CN109699690B - Botanical fungicide for resisting cabbage soft rot - Google Patents
Botanical fungicide for resisting cabbage soft rot Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a botanical fungicide for resisting cabbage soft rot pathogen, which is prepared by taking polygonum hydropiper volatile oil as a main material and preparing ethanol, tween-20 and water; the polygonum orientale volatile oil is prepared by the following method: pulverizing herba Polygoni Hydropiperis, sieving, soaking in water, and extracting by steam distillation to obtain volatile oil. The bactericide has simple preparation method and low cost. The bactericide has remarkable bactericidal effect on erwinia carotovora (Chinese cabbage soft rot germ) causing Chinese cabbage soft rot. After the sterilizing agent is sprayed on the Chinese cabbage, the sterilizing agent can play a good role in preventing and treating the soft rot of the Chinese cabbage, has good product dispersibility and stability, does not pollute the environment, has no residue, can play a role in green manure, and is an ideal botanical sterilizing agent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a botanical fungicide, in particular to a botanical fungicide for resisting Chinese cabbage soft rot bacteria, which takes polygonum hydropiper volatile oil as a main raw material.
Background
Chinese cabbage is the main vegetable in winter and spring in northeast and north China. The soft rot of Chinese cabbage, commonly called as pimple rot and rot disease, is a destructive disease in Chinese cabbage production, the yield loss is generally 5% -20%, and serious plots even no harvest. The soft rot disease of Chinese cabbage is caused by invasion of Erwinia carotovora (Chinese cabbage soft rot bacteria) through wound of Chinese cabbage, or by rainwater, insect transmission, etc. The Chinese cabbage is rotted after being infected by germs, the rotted Chinese cabbage leaves infected in the later period are dehydrated and dried, the leaves are stuck to leaf balls in a semitransparent thin paper shape, and finally the whole vegetable ball is softened and rotted to emit foul smell. In addition, in addition to the field growth period, soft rot of Chinese cabbage can also cause the Chinese cabbage to rot during transportation and storage, resulting in loss.
At present, chemical bactericides such as cuaminosulfate, fenaminosulf and the like are mainly used for the drug control of Chinese cabbage soft rot. However, it is known that chemical fungicides can cause pollution of soil and water resources, harm of pesticide residue and the like, and also cause edible safety hazard of agricultural products. With the increasing awareness of people on environmental protection and food and agricultural product eating safety, research and development of an efficient and pollution-free botanical fungicide for inhibiting cabbage soft rot is urgently needed, and a new way is provided for green prevention and control of the cabbage soft rot.
Polygonum tinctorium L belongs to large herbaceous plants, can reach two meters, and is widely distributed all over the country. The red knotweed grows very quickly, can grow vigorously in both wild and cultivated fields, and has strong adaptability. Because the polygonum orientale has high yield and is easy to obtain materials, the polygonum orientale can provide a stable source for the research and development of plant source bactericides. The experimental result shows that the polygonum hydropiper volatile oil has strong bacteriostatic effect on cabbage soft rot germs. The botanical fungicide prepared by taking the polygonum orientale volatile oil as the main material has good prevention effect and treatment effect on cabbage soft rot. Therefore, research and development of the polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide can provide an effective way for green prevention and control of cabbage soft rot fungi.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a green botanical fungicide for resisting cabbage soft rot pathogen, which takes polygonum hydropiper volatile oil as a main raw material.
The invention provides a botanical fungicide for resisting cabbage soft rot pathogen, which contains polygonum orientale volatile oil. The volatile oil of herba Polygoni Hydropiperis mainly comprises alcohol, alkane, and terpenoid. The components have no pollution to crops and soil environment, are beneficial to human health, and can be used as a green environment-friendly bactericide product.
A botanical fungicide for resisting Chinese cabbage soft rot pathogen comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2-4% of polygonum orientale volatile oil, 202-8% of tween-202, 8-15% of ethanol and the balance of water.
Preferably, the components are calculated by weight percentage: polygonum tinctorium volatile oil 3%, Tween-208%, ethanol 12%, and water in balance.
The polygonum orientale volatile oil is prepared by the following steps: (1) collecting polygonum orientale, cleaning, airing under natural conditions, crushing, and sieving with a 60-100-mesh sieve; (2) taking polygonum orientale powder, adding 8-12 times of water according to the mass, mixing, soaking for 0-24 hours, and extracting for 3-9 hours by a steam distillation method to obtain polygonum orientale volatile oil.
Preferably, the polygonum orientale volatile oil is prepared by the following steps: (1) collecting polygonum orientale, cleaning, airing under natural conditions, crushing, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve; (2) taking the polygonum orientale powder, adding 10 times of water according to the mass, mixing, soaking for 3 hours, and extracting for 8 hours by a steam distillation method to obtain the polygonum orientale volatile oil.
A method for applying botanical fungicide for resisting cabbage soft rot pathogen comprises diluting polygonum hydropiper volatile oil botanical fungicide by 0-320 times with water, and spraying on leaf surface of cabbage for 1-2 times.
Preferably, the polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide is diluted by 0-80 times with water and sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the Chinese cabbage for 1 time.
