CN103188930B - 包含混合阴离子农药的相同聚胺盐的组合物 - Google Patents
包含混合阴离子农药的相同聚胺盐的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103188930B CN103188930B CN201180053143.3A CN201180053143A CN103188930B CN 103188930 B CN103188930 B CN 103188930B CN 201180053143 A CN201180053143 A CN 201180053143A CN 103188930 B CN103188930 B CN 103188930B
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种组合物,其包含第一盐,其含有第一阴离子农药(A1)和阳离子聚胺(B);以及第二盐,其含有第二阴离子农药(A2)和阳离子聚胺(B),其中所述两种盐均含有相同的阳离子聚胺(B),且其中所述阳离子聚胺包含至少两个氨基。本发明进一步涉及一种制备所述组合物的方法,其包括使所述第一盐与第二盐接触的步骤。另外,本发明涉及一种防治害虫和/或植物病原性真菌的方法,其包括使其中或其上生长有或可能生长所述害虫和/或植物病原性真菌的植物、种子、土壤或植物生长地、待保护以免所述害虫和/或植物病原性真菌侵袭或侵染的植物、种子或土壤与有效量的所述组合物接触。还涉及一种控制不希望的植被的方法,其包括使除草有效量的所述组合物作用于所述植物、其生长地或所述植物的种子。最后,本发明涉及包含所述组合物的种子。
Description
本发明涉及一种组合物,其包含第一盐,其含有第一阴离子农药(A1)和阳离子聚胺(B);以及第二盐,其含有第二阴离子农药(A2)和阳离子聚胺(B),其中所述两种盐均含有相同的阳离子聚胺(B),且其中所述阳离子聚胺包含至少两个氨基。进一步涉及一种制备所述组合物的方法,其包括使所述第一盐与第二盐接触的步骤。此外,本发明涉及一种防治害虫和/或植物病原性真菌的方法,其包括使其中或其上生长有或可能生长害虫和/或植物病原性真菌的植物、种子、土壤或植被地、待保护以免所述害虫和/或植物病原性真菌侵袭或侵染的植物、种子或土壤与有效量的所述组合物接触。本发明还涉及一种控制不希望的植被的方法,其包括使除草有效量的所述组合物作用于植物、其生长地上或所述植物的种子。最后,本发明涉及包含所述组合物的种子。下文所述的本发明优选实施方案应理解为优选彼此独立或彼此组合。
存在具有相当高的挥发性的各种农药,例如,含有游离酸形式的羧酸的农药,如麦草畏(dicamba)或2,4-D。这类挥发性农药会发生较高程度的漂移,这可损害附近田地中的敏感性非目标作物(例如大豆)。由于大部分农药蒸发,因此其对目标害虫也不太有效。为了避免这些问题,需要低挥发性农药。这些问题不仅在单一农药配制剂中产生,也会涉及包含至少两种农药的配制剂。
已知阴离子农药的各种盐包括阳离子型氨基官能化的化合物:
US4,405,531和WO97/24931公开了草甘膦(glyphosate)的各种有机盐,例如由乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、丙二胺、苯二胺或哌啶制备的盐。
EP0183384公开了麦草畏的低挥发性盐,即2-(2-氨基乙氧基)乙醇盐。
US5,221,791公开了包含酸性氢的农药,如麦草畏的氨基烷基吡咯烷酮盐。
EP0375624公开了农药的低挥发性胺盐,其中所述胺例如为氨基丙基吗啉、D-230或2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)酚。
未决欧洲专利申请09173368.3公开了包含阴离子农药和各种阳离子聚胺的盐。
阴离子农药的这些胺盐具有多种缺点:原料具有相当低的沸点,这使得其难以处理(例如乙二胺的Fp为117°C)。尽管与游离酸形式的农药相比,这些农药盐已具有降低的挥发性,但该残留的挥发性仍过高。其他问题为一些盐仅会降低农药的活性、过于昂贵和/或在水中具有低溶解度。不同农药的混合物(例如不同阴离子农药的混合物)尤其会出现这些问题。
本发明的目的是寻找具有低挥发性的至少两种阴离子农药的组合物。这些组合物应易于由廉价的工业可得且易于处理的化合物起始制备。另一目的是使农药活性保持与包含所述农药的已知组合物相当的水平。又一目的是寻找允许在所述组合物中具有高浓度农药的组合物。
所述目的通过一种组合物实现,所述组合物包含:
a)第一盐,其含有第一阴离子农药(A1)和阳离子聚胺(B),和
b)第二盐,其含有第二阴离子农药(A2)和阳离子聚胺(B),
其中所述两种盐均含有相同的阳离子聚胺(B),且其中所述阳离子聚胺包含至少两个氨基。
术语“盐”是指包含至少一个阴离子和至少一个阳离子的化学化合物。阴离子与阳离子之比通常取决于离子电荷且产生中性盐。通常,盐在溶于水中时离解成阴离子和阳离子。
术语“农药”在本发明含义内阐述一种或多种可选自杀真菌剂、杀昆虫剂、杀线虫剂、除草剂和/或安全剂或生长调节剂,优选选自杀真菌剂、杀昆虫剂或除草剂,最优选选自除草剂的化合物。也可使用上述类别中两种或更多种农药的混合物。本领域技术人员熟知这类农药,其可参见例如PesticideManual,第15版(2009),TheBritishCropProtectionCouncil,London。
所述第一阴离子农药和第二阴离子农药可选自阴离子农药。第一阴离子农药和第二阴离子农药是指不同的阴离子农药。所述组合物中可存在额外的阴离子农药。优选地,第一阴离子农药和第二阴离子农药(A1)和(A2)为该组合物中所存在的唯一阴离子农药。
术语“阴离子农药”是指以阴离子形式存在的农药。优选地,阴离子农药是指包含可质子化氢的农药。更优选地,阴离子农药是指包含羧酸、硫代碳酸、磺酸、亚磺酸、硫代磺酸或亚磷酸基团,尤其是羧酸基团的农药。上述基团可部分以中性形式(包含可质子化氢)存在。
通常,阴离子(如阴离子农药)包含至少一个阴离子基团。优选地,所述阴离子农药包含一个或两个阴离子基团。特别地,所述阴离子农药包含正好一个阴离子基团。阴离子基团的实例为羧酸根(-C(O)O-)。上述阴离子基团可部分地以中性形式(包含可质子化氢)存在。例如,羧酸根可部分地以羧酸(-C(O)OH)的中性形式存在。在含水组合物的情况下,这是优选的,其中可存在羧酸根与羧酸的平衡。通常,除阴离子基团以外,阴离子(如阴离子农药)也可包含阳离子基团(例如铵基团)。阴离子基团的数量应高于阳离子基团的数量以确保阴离子农药可与阳离子聚胺(B)形成盐。
下文给出了合适的阴离子农药。在名称是指阴离子农药的中性形式或盐的情况下,意指阴离子农药的阴离子形式。例如,麦草畏的阴离子形式可由下式表示:
作为另一实例,草甘膦的阴离子形式可由下式中至少一个表示:
本领域技术人员已知的是,当阴离子农药以溶解形式存在时,官能团离解且因此阴离子的位置可取决于例如pH值。对第一膦酸而言,草甘膦的酸离解常数pKa通常为0.8,对羧酸而言为2.3,对于第二膦酸而言为6.0,对胺而言为11.0。
合适的阴离子农药为除草剂,其包含羧酸、硫代碳酸、磺酸、亚磺酸、硫代磺酸或亚磷酸基团,尤其是羧酸基团。实例为包含羧酸基团的芳族酸除草剂、苯氧基羧酸除草剂或有机磷除草剂。
合适的芳族酸除草剂为苯甲酸类除草剂,例如二氟吡隆(diflufenzopyr)、抑草生(naptalam)、草灭平(chloramben)、麦草畏、2,3,6-三氯苯甲酸(草芽平(2,3,6-TBA))、杀草畏(tricamba);嘧啶氧基苯甲酸类除草剂,例如双嘧苯甲酸(bispyribac)、肟啶草(pyriminobac);嘧啶硫基苯甲酸类除草剂,例如嘧硫苯甲酸(pyrithiobac);邻苯二甲酸类除草剂,例如敌草索(chlorthal);吡啶甲酸类除草剂,例如氯氨吡啶酸(aminopyralid)、二氯皮考啉酸(clopyralid)、毒莠定(picloram);喹啉羧酸类除草剂,例如二氯喹啉酸(quinclorac)、喹草酸(quinmerac);或其他芳族酸除草剂,例如环丙嘧啶酸(aminocyclopyrachlor)。优选苯甲酸类除草剂,尤其是麦草畏。
合适的苯氧基羧酸除草剂为苯氧基乙酸类除草剂,例如4-氯苯氧基乙酸(促生灵(4-CPA))、(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙酸(2,4-滴(2,4-D))、(3,4-二氯苯氧基)乙酸(3,4-滴胺(3,4-DA))、2甲4氯(MCPA)(4-(4-氯邻甲苯氧基)丁酸)、2甲4氯-硫乙基(MCPA-thioethyl)、(2,4,5-三氯苯氧基)乙酸(2,4,5-涕(2,4,5-T));苯氧基丁酸除草剂,例如氯苯氧丁酸(4-CPB)、4-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)丁酸(2,4-滴丁酸(2,4-DB))、4-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)丁酸(3,4-滴丁酸(3,4-DB))、4-(4-氯邻甲苯氧基)丁酸(2甲4氯丁酸(MCPB))、4-(2,4,5-三氯苯氧基)丁酸(2,4,5-涕丁酸(2,4,5-TB));苯氧基丙酸类除草剂,例如调果酸(cloprop)、2-(4-氯苯氧基)丙酸(氯苯氧丙酸(4-CPP))、2,4-滴丙酸(dichlorprop)、高2,4-滴丙酸(dichlorprop-P)、4-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)丁酸(3,4-滴丙酸(3,4-DP))、2,4,5-涕丙酸(fenoprop)、2甲4氯丙酸(mecoprop)、高2甲4氯丙酸(mecoprop-P);芳氧基苯氧基丙酸类除草剂,炔禾灵(chlorazifop)、炔草酯(clodinafop)、氯丁草(clofop)、氰氟草酯(cyhalofop)、氯甲草(diclofop)、唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop)、高唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop-p)、噻唑禾草灵(fenthiaprop)、吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop)、精吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop-P)、吡氟氯禾灵(haloxyfop)、精吡氟氯禾灵(haloxyfop-P)、恶草醚(isoxapyrifop)、metamifop、喔草酯(propaquizafop)、喹禾灵(quizalofop)、精喹禾灵(quizalofop-P)、三氟苯氧丙酸(trifop)。优选苯氧基乙酸类除草剂,尤其是2甲4氯。
包含羧酸基团的合适有机磷除草剂为双丙氨酰膦(bialafos)、草铵膦(glufosinate)、草铵膦-P、草甘膦。优选草甘膦。
包含羧酸的其他合适除草剂为包含羧酸的吡啶类除草剂,例如氟草烟(fluroxypyr)、定草酯(triclopyr);包含羧酸的三唑并嘧啶类除草剂,例如唑嘧磺胺盐(cloransulam);包含羧酸的嘧啶基磺酰脲类除草剂,例如苄嘧黄隆(bensulfuron)、氯嘧黄隆(chlorimuron)、甲酰胺磺隆(foramsulfuron)、吡氯黄隆(halosulfuron)、甲磺胺黄隆(mesosulfuron)、氟嘧黄隆(primisulfuron)、嘧黄隆(sulfometuron);咪唑啉酮类除草剂,例如咪草酯(imazamethabenz)、咪草酯、咪草啶酸(imazamox)、甲基咪草烟(imazapic)、灭草烟(imazapyr)、灭草喹(imazaquin)和咪草烟(imazethapyr);三唑啉酮类除草剂,例如氟酮黄隆(flucarbazone)、丙苯磺隆(propoxycarbazone)和thiencarbazone;芳族除草剂,例如氟锁草醚(acifluorfen)、治草醚(bifenox)、氟酮唑草(carfentrazone)、氟哒嗪草酯(flufenpyr)、酰亚胺苯氧乙酸(flumiclorac)、乙羧氟草醚(fluoroglycofen)、达草氟(fluthiacet)、乳氟禾草灵(lactofen)、氟唑草酯(pyraflufen)。此外,可提及的其他含羧酸的除草剂为氯甲丹(chlorflurenol)、茅草枯(dalapon)、草藻灭(endothal)、氟燕灵(flamprop)、强氟燕灵(flamprop-M)、四氟丙酸(flupropanate)、芴醇、油酸、壬酸、三氯乙酸(TCA)。
合适的阴离子农药为杀真菌剂,其包含羧酸、硫代碳酸、磺酸、亚磺酸、硫代磺酸或亚磷酸基团,尤其是羧酸基团。实例为多氧霉素(polyoxin)杀真菌剂,例如polyoxorim。
合适的阴离子农药为杀昆虫剂,其包含羧酸、硫代碳酸、磺酸、亚磺酸、硫代磺酸或亚磷酸基团,尤其是羧酸基团。实例为苏云金素(thuringiensin)。
合适的阴离子农药为植被调节剂,其包含羧酸、硫代碳酸、磺酸、亚磺酸、硫代磺酸或亚磷酸基团,尤其是羧酸基团。实例为1-萘基乙酸、(2-萘氧基)乙酸、吲哚-3-基乙酸、4-吲哚-3-基丁酸、草甘双磷(glyphosine)、茉莉酸、2,3,5-三碘苯甲酸、调环酸、抗倒酯(trinexapac),优选调环酸和抗倒酯。
优选的阴离子农药为阴离子除草剂,更优选麦草畏、草甘膦、2,4-滴、氯氨吡啶酸、环丙嘧啶酸和2甲4氯。尤其优选麦草畏和草甘膦。在另一优选实施方案中,优选麦草畏。在另一优选实施方案中,优选2,4-滴。在另一优选实施方案中,优选草甘膦。在另一优选实施方案中,优选2甲4氯。
