CN103283495A - Method for grafting pepernigrum L. and piperbetle L. - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for grafting pepernigrum L. and piperbetle L., belongs to the technical field of plant breeding, and solves the problem that existing grafted pepper plants are low in survival rate and yield and weak to resist diseases and insects. The method sequentially includes steps of 1), selecting stocks: selecting main tendrils of the piperbetle L. planted for 1-2 years and subjected to suberification as the stocks each year from March to April or July to August; 2), scissoring and ingrafting spikes: scissoring the main tendrils of the pepernigrum L. planted for 2-3 years as the ingrafting spikes; 3), grafting: grafting the stocks in the step 1) and the ingrafting spikes in the step 2) by means of a cleft grafting method. By the method, the pepernigrum L. strains and resistance are improved and economic benefits of the pepernigrum L. are increased.

Description

The grafting method of pepper and Piper wild species betel

Technical field

The invention belongs to the breeding plant technical field, particularly the grafting method of a kind of pepper.

Background technology

Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) belongs to Piperaceae Piper perennial evergreen liane, is the important tropical fragrant hot crop in the world.Pepper has many-sided purposes, and it is the first that its planting scale, output and economic worth occupy in all spices, is called as " king of spices " and " crow (deceiving) gold ".

Improve the pepper kind by the grafting between different pepper strains, relevant grafting test was also done by each pepper producing country of the world.Malay Sarawak farming and forestry portion once arrived cultivar graftings such as Kuching on the resistance stock clone (especially Balamcotta) of India with bud grafting method, but its time-to-live crosses fruiting period.It is scion that this test once utilized the P.colubrinum root rot there is the height resistance, with to the incomplete P.cubeba of root rot resistance and other as: P.hispidum, P.Scabrum etc. is stock, but seldom successful.It is reported [Albuquerque F C., 1968], the common pepper P.nigrum grafting of anti-root rot not on the pepper sibling species P.colubrinum and Fusarium solani var.pipperi stock of the local anti-root rot in Brazilian Amazon River area, but it is reported [Alconero R., 1972], grafting can be wilting behind 4a to the pepper on the P.colubrinum.

Summary of the invention

For solving in the existing pepper technology, the grafting plant survival rate is low, yield poorly, the problem of disease and insect resistance difference, the invention provides the grafting method of a kind of pepper and Piper wild species betel, and its technical scheme is as follows:

The grafting method of pepper and Piper wild species betel comprises following sequential steps:

Step 1: select stock:

Annual the 3-4 month or the 7-8 month, the master who chooses the pepper wild relatives betel (Piper betle L.) after field planting 1-2, the suberification is climing as stock, and described stock is overhead greater than 20 centimetres, and diameter is 1-2 centimetre, no damage by disease and insect, and growing way is vigorous;

Step 2: clip scion:

The master of the pepper of clip field planting 2-3 (Piper nigrum L.) is climing as scion, and the long 3-4 of described scion centimetre, diameter is 0.6 centimetre; Described scion has a joint, 2-3 branch, an axillalry bud; The aerial root prosperity of described scion, no damage by disease and insect has no mechanical damage;

Step 3: grafting:

Stock in the step 1 and the scion in the step 2 are carried out grafting with cleft graft.

As preferred version of the present invention:

It is as follows to carry out the step of grafting with cleft graft in the described step 3:

Stock the step 1 is cut off from distance ground 20-30 centimeters with secateurs, vertically split down from the shear plane of stock with blade then, form dark 1-1.5 centimetre the mouth of splitting;

The lower end of the scion in the step 2 is whittled into wedge shape, the long 1-1.5 of bevel centimetre;

Splitting in the mouth of stock inserted in the wedge shape lower end of scion, make the bevel of scion be close to splitting on the oral thermometer face of stock, the position that scion and stock engage forms the grafting mouth;

With plastic foil the grafting mouth is frapped then, treat that scion grows after the sprouting, the plastic foil that covers on the sprouting is removed, make the scion normal growth.

The present invention is merit and the gene and strong with large leaf pepper grafting affinity that utilizes pepper wild relatives betel to have, the grafting mouth characteristic preferably that heals, improve the pepper strain by specific grafting method, to reach the purpose of improving pepper kind, raising pepper resistance and improving the pepper economic benefit.

The present invention carries out the pepper breed improvement by the pepper grafting, namely utilize wild Piper plant (betel) to make stock, the pepper cultivated species carries out the pepper grafting do scion, and pepper cultivated species and pepper wild relatives affinity are strong, and 10 age stock grafting survival rates reach 70%; 4 age stock grafting survival rates reach 77%; 2 age stock grafting survival rates reach 80%, and the pepper plant root prosperity that grows up to after the grafting is main climing sturdy, and last stake is rapid, and growth potential is strong, and the leaf look dark green, and drought resisting, cold-resistant, resistant to diseases and insects obviously strengthen.The survey showed that for output, and the pepper plant at 2 ages of grafting namely has a small amount of output, and individual plant produces white pepper 0.5kg, the pepper plant at 4 ages of grafting, and individual plant produces white pepper 2.4-3kg, and the output value reaches ten thousand yuan/hm of 7.2-9 ², the pepper plant at 10 ages of grafting, individual plant produces white pepper 4-5kg, and the output value reaches ten thousand yuan/hm of 10-15 ², economic benefit has not improved 15% than before the grafting, considerable benefit.The success of pepper graft technology of the present invention has been opened up new way for the pepper breed improvement, for the collection of pepper germ plasm resource, preservation and characterization and evaluation have been built good technical support platform.

