CN103270944B - A kind of quick-breeding method of radish breeding material - Google Patents
A kind of quick-breeding method of radish breeding material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103270944B CN103270944B CN201310246929.8A CN201310246929A CN103270944B CN 103270944 B CN103270944 B CN 103270944B CN 201310246929 A CN201310246929 A CN 201310246929A CN 103270944 B CN103270944 B CN 103270944B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of quick-breeding method of radish breeding material, it comprises: (S010) guard is built, and namely selects stock, cross bar, column, threeway connecting ring and column pin to mate assembly and connection respectively and fixes; (S020) radish parent material plantation, by radish sterile line propagation and the radish hybrid combination production of hybrid seeds male parent, maternally to plant according to certain line number is concentrated successively respectively; (S030) radish flower period management, namely removes special-shaped strain, removes fertile plant, retain sterile strain at Radish Bolting to initial bloom stage to male sterile line after transplanting radish plant survives; Maintainer and male parent system are retained and has that typical proterties, floral organ are normal, the plant of Quan Keyu, and within 7 ~ 10 days, use an insecticide before input wall honeybee; (S040) wall honeybee is thrown in and management, namely at radish initial bloom stage, wall honeybee is put into guard, allows the open pollination of wall honeybee, and pollinated rear recovery wall honeybee preserving; (S050) seed harvest.The present invention is simple to operate, cost is low, can significantly improve seed produces amount.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the quick-breeding method of a kind of crop breeding material expanding propagation and seed produces, particularly relate to a kind of quick-breeding method of radish breeding material.
Background technology
In radish breeding process, radish material is along with increase from generation to generation, and under artificial autotelic selection, the merit of radish inbred line is tending towards isozygotying stable, needs to expand grain weight, meets need of production.The ripe male sterile line that radish three-line breeding is formed, maintainer, male parent system (inbred line) can be used for producing, but need to expand male-sterile seed amount, must breed male sterile line; The advantageous combination simultaneously prepared in radish varieties Breeding Process, must adopt an effective means and just can produce a large amount of hybridization radish seeds and meet test needs at different levels.Sterile line propagation and the production of hybrid seeds of hybridization radish often become the technical bottleneck problem by scientific research stage (material is formed) to the Fruits popularize stage (breed formation) in radish breeding process.
Radish belongs to Cruciferae entomophilous flower vegetable crop, and Natural cross pollinatio is normally solid.But, in crossbreeding process, natural isolation is very difficult, at present, most way that breeding units still adopts artificial cabage-type rape, honeybee is put in solarium is produced male-sterile seed and is produced hybridization radish seed, male-sterile seed amount and hybridization radish seed amount are difficult to expand, and not yet have a kind of practicable method head it off.
Above-mentioned known, be necessary prior art perfect further.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is that existing radish quick-breeding method enforcement difficulty is large, cost is high in order to solve, yielding poorly of breeding seed, the problem of need of production cannot be met and propose one and not only implement that difficulty is low, cost is low, the quick-breeding method of the radish breeding material of seed production can be significantly improved.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The quick-breeding method of above-mentioned radish breeding material, it comprises the following steps:
(S010) guard is built
S011) skeleton selection: select corrosion resistant stock, cross bar and column, then select the threeway connecting ring matched with stock, cross bar and column respectively and the column pin selecting intensity high:
S012) install: by step S011) described in column pin install at a certain distance, then described column is mated with described column pin and is connected and fixed; Then a described connecting ring is installed on the top of each described column, described stock, cross bar and column are mated with the corresponding joints on described connecting ring be connected and fixed respectively; Most back cover online cover also installs at least one wire drawing door on guard;
(S020) radish parent material plantation
Radish sterile line propagation is identical with the Planting pattern of the radish hybrid combination production of hybrid seeds, is all male parent, female parent are concentrated plantation respectively successively according to certain line number;
(S030) radish flower period management
In the radish plant survived, remove the special-shaped strain in material, bolting checks radish fertility to initial bloom stage; In radish sterile material, remove fertile plant or half sterile strain, retain all sterile plants that male sterile line has typical Floral organ structure; Maintainer and male parent system all retain the plant having typical proterties, floral organ and normally, all can educate; An insecticide within 7 ~ 10 days, is used before input wall honeybee;
(S040) wall honeybee is thrown in and management
When radish initial bloom stage temperature is stabilized in more than 10 DEG C, wall honeybee cocoon is taken out from refrigerator, deposits 2 ~ 4 days at ambient temperature, after allowing wall honeybee enter active state, put into guard again; Following equipment should be possessed: brace table, honeycomb, honeybee box and mud device during input; First set up brace table on ground, honeycomb is placed on brace table, covers on honeycomb with the sunproof cover plate of anti-rain; Mud device is put on honeycomb side, puts into earth, add water and mix well in mud device, modulates every 2 ~ 3 days use water depending on weather condition, keeps mud to be in viscous pasty state; After wall honeybee has pollinated, get back in honeycomb when wall honeybee completes life cycle, honeycomb mouth can be sealed by mud, after waiting until that radish blossom fall is complete again, honeycomb is regained and is placed into the cool place place of aeration-drying, Second Year was taken honeycomb apart and is taken out honeybee cocoon before the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), load in carton, be placed in 0-5 DEG C of refrigerator and preserve;
(S050) seed harvest
After the radish florescence terminates, separated by Parent, then the results when radish angle fruit turns yellow, start threshing through after-ripening in 3 ~ 5 days.