在优选实施方案中,第一阴离子农药(A1)为所有阴离子基团均选自一种或多种羧酸根的阴离子农药(农药A1)。更优选地,第一阴离子农药包含一个阴离子基团(其为羧酸根),或者其包含两个阴离子基团(二者均为羧酸根)。特别地,所述阴离子农药恰好包含一个阴离子基团,其为羧酸根。
当第一阴离子农药的所有阴离子基团均选自一种或多种羧酸根时,第一阴离子农药除羧酸根外不含阴离子基团。例如,其不含硫代羧酸根、磺酸根、亚磺酸根、硫代磺酸根或膦酸根。
下文给出了合适的农药A1。在名称是指农药的中性形式或盐的情况下,意指农药的阴离子形式。
优选的农药A1为除草剂,例如芳族酸除草剂或苯氧基羧酸除草剂。优选的除草剂为二氯皮考啉酸、毒莠定、二氯喹啉酸、喹草酸、麦草畏、2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙酸(2,4-滴)、4-(4-氯邻甲苯氧基)丁酸(2甲4氯)、4-(4-氯邻甲苯氧基)丁酸(2甲4氯丁酸)、2,4-滴丙酸、精2,4-滴丙酸、2-甲基-4氯丙酸、精2-甲基-4氯丙酸、氟草烟、定草酯。
合适的芳族酸除草剂为苯甲酸类除草剂,例如草灭平、麦草畏、2,3,6-三氯苯甲酸(草芽平)、杀草畏;嘧啶氧基苯甲酸类除草剂,例如双嘧苯甲酸、肟啶草;嘧啶硫基苯甲酸类除草剂,例如嘧硫苯甲酸;邻苯二甲酸类除草剂,例如敌草索;吡啶甲酸类除草剂,例如氯氨吡啶酸、二氯皮考啉酸、毒莠定;喹啉羧酸类除草剂,例如二氯喹啉酸、喹草酸;或其他芳族酸除草剂,例如环丙嘧啶酸。优选苯甲酸类除草剂,尤其是麦草畏。
合适的苯氧基羧酸除草剂为苯氧基乙酸类除草剂,例如4-氯苯氧基乙酸(4-CPA)、(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙酸(2,4-D)、(3,4-二氯苯氧基)乙酸(3,4-DA)、2甲4氯(4-(4-氯邻甲苯氧基)丁酸)、2甲4氯-硫乙基(MCPA-thioethyl)、(2,4,5-三氯苯氧基)乙酸(2,4,5-T);苯氧基丁酸类除草剂,例如4-CPB、4-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)丁酸(2,4-DB)、4-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)丁酸(3,4-DB)、4-(4-氯邻甲苯氧基)丁酸(MCPB)、4-(2,4,5-三氯苯氧基)丁酸(2,4,5-TB);苯氧基丙酸类除草剂,例如调果酸、2-(4-氯苯氧基)丙酸(4-CPP)、2,4-滴丙酸、精2,4-滴丙酸、4-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)丁酸(3,4-DP)、2,4,5-涕丙酸、2-甲基-4氯丙酸、精2-甲基-4氯丙酸;芳氧基苯氧基丙酸类除草剂,例如炔禾灵、炔草酯、氯丁草、氰氟草酯、氯甲草、唑禾草灵、高唑禾草灵、噻唑禾草灵、吡氟禾草灵、精吡氟禾草灵、吡氟氯禾灵、精吡氟氯禾灵、恶草醚、metamifop、喔草酯、喹禾灵、精喹禾灵、三氟苯氧丙酸。优选苯氧基乙酸类除草剂,尤其是2甲4氯。
其他包含羧酸的合适除草剂为包含羧酸的吡啶类除草剂,例如氟草烟、定草酯;包含羧酸的三唑并嘧啶类除草剂,例如唑嘧磺胺盐;包含羧酸的嘧啶基磺酰脲类除草剂,例如苄嘧黄隆、氯嘧黄隆、甲酰胺磺隆、吡氯黄隆、甲磺胺黄隆、氟嘧黄隆、嘧黄隆。
其他合适的农药A1为杀真菌剂,例如多氧霉素杀真菌剂(例如polyoxorim)。
其他合适的农药A1为杀昆虫剂,例如苏云金素。
合适的阴离子农药为植被调节剂,例如1-萘基乙酸、(2-萘基氧基)乙酸、吲哚-3-基乙酸、4-吲哚-3-基丁酸、草甘双磷、茉莉酸、2,3,5-三碘苯甲酸、调环酸、抗倒酯,其中更优选调环酸和抗倒酯。
最优选的农药A1为麦草畏、2,4-滴、氯氨吡啶酸、环丙嘧啶酸和2甲4氯。尤其优选麦草畏。在另一优选实施方案中,优选2,4-滴。在另一优选实施方案中,优选2甲4氯。
在另一优选实施方案中,所述第二阴离子农药(A2)为阴离子农药,其中所述阴离子农药的至少一个阴离子基团选自一种或多种膦酸根(农药A2)。优选的农药A2为除草剂,其中所述除草剂的至少一个阴离子基团选自一种或多种膦酸根。实例为包含羧酸基团的有机磷除草剂。包含羧酸基团的合适有机磷除草剂为双丙氨酰膦(bilanafos)、草铵膦、草铵膦-P、草甘膦。优选的农药A2为草甘膦。
优选地,第一阴离子农药(A1)含有羧酸基团,且第二阴离子农药(A2)含有膦酸根。
更优选地,第一阴离子农药为芳族酸除草剂或苯氧基羧酸除草剂,且第二阴离子农药为包含羧酸基团的有机磷除草剂。
在另一优选实施方案中,第一阴离子农药和第二阴离子农药选自麦草畏、二氯喹啉酸、草甘膦、2,4-滴、氯氨吡啶酸和2甲4氯丙酸(MCPP)。例如,第一阴离子农药和第二阴离子农药为麦草畏和草甘膦、2,4-滴和麦草畏、麦草畏和2甲4氯丙酸、2,4-滴和2甲4氯丙酸或2,4-滴和草甘膦。在特别优选的形式中,第一阴离子农药和第二阴离子农药选自麦草畏和草甘膦。
第一阴离子农药和第二阴离子农药(例如选自麦草畏和草甘膦)的总和与阳离子聚胺(B)(例如B1.1或B1.2)的总和的摩尔比通常为1:10-10:1,优选为1.3:1-10:1,更优选为1.5:1-4:1,特别为1.7:1-3:1。所述摩尔比可取决于离子电荷的数量。例如,通常将每摩尔包含一个负电荷的一摩尔阴离子农药与每摩尔包含一个正电荷的一摩尔阳离子聚胺组合。优选地,当所述盐在20°C下以480g/l的浓度存在于水中时,以该摩尔比组合阴离子农药与聚胺导致pH值为6.5-9.0,优选为7.0-8.0。
术语“聚胺”在本发明含义内涉及包含至少两个氨基(例如,伯、仲、叔氨基)的有机化合物。
术语“阳离子聚胺”是指以阳离子形式存在的聚胺。优选地,在阳离子聚胺中存在至少一个呈铵的阳离子形式的氨基,例如R-N+H3、R2-N+H2或R3-N+H。当诸如(B1)、(B2)、(B3)或(B4)的结构式表示中性分子时,其通常是指其阳离子形式(即,至少一个氨基以铵的阳离子形式存在,例如R-N+H3、R2-N+H2或R3-N+H)。例如,B1.1的阳离子形式可由下式中至少一个表示:
例如,B1.2的阳离子形式可由下式中至少一个表示:
例如,B1.6的阳离子形式可由下式中至少一个表示:
本领域技术人员知晓优选对阳离子聚胺中的哪个氨基进行质子化,这是因为其取决于例如pH值或物理形式。在水溶液中,阳离子聚胺的氨基的碱性通常由叔胺至伯胺至仲胺逐渐增大。
优选地,阳离子聚胺(B)为式(B1)的化合物:
其中:
R1、R2、R4、R6和R7独立地为H或任选被OH取代的C1-C6烷基,
R3和R5独立地为C2-C10亚烷基,
X为OH或NR6R7,且
n为1-20;
或式(B2):
其中:
R10和R11独立地为H或C1-C6烷基,
R12为C1-C12亚烷基,且
R13为脂族C5-C8环系统,其在该环中包含氮或者其被至少一个单元NR10R11取代。
在实施方案中,所述阳离子聚胺具有下式:
其中,R1、R2、R4、R6和R7独立地为H或任选被OH取代的C1-C6烷基,R3和R5独立地为C2-C10亚烷基,X为OH或NR6R7,且n为1-20。R1、R2、R4、R6和R7优选独立地为H或甲基。优选地,R1、R2、R6和R7为H。R6和R7优选分别与R1和R2相同。R3和R5优选独立地为C2-C4亚烷基,特别地,独立地为C2-C3亚烷基,例如亚乙基(-CH2CH2-)或亚正丙基(-CH2CH2CH2-)。通常,R3与R5相同。R3和R5可为直链或支化、未被取代或被卤素取代。优选地,R3和R5为直链的。优选地,R3和R5未被取代。X优选为NR6R7。优选地,n为1-10,更优选为1-6,尤其为1-4。在另一优选实施方案中,n为2-10。优选地,R1、R2、R4、R6和R7独立地为H或甲基,R3和R5独立地为C2-C3亚烷基,X为OH或NR6R7,且n为1-10。
基团X键结至R5,其为C2-C10亚烷基。这意味着X可键结至C2-C10亚烷基的任何碳原子。单元-R5-X的实例为-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH或-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3。
R1、R2、R4、R6、R7独立地为H或任选被OH取代的C1-C6烷基。该取代的实例为式(B1.9),其中R4为H或被OH取代的C1-C6烷基(更具体地,R4为被OH取代的C3烷基)。优选地,R1、R2、R4、R6、R7独立地为H或C1-C6烷基。
在另一优选实施方案中,式(B1)的阳离子聚合物不含醚基团(-O-)。已知醚基团可增强光化学降解,从而产生爆炸性自由基或过氧基团。
其中X为NR6R7的式(B1)阳离子聚胺实例为二亚乙基三胺(DETA,(B4),其中k=1,对应于(B1.1))、三亚乙基四胺(TETA,(B4),其中k=2)、四亚乙基五胺(TEPA,(B4),其中k=3)。TETA的工业品通常为除作为主要组分的直链TETA之外,还包含三氨基乙胺TAEA、哌嗪基乙基乙二胺PEEDA和二氨基乙基哌嗪DAEP的混合物。TEPA的工业品通常为除作为主要组分的直链TEPA之外,还包含氨基乙基三氨基乙胺AE-TAEA、氨基乙基二氨基乙基哌嗪AE-DAEP和氨基乙基哌嗪基乙基乙二胺AE-PEEDA的混合物。该乙烯胺可由DowChemical公司商购获得。其他实例为五甲基二亚乙基三胺PMDETA(B1.3)、N,N,N',N″,N″-五甲基二亚丙基三胺(B1.4)(以ZR-40商购获得)、N,N-双(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-N-异丙醇胺(以ZR-50商购获得)、N'-(3-(二甲基氨基)丙基)-N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺(B1.5)(以Z-130商购获得)和N,N-双(3-氨基丙基)甲胺BAPMA(B1.2)。尤其优选(B4)(其中k为1-10)、(B1.2)、(B1.4)和(B1.5)。最优选(B4)(其中k为1、2、3或4)和(B1.2)。特别优选(B1.1)和(B1.2)。在另一特别优选的实施方案中,阳离子聚胺为(B1.1)。在另一特别优选的实施方案中,阳离子聚胺为(B1.2)。
其中X为OH的式(B1)聚胺的实例为N-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-N,N-二异丙醇胺DPA(B1.9)、N,N,N'-三甲基氨基乙基乙醇胺(B1.7)(以Z-110商购获得)、氨基丙基单甲基乙醇胺APMMEA(B1.8)和氨基乙基乙醇胺AEEA(B1.6)。尤其优选(B1.6)。
在另一实施方案中,所述阳离子聚胺具有式(B2):
其中R10和R11独立地为H或C1-C6烷基,R12为C2-C12亚烷基,且R13为脂族C5-C8环系统,其在该环中包含氮或者其被至少一个单元NR10R11取代。
R10和R11优选独立地为H或甲基,更优选为H。R10和R11的单元C1-C6烷基通常为直链或支化、未被取代或被卤素取代。优选地,R10和R11的单元C1-C6烷基未被取代且为直链的。更优选地,R10与R11相同。
R12优选为C2-C4亚烷基,例如亚乙基(-CH2CH2-)或亚正丙基(-CH2CH2CH2-)。R12可为直链或支化的,优选为直链的。R12可未被取代或被卤素取代,优选未被取代。
R13为脂族C5-C8环系统,其在该环中包含氮或者其被至少一个单元NR10R11取代。优选地,R13为脂族C5-C8环系统,其在环中包含氮。C5-C8环系统可未被取代或被至少一个C1-C6烷基或至少一个卤素取代。优选地,C5-C8环系统未被取代或被至少一个C1-C4烷基取代。环中包含氮的脂族C5-C8环系统的实例为哌嗪基。作为脂族C5-C8环系统且环中包含氮的R13实例为下式(B2.11)和(B2.12)的化合物。作为脂族C5-C8环系统且被至少一个单元NR10R11取代的R13实例为下式(B2.10)的化合物。
更优选地,R10和R11独立地为H或甲基,R12为C2-C3亚烷基,且R13为脂族C5-C8环系统,其在环中包含氮。在另一优选实施方案中,式(B2)的阳离子聚合物不含醚基团(-O-)。
尤其优选式(B2)的阳离子聚胺为异佛尔酮二胺ISPA(B2.10)、氨基乙基哌嗪AEP(B2.11)和1-甲基-4-(2-二甲基氨基乙基)哌嗪TAP(B2.12)。这些化合物可由Huntsman或Dow,USA商购获得。优选(B2.10)和(B2.11),更优选(B2.11)。在另一实施方案中,优选(B2.11)和(B2.12)。
在另一优选实施方案中,所述阳离子聚胺为式(B1.2)、(B1.5)或式(B2)的化合物。
式(B1)、(B2)和(B4)的阳离子聚胺可通过已知方法获得或商购获得。
本发明还涉及一种制备本发明组合物的方法,其包括使第一盐与第二盐接触的步骤。所述第一盐和第二盐可单独组合或与呈其可用配制剂(例如干燥或固体配制剂以及液体配制剂如含水配制剂)形式的盐组合。优选地,使第一盐与第二盐在水中接触。在组合之后可除去水以分离所述盐。所述组合可在通常的温度,如-20°C至100°C,优选3-90°C下实施。
所述农业化学组合物可包含至少一种其他农药。所述其他农药可选自杀真菌剂、杀昆虫剂、杀线虫剂、除草剂和/或安全剂或生长调节剂,优选选自杀真菌剂、杀昆虫剂或除草剂,更优选除草剂。优选的其他农药为咪唑啉酮类除草剂和三嗪类除草剂。所述其他农药优选不含阴离子农药。
以下列表给出了可用作其他农药的农药实例。该列表的其他优选农药为不为阴离子农药的那些。
杀真菌剂的实例为:
A)嗜球果伞素类
腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、enestroburin、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、亚胺菌(kresoxim-methyl)、叉氨苯酰胺(metominostrobin)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)、pyrametostrobin、pyraoxystrobin、pyribencarb、肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)、(2-氯-5-[1-(3-甲基苄氧基亚氨基)乙基]苄基)氨基甲酸乙酯和2-(2-(3-(2,6-二氯苯基)-1-甲基亚烯丙基氨基氧基甲基)苯基)-2-甲氧基亚氨基-N-甲基乙酰胺;
