CN103210040B - 三烷基甲硅烷氧基封端的聚合物 - Google Patents
三烷基甲硅烷氧基封端的聚合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103210040B CN103210040B CN201180055222.8A CN201180055222A CN103210040B CN 103210040 B CN103210040 B CN 103210040B CN 201180055222 A CN201180055222 A CN 201180055222A CN 103210040 B CN103210040 B CN 103210040B
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- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LROUBCOBLAPPAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl-(3-chloropropoxy)-dimethylsilane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OCCCCl LROUBCOBLAPPAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGTJJHCZWOVVNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-dimethylsilane Chemical class CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C FGTJJHCZWOVVNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XPEMYYBBHOILIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(trimethylsilylperoxy)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OO[Si](C)(C)C XPEMYYBBHOILIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/25—Incorporating silicon atoms into the molecule
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F236/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F236/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F236/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
- C08F236/10—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated with vinyl-aromatic monomers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
- B60C1/0016—Compositions of the tread
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- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/30—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule
- C08C19/42—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule reacting with metals or metal-containing groups
- C08C19/44—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule reacting with metals or metal-containing groups of polymers containing metal atoms exclusively at one or both ends of the skeleton
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L101/02—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups
- C08L101/10—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups containing hydrolysable silane groups
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明涉及末端基团官能化的聚合物,这些聚合物在链的末端处具有一个具有化学式(I)的三烷基甲硅烷氧基基团,其中R1、R2以及R3可以相同或不同并且表示烷基、环烷基以及芳烷基残基,这些残基可以包含杂原子如O、N、S、Si。
Description
本发明涉及由末端基团官能化的聚合物,并且涉及所述聚合物的生产以及用途。
轮胎胎面的重要的所希望的特性是对干和湿表面的良好的附着性、低的滚动阻力、以及还有高的耐磨性,但是非常难以改进轮胎的抗滑性而同时不损害滚动阻力以及耐磨性。低的滚动阻力对于低的燃料消耗量是重要的,并且高的耐磨性对于高的轮胎寿命是决定性因素。
轮胎胎面的抗湿滑性以及滚动阻力高度取决于在生产混合物时所使用的橡胶的动态力学特性。在相对高的温度(60℃至100℃)下具有高回弹性的橡胶被用于轮胎胎面以便减小滚动阻力。在另一方面,在低温(0℃至23℃)下具有高的阻尼因子并且相应地具有在从0℃至23℃的范围内的低回弹性的橡胶对于改进抗湿滑性是有利的。为了符合多种需求的这种综合性组合,该轮胎胎面使用由不同橡胶制成的混合物。通常使用的这些混合物是由一种或多种具有相对高的玻璃化转变温度的橡胶(例如苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶)以及一种或多种具有相对低的玻璃化转变温度的橡胶(例如具有高的1,4-顺式含量的聚丁二烯或具有低的苯乙烯含量以及低的乙烯基含量的苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶或具有中等的1,4-顺式含量以及低的乙烯基含量的在溶液中生成的聚丁二烯)制成。
含有双键的阴离子聚合的溶液橡胶(例如溶液聚丁二烯和溶液苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶)对于生产具有低的滚动阻力的轮胎胎面而言具有超越相应的乳液橡胶的优点。这些优点除其他之外在于乙烯基含量和玻璃化转变温度以及与此相关的分子支化的可控性。这导致了在轮胎的抗湿滑性和滚动阻力之间的关系上特别实用的优点。对轮胎胎面中的能量消散并且因此对滚动阻力的显著贡献来自于自由的聚合物链末端以及来自于由在轮胎胎面混合物中使用的填充剂(大多数是硅石和/或碳黑)形成的填充剂网络的可逆的形成和断开。
在聚合物链末端上官能团的引入允许所述链末端与填充剂表面的物理或化学连接。这导致其运动的自由受限,并且因此当使轮胎胎面经受动态应力时导致减小的能量消散。同时,所述官能末端基团可以改进填充剂在轮胎胎面中的分散,并且这可以导致填充剂网络的弱化并且因此导致滚动阻力的进一步减小。
因此,发展了用于末端基团的改性的多种方法。作为举例,EP 0 180141 A1描述了使用4,4’-双(二甲氨基)二苯甲酮或N-甲基己内酰胺作为官能化试剂。环氧乙烷和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮的使用也是从EP 0 864 606 A1中已知的。US 4,417,029列出了多种其他可能的官能化试剂。
在硅上具有总共至少两个卤素取代基和/或烷氧基取代基和/或芳氧基取代基的硅烷对于二烯橡胶的末端基团的官能化特别具有良好的适用性,因为在Si原子上的上述取代基之一可以容易地由一个阴离子的二烯聚合物链末端替代,并且在Si上的其他一个或多个上述取代基是作为官能团可获得的,它们(可任选地在水解之后)可以与轮胎胎面混合物的填充剂相互作用。这种类型的硅烷的例子见于US 3,244,664、US 4,185,042、以及EP 0 890 580 A1。