The function of each auxiliary material in the invention is as follows: ethanol and solvent, low price and low toxicity, and can better dissolve the polygonum orientale volatile oil. Dissolving the polygonum hydropiper volatile oil by using ethanol, methanol, DMSO, petroleum ether, acetone and n-butanol, and screening out ethanol as a solvent of the polygonum hydropiper volatile oil botanical fungicide according to the solubility, diffusivity and environmental safety. The plant source bactericide is prepared by using Tween-20, Tween-80, OP-10, Span-80, PEG-600, PEG-400 and NP-40 as emulsifiers. The results of sterilization toxicity experiments show that the plant source emulsifiable concentrates prepared from OP-10 and Tween-20 have good sterilization effects. But OP-10 is not easy to degrade, which may cause adverse effect to environment and organism, and Tween-20 has good emulsification and dispersion effects, so Tween-20 is finally selected as the emulsifier of the polygonum hydropiper volatile oil botanical fungicide.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
toxicity sterilization experiments show that the polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide has an obvious sterilization effect, and the diameter of a bacteriostasis zone is 14.18-16.88 mm. The polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide has the prevention effect on cabbage soft rot disease: 83.33 to 98.67 percent on day 3 and 50 to 94.67 percent on day 5; the treatment effect on the cabbage soft rot disease is as follows: 75 to 97.33 percent on day 3 and 50 to 94.67 percent on day 5. Especially, the polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide stock solution has 90% of prevention and treatment effects on cabbage soft rot, which shows that the polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide stock solution has a very good prevention and treatment effect on cabbage soft rot. The dispersion experiment shows that the botanical fungicide of the polygonum orientale volatile oil can be rapidly diffused and has good dispersion. Stability experiments show that the botanical fungicide of the polygonum hydropiper volatile oil is static for 1 hour at the temperature of 32 +/-2 ℃, no precipitate or missible oil is separated out, and the stability is good. Ultraviolet light stability experiments show that the polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide has good environmental stability to ultraviolet light and does not need light-proof treatment in application.
In conclusion, the polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide provided by the invention has an obvious sterilization effect on cabbage soft rot, has an obvious prevention and treatment effect on cabbage soft rot, has good product dispersibility and stability, does not pollute the environment, can play a role of green manure, and is an ideal botanical fungicide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the bacteriostatic effect of a botanical fungicide for polygonum hydropiper volatile oil on cabbage soft rot
FIG. 2 shows the prevention effect of botanical fungicide for polygonum hydropiper volatile oil on the fifth day
FIG. 3 shows the therapeutic effect of botanical fungicide of herba Polygoni Hydropiperis volatile oil on the fifth day
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
examples 1, 2 and 3 are the preparation of the polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide; example 4 is the toxicity measurement of the polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide; example 5 is the preventive effect of a botanical fungicide for polygonum hydropiper volatile oil; example 6 is the therapeutic effect of a botanical fungicide for polygonum hydropiper volatile oil; example 7 is the determination of the properties of a botanical fungicide of polygonum hydropiper volatile oil.
Example 1
The preparation method of the polygonum orientale volatile oil comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting polygonum orientale, cleaning, airing under natural conditions, crushing, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve;
(2) adding 8 times of hard water according to the mass of the polygonum orientale powder, mixing, not soaking, and extracting for 3 hours by a steam distillation method to obtain the polygonum orientale volatile oil.
Preparing a polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide:
the raw material ratio is as follows: 2 kg of polygonum orientale volatile oil, 202 kg of tween-202 kg, 8 kg of ethanol and 88 kg of hard water. Uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, and packaging to obtain the polygonum volatile oil botanical fungicide product.
Example 2
The preparation method of the polygonum orientale volatile oil comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting polygonum orientale, cleaning, airing under natural conditions, crushing, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve;
(2) adding 10 times of hard water according to the mass of the polygonum orientale powder, mixing, soaking for 3 hours, and extracting for 8 hours by a steam distillation method to obtain the polygonum orientale volatile oil.
Preparing a polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide:
the raw material ratio is as follows: polygonum tinctorium volatile oil 3 kg, Tween-208 kg, ethanol 12 kg, and hard water 77 kg. Uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, and packaging to obtain the polygonum volatile oil botanical fungicide product.
Example 3
The preparation method of the polygonum orientale volatile oil comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting polygonum orientale, cleaning, airing under natural conditions, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve;
(2) adding hard water 12 times the weight of the polygonum orientale powder, mixing, soaking for 24 hours, and extracting for 9 hours by a steam distillation method to obtain the polygonum orientale volatile oil.
Preparing a polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide:
the raw material ratio is as follows: 4 kg of polygonum orientale volatile oil, 208 kg of tween-208 kg, 15 kg of ethanol and 73 kg of hard water. Uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, and packaging to obtain the polygonum volatile oil botanical fungicide product.
