CN103238637B - Botanical pesticide for preventing and treating potato ring rot and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Botanical pesticide for preventing and treating potato ring rot and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103238637B CN103238637B CN201310184445.5A CN201310184445A CN103238637B CN 103238637 B CN103238637 B CN 103238637B CN 201310184445 A CN201310184445 A CN 201310184445A CN 103238637 B CN103238637 B CN 103238637B
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Abstract
The invention provides a botanical pesticide for preventing and treating potato ring rot and a preparation method of the botanical pesticide. The botanical pesticide takes an extract of a mixture of smartweed and athyrium niponicum as a main raw material; a solvent ethanol, an emulsifying agent Tween-80 and hard water are used; and then a mixture is packaged to obtain a smartweed-athyrium niponicum missible oil pesticide product. Potato seeds or potato blocks are immersed by the smartweed-athyrium niponicum missible oil pesticide to achieve the better prevention and treatment effect. The smartweed-athyrium niponicum missible oil pesticide disclosed by the invention not only has good effect in preventing and treating the potato ring rot, but also is harmless to potatoes and does not pollute soil, an underground water source and agricultural products; and the botanical pesticide is safe to human beings, has the effect of green manures and can improve soil physical and chemical properties, so that the botanical pesticide is an ideal botanical pesticide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to botanical pesticide, specifically a kind of mixture taking smartweed powder and female dragon powder is prevented and treated natural plants source pesticide of potato bacterial ring rot and preparation method thereof as primary raw material.
Background technology
Potato bacterial ring rot claims again to take turns maize ear rot, is commonly called as rotten, the yellow eyelet of turn-taking, and is a kind of global by bacterial vascular bundle diseases.In China, first this disease was found in Heilungkiang the 1950's.After due to potato seed allocation and transportation, in succession reach the ground such as Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongol, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Hebei, Beijing, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Guangxi.Spread all at present each potato producing region, the whole nation.After potato is caused harm by ring rot, often cause plant seriously to wilt, even dead, larger to yield effect, the heavy plot of falling ill can the underproduction 30%～60%.During storing, can increase the weight of this disease and occur, greatly reduce commodity value, often cause stem tuber to rot in a large number, even rotten cellar for storing things.
The chemical pesticides such as current main employing copper sulphate, potassium permanganate, acid mercuric chloride, fenaminosulf carry out medical treatment to potato bacterial ring rot.But due to unreasonable use and the chemical pesticide intrinsic shortcoming itself of people to chemical pesticide, cause chemical pesticide in use to produce the problems such as environmental pollution, person poultry poisoning, residue of pesticide.Along with the raising of people's quality of life and the enhancing of environmental consciousness, exploitation becomes the new focus of pesticide field research to the botanical pesticide of person poultry safety, pollution-free, low toxicity, low-residual.
Smartweed (Polygonum orientale L.) is annual herb plant, is Common Wild weeds and farmland weed, is distributed widely in national each provinces and regions, happiness by the road, limit, ditch growth." Mingyi Bielu " record smartweed has dispels rheumatism, clearing heat and detoxicating effect.Female dragon (Athyrium Roth) is widely distributed in temperate zone, the world and tropical alpine region.There is effect of clearing heat and detoxicating, diuresis, hemostasis, the various diseases such as dysentery, swelling and pain relieving, traumatism and bleeding for the treatment of with it among the people.Show according to experiment, the extract of the mixture of smartweed powder and female dragon powder has obvious bactericidal effect to the rotten subspecies of Michigan clavibacter ring that cause potato bacterial ring rot, and the potato that potato bacterial ring rot is infected has certain control efficiency.The report of the current botanical pesticide of preventing and treating potato bacterial ring rot is little, prevents and treats the botanical pesticide of potato bacterial ring rot taking smartweed powder and female dragon powder as developing material, for the volume increase of potato provides new approach, has certain social effect and market prospects.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of botanical pesticide of preventing and treating potato bacterial ring rot and preparation method thereof.