然而,上述官能化试剂中有许多都有缺点,例如在处理溶剂中差的溶解性、高的毒性或高的挥发性,并且这可以导致返回的溶剂被污染。此外,所述官能化试剂中有多种可以与多于一种阴离子聚合物链末端进行反应,并且这可以导致经常为破坏性的并且难以控制的偶联反应。对于上述硅烷而言尤其是这样。这些还具有其他缺点:所述硅烷与阴离子聚合物链末端的反应包括组分(如卤化物或烷氧基基团)的裂解(cleavage)并且后者很容易转化为醇。卤化物促进腐蚀;醇可以导致处理溶剂的污染。使用硅烷作为官能化试剂的另外的缺点在于:在官能化过程之后,所得的硅氧烷封端的聚合物可以通过在聚合物链末端处的Si-OR基团(或在Si-OR基团水解之后通过Si-OH基团)通过形成Si-O-Si键来偶联,并且这导致在进行后处理(work-up)和储存过程中橡胶粘度上的不希望的增加。已经描述了多种用于在硅氧烷封端的聚合物中降低所述粘度增加的方法,例子是加入基于酸和酰基卤的稳定试剂(EP 0 801 078 A1)、加入硅氧烷(EP 1 198506 B1)、加入长链的醇(EP 1 237 934 B1)以及加入用于pH控制的试剂(EP 1 726 598)。
其中键是在OH基团和C而非Si之间的羟基封端的聚合物的优点在于形成了Si-O-Si键的以上描述的偶联反应并不发生。描述了多种不同的方法用于引入这些C键合的OH基团,例如使用环氧乙烷作为官能化试剂。然而,环氧乙烷具有高挥发性和高毒性的缺点。其他方法(如使用酮类)具有以下缺点:多种副反应可以与所希望的反应一起发生以给出羟基封端的聚合物。相比之下,ω-卤-1-链烷醇的叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基醚(如3-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基)-1-氯丙烷)通过取代卤素原子与聚二烯和聚乙烯基芳香族化合物的阴离子聚合物链末端定量地反应(通过举例在US5,965,681、以及还有在M·远山(M.Tohyama)、A·平尾(A.Hirao)、S·中滨(S.Nakahama),高分子化学与物理学(Macromol.Chem.Phys.)1996,197,3135-3148中描述的)。对应的叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基封端的聚合物可以在一个随后的水解步骤中反应以给出羟基封端的聚合物。这种类型的官能化作用的缺点在于该叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基基团呈现出高的空间位阻水平,并且因此为了给出OH基团而进行的叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基基团的水解要求剧烈的条件,如长的反应时间以及低的pH。呈现出更低的空间位阻水平并且允许更容易的水解的保护基团(如三甲基甲硅烷基)不能被用于这种类型的官能化作用,因为更低的空间位阻水平导致了Si上的阴离子聚合物链末端的攻击。
因此一个目的是提供由末端基团官能化的并且不具有现有技术的缺点的聚合物。
所述目的通过提出由末端基团官能化的并且在聚合物链的末端具有一个具有化学式(I)的三烷基甲硅烷氧基基团的聚合物而得以实现:
其中R1、R2以及R3可以相同或不同并且是烷基、环烷基、以及芳烷基部分,这些部分可以包括杂原子,如O、N、S以及Si。
优选的是所有的部分R都是相同的并且由正烷基取代基构成,给予特别优选的是甲基基团。
优选的是由末端基团官能化的根据本发明的聚合物具有末端羟基基团(末端OH基团),其中这些是通过由末端基团官能化的并且具有根据化学式(I)的末端基团的根据本发明的聚合物生产的。
用于生产由末端基团官能化的根据本发明的聚合物的优选的聚合物是二烯聚合物以及通过二烯与乙烯基芳香族单体的共聚作用可获得的二烯共聚物。
所使用的二烯类优选是1,3-丁二烯、异戊二烯、1,3-戊二烯、2,3-二甲基丁二烯、1-苯基-1,3-丁二烯和/或1,3-己二烯。特别优选的是使用1,3-丁二烯和/或异戊二烯。
可以使用的乙烯基芳香族共聚单体的例子是苯乙烯、邻、间和/或对甲基苯乙烯、对叔丁基苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙烯基萘、二乙烯基苯、三乙烯基苯和/或二乙烯基萘。特别优选使用苯乙烯。
所述聚合物优选通过阴离子溶液聚合作用或通过借助配位催化剂的聚合作用来生产。在此背景中,配位催化剂是齐格勒-纳塔催化剂或者单金属的催化剂体系。优选的配位催化剂是基于Ni、Co、Ti、Zr、Nd、V、Cr、Mo、W或Fe的那些。