B)羧酰胺类
-羧酰苯胺类:苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、精苯霜灵(benalaxyl-M)、麦锈灵(benodanil)、bixafen、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、萎锈灵(carboxin)、呋菌胺(fenfuram)、环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)、氟酰胺(flutolanil)、呋吡唑灵(furametpyr)、isopyrazam、异噻菌胺(isotianil)、kiralaxyl、丙氧灭绣胺(mepronil)、甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、精甲霜灵(metalaxyl-M)(mefenoxam)、甲呋酰胺(ofurace)、霜灵(oxadixyl)、氧化萎锈灵(oxycarboxin)、penflufen、吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)、sedaxane、叶枯酞(tecloftalam)、溴氟唑菌(thifluzamide)、噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)、2-氨基-4-甲基噻唑-5-甲酰苯胺、N-(3',4',5'-三氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(4'-三氟甲基硫代联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺和N-(2-(1,3,3-三甲基丁基)苯基)-1,3-二甲基-5-氟-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;
-羧酰吗啉类:烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、氟吗啉(flumorph)、丁吡吗啉(pyrimorph);
-苯甲酸酰胺类:氟联苯菌(flumetover)、氟吡菌胺(fluopicolide)、氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)、苯酰菌胺(zoxamide);
-其他羧酰胺类:氯环丙酰胺(carpropamid)、双氯氰菌胺(diclocymet)、双炔酰菌胺(mandipropamid)、土霉素(oxytetracycline)、硅噻菌胺(silthiofam)和N-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)环丙烷羧酸酰胺
C)唑类
-三唑类:戊环菌(azaconazole)、双苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、糠菌唑(bromuconazole)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、醚唑(difenoconazole)、烯唑醇(diniconazole)、精烯唑醇(diniconazole-M)、氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、腈苯唑(fluquinconazole)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、粉唑醇(flutriafol)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、酰胺唑(imibenconazole)、环戊唑醇(ipconazole)、环戊唑菌(metconazole)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、咪唑(oxpoconazole)、多效唑(paclobutrazol)、戊菌唑(penconazole)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、硅氟唑(simeconazole)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、三唑酮(triadimefon)、唑菌醇(triadimenol)、戊叉唑菌(triticonazole)、烯效唑(uniconazole);
-咪唑类:氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、烯菌灵(imazalil)、稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)、丙氯灵(prochloraz)、氟菌唑(triflumizole);
-苯并咪唑类:苯菌灵(benomyl)、多菌灵(carbendazim)、麦穗宁(fuberidazole)、涕必灵(thiabendazole);
-其他:噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、氯唑灵(etridiazole)、土菌消(hymexazol)和2-(4-氯苯基)-N-[4-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)异唑-5-基]-2-丙-2-炔氧基乙酰胺;
D)杂环化合物
-吡啶类:氟啶胺(fluazinam)、啶斑肟(pyrifenox)、3-[5-(4-氯苯基)-2,3-二甲基异唑烷-3-基]吡啶、3-[5-(4-甲基苯基)-2,3-二甲基异唑烷-3-基]吡啶;
-嘧啶类:磺嘧菌灵(bupirimate)、环丙嘧啶(cyprodinil)、氟嘧菌胺(diflumetorim)、异嘧菌醇(fenarimol)、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)、氯定(nitrapyrin)、氯苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)、二甲嘧菌胺(pyrimethanil);
-哌嗪类:嗪氨灵(triforine);
-吡咯类:拌种咯(fenpiclonil)、氟菌(fludioxonil);
-吗啉类:aldimorph、吗菌灵(dodemorph)、吗菌灵乙酸酯(dodemorphacetate)、丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、克啉菌(tridemorph);
-哌啶类:苯锈啶(fenpropidin);
-二甲酰亚胺类:氟菌安(fluorimide)、异丙定(iprodione)、杀菌利(procymidone)、烯菌酮(vinclozolin);
-非芳族5员杂环类:唑酮菌(famoxadone)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、flutianil、异噻菌酮(octhilinone)、噻菌灵(probenazole)、5-氨基-2-异丙基-3-氧代-4-邻甲苯基-2,3-二氢吡唑-1-硫代甲酸S-烯丙基酯;
-其他:噻二唑素-S-甲基(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、ametoctradin、amisulbrom、敌菌灵(anilazine)、灭瘟素(blasticidin-S)、敌菌丹(captafol)、克菌丹(captan)、灭螨锰(chinomethionat)、棉隆(dazomet)、双乙氧咪唑威(debacarb)、哒菌清(diclomezine)、苯敌快(difenzoquat)、苯敌快甲基硫酸酯(difenzoquatmethylsulfate)、氰菌胺(fenoxanil)、灭菌丹(folpet)、喹菌酮(oxolinicacid)、粉病灵(piperalin)、丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、咯喹酮(pyroquilon)、喹氧灵(quinoxyfen)、唑菌嗪(triazoxide)、三环唑(tricyclazole)、2-丁氧基-6-碘-3-丙基苯并吡喃-4-酮、5-氯-1-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)-2-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑和5-氯-7-(4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-6-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶;
E)氨基甲酸酯类
-硫代和二硫代氨基甲酸酯类:福美铁(ferbam)、代森锰锌(mancozeb)、代森锰(maneb)、威百亩(metam)、磺菌威(methasulphocarb)、代森联(metiram)、代森锌(propineb)、福美双(thiram)、代森锌(zineb)、福美锌(ziram);
-氨基甲酸酯类:苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb)、乙霉威(diethofencarb)、异丙菌胺(iprovalicarb)、百维灵(propamocarb)、百维灵盐酸盐(propamocarbhydrochloride)、valiphenal和N-(1-(1-(4-氰基苯基)乙磺酰基)丁-2-基)氨基甲酸4-氟苯基酯;
F)其他活性物质
-胍类:胍(guanidine)、多果定(dodine)、多果定游离碱、双胍盐(guazatine)、双胍乙酸盐(guazatineacetate)、双胍辛醋酸盐(iminoctadine)、双胍辛醋酸盐(iminoctadinetriacetate)、双胍辛醋酸三(苯磺酸盐)(iminoctadinetris(albesilate));
-抗生素:春雷素(kasugamycin)、春雷素盐酸盐水合物(kasugamycinhydrochloridehydrate)、链霉素(streptomycin)、多氧霉素(polyoxin)、井冈霉素(validamycinA);
-硝基苯基衍生物:乐杀螨(binapacryl)、敌螨通(dinobuton)、敌螨普(dinocap)、nitrthal-isopropyl、四氯硝基苯(tecnazene);
-有机金属化合物:毒菌锡(fentinsalt),如毒菌锡醋酸盐(fentinacetate)、毒菌锡氯(fentinchloride)、毒菌锡氢氧化物(fentinhydroxide);
-含硫杂环化合物:二噻农(dithianon)、稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane);
-有机磷化合物:稻瘟光(edifenphos)、藻菌磷(fosetyl)、藻菌磷铝(fosetyl-aluminum)、异稻瘟净(iprobenfos)、亚磷酸及其盐、定菌磷(pyrazophos)、甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl);
-有机氯化合物:百菌清(chlorthalonil)、抑菌灵(dichlofluanid)、双氯酚(dichlorphen)、磺菌胺(flusulfamide)、六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、五氯酚(pentachlorophenol)及其盐、四氯苯酞(phthalide)、五氯硝基苯(quintozene)、甲基托布津(thiophanate-methyl)、对甲抑菌灵(tolylfluanid)、N-(4-氯-2-硝基苯基)-N-乙基-4-甲基苯磺酰胺;
-无机活性成分:波尔多液(Bordeaux混合剂)、醋酸铜、氢氧化铜、王铜、碱式硫酸铜、硫磺;