A kind of botanical pesticide provided by the invention, the extract that contains smartweed and female dragon mixture.
Prevent and treat a botanical pesticide for potato bacterial ring rot, components based on weight percentage: the extract medicinal extract 10%～30% of smartweed and female dragon mixture, ethanol 1%～3%, Tween-80 0.5%～2%, surplus is water.
Optimum ratio, components based on weight percentage is calculated: the extract medicinal extract 18% of smartweed and female dragon mixture, ethanol 2.5%, Tween-80 1.5%, hard water 78%.
The extract medicinal extract of described smartweed and female dragon mixture obtains by the following method: by smartweed powder and female dragon powder by weight 1～9 ︰ 1 mix, mixture mixes with ethanol in the ratio of mass volume ratio 1 ︰ 5～30,40～98 DEG C of refluxing extraction 4～12 hours, reduced pressure concentration was removed alcohol solvent and is obtained extract medicinal extract.
A preparation method who prevents and treats the botanical pesticide of potato bacterial ring rot, comprises the steps:
(1) first smartweed and female dragon are cleaned with clear water, after drying, pulverizing, crossed 60～100 mesh sieves;
(2) by the smartweed powder after sieving and female dragon powder by weight 1～9 ︰ 1 mix, mixed mixture is mixed with ethanol in the ratio of solid-liquid mass volume ratio 1 ︰ 5～30,40～98 DEG C of refluxing extraction 4～12 hours, obtain the extractant of smartweed and female dragon mixture;
(3) by the extractant of smartweed and female dragon mixture at 40～60 DEG C, reduced pressure concentration is removed alcohol solvent and is obtained the extract medicinal extract of smartweed and female dragon mixture;
(4) smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide configuration: components based on weight percentage, the extract medicinal extract 10%～30% of smartweed and female dragon mixture, ethanol 1%～3%, Tween-80 0.5%～2%, surplus is water; First dissolve extract medicinal extract with ethanol, then add all the other components to mix.
The effect of the various auxiliary materials that use in botanical pesticide of the present invention: ethanol: extract solvent, can well dissolve the extract medicinal extract of smartweed and female dragon mixture.Diffusion velocity and solvability according to the extract medicinal extract of smartweed and female dragon mixture in benzene,toluene,xylene, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methyl alcohol, DMF, filtering out ethanol is the solvent that dissolves medicinal extract.And ethanol has, and toxicity is little, low price, moderate boiling point, be difficult for the advantages such as moldy metamorphism, it is the ideal solvent that dissolves the extract medicinal extract of smartweed and female dragon mixture; Tween-80: emulsifier, has emulsification, dispersion, solubilising and the effect such as wetting.
A kind of application method of the botanical pesticide of preventing and treating potato bacterial ring rot:
When kind of potato, the potato piece cutting or potato seed are put into the smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide preparing and soak 5～15 minutes, after taking-up, dry, can plant potato.
In sum, smartweed-female dragon missible oil botanical pesticide provided by the invention, can effectively control the serious harm of potato bacterial ring rot to potato, and to potato nonhazardous, can significantly promote the yield and quality of potato, free from environmental pollution, keep ecological balance, healthy and safe, be a kind of desirable botanical pesticide.
Brief description of the drawings
The fungistatic effect experiment of Fig. 1 smartweed-female dragon missible oil, in figure, 1 is the fungistatic effect of smartweed-female dragon missible oil, 2 is contrast.
Embodiment:
(1) first smartweed and female dragon are cleaned with clear water, after drying, pulverizing, crossed 100 mesh sieves;
(2) after 5 kilograms of smartweed powder after sifting out are mixed with the female dragon powder of 5 kilograms, add the ethanol of 50L, 40 DEG C of refluxing extraction 4 hours, obtain the extractant of smartweed and female dragon mixture;
(3) by the extractant of smartweed and female dragon mixture at 60 DEG C, reduced pressure concentration is removed alcohol solvent and is obtained the extract medicinal extract of smartweed and female dragon mixture;
(4) smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide configuration: raw material proportioning: 1 kilogram of the extract medicinal extract of smartweed and female dragon mixture, 0.1 kilogram of ethanol, 0.05 kilogram of Tween-80,8.85 kilograms of hard water.First dissolve extract medicinal extract with ethanol, then add all the other components to mix.