用于阴离子溶液聚合方法的引发剂是基于碱金属或碱土金属的那些,例如甲基锂、乙基锂、异丙基锂、正丁基锂、仲丁基锂、戊基锂、正己基锂、环己基锂、辛基锂、癸基锂、2-(6-锂-正己氧基)四氢吡喃、3-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基)-1-丙基锂、苯基锂、4-丁基苯基锂、1-萘基锂、对甲苯甲酰基锂、仲胺的氨基锂,例如吡咯酰胺锂、哌啶酰胺锂、六亚甲基氨基锂、二苯基氨基锂。这些氨基锂还可以通过一种有机锂化合物与仲胺的反应在原位生产。还有可能使用二-和多功能的有机锂化合物,例如1,4-二锂丁烷、以及哌嗪二锂。优选的是使用正丁基锂和仲丁基锂。
还有可能使用已知的用于聚合物的微观结构的无规化剂以及控制剂,例如乙醚、二正丙基醚、二异丙基醚、二正丁基醚、乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二乙醚、乙二醇二正丁基醚、乙二醇二叔丁基醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇二正丁基醚、二乙二醇二叔丁基醚、2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)-2-甲基丙烷、三乙二醇二甲醚、四氢呋喃、乙基四氢糠基醚、己基四氢糠基醚、2,2-双(2-四氢呋喃基)丙烷、二氧六环、三甲胺、三乙胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺、N-甲基吗啉、N-乙基吗啉、1,2-二哌啶基乙烷、1,2-二吡咯烷基乙烷、1,2-二吗啉基乙烷,以及还有醇的、酚的、羧酸的、以及磺酸的钾盐和钠盐。
这种类型的溶液聚合方法是已知的并且通过举例描述于I·福兰特(I.Franta),弹性体和橡胶复合材料(Elastomers and Rubber CompoundingMaterials);爱思唯尔(Elsevier)1989,113至131页、豪本-魏耳(Houben-Weyl)Methoden der Organischen Chemie[有机化学方法(Methods of Organic Chemistry)],泰米出版社(Thieme Verlag),斯图加特(Stuttgart),1961,XIV/1卷,645至673页或E20卷(1987),114至134页以及134至153页,以及还有聚合物科学大全(ComprehensivePolymer Science),第4卷,第II部分(培格曼出版公司,牛津1989(PergamonPress Ltd.,Oxford 1989)),53至108页中。
优选的二烯均-和共聚物优选地在一种溶剂中生产。用于聚合方法的优选的溶剂是惰性非质子溶剂,例如链烷烃类,如同分异构的丁烷、戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷以及癸烷、环戊烷、环己烷、甲基环己烷、乙基环己烷或1,4-二甲基环己烷、或芳香族烃类,如苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、二乙基苯或丙基苯。这些溶剂可以单独地或组合使用。给予优选的是环己烷以及正己烷。与极性溶剂共混同样有可能。
用于根据本发明的方法的溶剂的量通常是基于100g所使用的单体的总量从100至1000g、优选从200至700g。然而,还有可能在不存在溶剂时将所使用的单体进行聚合。
在用于进行聚合过程的可能的方法中,这些单体和该溶剂被用作初始进料,并且然后通过添加引发剂或催化剂来引发聚合过程。还有可能在进料过程中将这些材料进行聚合,在该过程中将单体和溶剂加入聚合反应器中,其中该引发剂或催化剂被用作初始进料或与单体和溶剂一起加入。存在可能的变体,例如使用溶剂作为反应器中的初始进料、加入引发剂和催化剂、并且然后加入单体。还有可能连续地操作该聚合过程。在所有情况下,有可能在聚合过程的过程中或结束时加入另外的单体以及溶剂。
聚合时间可以从几分钟至数小时而宽泛地变化。聚合时间通常是约10分钟至8小时、优选从20分钟至4小时。聚合过程可以在环境压力或在升高的压力(从1至10巴)下进行。
出人意料地,已经发现使用一种或多种双(三烷基甲硅烷基)过氧化物作为官能化试剂可以产生由末端基团官能化的并且不具有现有技术的缺点的聚合物。具体地说,这种方法可以在聚合物链末端引入三烷基甲硅烷氧基基团,这些基团伴有低的空间位阻水平并且容易水解,一个例子是三甲基甲硅烷氧基。
这些双(三烷基甲硅烷基)过氧化物是具有通式(II)的化合物:
其中,