-其他:联苯、溴硝丙二醇(bronopol)、环氟菌胺(cyflufenamid)、清菌脲(cymoxanil)、二苯胺(diphenylamin)、苯菌酮(metrafenone)、米多霉素(mildiomycin)、喹啉铜(oxin-copper)、调环酸钙(prohexadione-calcium)、螺茂胺(spiroxamine)、tebufloquin、对甲抑菌灵(tolylfluanid)、N-(环丙基甲氧基亚氨基(6-二氟甲氧基-2,3-二氟苯基)甲基)-2-苯基乙酰胺、N'-(4-(4-氯-3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-2,5-二甲基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒、N'-(4-(4-氟-3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-2,5-二甲基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒、N'-(2-甲基-5-三氟甲基-4-(3-三甲基硅烷基丙氧基)苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒、N'-(5-二氟甲基-2-甲基-4-(3-三甲基硅烷基丙氧基)苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒、2-{1-[2-(5-甲基-3-三氟甲基吡唑-1-基)乙酰基]哌啶-4-基}噻唑-4-甲酸甲基-(1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1-基)酰胺、2-{1-[2-(5-甲基-3-三氟甲基吡唑-1-基)乙酰基]哌啶-4-基}噻唑-4-甲酸甲基-(R)-1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1-基酰胺、甲氧基乙酸6-叔丁基-8-氟-2,3-二甲基喹啉-4-基酯和N-甲基-2-{1-[2-(5-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)乙酰基]哌啶-4-基}-N-[(1R)-1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1-基]-4-噻唑甲酰胺。
生长调节剂的实例为:
脱落酸(abscisicacid)、先甲草胺(amidochlor)、嘧啶醇(ancymidol)、6-苄基氨基嘌呤、油菜素内酯(brassinolide)、地乐胺(butralin)、矮壮素阳离子(chlormequat)(氯化矮壮素(chlormequatchloride))、胆碱盐酸盐(cholinechloride)、环丙酸酰胺(cyclanilide)、丁酰肼(daminozide)、敌草克(dikegulac)、噻节因(dimethipin)、2,6-二甲基吡啶、乙烯利(ethephon)、氟节胺(flumetralin)、调嘧醇(flurprimidol)、达草氟(fluthiacet)、调吡脲(forchlorfenuron)、赤霉酸(gibberellicacid)、抗倒胺(inabenfid)、吲哚-3-乙酸、抑芽丹(maleichydrazide)、氟草磺(mefluidide)、助壮素(mepiquat)(助壮素(mepiquatchloride))、萘乙酸、N-6-苄基腺嘌呤、多效唑(paclobutrazol)、调环酸(调环酸钙)、茉莉酸诱导体(prohydrojasmon)、赛二唑素(thidiazuron)、抑芽唑(triapenthenol)、三硫代磷酸三丁酯、2,3,5-三碘苯甲酸、抗倒酯(trinexapac-ethyl)和烯效唑(uniconazole)。
除草剂的实例为:
-乙酰胺类:乙草胺(acetochlor)、甲草胺(alachlor)、丁草胺(butachlor)、克草胺(dimethachlor)、噻吩草胺(dimethenamid)、氟噻草胺(flufenacet)、苯噻草胺(mefenacet)、异丙甲草胺(metolachlor)、吡草胺(metazachlor)、草萘胺(napropamide)、萘丙胺(naproanilide)、烯草胺(pethoxamid)、丙草胺(pretilachlor)、毒草安(propachlor)、噻醚草胺(thenylchlor);
-氨基酸衍生物:双丙氨酰膦(bilanafos)、草甘膦(glyphosate)(例如草甘膦游离酸、草甘膦铵盐、草甘膦异丙铵盐、草甘膦三甲基锍盐、草甘膦钾盐、草甘膦二甲胺盐)、草铵膦(glufosinate)、草硫膦(sulfosate);
-芳氧基苯氧基丙酸酯类:炔草酯(clodinafop)、氰氟草酯(cyhalofop-butyl)、唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop)、吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop)、吡氟氯禾灵(haloxyfop)、metamifop、喔草酯(propaquizafop)、喹禾灵(quizalofop)、精喹禾灵(quizalofop-P-tefuryl);
-联吡啶类:敌草快(diquat)、对草快(paraquat);
-(硫代)氨基甲酸酯类:黄草灵(asulam)、苏达灭(butylate)、长杀草(carbetamide)、异苯敌草(desmedipham)、哌草丹(dimepiperate)、扑草灭(eptam)(EPTC)、禾草畏(esprocarb)、草达灭(molinate)、坪草丹(orbencarb)、苯敌草(phenmedipham)、苄草丹(prosulfocarb)、稗草畏(pyributicarb)、杀草丹(thiobencarb)、野麦畏(triallate);
-环己二酮类:丁氧环酮(butroxydim)、烯草酮(clethodim)、噻草酮(cycloxydim)、profoxydim、稀禾定(sethoxydim)、醌肟草(tepraloxydim)、肟草酮(tralkoxydim);
-二硝基苯胺类:氟草胺(benfluralin)、丁氟消草(ethalfluralin)、黄草消(oryzalin)、胺硝草(pendimethalin)、氨基丙氟灵(prodiamine)、氟乐灵(trifluralin);
-二苯醚类:氟锁草醚(acifluorfen)、苯草醚(aclonifen)、治草醚(bifenox)、氯甲草(diclofop)、氯氟草醚(ethoxyfen)、氟黄胺草醚(fomesafen)、乳氟禾草灵(lactofen)、氟硝草醚(oxyfluorfen);
-羟基苄腈类:溴苯腈(bromoxynil)、敌草腈(dichlobenil)、碘苯腈(ioxynil);
-咪唑啉酮类:咪草酯(imazamethabenz)、咪草啶酸(imazamox)、甲基咪草烟(imazapic)、灭草烟(imazapyr)、灭草喹(imazaquin)、咪草烟(imazethapyr);
-苯氧基乙酸类:稗草胺(clomeprop)、2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸(2,4-滴)、2,4-滴丁酸(2,4-DB)、2,4-滴丙酸(dichlorprop)、2甲4氯(MCPA)、2甲4氯-硫乙基(MCPA-thioethyl)、2甲4氯丁酸(MCPB)、2甲4氯丙酸(mecoprop);
-吡嗪类:杀草敏(chloridazon)、氟哒嗪草酯(flufenpyr-ethyl)、达草氟(fluthiacet)、达草灭(norflurazon)、达草止(pyridate);
-吡啶类:氯氨吡啶酸(aminopyralid)、二氯皮考啉酸(clopyralid)、吡氟草胺(diflufenican)、氟硫草定(dithiopyr)、氟草同(fluridone)、氟草烟(fluroxypyr)、毒莠定(picloram)、picolinafen、噻氟啶草(thiazopyr);
-磺酰脲类:磺氨黄隆(amidosulfuron)、四唑黄隆(azimsulfuron)、苄嘧黄隆(bensulfuron)、氯嘧黄隆(chlorimuron-ethyl)、绿黄隆(chlorsulfuron)、醚黄隆(cinosulfuron)、环丙黄隆(cyclosulfamuron)、乙氧嘧黄隆(ethoxysulfuron)、啶嘧黄隆(flazasulfuron)、氟吡磺隆(flucetosulfuron)、氟啶黄隆(flupyrsulfuron)、甲酰胺黄隆(foramsulfuron)、吡氯黄隆(halosulfuron)、啶咪黄隆(imazosulfuron)、碘黄隆(iodosulfuron)、甲磺胺黄隆(mesosulfuron)、metazosulfuron、metsulfuron-methyl、烟黄隆(nicosulfuron)、环丙氧黄隆(oxasulfuron)、氟嘧黄隆(primisulfuron)、氟丙黄隆(prosulfuron)、吡嘧黄隆(pyrazosulfuron)、玉嘧黄隆(rimsulfuron)、嘧黄隆(sulfometuron)、乙黄黄隆(sulfosulfuron)、噻黄隆(thifensulfuron)、醚苯黄隆(triasulfuron)、苯黄隆(tribenuron)、三氟啶黄隆(trifloxysulfuron)、氟胺黄隆(triflusulfuron)、三氟甲黄隆(tritosulfuron)、1-((2-氯-6-丙基-咪唑并[1,2-b]哒嗪-3-基)磺酰基)-3-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)脲;
-三嗪类:莠灭净(ametryn)、莠去津(atrazine)、草净津(cyanazine)、戊草津(dimethametryn)、乙嗪草酮(ethiozine)、六嗪同(hexazinone)、苯嗪草(metamitron)、赛克津(metribuzin)、扑草净(prometryn)、西玛津(simazine)、特丁津(terbuthylazine)、去草净(terbutryn)、苯氧丙胺津(triaziflam);
-脲类:绿麦隆(chlortoluron)、香草隆(daimuron)、敌草隆(diuron)、伏草隆(fluometuron)、异丙隆(isoproturon)、利谷隆(linuron)、噻唑隆(methabenzthiazuron)、丁唑隆(tebuthiuron);
-其他乙酰乳酸合成酶抑制剂:双嘧苯甲酸钠(bispyribac-sodium)、唑嘧磺胺盐(cloransulam-methyl)、唑嘧磺胺(diclosulam)、双氟磺草胺(florasulam)、氟酮黄隆(flucarbazone)、氟唑啶草(flumetsulam)、唑草磺胺(metosulam)、ortho-sulfamuron、五氟磺草胺(penoxsulam)、丙苯磺隆(propoxycarbazone)、pyribambenz-propyl、嘧苯草肟(pyribenzoxim)、pyriftalid、肟啶草(pyriminobac-methyl)、pyrimisulfan、嘧硫苯甲酸(pyrithiobac)、pyroxasulfone、吡唑磺草胺(pyroxsulam);
-其他:氨唑草酮(amicarbazone)、杀草强(aminotriazole)、莎稗磷(anilofos)、氟丁酰草胺(beflubutamid)、草除灵(benazolin)、bencarbazone、呋草磺(benfuresate)、吡草酮(benzofenap)、噻草平(bentazone)、benzobicyclon、bicyclopyrone、除草定(bromacil)、溴丁酰草胺(bromobutide)、氟丙嘧草酯(butafenacil)、草胺磷(butamifos)、唑草胺(cafenstrole)、氟酮唑草(carfentrazone)、吲哚酮草酯(cinidon-ethyl)、敌草索(chlorthal)、环庚草醚(cinmethylin)、异恶草酮(clomazone)、苄草隆(cumyluron)、cyprosulfamide、麦草畏(dicamba)、苯敌快(difenzoquat)、二氟吡隆(diflufenzopyr)、稗内脐蠕孢菌(Drechsleramonoceras)、草藻灭(endothal)、乙呋草黄(ethofumesate)、乙苯酰草(etobenzanid)、fenoxasulfone、四唑草胺(fentrazamide)、酰亚胺苯氧乙酸(flumiclorac-pentyl)、氟嗪酮(flumioxazin)、胺草唑(flupoxam)、氟咯草酮(fluorochloridone)、呋草酮(flurtamone)、茚草酮(indanofan)、异恶草胺(isoxaben)、异氟草(isoxaflutole)、环草定(lenacil)、敌稗(propanil)、戊炔草胺(propyzamide)、二氯喹啉酸(quinclorac)、喹草酸(quinmerac)、硝磺酮(mesotrione)、甲砷酸(methylarsenicacid)、抑草生(naptalam)、炔丙唑草(oxadiargyl)、恶草灵(oxadiazon)、氯嗪草(oxaziclomefone)、戊唑草(pentoxazone)、pinoxaden、双唑草腈(pyraclonil)、氟唑草酯(pyraflufen-ethyl)、pyrasulfotole、苄草唑(pyrazoxyfen)、吡唑特(pyrazolynate)、灭藻醌(quinoclamine)、saflufenacil、磺草酮(sulcotrione)、磺胺草唑(sulfentrazone)、特草定(terbacil)、tefuryltrione、tembotrione、thiencarbazone、吡草磺(topramezone)、(3-[2-氯-4-氟-5-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-4-三氟甲基-3,6-二氢-2H-嘧啶-1-基)苯氧基]吡啶-2-基氧基)乙酸乙酯、6-氨基-5-氯-2-环丙基嘧啶-4-甲酸甲酯、6-氯-3-(2-环丙基-6-甲基苯氧基)哒嗪-4-醇、4-氨基-3-氯-6-(4-氯苯基)-5-氟吡啶-2-甲酸、4-氨基-3-氯-6-(4-氯-2-氟-3-甲氧基苯基)吡啶-2-甲酸甲酯和4-氨基-3-氯-6-(4-氯-3-二甲基氨基-2-氟苯基)吡啶-2-甲酸甲酯。
杀昆虫剂的实例为:
-有机(硫代)磷酸酯类:高灭磷(acephate)、唑啶磷(azamethiphos)、谷硫磷(azinphos-methyl)、毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos)、甲基毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos-methyl)、毒虫畏(chlorfenvinphos)、二嗪农(diazinon)、敌敌畏(dichlorvos)、百治磷(dicrotophos)、乐果(dimethoate)、乙拌磷(disulfoton)、乙硫磷(ethion)、杀螟松(fenitrothion)、倍硫磷(fenthion)、异唑磷(isoxathion)、马拉硫磷(malathion)、甲胺磷(methamidophos)、杀扑磷(methidathion)、甲基一六零五(methyl-parathion)、速灭磷(mevinphos)、久效磷(monocrotophos)、砜吸磷(oxydemeton-methyl)、对氧磷(paraoxon)、一六零五(parathion)、稻丰散(phenthoate)、伏杀硫磷(phosalone)、亚胺硫磷(phosmet)、磷胺(phosphamidon)、甲拌磷(phorate)、辛硫磷(phoxim)、虫螨磷(pirimiphos-methyl)、丙溴磷(profenofos)、丙硫磷(prothiofos)、乙丙硫磷(sulprophos)、四氯烯磷(tetrachlorvinphos)、特丁磷(terbufos)、三唑磷(triazophos)、敌百虫(trichlorfon);
-氨基甲酸酯类:棉铃威(alanycarb)、涕灭威(aldicarb)、虫威(bendiocarb)、丙硫克百威(benfuracarb)、甲萘威(carbaryl)、虫螨威(carbofuran)、丁硫克百威(carbosulfan)、双氧威(fenoxycarb)、呋线威(furathiocarb)、灭虫威(methiocarb)、灭多虫(methomyl)、甲氨叉威(oxamyl)、抗蚜威(pirimicarb)、残杀威(propoxur)、硫双威(thiodicarb)、唑蚜威(triazamate);
-拟除虫菊酯类:丙烯除虫菊酯(allethrin)、氟氯菊酯(bifenthrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、氯氟氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)、苯醚氰菊酯(cyphenothrin)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)、α-氯氰菊酯(alpha-cypermethrin)、β-氯氰菊酯(beta-cypermethrin)、己体氯氰菊酯(zeta-cypermethrin)、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、高氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)、醚菊酯(etofenprox)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)、杀灭菊酯(fenvalerate)、咪炔菊酯(imiprothrin)、λ-氯氟氰菊酯(lambda-cyhalothrin)、氯菊酯(permethrin)、炔酮菊酯(prallethrin)、除虫菊酯I和II(pyrethrinI和II)、吡咪唑菌(resmethrin)、灭虫硅醚(silafluofen)、τ-氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinat)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、胺菊酯(tetramethrin)、四溴菊酯(tralomethrin)、四氟菊酯(transfluthrin)、profluthrin、dimefluthrin;
-昆虫生长抑制剂:a)几丁质合成抑制剂:苯甲酰脲类:定虫隆(chloriluazuron)、灭蝇胺(cyromazin)、氟脲杀(diflubenzuron)、氟螨脲(flucycloxuron)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)、氟铃脲(hexaflumuron)、氟丙氧脲(lufenuron)、双苯氟脲(novaluron)、伏虫隆(teflubenzuron)、杀虫隆(triflumuron);噻嗪酮(buprofezin)、茂醚(diofenolan)、噻螨酮(hexythiazox)、特苯唑(etoxazole)、四螨嗪(clofentezine);b)蜕皮素拮抗剂:特丁苯酰肼(halofenozide)、甲氧苯酰肼(methoxyfenozide)、双苯酰肼(tebufenozide)、艾扎丁(azadirachtin);c)保幼激素类:蚊蝇醚(pyriproxyfen)、蒙五一五(methoprene)、双氧威(fenoxycarb);d)类脂生物合成抑制剂:螺螨酯(spirodiclofen)、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifen)、螺虫乙酯(spirotetramat);
-烟碱受体激动剂/拮抗剂:噻虫胺(clothianidin)、呋虫胺(dinotefuran)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)、硝胺烯啶(nitenpyram)、吡虫清(acetamiprid)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid)、1-(2-氯噻唑-5-基甲基)-2-硝亚氨基-3,5-二甲基[1,3,5]六氢化三嗪烷(triazinane);
-GABA拮抗剂化合物:硫丹(endosulfan)、乙虫清(ethiprole)、锐劲特(fipronil)、氟吡唑虫(vaniliprole)、pyrafluprole、pyriprole、5-氨基-1-(2,6-二氯-4-甲基苯基)-4-胺亚磺酰基(sulfinamoyl)-1H-吡唑-3-硫代羧酰胺;
-大环内酯杀昆虫剂:齐墩螨素(abamectin)、甲氨基阿维菌素(emamectin)、米尔螨素(milbemectin)、lepimectin、艾克敌105(spinosad)、spinetoram;
-线粒体电子传输链抑制剂(METI)I杀螨剂:喹螨醚(fenazaquin)、哒螨酮(pyridaben)、吡螨胺(tebufenpyrad)、唑虫酰胺(tolfenpyrad)、flufenerim;
-METIII和III化合物:灭螨醌(acequinocyl)、嘧螨酯(fluacrypyrim)、灭蚁腙(hydramethylnon);
-去偶剂:氟唑虫清(chlorfenapyr);
-氧化磷酸化抑制剂:三环锡(cyhexatin)、杀螨硫隆(diafenthiuron)、杀螨锡(fenbutatinoxide)、克螨特(propargite);
-昆虫蜕皮抑制剂:灭蝇胺(cyromazine);
-混合功能氧化酶抑制剂:增效醚(piperonylbutoxide);
-钠通道阻断剂:二唑虫(indoxacarb)、氰氟虫胺(metaflumizone);
-其他:benclothiaz、联苯肼酯(bifenazate)、杀螟丹(cartap)、氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid)、啶虫丙醚(pyridalyl)、拒嗪酮(pymetrozin)、硫磺、硫环杀(thiocyclam)、氟虫酰胺(flubendiamide)、chlorantraniliprole、cyazypyr(HGW86);cyenopyrafen、flupyrazofos、丁氟螨酯(cyflumetofen)、磺胺螨酯(amidoflume)、imicyafos、双三氟虫脲(bistrifluron)和新喹唑啉(pyrifluquinazon)。
本发明组合物适于用作除草剂。其适于以原样或作为经适当配制的组合物形式使用。本发明组合物可非常有效地控制非作物区域上的植被,尤其是在高施用率下。其用于防治作物如小麦、稻、玉米、大豆和棉花中的阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草,且不会对所述作物植物造成任何明显损害。该效果主要在低施用率下观测到。
取决于所述施用方法,本发明组合物可额外用于其他许多作物植物以清除不希望的植物。合适作物的实例如下:洋葱(Alliumcepa)、凤梨(Ananascomosus)、落花生(Arachishypogaea)、石刁柏(Asparagusofficinalis)、燕麦(Avenasativa)、甜菜(Betavulgarisspec.altissima)、甜菜(Betavulgarisspec.rapa)、欧洲油菜(Brassicanapusvar.napus)、芜青甘蓝(Brassicanapusvar.napobrassica)、芜青(Brassicarapavar.silvestris)、羽衣甘蓝(Brassicaoleracea)、黑芥(Brassicanigra)、芥菜(Brassicajuncea)、白菜(Brassicacampestris)、大叶茶(Camelliasinensis)、红花(Carthamustinctorius)、美国山核桃(Caryaillinoinensis)、柠檬(Citruslimon)、甜橙(Citrussinensis)、小果咖啡(Coffeaarabica)(中果咖啡(Coffeacanephora)、大果咖啡(Coffealiberica))、黄瓜(Cucumissativus)、狗牙根(Cynodondactylon)、胡萝卜(Daucuscarota)、油棕(Elaeisguineensis)、欧洲草莓(Fragariavesca)、大豆(Glycinemax)、陆地棉(Gossypiumhirsutum)(树棉(Gossypiumarboreum)、草棉(Gossypiumherbaceum)、木棉(Gossypiumvitifolium))、向日葵(Helianthusannuus)、Heveabrasiliensis、大麦(Hordeumvulgare)、啤酒花(Humuluslupulus)、甘薯(Ipomoeabatatas)、核桃(Juglansregia)、兵豆(Lensculinaris)、亚麻(Linumusitatissimum)、番茄(Lycopersiconlycopersicum)、苹果属(Malusspec.)、木薯(Manihotesculenta)、紫苜蓿(Medicagosativa)、芭蕉属(Musaspec.)、烟草(Nicotianatabacum)(黄花烟草(N.rustica))、油橄榄(Oleaeuropaea)、稻(Oryzasativa)、金甲豆(Phaseoluslunatus)、菜豆(Phaseolusvulgaris)、欧洲云杉(Piceaabies)、松属(Pinusspec.)、开心果(Pistaciavera)、Pisumsativum、欧洲甜樱桃(Prunusavium)、桃树(Prunuspersica)、西洋梨(Pyruscommunis)、杏(Prunusarmeniaca)、欧洲酸樱桃(Prunuscerasus)、扁桃(Prunusdulcis)和欧洲李(Prunusdomestica)、茶藨子(Ribessylvestre)、蓖麻(Ricinuscommunis)、甘蔗(Saccharumofficinarum)、黑麦(Secalecereale)、白芥(Sinapisalba)、马铃薯(Solanumtuberosum)、两色蜀黍(Sorghumbicolor)(高粱(S.vulgare))、可可树(Theobromacacao)、红车轴草(Trifoliumpratense)、普通小麦(Triticumaestivum)、小黑麦(Triticale)、硬粒小麦(Triticumdurum)、蚕豆(Viciafaba)、葡萄(Vitisvinifera)、玉蜀黍(Zeamays)。
优选的作物如下:落花生(Arachishypogaea)、甜菜(Betavulgarisspec.altissima)、欧洲油菜(Brassicanapusvar.napus)、羽衣甘蓝(Brassicaoleracea)、芥菜(Brassicajuncea)、柠檬(Citruslimon)、甜橙(Citrussinensis)、小果咖啡(Coffeaarabica)(中果咖啡(Coffeacanephora)、大果咖啡(Coffealiberica))、狗牙根(Cynodondactylon)、大豆(Glycinemax)、陆地棉(Gossypiumhirsutum)(树棉(Gossypiumarboreum)、草棉(Gossypiumherbaceum)、木棉(Gossypiumvitifolium))、向日葵(Helianthusannuus)、大麦(Hordeumvulgare)、核桃(Juglansregia)、兵豆(Lensculinaris)、亚麻(Linumusitatissimum)、番茄(Lycopersiconlycopersicum)、苹果属(Malusspec.)、紫苜蓿(Medicagosativa)、烟草(Nicotianatabacum)(黄花烟草(N.rustica))、油橄榄(Oleaeuropaea)、稻(Oryzasativa)、金甲豆(Phaseoluslunatus)、菜豆(Phaseolusvulgaris)、开心果(Pistaciavera)、Pisumsativum、扁桃(Prunusdulcis)、甘蔗(Saccharumofficinarum)、黑麦(Secalecereale)、马铃薯(Solanumtuberosum)、两色蜀黍(Sorghumbicolor)(高粱(S.vulgare))、小黑麦(Triticale)、普通小麦(Triticumaestivum)、硬粒小麦(Triticumdurum)、蚕豆(Viciafaba)、葡萄(Vitisvinifera)和玉蜀黍(Zeamays)。