Example 4
The polygonum hydropiper volatile oil botanical fungicide is prepared according to example 2, and toxicity bacteriostasis experiments are performed on cabbage soft rot germs by taking auxiliary materials as a control, and the results are shown in figure 1, wherein: a is the bacteriostasis effect of the botanical fungicide of the polygonum hydropiper volatile oil; and B is the antibacterial effect of the contrast auxiliary material. The results in table 1 show that the polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide under each dilution factor has obvious bactericidal effect on cabbage soft rot germs, and the diameter of the inhibition zone is 14.18 mm-16.88 mm.
TABLE 1 Fungicide effect of plant-derived Fungicide of Polygonum hydropiper on cabbage Soft rot
Example 5
The botanical fungicide for the polygonum hydropiper volatile oil is prepared according to the example 2, diluted by hard water by 0-320 times and sprayed on the Chinese cabbage. After 10 minutes, 100 μ L of Chinese cabbage soft rot pathogen was inoculated to each treated leaf according to the general wound inoculation method, and observed on days 3 and 5, and the results on day 5 are shown in FIG. 2, in which: a is the rotten degree of the Chinese cabbage of the control group; b is the rotten degree of the Chinese cabbage under the effect of diluting the polygonum hydropiper volatile oil botanical fungicide by 0 time; c is the rotten degree of the Chinese cabbage under the effect of diluting 40 times of the polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide; d is the rotten degree of the Chinese cabbage under the action of diluting the polygonum hydropiper volatile oil botanical fungicide by 80 times; e is the rotten degree of the Chinese cabbage under the 160-time dilution effect of the polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide; f is the rotten degree of the Chinese cabbage under the action of 320 times dilution of the polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide. The control was performed with chinese cabbage not sprayed with the volatile oil botanical fungicide of red knotweed as a control, and the preventive effect of the volatile oil botanical fungicide of red knotweed was calculated according to the following disclosure (table 2). The preventive effect on day 3 is 83.33-98.67%, and the preventive effect on day 5 is 50-94.67%.
TABLE 2 prevention effect of botanical fungicide for volatile oil of red knotweed
Example 6
Each processed cabbage leaf is inoculated with 100 mu L of cabbage soft rot pathogen according to a general wound inoculation method. The botanical fungicide for the polygonum hydropiper volatile oil is prepared according to the example 2, and is diluted by 0-320 times with hard water. After the Chinese cabbage is inoculated for 10 minutes, the polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide is sprayed on the Chinese cabbage. The results are shown in FIG. 3, day 5, which is observed on day 3 and day 5, wherein: a is the rotten degree of the Chinese cabbage of the control group; b is the rotten degree of the Chinese cabbage under the effect of diluting the polygonum hydropiper volatile oil botanical fungicide by 0 time; c is the rotten degree of the Chinese cabbage under the effect of diluting 40 times of the polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide; d is the rotten degree of the Chinese cabbage under the action of diluting the polygonum hydropiper volatile oil botanical fungicide by 80 times; e is the rotten degree of the Chinese cabbage under the 160-time dilution effect of the polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide; f is the rotten degree of the Chinese cabbage under the action of 320 times dilution of the polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide. The treatment effect of the volatile oil botanical fungicide of red knotweed was calculated according to the following publication with the chinese cabbage not sprayed with the volatile oil botanical fungicide of red knotweed as a control (table 3). The treatment effect on the 3 rd day is 75-97.33%, and the treatment effect on the 5 th day is 50-94.67%.
TABLE 3 curative effect of botanical fungicide for volatile oil of red knotweed
Example 7
The dispersion test shows that the botanical fungicide of the polygonum orientale volatile oil can be rapidly diffused and has good dispersion. The stability test shows that the polygonum orientale volatile oil botanical fungicide is static for 1 hour at the temperature of 32 +/-2 ℃, no precipitate or missible oil is separated out, and the stability is good. The ultraviolet light stability test shows that the botanical fungicide of the polygonum hydropiper volatile oil has better environmental stability to ultraviolet light, and does not need light-proof treatment in application.
Claims (3)
1. The application of the plant source bactericide in preventing and treating cabbage soft rot bacteria is characterized in that the plant source bactericide comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2-4% of polygonum orientale volatile oil, 202-8% of tween-202, 8-15% of ethanol and the balance of water; the polygonum orientale volatile oil is prepared by the following steps: (1) collecting polygonum orientale, cleaning, airing under natural conditions, crushing, and sieving with a 60-100-mesh sieve; (2) taking polygonum orientale powder, adding 8-12 times of water according to the mass, mixing, soaking for 0-24 hours, and extracting for 3-9 hours by a steam distillation method to obtain polygonum orientale volatile oil.
2. The application of the botanical fungicide according to claim 1 for controlling Chinese cabbage soft rot, characterized in that the botanical fungicide comprises the following components by weight percent: polygonum tinctorium volatile oil 3%, Tween-208%, ethanol 12%, and water in balance.
3. The application of the botanical fungicide for preventing and controlling Chinese cabbage soft rot as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the polygonum hydropiper volatile oil is prepared by the following steps: (1) collecting polygonum orientale, cleaning, airing under natural conditions, crushing, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve; (2) taking the polygonum orientale powder, adding 10 times of water according to the mass, mixing, soaking for 3 hours, and extracting for 8 hours by a steam distillation method to obtain the polygonum orientale volatile oil.
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