R1、R2、以及R3可以相同或不同并且是烷基、环烷基、以及芳烷基部分,这些部分可以包括杂原子,如O、N、S、以及Si。
优选的是所有的部分R都是相同的并且由正烷基取代基构成,给予优选的是甲基。
因此本发明还提供了双(三烷基甲硅烷基)过氧化物作为官能化试剂用于生产由末端基团官能化的并且具有化学式(I)的末端基团或具有末端羟基的根据本发明的聚合物的用途。
根据本发明的聚合物的平均(数均)摩尔质量是优选从10 000至2 000000g/mol、优选从100 000至1 000 000g/mol,它们的玻璃化转变温度是从-110℃至+20℃、优选从-110℃至0℃,并且它们的门尼粘度[ML 1+4(100℃)]是从10至200门尼单位、优选从30至150门尼单位。
本发明进一步提供了一种用于生产由末端基团官能化的根据本发明的聚合物的方法,其中将处于纯的物质、溶液或悬浮液的形式的具有化学式(II)的一种或多种化合物添加至具有反应性聚合物链末端的聚合物中。该添加优选在聚合过程结束之后进行;然而,它还可以在完成单体转化之前发生。具有化学式(II)的化合物与具有反应性聚合物链末端的聚合物的反应在通常用于聚合过程的温度下发生。用于具有化学式(II)的化合物与反应性聚合物链末端的反应的反应时间可以从几分钟至数小时。
所述化合物的量可以按如下方式进行选择:所有反应性聚合物链末端都与具有化学式(II)的组分进行反应,或者可以使用亚化学计算量的所述化合物。根据化学式(II)的化合物的用量可以覆盖宽的范围。优选的量是基于聚合物的量按重量计从0.005%至2%、特别优选是按重量计从0.01%至1%。
除了根据化学式(II)的化合物之外,还有可能使用典型地用于阴离子二烯-聚合反应过程的偶联试剂用于与反应性聚合物链末端进行的反应。这些偶联试剂的例子是四氯化硅、甲基三氯硅烷、二甲基二氯硅烷、四氯化锡、二氯化二丁基锡、四烷氧基硅烷、乙二醇二甘油醚以及1,2,4-三(氯甲基)苯。这些偶联试剂可以在具有化学式(II)的化合物之前、与它们一起、或在它们之后加入。
在加入具有化学式(II)的化合物之后并且在将聚合物进行后处理之前、其过程中、或之后,可以发生一个水解步骤用于聚合物链末端处的三烷基甲硅烷基基团的裂解,此时获得对应的羟基封端的聚合物。三烷基甲硅烷基基团的裂解作为举例可以通过向聚合物溶液中加入无机酸或通过加入氟化物来实现。另外的方法描述于T·W·格林尼(T.W.Greene),P·G·M·伍兹(P.G.M.Wuts),有机合成中的保护基(Protective Groups inOrganic Synthesis),第2版1991年,威利,纽约(Wiley,New York)中。
在加入具有化学式(II)的组分以及任选地偶联试剂之后,优选地在三烷基甲硅烷氧基封端的聚合物或羟基封端的聚合物的进行后处理之前或过程中加入常规的抗氧化剂,如位阻酚类、芳香族胺类、亚磷酸酯类、以及硫醚类。还有可能加入用于二烯橡胶的常规增量油类,例如DAE(蒸馏芳香族提取物)油剂类、TDAE(处理的蒸馏芳香族提取物)油剂类、MES(温和(Mild)的提取溶剂化物)油剂类、RAE(剩余芳香族提取物)油剂类、TRAE(处理的剩余芳香族提取物)油剂类、以及环烷的和重环烷的油剂类。还有可能加入填充剂(如碳黑和硅石),以及橡胶和橡胶助剂。
该溶剂可以通过常规的方法如蒸馏、蒸汽汽提、或施加真空(可任选地在升高的温度下)从聚合过程中移除。
本发明进一步提供了由末端基团官能化的根据本发明的聚合物(即根据本发明的三烷基甲硅烷氧基封端的聚合物或由其生产的羟基封端的聚合物)用于生产可固化的橡胶组合物的用途。
优选的是所述可固化的橡胶组合物包含另外的橡胶、填充剂、橡胶化工产品、加工助剂以及增量油类。
另外的橡胶的例子是天然橡胶以及还有合成橡胶。这些的量(至它们存在的程度)基于混合物中的聚合物的总量通常在按重量计从0.5%至95%、优选按重量计从10%至80%的范围内。而另外加入的橡胶的量又取决于根据本发明的混合物的各自预期的用途。
从文献中已知的合成橡胶的清单通过举例在此给出。它们除其他之外包括
BR 聚丁二烯
ABR 丁二烯/丙烯酸C1-C4-烷基酯共聚物
IR 聚异戊二烯
ESBR通过乳液聚合生产的、具有按重量计从1%至60%、优选按重量计从20%-50%的苯乙烯含量的苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物
SSBR通过溶液聚合生产的、具有按重量计从1%至60%、优选按重量计从15%-45%的苯乙烯含量的苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物