本发明组合物也可用于基因修饰例如改变其性状或特征的植物。术语“基因修饰的植物”应理解为其遗传物质已通过使用DNA重组技术以在自然环境下无法由杂交育种、诱变、自然重组、育种、突变或基因工程容易地获得的方式加以修饰的植物。通常将一个或多个基因整合到基因修饰植物的遗传物质中以改善所述植物的某些性能。这类基因修饰同样包括但不限于蛋白质、寡肽或多肽的靶向翻译后修饰,例如通过糖基化或聚合物加成如异戊二烯化、乙酰化或法呢基化结构部分或PEG结构部分。
本发明组合物尤其可用于已通过育种、突变或遗传工程修饰例如赋予对特定类别除草剂施用具有耐受性的植物。由于常规育种方法或遗传工程已形成对多类除草剂的耐受性,这些除草剂如植物生长素类除草剂如麦草畏或2,4-滴;漂白剂类除草剂如羟基苯基丙酮酸二加氧酶(HPPD)抑制剂或八氢番茄红素去饱和酶(PDS)抑制剂;乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)抑制剂如磺酰脲类或咪唑啉酮类;烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸3-磷酸合成酶(EPSPS)抑制剂如草甘膦;谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)抑制剂如草铵膦;原卟啉原-IX氧化酶(PPO)抑制剂;类脂生物合成抑制剂如乙酰CoA羧化酶(ACC酶)抑制剂;或苯腈类(oxynil)除草剂(即溴苯腈或碘苯腈)。此外,还产生通过多种基因修饰而耐受多类除草剂,例如耐受草甘膦和草铵膦或耐受草甘膦和另一类除草剂如ALS抑制剂、HPPD抑制剂、植物生长素类除草剂和ACC酶抑制剂的植物。这些除草剂耐受技术例如描述于PestManagem.Sci.61,2005,246;61,2005,258;61,2005,277;61,2005,269;61,2005,286;64,2008,326;64,2008,332;WeedSci.57,2009,108;Austral.J.Agricult.Res.58,2007,708;Science316,2007,1185及其中引用的文献中。这些除草剂耐受技术的实例也描述于US2008/0028482、US2009/0029891、WO2007/143690、WO2010/080829、US6307129、US7022896、US2008/0015110、US7,632,985、US7105724和US7381861中,各自通过引用并入本文中。
已通过常规育种(诱变)方法赋予数种栽培植物对除草剂的耐受性,例如夏季油菜(卡诺拉(Canola),德国BASFSE)对咪唑啉酮类(例如咪草啶酸)具有耐受性,或向日葵(美国DuPont)对磺酰脲类(例如苯磺隆)具有耐受性。遗传工程方法已用于赋予栽培植物如大豆、棉花、玉米、甜菜和油菜对除草剂如草甘膦、麦草畏、咪唑啉酮类和草铵膦的耐受性,其中的一些处于研发阶段或者可以以商标或商品名(耐受草甘膦,美国Monsanto)、(耐受咪唑啉酮类,德国BASFSE)和(耐受草铵膦,德国BayerCropScience)商购获得。
此外,还涵盖通过使用重组DNA技术而能够合成一种或多种杀虫蛋白的植物,该蛋白尤其是由芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)细菌已知的那些,特别是由苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillusthuringiensis)已知的那些,例如δ-内毒素如CryIA(b)、CryIA(c)、CryIF、CryIF(a2)、CryIIA(b)、CryIIIA、CryIIIB(b1)或Cry9c;无性杀虫蛋白(VIP)如VIP1、VIP2、VIP3或VIP3A;线虫定居细菌的杀虫蛋白如发光杆菌属(Photorhabdus)或致病杆菌属(Xenorhabdus);由动物产生的毒素如蝎毒素、蜘蛛毒素、黄蜂毒素或其他昆虫特异性神经毒素;由真菌产生的毒素如链霉菌属(Streptomycetes)毒素,植物凝集素如豌豆或大麦凝集素;凝集素;蛋白酶抑制剂如胰蛋白酶抑制剂、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、patatin、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂或木瓜蛋白酶抑制剂;核糖体失活蛋白(RIP)如蓖麻蛋白、玉米-RIP、相思豆毒蛋白、丝瓜籽蛋白、皂草素或异株腹泻毒蛋白(bryodin);类固醇代谢酶如3-羟基类固醇氧化酶、蜕皮甾类-IDP糖基转移酶、胆固醇氧化酶、蜕皮激素抑制剂或HMG-CoA还原酶;离子通道阻断剂如钠通道或钙通道阻断剂;保幼激素酯酶;利尿激素受体(helicokinin受体);茋合成酶,联苄合成酶,壳多糖酶或葡聚糖酶。就本发明而言,这些杀虫蛋白或毒素还具体理解为前毒素、杂合蛋白、截短的或其他方面改性的蛋白。杂合蛋白的特征在于蛋白域的新型组合(例如参见WO02/015701)。该类毒素或能够合成该类毒素的基因修饰植物的其他实例公开于例如EP-A374753、WO93/007278、WO95/34656、EP-A427529、EP-A451878、WO03/18810和WO03/52073中。生产该类基因修饰植物的方法对本领域技术人员通常是已知的且例如描述于上述出版物中。这些含于基因修饰植物中的杀虫蛋白赋予产生这些蛋白的植物以对所有分类学上为节肢动物昆虫的害虫,尤其是甲虫(鞘翅目(Coleoptera))、双翅目昆虫(双翅目(Diptera))和蛾(鳞翅目(Lepidoptera))以及线虫(线虫纲(Nematoda))的耐受性。能够合成一种或多种杀虫蛋白的基因修饰植物例如描述于上述出版物中,它们中的一些可商购获得,例如(产生毒素Cry1Ab的玉米品种),Plus(产生毒素Cry1Ab和Cry3Bb1的玉米品种),(产生毒素Cry9c的玉米品种),RW(产生毒素Cry34Ab1、Cry35Ab1和酶膦丝菌素-N-乙酰转移酶[PAT]的玉米品种);33B(产生毒素Cry1Ac的棉花品种),I(产生毒素Cry1Ac的棉花品种),II(产生毒素Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab2的棉花品种);(产生VIP毒素的棉花品种);(产生毒素Cry3A的马铃薯品种);法国SyngentaSeedsSAS的 Bt11(例如CB)和Bt176(产生毒素Cry1Ab和PAT酶的玉米品种),法国SyngentaSeedsSAS的MIR604(产生毒素Cry3A的修饰译本的玉米品种,参见WO03/018810),比利时MonsantoEuropeS.A.的MON863(产生毒素Cry3Bb1的玉米品种),比利时MonsantoEuropeS.A.的IPC531(产生毒素Cry1Ac的修饰译本的棉花品种)和比利时PioneerOverseasCorporation的1507(产生毒素Cry1F和PAT酶的玉米品种)。
此外,还涵盖通过使用重组DNA技术而能够合成一种或多种蛋白以增加其对细菌、病毒或真菌病原体的抗性或耐受性的植物。这类蛋白的实例是所谓的“与发病机理相关的蛋白”(PR蛋白,例如参见EP-A392225),植物病害抗性基因(例如表达针对来自野生墨西哥马铃薯Solanumbulbocastanum的致病疫霉(Phytophthorainfestans)的抗性基因的马铃薯栽培品种)或T4溶菌酶(例如能够合成对细菌如Erwiniaamylvora具有增强抗性的这些蛋白的马铃薯栽培品种)。生产这类基因修饰植物的方法通常为本领域技术人员所已知且例如描述于上述出版物中。
此外,还涵盖通过使用重组DNA技术而能够合成一种或多种蛋白以提高产量(例如生物质产量、谷粒产量、淀粉含量、油含量或蛋白含量),对干旱、盐或其他限制生长的环境因素的耐受性或对那些植物的害虫以及真菌、细菌或病毒病原体的耐受性的植物。
此外,还涵盖通过使用重组DNA技术而含有改变量的物质含量或新物质含量以尤其改善人类或动物营养的植物,例如产生促进健康的长链ω-3脂肪酸或不饱和ω-9脂肪酸的油料作物(例如油菜,加拿大DOWAgroSciences)。
此外,还包括通过使用重组DNA技术而含有改变量的物质含量或新物质含量以尤其改善原料生产的植物,例如产生提高量的支链淀粉的马铃薯(例如马铃薯,德国BASFSE)。
此外,已发现本发明组合物还适于植物部分的脱叶和/或干燥,对此合适的是作物如棉花、马铃薯、油菜、向日葵、大豆或蚕豆,尤其是棉花。就此而言,已经发现用于植物干燥和/或脱叶的组合物、制备这些组合物的方法以及使用本发明组合物使植物干燥和/或脱叶的方法。
作为干燥剂,本发明组合物特别适于干燥作物如马铃薯、油菜、向日葵和大豆以及禾谷类的地面上部分。这使得这些重要作物的完全机械化收获成为可能。
还具有经济益处的是促进柑橘类水果、橄榄和其他品种的仁果、核果和坚果的收获,这通过在一定时间期限内集中裂开或降低对树的粘附而成为可能。相同的机理,即促进水果部分或叶部分与植物的枝部分之间产生脱离组织对于有用植物,尤其是棉花的易控脱叶也是必要的。此外,各棉花植株成熟的时间间隔缩短导致收获后的纤维质量提高。
主要通过喷雾叶片而将本发明组合物施用至植物。此处,可使用例如水作为载体借助常规喷雾技术使用约100-1000L/ha(例如300-400L/ha)的喷雾液量进行施用。所述除草组合物也可通过低体积或超低体积方法或者以微粒形式施用。
本发明的除草组合物可在出苗前或出苗后施用或者与作物种子一起施用。也可通过施用用本发明组合物预处理的作物植物的种子而施用所述化合物和组合物。如果某些作物植物对活性化合物A和C以及合适的C的耐受性较差,则可采用其中借助喷雾装置以使得其不与敏感作物的叶片接触,同时使活性化合物达到下方生长的不希望植物的叶片或裸露土壤表面(直接喷施、绕路到达(post-directed,lay-by))的方式喷雾所述除草组合物的施用技术。
在另一实施方案中,可通过处理种子而施用本发明的组合物。种子处理基本上包括基于本发明组合物的本领域技术人员所熟知的所有程序(拌种、种子包衣、种子撒粉、浸种、种子包膜、种子多层包衣、种子包壳、种子滴液和种子造粒)。此处,所述除草组合物可经稀释或不经稀释施用。
术语“种子”包括所有类型种子,例如谷粒、种子、水果、根茎、秧苗及类似形式。此处,优选术语“种子”描述谷粒和种子。
所用的种子可为上述有用植物的种子,以及转基因植物或由常规育种方法获得的植物的种子。
活性化合物的施用率为0.0001-3.0kg/ha,优选为0.01-1.0kg/ha活性物质(a.s.),这取决于防治目标、季节、目标植物和生长阶段。为了处理种子,所述农药通常以0.001-10kg/100kg种子的量使用。
此外,可有利地单独或与其他作物安全剂组合而施用本发明的组合物,例如与用于防治害虫或植物病原性真菌或细菌的试剂或与调节生长的活性化合物组合施用。还有益的是其与用于治疗营养和微量元素缺乏的无机盐溶液的混溶性。也可添加非植物毒性的油和油浓缩物。
本发明组合物也可转化成常规类型的农业化学组合物,例如溶液、乳液、悬浮液、粉剂、粉末、糊剂和颗粒剂。组合物类型取决于特定预期目的;在每种情况下,应确保本发明化合物精细和均匀分布。组合物类型的实例是悬浮液(SC、OD、FS),可乳化浓缩物(EC),乳液(EW、EO、ES),糊,锭剂,可润湿粉末或粉剂(WP、SP、SS、WS、DP、DS)或可水溶性或润湿性颗粒(GR、FG、GG、MG),以及用于处理植物繁殖材料如种子的凝胶(GF)。组合物类型(例如SC、OD、FS、EC、WG、SG、WP、SP、SS、WS、GF)通常在稀释后使用。组合物类型(例如,DP、DS、GR、FG、GG和MG)通常不经稀释即使用。所述组合物以已知方式制备。当所述农业化学组合物为含水组合物时,本发明的盐可离解成阴离子和阳离子。
所述农业化学组合物也可包含农业化学组合物中的常规助剂。所用助剂分别取决于具体的施用形式和活性物质。合适助剂的实例是溶剂,固体载体,分散剂或乳化剂(例如其他加溶剂、保护性胶体、表面活性剂和增粘剂),有机和无机增稠剂、杀菌剂、防冻剂、消泡剂,合适的话着色剂和粘合剂(例如用于种子处理)。
合适的溶剂是水,有机溶剂,例如中至高沸点的矿物油馏分如煤油和柴油,此外还有煤焦油,以及植物或动物来源的油,脂族、环状和芳族烃类,例如甲苯、二甲苯、石蜡、四氢化萘、烷基化萘及其衍生物,醇如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇和环己醇,二醇(如乙二醇或1,2-丙二醇),酮如环己酮和γ-丁内酯,脂肪酸二甲基酰胺、脂肪酸和脂肪酸酯以及强极性溶剂,例如胺如N-甲基吡咯烷酮。优选的溶剂为水。
固体载体为矿土如硅酸盐、硅胶、滑石、高岭土、石灰石、石灰、白垩、红玄武土、黄土、粘土、白云石、硅藻土、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、硫酸铁、氧化镁;磨碎的合成物质;肥料如硫酸铵、磷酸铵、硝酸铵、尿素;以及植物产品如谷粉、树皮粉、锯末和坚果壳粉,纤维素粉或其他固体载体。