The quick-breeding method of described radish breeding material, wherein: described step S012) after installation, reinforce at guard four angle iron wires, at interconnecting part plastic film or woven bag parcel.
The quick-breeding method of described radish breeding material, wherein: described in described step (S010), stock, cross bar and column are galvanized pipe structure; Described column pin is concrete stake structure, the pre-buried steel pipe in its center, top, and the steel pipe be embedded in concrete stake adds two reinforcing bars, in addition on column pin top with reinforcement installation two extension ditches.
The quick-breeding method of described radish breeding material, wherein: in described step (S020), maternal (male sterile line) plants 15 ~ 20 row, and male parent (maintainer or male parent system) plants 3 ~ 5 row, carries out successively.
The quick-breeding method of described radish breeding material, wherein: cover plate described in described step (S040) adopts asbestos shingle or hardboard; Described mud device adopts porcelain dish, little bowl, plastic basin etc., or is digging the little heatable adobe sleeping platform with diameter about 40cm from the ground close to guard, the end, hole paving layer of plastic film, adds to bury and water mixes foundry loam shape; Described honeycomb mouth is placed towards the leeward direction faced south.
Beneficial effect:
The quick-breeding method operating procedure of radish breeding material of the present invention is simple, especially utilize wall beekeeping equipment to have habit of solely dwelling, do not frighten random flying, grow noiseless between individuality, do not collide guard, visit the feature that flower rate is high, revolutionize the technical barrier of radish florescence pollination difficulty, replace honeybee pollination with wall honeybee completely, significantly improve Pollination Effect; Meanwhile, guard skeleton can standardized production, and installation and removal are convenient, and nylon guard and guard skeleton can according to material require adjusting sizes, and easy and simple to handle, applicability is strong; Moreover, change this planting proportion of conventional parent, allow male parent concentrate plantation, more convenient during results seed, not only ensure that seed purity, but also avoid people for mixing; But from seed-setting situation, wall honeybee Pollination Effect, considerably beyond honeybee pollination, is more above artificial pollination.Thus, by wall honeybee pollination breeding male sterile lines seed and the hybrid combination of production of hybrid seeds radish, can increase sharply seed amount, ensure seed quality, production cost is low, be a kind of effective acceleration radish breeding material to the good method of achievements conversion, be suitable for propagation and employment.