IIR 异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物
NBR 具有按重量计从5%至60%、优选按重量计从10%至40%的丙烯腈含量的丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物
HNBR 部分氢化的或完全氢化的NBR橡胶
EPDM 乙烯-丙烯-二烯三聚物
以及还有所述橡胶的混合物。用于生产机动车辆轮胎的感兴趣的材料具体地是具有高于-60℃的玻璃化转变温度的天然橡胶、ESBR以及SSBR、具有高的顺式含量(>90%)的聚丁二烯橡胶(已经使用基于Ni、Co、Ti或Nd的催化剂生产它)、以及还有具有高达80%乙烯基含量的聚丁二烯橡胶、以及还有这些的混合物。
可以用于根据本发明的橡胶组合物的填充剂是在橡胶工业中使用的已知填充剂中的任何一种。这些包括活性和惰性的填充剂。
可以提及的例子是:
细颗粒硅石,以举例的方式通过从硅酸盐的溶液中沉淀或通过卤化硅的火焰水解生产的,具有从5至1000m2/g(BET表面积)、优选从20至400m2/g的比表面积,并且具有从10至400nm的初级粒度。该硅石适当时还可以采取与其他金属氧化物(如Al、Mg、Ca、Ba、Zn、Zr、或Ti的氧化物)的混合氧化物的形式;
合成的硅酸盐,如硅酸铝,或碱土金属的硅酸盐,例如硅酸镁或硅酸钙,具有从20至400m2/g的BET表面积以及从10至400nm的初始粒径;
天然硅酸盐,如高岭土以及任何其他天然发生的硅石形式;
玻璃纤维以及玻璃纤维产品(毡、纤维束(strand))、或玻璃微珠;
金属氧化物,如氧化锌、氧化钙、氧化镁、或氧化铝;
金属碳酸盐,如碳酸镁、碳酸钙、或碳酸锌;
金属氢氧化物,例如氢氧化铝或氢氧化镁;
金属硫酸盐,如硫酸钙或硫酸钡;
碳黑:在此使用的碳黑是由火焰法、槽法、加热炉法、气体法、热法、乙炔法或电弧法制备的碳黑,它们的BET表面积是从9至200m2/g,例如SAF、ISAF-LS、ISAF-HM、ISAF-LM、ISAF-HS、CF、SCF、HAF-LS、HAF、HAF-HS、FF-HS、SRF、XCF、FEF-LS、FEF、FEF-HS、GPF-HS、GPF、APF、SRF-LS、SRF-LM、SRF-HS、SRF-HM以及MT碳黑,或根据ASTM分类的以下类型:N110、N219、N220、N231、N234、N242、N294、N326、N327、N330、N332、N339、N347、N351、N356、N358、N375、N472、N539、N550、N568、N650、N660、N754、N762、N765、N774、N787以及N990碳黑;
橡胶凝胶类,特别是基于聚丁二烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物和/或聚氯丁二烯、具有从5至1000nm的粒度的那些。
优选使用的填充剂类是细颗粒硅石和/或碳黑。
所提及的填充剂可以单独使用或者以混合物使用。在一个特别优选的实施例中,这些橡胶组合物包含由淡色的填充剂(如细颗粒硅石)以及碳黑组成的一种混合物作为填充剂,其中淡色的填充剂与碳黑的混合比是从0.01:1至50:1、优选从0.05:1至20:1。
基于100重量份的橡胶,在此使用的填充剂的量是在从10至500重量份的范围内。优选的是使用从20至200重量份。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,这些橡胶组合物还包含橡胶助剂类,这些助剂通过举例的方式改进这些橡胶组合物的加工特性、或用于这些橡胶组合物的交联、或针对固化橡胶的具体预期目的改进从本发明的橡胶组合物生产的固化橡胶的物理特性、或改进橡胶与填充剂之间的相互作用、或用于橡胶与填充剂的偶联。
橡胶助剂的实例是:交联剂类(例如硫或硫-供体化合物)、以及还有反应加速剂类、抗氧化剂类、热稳定剂类、光稳定剂类、抗臭氧剂类、加工助剂类、增塑剂类、增粘剂类、发泡剂类、染料类、颜料类、蜡类、增充剂类、有机酸类、硅烷类、阻滞剂类、金属氧化物类、增量油类、如DAE(蒸馏芳香族提取物)油剂类、TDAE(处理的蒸馏芳香族提取物)油剂类、MES(温和的提取溶剂化物)油剂类、RAE(剩余芳香族提取物)油剂类、TRAE(处理的剩余芳香族提取物)油剂类、以及环烷的和重环烷的油剂类、以及还有活化剂类。
基于100重量份的橡胶的整体,橡胶助剂的总量是在从1至300重量份的范围内。优选的是使用从5至150重量份的橡胶助剂。