合适的表面活性剂(助剂、润湿剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂)为芳族磺酸如木素磺酸(类型,挪威Borregaard)、苯酚磺酸、萘磺酸(类型,AkzoNobel,USA)、二丁基萘磺酸(类型,德国BASF)以及脂肪酸的碱金属、碱土金属和铵盐,烷基磺酸盐、烷基芳基磺酸盐,烷基硫酸盐,月桂基醚硫酸盐,脂肪醇硫酸盐,以及硫酸化十六-、十七-和十八烷醇盐、硫酸化脂肪醇乙二醇醚,此外还有萘或萘磺酸与苯酚和甲醛的缩合物,聚氧乙烯辛基苯基醚,乙氧基化异辛基酚、辛基酚、壬基酚,烷基苯基聚乙二醇醚、三丁基苯基聚乙二醇醚,三硬脂基苯基聚乙二醇醚、烷芳基聚醚醇、醇和脂肪醇/氧化乙烯缩合物,蓖麻油乙氧基化物,聚氧乙烯烷基醚,乙氧基化聚氧丙烯,月桂醇聚乙二醇醚缩乙醛,山梨醇酯,木素亚硫酸盐废液,以及蛋白质,变性蛋白,多糖(例如甲基纤维素),疏水改性淀粉,聚乙烯醇(类型,瑞士Clariant),聚羧酸盐(类型,德国BASF),聚烷氧基化物,聚乙烯胺(类型,德国BASF),聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮及其共聚物。其他合适的表面活性剂(尤其是对包含草甘膦的农业化学组合物而言)为烷氧基化C4-22烷基胺,如乙氧基化牛油胺(POEA)以及EP1389040中所公开的表面活性剂(例如实施例1-14中的那些)。
增稠剂(即赋予组合物以改性的流动性能,即静止状态下的高粘度和搅动期间的低粘度的化合物)的实例是多糖以及有机和无机粘土如黄原胶(美国CPKelco),23(法国Rhodia),(美国R.T.Vanderbilt)或(美国EngelhardCorp.,NJ)。可以加入杀菌剂来保存和稳定该组合物。合适杀菌剂的实例是基于双氯酚和苄醇半缩甲醛的那些(ICI的或ThorChemie的RS和Rohm&Haas的MK),以及异噻唑啉酮衍生物如烷基异噻唑啉酮类和苯并异噻唑啉酮类(ThorChemie的MBS)。合适防冻剂的实例是乙二醇、丙二醇、尿素和甘油。消泡剂实例是聚硅氧烷乳液(例如德国Wacker的SRE或法国Rhodia的),长链醇,脂肪酸,脂肪酸盐,含氟有机化合物及其混合物。增粘剂或粘合剂的实例为聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇和纤维素醚(日本Shin-Etsu的).着色剂的实例为微水溶性颜料和水溶性染料二者。可提及的实例为以如下名称所已知的染料:若丹明B、C.I.颜料红112和C.I.溶剂红1、以及颜料蓝15:4、颜料蓝15:3、颜料蓝15:2、颜料蓝15:1、颜料蓝80、颜料黄1、颜料黄13、颜料红112、颜料红48:2、颜料红48:1、颜料红57:1、颜料红53:1、颜料橙43、颜料橙34、颜料橙5、颜料绿36、颜料绿7、颜料白6、颜料棕25、碱性紫10、碱性紫49、酸性红51、酸性红52、酸性红14、酸性蓝9、酸性黄23、碱性红10、碱性红108。
粉末、撒播材料和粉剂可通过混合或同时研磨本发明盐和合适的话其他活性物质与至少一种固体载体而制备。颗粒,例如包衣颗粒、浸渍颗粒和均质颗粒可通过使活性物质与固体载体粘合而制备。固体载体的实例为矿土,如硅胶、硅酸盐、滑石、高岭土、活性粘土、石灰石、石灰、白垩、红玄武土、黄土、粘土、白云石、硅藻土、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、氧化镁;经研磨的合成材料;肥料,如硫酸铵、磷酸铵、硝酸铵、尿素;以及植物来源产品,如谷粉、树皮粉、木粉和坚果壳粉、纤维素粉;以及其他固体载体。
组合物类型的实例为:
1.用水稀释的组合物类型
i)水溶性浓缩物(SL,LS)
将50重量份盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)溶于50重量份水或水溶性溶剂中。或者,添加润湿剂或其他助剂。用水稀释后,该活性物质溶解。以此方式获得具有10重量%活性物质含量的组合物。
ii)可分散的浓缩物(DC)
将20重量份盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)溶于70重量份环己酮中,同时添加10重量份分散剂(例如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮)。用水稀释获得分散体。活性物质含量为20重量%。
iii)可乳化的浓缩物(EC)
将15重量份盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)溶于75重量份二甲苯中,同时添加十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(在每种情况下为5重量份)。用水稀释获得乳液。该组合物的活性物质含量为15重量%。
iv)乳液(EW、EO、ES)
将25重量份盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)溶于35重量份二甲苯中,同时添加十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(在每种情况下为5重量份)。借助乳化机(Ultraturrax)将该混合物引入30重量份水中并制成均质乳液。用水稀释获得乳液。该组合物的活性物质含量为25重量%。
v)悬浮液(SC、OD、FS)
在搅拌式球磨机中粉碎20重量份盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和),同时添加10重量份分散剂和润湿剂以及70重量份水或有机溶剂,以获得精细的活性物质悬浮液。用水稀释获得活性物质的稳定悬浮液。该组合物中的活性物质含量为20重量%。
vi)可水分散的颗粒和水溶性颗粒(WG、SG)
细碎研磨50重量份盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和),同时添加50重量份分散剂和润湿剂,并借助工业装置(例如挤出机、喷雾塔、流化床)将其制成可水分散的颗粒或水溶性颗粒。用水稀释获得活性物质的稳定分散体或溶液。该组合物的活性物质含量为50重量%。
vii)可水分散的粉剂和水溶性粉剂(WP、SP、SS、WS)
在转子-定子研磨机中将75重量份盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)研磨,同时添加25重量份分散剂、润湿剂和硅胶。用水稀释获得活性物质的稳定分散体或溶液。该组合物中的活性物质含量为75重量%。
viii)凝胶(GF)
在搅拌式球磨机中研磨20重量份盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和),同时添加10重量份分散剂、1重量份胶凝剂润湿剂和70重量份水或有机溶剂,以获得活性物质的细悬浮液。用水稀释获得活性物质的稳定悬浮液,由此获得具有20%(w/w)活性物质的组合物。
2.不经稀释即施用的组合物类型
ix)可撒粉粉末(DP、DS)
细碎研磨5重量份盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)并与95重量份经细碎研磨的高岭土充分混合。这获得活性物质含量为5重量%的可撒粉组合物。
x)颗粒(GR、FG、GG、MG)
细碎研磨0.5重量份盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)连同99.5重量份载体。现行方法为挤出、喷雾干燥或流化床。这获得活性物质含量为0.5重量%的不经稀释即施用的颗粒。
xi)ULV溶液(UL)
将10重量份盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)溶于90重量份有机溶剂如二甲苯中。这获得活性物质含量为10重量%的不经稀释即施用的组合物。
优选组合物类型i)、iv)、vii)和x)。尤其优选组合物类型i)。
所述农业化学组合物通常包含0.01-95重量%,优选0.1-90重量%,最优选0.5-90重量%的盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)。这些活性物质以90-100%,优选95-100%(根据NMR谱)的纯度使用。出于处理植物繁殖材料,尤其是种子的目的,通常使用水溶性浓缩物(LS)、可流动浓缩物(FS)、用于干处理的粉末(DS)、用于淤浆处理的可水分散的粉末(WS)、水溶性粉末(SS)、乳液(ES)、可乳化浓缩物(EC)和凝胶(GF)。这些组合物可在稀释或未经稀释下施用至植物繁殖材料,尤其是种子。所述组合物在稀释2-10倍后获得在即用型制剂中为0.01-60重量%,优选0.1-40重量%的活性物质浓度。
本发明盐的非常合适的农业化学组合物为:
a)水溶性浓缩物
10-70重量%盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)、任选的至少一种其他农药、30-90重量%水以及任选的至多10重量%助剂如表面活性剂、增稠剂或着色剂,其中所有组分的量加和为100重量%。
b)可润湿粉末
10-90重量%盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)、任选的至少一种其他农药、9-80重量%固体载体、1-10重量%表面活性剂以及任选的助剂,其中所有组分的量加和为100重量%。
c)可水分散的颗粒
10-90重量%盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)和任选至少一种其他农药、9-80重量%固体载体、1-10重量%表面活性剂以及任选的助剂,其中所有组分的量加和为100重量%。
d)颗粒
0.5-20重量%盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)和任选至少一种其他农药、0.5-20重量%溶剂、40-99重量%固体载体以及任选的助剂,其中所有组分的量加和为100重量%。
在另一形式中,本发明盐的非常合适的农业化学组合物为水溶性浓缩物,其包含10-70重量%的包含麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.1)的盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)和任选至少一种其他农药、30-90重量%水和任选至多10重量%助剂(例如表面活性剂、增稠剂或着色剂),其中所有组分的量加和为100重量%。
在另一形式中,本发明盐的非常合适的农业化学组合物为水溶性浓缩物,其包含10-70重量%包含麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.2)的盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)和任选至少一种其他农药、30-90重量%水和任选至多10重量%助剂(例如表面活性剂、增稠剂或着色剂),其中所有组分的量加和为100重量%。
本发明盐的尤其合适的农业化学组合物为:
a)水溶性浓缩物
20-60重量%盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)和任选至少一种其他农药、40-80重量%水和任选至多10重量%助剂(例如表面活性剂、增稠剂或着色剂),所述盐包含麦草畏(作为A1)、草甘膦(作为A2)和(B1),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2),或麦草畏、草甘膦和(B4)[优选麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.1),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.2),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.3),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.4),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.5),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.6),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.7),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.8),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.9),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.10),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.11),或麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.12)],其中所有组分的量加和为100重量%。
b)可润湿粉末
