复用了驱动控制模块中的控制信号、响应于该控制信号的第二薄膜晶体管以及本行像素的的扫描信号对第三电容充电,并通过手指触摸的耦合,使得手指触摸信号通过放大薄膜晶体管得以放大,在不增加电路结构和操作复杂性的同时,很好的实现了显示面板的触控功能。此外,该电路中采用单一的P型薄膜晶体管,从而降低了制作工艺的复杂程度和成本
需指出的是,尽管上述实施例中,以单一采用P型薄膜晶体管为例进行了说明,然而,上述电路还可以轻易的改成采用单一的N型薄膜晶体管或CMOS管电路;此外,还可以将触控功能部分去掉,将该驱动触控电路改为纯粹的像素发光驱动电路。而且,尽管上述实施例中以有源矩阵有机发光二极管为例进行了说明,然而本发明不限于使用有源矩阵有机发光二极管的显示装置,也可以应用于使用其他各种发光二极管的显示装置。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (10)

1.一种发光二极管像素单元电路,所述电路包括驱动模块和发光二极管,其特征在于,所述驱动模块包括:驱动薄膜晶体管、第一开关元件、第一电容、第二电容和驱动控制单元;其中,
所述驱动薄膜晶体管的栅极连接第一节点,源极连接电源正电压输出端,漏极连接发光二级管的阳极;
所述发光二级管的阴极连接电源负电压输出端;
所述第一电容位于第一节点与第一开关元件之间;
所述第二电容位于电源正电压输出端和第一节点之间;
所述第一开关元件串联在第一电容和数据线之间;
所述驱动控制单元包括阈值电压与所述驱动薄膜晶体管的阈值电压相匹配的匹配管,位于电源正电压输出端和第一节点之间,用于通过控制所述第二电容充放电,保存匹配管的阈值电压并以此补偿所述驱动薄膜晶体管的阈值电压。
2.如权利要求1所述的电路,其特征在于,所述驱动控制单元包括第二开关元件和第三开关元件;其中,
所述第二开关元件串联在电源正电压输出端和作为驱动控制单元第一连接端的第二节点之间;
所述第三开关元件串联在第一节点和第二节点之间。
3.如权利要求2所述的电路,其特征在于,所述电路还包括感应模块,所述感应模块包括第四开关元件、第五开关元件、第三电容、放大薄膜晶体管和感应元件;其中,
所述第四开关元件串联在第二节点和放大薄膜晶体管的栅极之间;
所述第五开关元件串联在放大薄膜晶体管的漏极和感应线之间;
所述第三电容串联在放大薄膜晶体管的栅极与第五开关元件的控制端之间;
所述感应元件连接所述放大薄膜晶体管的栅极;
所述驱动控制单元通过控制感应模块第三电容充放电,使得感应模块中的触摸信号通过感应模块中的放大薄膜晶体管得以放大。
4.如权利要求3所述的电路,其特征在于,所述第一至第五开关元件分别为第一至第五薄膜晶体管。
5.如权利要求4所述的电路,其特征在于,
所述第一薄膜晶体管的栅极连接本行像素的扫描信号,源极连接数据线,漏极与第一电容的一端连接;
所述第二薄膜晶体管的栅极连接本行像素的控制信号,源极连接电源正电压输出端,漏极连接第三薄膜晶体管的源极;
所述第三薄膜晶体管的栅极与漏极同时连接第一节点,源极与第二薄膜晶体管的漏极连接。
6.如权利要求4所述的电路,其特征在于,
所述第四薄膜晶体管的栅极连接本行像素的控制信号,源极连接第二节点,漏极连接放大薄膜晶体管的栅极;
所述第五薄膜晶体管的栅极连接下一行像素的扫描信号,源极连接放大薄膜晶体管的漏极,漏极连接感应线;
所述放大薄膜晶体管的栅极连接第四薄膜晶体管的漏极,源极连接电源正电压,漏极连接第五薄膜晶体管的源极。
7.如权利要求1~6任一所述的电路,其特征在于,所有薄膜晶体管均为P型薄膜晶体管。
8.如权利要求3所述的电路,其特征在于,所述感应元件为感应电极,用于当人触摸该感应电极时,与人体之间形成感应电容。
9.权利要求4所述的电路,其特征在于,所述第三薄膜晶体管与所述驱动薄膜晶体管的尺寸和形状相同。
10.一种显示面板,其特征在于,所述显示面板包括权利要求1~9任一权项所述的发光二极管像素单元电路。
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