(1) first smartweed and female dragon are cleaned with clear water, after drying, pulverizing, crossed 100 mesh sieves;
(2) after 9 kilograms of smartweed powder after sifting out are mixed with the female dragon powder of 1 kilogram, add the ethanol of 300L, 98 DEG C of refluxing extraction 12 hours, obtain the extractant of smartweed and female dragon mixture;
(3) by the extractant of smartweed and female dragon mixture at 60 DEG C, reduced pressure concentration is removed alcohol solvent and is obtained the extract medicinal extract of smartweed and female dragon mixture.
(4) smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide configuration: raw material proportioning: 3 kilograms of the extract medicinal extract of smartweed and female dragon mixture, 0.3 kilogram of ethanol, 0.2 kilogram of Tween-80,6.5 kilograms of hard water.First dissolve extract medicinal extract with ethanol, then add all the other components to mix.
Embodiment 3
(1) first smartweed and female dragon are cleaned with clear water, after drying, pulverizing, crossed 100 mesh sieves;
(2) after 8 kilograms of smartweed powder after sifting out are mixed with the female dragon powder of 2 kilograms, add the ethanol of 200L, 80 DEG C of refluxing extraction 10 hours, obtain the extractant of smartweed and female dragon mixture;
(3) by the extractant of smartweed and female dragon mixture at 60 DEG C, reduced pressure concentration is removed alcohol solvent and is obtained the extract medicinal extract of smartweed and female dragon mixture.
(4) smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide configuration: raw material proportioning: 1.8 kilograms of the extract medicinal extract of smartweed and female dragon mixture, 0.25 kilogram of ethanol, 0.15 kilogram of Tween-80,7.8 kilograms of hard water.
Embodiment 4
Prepare smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide by embodiment 3, taking water as contrast, carry out the bacteriostatic experiment of the rotten subspecies of Michigan clavibacter ring to causing potato bacterial ring rot, as shown in Figure 1, the fungistatic effect of smartweed-female dragon missible oil reaches 23.22mm to its result.
Embodiment 5
Prepare smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide according to embodiment 3, potato piece or potato seed are soaked in to 10 minutes (table 2) in each processing.4000 potato pieces or potato seed are soaked in each processing, after drying, each potato piece of processing is all connected to the rotten subspecies of Michigan clavibacter ring that cause potato bacterial ring rot, at 28 DEG C, cultivate and within 6 days, observe the bad potato number of statistics, calculate preventive effect by following formula, the preventive effect that draws smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide is 68%～83%.
The preventive effect of table 2 smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide
Embodiment 6
Each potato piece of processing is all connected to the rotten subspecies of Michigan clavibacter ring that cause potato bacterial ring rot, prepares smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide according to embodiment 3, and potato piece or potato seed are soaked in to 10 minutes (table 3) in each processing.4000 potato pieces or potato seed are soaked in each processing, after drying, cultivate at 28 DEG C and within 6 days, observe the bad potato number of statistics, and by following formula calculating result for the treatment of, the result for the treatment of that draws smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide is 72%～86%.