Embodiment
The quick-breeding method of radish breeding material of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
S010, guard are built
S011, carcasing: select 10 long 6m, the stock of the system made of galvanized pipe of external diameter 20mm; Select 6 long 8m, the cross bar of the system made of galvanized pipe of external diameter 20mm; Select 12 long 3.0m, the column of the system made of galvanized pipe of external diameter 25mm; Select the triplet type connecting ring matched with stock, cross bar and column respectively; Select the column pin of 12 long 40cm × wide 30cm × high 20cm concrete stake structure, the pre-buried steel pipe in its center, top, the steel pipe be embedded in concrete stake adds the reinforcing bar of two 16mm, in addition on column pin top with reinforcement installation two extension ditches;
S012, installation: install a column pin at interval of 6m, mate column with column pin and be connected and fixed, then a threeway connecting ring is installed on each column top, then stock, cross bar, column mated with corresponding joints on threeway connecting ring respectively and be connected and fixed; Then the upper nylon guard of cover, wherein, each installation wire drawing door on the nylon wire of narrow limit; After installation, reinforce at guard four angle iron wires, at interconnecting part plastic film or textile bag parcel;
S020, radish parent material are planted
Radish sterile line propagation is identical with the Planting pattern of the radish hybrid combination production of hybrid seeds, and namely male parent concentrates plantation, and meanwhile, maternal (male sterile line) plants 15 ~ 20 row, and male parent (maintainer or male parent system) plants 3 ~ 5 row, carries out successively;
S030, radish flower period management
In the radish plant survived, remove the special-shaped strain in material, bolting checks radish fertility to initial bloom stage; In radish sterile material, remove fertile plant or half sterile strain, retain male sterile line and there is typical Floral organ structure, namely retain 100% sterile plant; Maintainer and male parent system all retain and have that typical proterties, floral organ are normal, the plant of Quan Keyu; An anti-aphid of insecticide within 7 ~ 10 days, is used, later no longer applying pesticides before input wall honeybee;
S040, wall honeybee are thrown in and management
When radish initial bloom stage temperature is stabilized in more than 10 DEG C, wall honeybee cocoon takes out by (about first 7 days of initial bloom stage) from refrigerator, deposit 2 ~ 4 days at ambient temperature, put into guard again after allowing wall honeybee enter active state, also can throw in wall honeybee according to radish situation of blooming in batches;
Wall honeybee should possess following equipment when throwing in: brace table, honeycomb, honeybee box, mud device; Wherein, first set up brace table (fragment of brick) on ground, be placed on by honeycomb on brace table, cover the anti-Exposure to Sunlight of anti-rain on honeycomb with asbestos shingle or hardboard, honeycomb mouth is towards leeward direction on the sunny side; If solar radiation intensity is little or do not rain between pollination period, specific requirement is not done to honeybee box placement location, allow wall honeybee oneself pip; When the time is more urgent, the way of artificial cocoon-break also can be taked to allow wall honeybee out in advance; Mud device is put on honeycomb side, earth is put in mud device, add water and mix well, depending on weather condition, every use water modulation in 2 ~ 3 days, mud is kept to be in viscous pasty state, mud device can use porcelain dish, little bowl, plastic basin etc., also can dig the little heatable adobe sleeping platform with diameter about 40cm from the ground close to guard, hole the end paving layer of plastic film, add bury and water mix foundry loam shape;
30 ~ 40 days radish florescences, after wall honeybee has pollinated, wall honeybee completes life cycle and gets back in honeycomb, honeycomb mouth can be sealed by mud, then after waiting until that blossom fall is complete, honeycomb is regained the cool place place being placed into aeration-drying, Second Year was taken honeycomb apart and is taken out honeybee cocoon before the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), load in carton, be placed in 0-5 DEG C of refrigerator and preserve;
S050, seed harvest
After the radish florescence terminates, in order to avoid seed mechanical admixture, by adjacent for Parent plant separately; The results when radish angle fruit turns yellow, start threshing through after-ripening in 3 ~ 5 days.
Wherein, the guard skeleton in step S010 can standardized production, Optional assembling; Guard skeleton may be combined with into plurality of specifications, as 6 × 8 × 3.5m, and 12 × 8 × 3.5m, 18 × 8 × 3.5m, 24 × 8 × 3.5m, 36 × 8 × 3.5m etc.; After the radish florescence terminates, separate nylon gauze and guard skeleton in time, and safeguard guard skeleton, cleaning guard dries for subsequent use; Check whether guard has breakage every day, have damaged will sewing and mend in time, in order to avoid the insects such as the honeybee of outside, butterfly, fly enter in guard, affect seed purity;
Wall honeybee in step S040 belongs to Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, wall honeybee genus, clustering is solely dwelt insect, has a sweet temper, not afraid of one's shadow, 1 year generation, with ovum, larva, pupa, adult, in nest pipe, more the summer survives the winter, and go out cocoon rate and be about 80%, its great advantage has solely dwelling property, noiseless mutually, can not collide guard, not need artificial feeding, management is simple;
In step S050 during seed harvest, the seed in sterile line propagation guard, male sterile line plant gathered in the crops is male-sterile seed, and the seed that maintainer is gathered in the crops is still maintainer seed; The seed in hybrid combination guard, male sterile line gathered in the crops is the combination of hybridization radish, and the seed that male parent fastens results is still male parent system seed.