Pepper of the present invention and betel graft technology, successful key is following link:

(1) stock material betel is the wild relatives of pepper, and when the scion of kindred plant and stock combined, Gong Ying nutrition relatively was fit to the other side's needs each other, easily for the other side accepts, and general easy the surviving of grafting; Stock material betel is distributed widely in xeothermic, the damp-heat area in Yunnan, and the scorching weather conditions short of rain in Yunnan dry-hot valley area are had stronger annidation, well developed root system, and the ability that absorbs nutriment is stronger, promotes the grafting plant robust growth.

(2) graft survival rate height after the grafting part suberification, stock forms powerful absorption root at underground part, guarantees grafting plant nutrition supply abundance, the graft survival rate height.

(3) grafting in March, this moment, stock and scion tissue enriched, and temperature, humidity are conducive to cambial vigorous division.

Technique effect: large leaf pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and pepper wild relatives betel (Piper betle L.) are by after the grafting method grafting provided by the invention, large leaf pepper (Piper nigrum L.) growing way is vigorous, resistance strengthens, high yield, stable yields, the pepper dead plant rate obviously reduces, the pepper economic benefit is improved, and the pepper kind obtains improvement, finally promotes the continuation development of pepper industry.

Table 1 grafting pepper and not grafting pepper economical character comparison

Comparative parameter	Grafting pepper not	The grafting pepper
			Hat width of cloth (㎝)	85.2X91.1	132.6X135.2
Plant height (㎝)	253.2	254.1
			Percentage of fertile fruit (%)	36.1%	48.0%
The heavy (㎏ of individual plant fresh fruit)	15.4	17.5
			Fresh and dried than (%)	24.2	25.0
Fruit ear length (㎝)	5.82	7.07
			Fruit footpath (㎝)	0.452	0.581
Plant footpath (㎝)	0.344	0.547
			2 age single plant yield (㎏)	0.25-0.45kg	0.3-0.5kg
4 age single plant yield (㎏)	1.8-2.5kg	2.4－3kg
			10 age single plant yield (㎏)	3.0-4.05kg	4.0－5kg

Remarks: data are the mean value of 15 strain investigation samples in the table.

Table 2 grafting pepper and not grafting pepper disease resistance comparison

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the grafting method of pepper and Piper wild species betel.

Embodiment

The grafting method of pepper as shown in Figure 1 and Piper wild species betel, divide following step to carry out:

(1) choosing of stock betel: the climing stock of doing of master after selected pepper wild relatives betel (the Piper betle L.) suberification of planting 1-2, stock is about 20-30 centimetre overhead, diameter of stock 1-2 centimetre, no damage by disease and insect, growing way is vigorous.

(2) choosing of pepper scion: the selected pepper master in young age who plants 2-3 is climing as scion, the long 3-4 centimetre of scion, and 0.6 centimeter of diameter, 2-3 branch, an axillalry bud, the aerial root prosperity, a joint does not have damage by disease and insect and mechanical damage.

(3) pepper cleft grafting step: cut off with secateurs apart from 20-30 centimetre place, ground pepper wild species betel master is climing, to lead a climing side (longitudinal side) then with the blade dark 1-1.5 centimetre of riving from top to bottom, scion is whittled into wedge shape, the long 1-1.5 centimetre of bevel inserts interface with scion, makes the contact surface of scion and stock smooth, with plastic foil the grafting mouth is sealed at last, treat that scion in 30 days emerges after the sprouting, the plastic foil on the artificial removal sprouting top is to guarantee the normal growth of pepper scion.

(4) pepper grafting time: pepper and pepper wild species betel grafting Best Times are: annual the 3-4 month or the 7-8 month, these two period pepper stocks and scion tissue enrich, and temperature, humidity are conducive to the formation of cambial vigorous division and callus.

By the present invention, will thoroughly solve the single and problems such as the serious hysteresis of pepper breeding of new variety work and breed improvement of China's pepper kind, improve pepper yield per unit area, increase the household economy benefit, promote the stable development of pepper industry.

Claims (2)

1. the grafting method of pepper and Piper wild species betel is characterized in that, comprises following sequential steps:

Step 1: select stock:

Annual the 3-4 month or the 7-8 month, the master who chooses the pepper wild relatives betel (Piper betle L.) after field planting 1-2, the suberification is climing as stock, and described stock is overhead greater than 20 centimetres, and diameter is 1-2 centimetre, no damage by disease and insect, and growing way is vigorous;

Step 2: clip scion:

The master of the pepper of clip field planting 2-3 (Piper nigrum L.) is climing as scion, and the long 3-4 of described scion centimetre, diameter is 0.6 centimetre; Described scion has a joint, 2-3 branch, an axillalry bud; The aerial root prosperity of described scion, no damage by disease and insect has no mechanical damage;

Step 3: grafting:

Stock in the step 1 and the scion in the step 2 are carried out grafting with cleft graft.

2. the grafting method of pepper according to claim 1 and Piper wild species betel is characterized in that:

It is as follows to carry out the step of grafting with cleft graft in the described step 3:

Stock the step 1 is cut off from distance ground 20-30 centimeters with secateurs, vertically split down from the shear plane of stock with blade then, form dark 1-1.5 centimetre the mouth of splitting;

The lower end of the scion in the step 2 is whittled into wedge shape, the long 1-1.5 of bevel centimetre;

Splitting in the mouth of stock inserted in the wedge shape lower end of scion, make the bevel of scion be close to splitting on the oral thermometer face of stock, the position that scion and stock engage forms the grafting mouth;

With plastic foil the grafting mouth is frapped then, treat that scion grows after the sprouting, the plastic foil that covers on the sprouting is removed, make the scion normal growth.

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