The result for the treatment of of table 3 smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide
Embodiment 7
Stability test, according to the method for GB GB1603-79, smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide at 32 DEG C ± 2 DEG C, static 1 hour, there is no missible oil, heavy oil or Precipitation, test result is qualified; Dispersed test, according to domestic common method, smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide can freely be separated into rapidly clear solution, diffusion completely, test result is qualified; Heat storage stability test, according to domestic common method, smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide is put into 54 DEG C ± 2 DEG C insulating box heat storages and is taken out for 14 days, together with normal temperature contrast, controlling object is carried out to biological activity determination, there is no significant difference, test result is qualified; Low-temperature stability test, according to domestic common method, smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide is placed 7 days in the refrigerator of-10 DEG C～-12 DEG C, observes at once missible oil state situation of change, and without freezing, layering and deposited phenomenon, test result is qualified.In ultraviolet light stability test, smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide has stronger stability to ultraviolet light.Determination of moisture, according to MT30 aquametry, water content≤0.5% of smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide, test result is qualified.
Claims (6)
1. a botanical pesticide of preventing and treating potato bacterial ring rot, is characterized in that, components based on weight percentage: the extract medicinal extract 10%～30% of smartweed and female dragon mixture, and ethanol 1%～3%, Tween-80 0.5%～2%, surplus is water;
The extract medicinal extract of described smartweed and female dragon mixture obtains by the following method: by smartweed powder and female dragon powder by weight 1～9 ︰ 1 mix, mixture mixes with ethanol in the ratio of mass volume ratio 1 ︰ 5～30,40～98 DEG C of refluxing extraction 4～12 hours, reduced pressure concentration was removed alcohol solvent and is obtained extract medicinal extract.
2. a kind of botanical pesticide of preventing and treating potato bacterial ring rot as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that components based on weight percentage: the extract medicinal extract 18% of smartweed and female dragon mixture, ethanol 2.5%, Tween-80 1.5%, hard water 78%.
3. a preparation method who prevents and treats the botanical pesticide of potato bacterial ring rot, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) first smartweed and female dragon are cleaned with clear water, after drying, pulverizing, crossed 60～100 mesh sieves;
(2) by the smartweed powder after sieving and female dragon powder by weight 1～9 ︰ 1 mix, mixture is mixed with ethanol in the ratio of solid-liquid mass volume ratio 1 ︰ 5～30,40～98 DEG C of refluxing extraction 4～12 hours, obtain the extractant of smartweed and female dragon mixture;
(3) by the extractant of smartweed and female dragon mixture at 40～60 DEG C, reduced pressure concentration is removed alcohol solvent and is obtained the extract medicinal extract of smartweed and female dragon mixture;
(4) smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide configuration: components based on weight percentage, the extract medicinal extract 10%～30% of smartweed and female dragon mixture, ethanol 1%～3%, Tween-80 0.5%～2%, surplus is water; First dissolve extract medicinal extract with ethanol, then add all the other components to mix.
4. the preparation method of a kind of botanical pesticide of preventing and treating potato bacterial ring rot as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, in described step (2), smartweed powder and female dragon powder mix by 4 ︰ 1.
5. the preparation method of a kind of botanical pesticide of preventing and treating potato bacterial ring rot as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), mixture is pressed to solid-liquid mass volume ratio 1 ︰ 20 to be mixed with ethanol, 80 DEG C of refluxing extraction 10 hours, obtain the extractant of smartweed and female dragon mixture.
6. an application method of preventing and treating the botanical pesticide of potato bacterial ring rot, is characterized in that, the potato piece cutting or potato seed is put into the smartweed-female dragon emulsifiable concentrate pesticide preparing by claim 3 step (4) and soak 5～15 minutes, dries sowing after taking-up.
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| CN106614761A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-05-10 | 山西大学 | Plant-sourced pesticide for controlling tomato canker disease and preparation method thereof |
| CN108271813A (en) * | 2018-01-21 | 2018-07-13 | 王小凤 | A kind of apple that sugar content is low cultivates agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN109699690B (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2021-03-30 | 山西大学 | Botanical fungicide for resisting cabbage soft rot |
| CN115053918B (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-09-22 | 山西大学 | Chitosan nanoparticle of Chinese hoof fern volatile oil as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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