The present invention is simple to operate, especially changes this planting patterns of conventional parent, male parent is concentrated cultivation, avoids impurity of seeds; Changing traditional honeybee pollination is the pollination of wall honeybee, improves wall honeybee pollination probability, the operational procedure of perfect wall honeybee pollination; Wherein, carry out under isolation condition, can effectively prevent insect from entering pollination in guard; Guard carcasing can standardized production, the needs of the applicable different materials of all size, and installation and removal are convenient, and skeleton stability is high, practical; Save artificial pollination cost, improve pollination quality and seed production.
Claims (4)
1. a quick-breeding method for radish breeding material, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(S010) guard is built
S011) skeleton selection: select corrosion resistant stock, cross bar and column, then select the threeway connecting ring matched with stock, cross bar and column respectively and the column pin selecting intensity high; Described stock, cross bar and column are galvanized pipe structure; Described column pin is concrete stake structure, the pre-buried steel pipe in its center, top, and the steel pipe be embedded in concrete stake adds two reinforcing bars, in addition on column pin top with reinforcement installation two hook;
S012) install: by step S011) described in column pin install at a certain distance, then described column is mated with described column pin and is connected and fixed; Then a described connecting ring is installed on the top of each described column, described stock, cross bar and column are mated with the corresponding joints on described connecting ring be connected and fixed respectively; Most back cover online cover also installs at least one wire drawing door on guard;
(S020) radish parent material plantation
The male sterile line of radish sterile line propagation material and maintainer concentrate plantation successively according to certain line number, and male sterile line, the male parent system of the radish hybrid combination production of hybrid seeds also concentrate plantation successively according to certain line number;
(S030) radish flower period management
In the radish plant survived, remove the special-shaped strain in material, bolting checks radish fertility to initial bloom stage; In radish sterile material, remove fertile plant or half sterile strain, retain all sterile plants that male sterile line has typical Floral organ structure; Maintainer and male parent system all retain the plant having typical proterties, floral organ and normally, all can educate; An insecticide within 7 ~ 10 days, is used before input wall honeybee;
(S040) wall honeybee is thrown in and management
When radish initial bloom stage temperature is stabilized in more than 10 DEG C, wall honeybee cocoon is taken out from refrigerator, deposits 2 ~ 4 days at ambient temperature, after allowing wall honeybee enter active state, put into guard again;
Following equipment should be possessed: brace table, honeycomb, honeybee box and mud device during input; First set up brace table on ground, honeycomb is placed on brace table, covers on honeycomb with the sunproof cover plate of anti-rain; Mud device is put on honeycomb side, puts into earth, add water and mix well in mud device, modulates every 2 ~ 3 days use water depending on weather condition, keeps mud to be in viscous pasty state;
After wall honeybee has pollinated, get back in honeycomb when wall honeybee completes life cycle, honeycomb mouth can be sealed by mud, after waiting until that radish blossom fall is complete again, honeycomb is regained and is placed into the cool place place of aeration-drying, Second Year was taken honeycomb apart and is taken out honeybee cocoon before the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), load in carton, be placed in 0-5 DEG C of refrigerator and preserve;
(S050) seed harvest
After the radish florescence terminates, separated by Parent, then the results when radish angle fruit turns yellow, start threshing through after-ripening in 3 ~ 5 days.
2. the quick-breeding method of radish breeding material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described step S012) after installation, reinforce at guard four angle iron wires, at interconnecting part plastic film or woven bag parcel.
3. the quick-breeding method of radish breeding material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (S020), male sterile line plants 15 ~ 20 row, 3 ~ 5 row are planted by maintainer or male parent system, carry out successively.
4. the quick-breeding method of radish breeding material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: cover plate described in described step (S040) adopts asbestos shingle or hardboard; Described mud device adopts porcelain dish, little bowl, plastic basin, or is digging the little heatable adobe sleeping platform of diameter about 40cm from the ground close to guard, the end, hole paving layer of plastic film, adds to bury and water mixes foundry loam shape; Described honeycomb mouth is placed towards the leeward direction faced south.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104969854A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-10-14 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | High pollination rate biological pollination method adopting megachilid attractant |
| CN105145088B (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2017-08-11 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of implantation methods of radish germ plasm resource |
| CN108834877A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-11-20 | 黄冈市农业科学院 | A kind of method of the radish wall bee pollination purification and rejuvenation production of hybrid seeds |
| CN110235778A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-09-17 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of propagation method of radish parent material |
| CN112586131A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-02 | 奉节县承青蔬菜种植专业合作社 | Radish seed cultivation method |
| CN113854086B (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-06-27 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Method and device for preparing radish seeds by using osmia |
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