本发明还提供了一种用于生产本发明的橡胶组合物的方法,根据该方法将至少一种根据本发明的三烷基甲硅烷氧基封端的聚合物或由其生产的一种羟基封端的聚合物、可任选地与另外的橡胶、填充剂以及橡胶助剂按以上提及的量在一个混合装置中在从20℃至220℃的温度下进行混合。
这些可固化的橡胶组合物可以是在一种单阶段法或在一种多阶段法中生产的,给予优选的是2至3个混合阶段。因此有可能的是(通过举例)硫和加速剂的加入在一个单独的混合阶段中发生,例如在一个压辊上,在此给予优选的是在从30℃至90℃的范围内的温度。优选的是硫和加速剂的加入在最终混合阶段中发生。
适合于生产可固化的橡胶组合物的组件的实例是轧辊、捏合机、密炼机以及混合挤出机。
本发明因此进一步提供了可固化的橡胶组合物,这些组合物包含具有化学式(I)的末端基团的或具有由其生产的末端羟基基团的、由末端基团官能化的聚合物。
本发明进一步提供了根据本发明的可固化的橡胶组合物用于生产橡胶固化产品、特别是用于生产轮胎(特别是轮胎胎面)的用途,其中这些具有特别低的滚动阻力而同时具有高的抗湿滑性以及耐磨性。
根据本发明的可固化的橡胶组合物还适合用于生产模制品,例如用于生产以下物品:电缆护套、软管、传动皮带、运输带、压辊包覆物、鞋底、密封圈以及阻尼元件。
以下这些实例用来说明本发明,没有产生任何的限制作用。
实例
实例1a:苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物的合成(对比实例)
将以下各项进料至一个惰性化的20L的反应器:8.5kg己烷、1125g的1,3-丁二烯、375g的苯乙烯、28mmol的2,2-双(2-四氢呋喃基)丙烷以及还有10mmol的丁基锂,并且将内容物加热至70℃。在70℃下在搅拌下将该混合物聚合1小时。然后排出该橡胶溶液并且通过加入3g Irganox1520(2,4-双(辛基硫代甲基)-6-甲基苯酚)稳定,并且将该溶剂通过蒸汽汽提除去。将橡胶碎屑在真空中在65℃下干燥。
乙烯基含量(通过IR光谱法):按重量计51.5%;苯乙烯含量(通过IR光谱法):按重量计24.7%;玻璃化转变温度(DSC):-16℃;数均摩尔质量Mn(GPC,PS标准):242kg/mol;Mw/Mn:1.30;门尼粘度(ML1+4,100℃下):71ME
实例1b:三烷基甲硅烷氧基封端的苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物的合成(根
据本发明)
将以下各项进料至一个惰性化的20L的反应器:8.5kg己烷、1125g的1,3-丁二烯、375g的苯乙烯、28mmol的2,2-双(2-四氢呋喃基)丙烷以及还有10.5mmol的丁基锂,并且将内容物加热至70℃。在70℃下在搅拌下将该混合物聚合1小时。然后加入双(三甲基甲硅烷基)过氧化物(11.6mmol)(2.07g),并且将反应器内容物加热至70℃持续另外20分钟。然后排出该橡胶溶液,并且通过加入3g Irganox1520稳定并且将该溶剂通过蒸汽汽提除去。将橡胶碎屑在真空中在65℃下干燥。
乙烯基含量(通过IR光谱法):按重量计51.7%;苯乙烯含量(通过IR光谱法):按重量计24.8%;玻璃化转变温度(DSC):-14℃;数均摩尔质量Mn(GPC,PS标准):251kg/mol;Mw/Mn:1.31;门尼粘度(ML1+4,100℃下):77ME
实例2a和b橡胶组合物
生产了多种轮胎胎面橡胶组合物,这些组合物包含来自作为对比实例的实例1a的苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(橡胶组合物2a),以及还有来自实例1b的根据本发明的三烷基甲硅烷氧基封端的苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(橡胶组合物2b)。表1列出了这些组分。这些橡胶组合物(没有硫和加速剂)是在一个1.5L的捏合机中生产的。然后在一个压辊上在40℃下混合这些硫和加速剂组分。
表1:轮胎胎面橡胶组合物的组分(数据以phr计:每100重量份的橡胶中的重量份)
实例3a和b固化橡胶特性
将表1中的实例2a和2b的轮胎胎面橡胶组合物在160℃下固化20分钟。相对应的固化橡胶的特性作为实例3a和3b列于表2中。
表2:固化橡胶特性
轮胎应用需要低的滚动阻力,并且如果在该固化橡胶中测量的这些值对于在60℃下的回弹性而言高并且对于在高温(60℃)下的动态阻尼中的tanδ而言低并且对于振幅扫描中的tanδ最大值而言低,那么这是存在的。如在表2中可见,根据本发明的实例3b的固化橡胶特征为在60℃下的高的回弹性、在60℃下动态阻尼中的低的tanδ以及在振幅扫描中的低的tanδ最大值。
轮胎应用还需要高的抗湿滑性,并且当该固化橡胶在低温(0℃)下的动态阻尼中具有高的tanδ值时这是存在的。如在表2中可见,根据本发明的实例3b的固化橡胶特征为在0℃下动态阻尼中的高的tanδ值。
轮胎应用还需要高的耐磨性。如从表2中可见,根据本发明的实例3b的固化橡胶特征为低的DIN磨耗。
Claims (9)
1.用于生产由末端基团官能化的聚合物的方法,其特征在于所述方法是阴离子溶液聚合,并且向具有反应性聚合物链末端的聚合物中加入处于纯的物质、溶液或悬浮液的形式的具有化学式(II)的一种或多种双(三烷基甲硅烷基)过氧化物作为官能化试剂
其中R1、R2和R3可以相同或不同并且是烷基、环烷基、以及芳烷基部分,这些部分可以包括杂原子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述杂原子是O、N、S以及Si。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于这些官能化试剂的加入发生于该聚合过程结束之后。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于使用过量的官能化试剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于使用化学计算量的或亚化学计算量的官能化试剂。
6.根据权利要求3、4或5所述的方法,其特征在于官能化试剂的量基于具有反应性聚合物链末端的聚合物的量是按重量计从0.005%至2%。
7.根据权利要求3、4或5所述的方法,其特征在于官能化试剂的量基于具有反应性聚合物链末端的聚合物的量是按重量计从0.01%至1%。
8.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于加入了偶联试剂用于与该反应性聚合物链末端进行的反应,所述偶联试剂选自由以下组成的组:四氯化硅、甲基三氯硅烷、二甲基二氯硅烷、四氯化锡、二氯化二丁基锡、四烷氧基硅烷、乙二醇二甘油醚以及1,2,4-三(氯甲基)苯。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于添加偶联试剂之后的温度是70℃。
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CN103210040A (zh) | 2013-07-17 |
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BR112013012204B1 (pt) | 2020-01-21 |
PL2640785T3 (pl) | 2018-03-30 |
US9475902B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 |
MY167217A (en) | 2018-08-14 |
JP5769812B2 (ja) | 2015-08-26 |
EP2452981A1 (de) | 2012-05-16 |
BR112013012204A2 (pt) | 2016-08-09 |
TWI513722B (zh) | 2015-12-21 |
US20130280458A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
ES2655999T3 (es) | 2018-02-22 |
EP2640785B1 (de) | 2017-11-01 |
HUE037952T2 (hu) | 2018-09-28 |
EP2640785A1 (de) | 2013-09-25 |
RU2596231C2 (ru) | 2016-09-10 |
KR20150088902A (ko) | 2015-08-03 |
MX355975B (es) | 2018-05-07 |
JP2013544302A (ja) | 2013-12-12 |
MX2013005448A (es) | 2013-08-01 |
KR20130109187A (ko) | 2013-10-07 |
SA111320915B1 (ar) | 2015-01-14 |
KR101716540B1 (ko) | 2017-03-14 |
RU2013127132A (ru) | 2014-12-27 |
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