10-90重量%盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)和任选至少一种其他农药、9-80重量%固体载体、1-10重量%表面活性剂和任选的助剂,所述盐包含麦草畏(作为A1)、草甘膦(作为A2)和(B1),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2),或麦草畏、草甘膦和(B4)[优选麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.1),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.2),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.3),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.4),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.5),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.6),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.7),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.8),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.9),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.10),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.11),或麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.12)],其中所有组分的量加和为100重量%。
c)可水分散的颗粒
10-90重量%盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)和任选至少一种其他农药、9-80重量%固体载体、1-10重量%表面活性剂和任选的助剂,所述盐包含麦草畏(作为A1)、草甘膦(作为A2)和(B1),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2),或麦草畏、草甘膦和(B4)[优选麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.1),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.2),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.3),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.4),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.5),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.6),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.7),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.8),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.9),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.10),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.11),或麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.12)],其中所有组分的量加和为100重量%。
d)颗粒
0.5-20重量%盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)和任选至少一种其他农药、0.5-20重量%溶剂(例如二醇)、40-99重量%固体载体和任选的助剂,所述包含麦草畏(作为A1)、草甘膦(作为A2)和(B1),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2),或麦草畏、草甘膦和(B4)[优选麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.1),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.2),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.3),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.4),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.5),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.6),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.7),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.8),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.9),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.10),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.11),或麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.12)],其中所有组分的量加和为100重量%。
在另一实施方案中,本发明盐的尤其合适的农业化学组合物为水溶性浓缩物,其包含20-60重量%包含麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.1)的盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)和任选至少一种其他农药、80-40重量%水和任选至多10重量%助剂(例如表面活性剂(例如乙氧基化牛油胺)、增稠剂或着色剂),其中所有组分的量加和为100重量%。
在另一实施方案中,本发明盐的尤其合适的农业化学组合物为水溶性浓缩物,其包含20-60重量%包含麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.2)的盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)和任选至少一种其他农药、80-40重量%水、和任选至多10重量%助剂(例如表面活性剂(例如乙氧基化牛油胺)、增稠剂或着色剂),其中所有组分的量加和为100重量%。
在另一实施方案中,本发明盐的尤其合适的农业化学组合物为:
a)水溶性浓缩物
20-60重量%盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)和任选至少一种其他农药、80-40重量%水和任选至多10重量%助剂(例如表面活性剂(例如乙氧基化牛油胺)、增稠剂或着色剂),所述盐包含麦草畏(作为A1)、草甘膦(作为A2)和(B1.2),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.5)或麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2)[优选包含麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.2),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.5),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.10),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.11),或麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.12)],其中所有组分的量加和为100重量%。
b)可润湿粉末
10-90重量%盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)和任选至少一种其他农药、9-80重量%固体载体、1-10重量%表面活性剂(例如乙氧基化牛油胺)和任选的助剂,所述盐包含麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.2),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.5)或麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2)[优选麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.2),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.5),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.10),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.11),或麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.12)],其中所有组分的量加和为100重量%。
c)可水分散的颗粒
10-90重量%盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)和任选至少一种其他农药、9-80重量%固体载体、1-10重量%表面活性剂(例如乙氧基化牛油胺)和任选的助剂,所述盐包含麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.2),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.5),或麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2)[优选麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.2),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.5),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.10),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.11),或麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.12)],其中所有组分的量加和为100重量%。
d)颗粒
0.5-20重量%盐(第一盐与第二盐的总和)和任选至少一种其他农药、0.5-20重量%溶剂(例如,二醇)、40-99重量%固体载体和任选的助剂(例如乙氧基化牛油胺),所述盐包含麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.2),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.5),或麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2)[优选麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.2),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B1.5),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.10),麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.11),或麦草畏、草甘膦和(B2.12)],其中所有组分的量加和为100重量%。
在另一尤其优选的实施方案中,所述农业化学组合物为可水分散的颗粒,其包含麦草畏的第一盐、草甘膦的第二盐和选自(B1.1)、(B1.2)、(B1.3)、(B1.4)、(B1.5)、(B1.6)、(B1.7)、(B1.8)、(B1.8)、(B1.9)、(B2.10)、(B2.11)或(B2.12)的阳离子聚胺(B)、唑菌胺酯作为其他农药以及任选的助剂。在另一实施方案中,该农业化学组合物可以以悬浮液浓缩物形式存在。
在另一尤其优选的实施方案中,所述农业化学组合物为可水分散的颗粒,其包含麦草畏的第一盐、2,4-滴的第二盐和选自(B1.1)、(B1.2)、(B1.3)、(B1.4)、(B1.5)、(B1.6)、(B1.7)、(B1.8)、(B1.8)、(B1.9)、(B2.10)、(B2.11)或(B2.12)的阳离子聚胺(B)、2甲4氯作为其他农药以及任选的助剂。在另一实施方案中,该农业化学组合物可以以水溶性浓缩物形式存在。
在另一尤其优选的实施方案中,所述农业化学组合物为可水分散的颗粒,其包含麦草畏的第一盐、2甲4氯丙酸的第二盐和选自(B1.1)、(B1.2)、(B1.3)、(B1.4)、(B1.5)、(B1.6)、(B1.7)、(B1.8)、(B1.8)、(B1.9)、(B2.10)、(B2.11)或(B2.12)的阳离子聚胺、2甲4氯作为其他农药以及任选助剂。在另一实施方案中,该农业化学组合物可以以水溶性浓缩物形式存在。在另一实施方案中,该农业化学组合物可以以可溶性颗粒形式存在。
在另一尤其优选的实施方案中,所述农业化学组合物为可水分散的颗粒,其包含麦草畏的第一盐、2甲4氯丙酸的第二盐和选自(B1.1)、(B1.2)、(B1.3)、(B1.4)、(B1.5)、(B1.6)、(B1.7)、(B1.8)、(B1.8)、(B1.9)、(B2.10)、(B2.11)或(B2.12)的阳离子聚胺(B)、2,4-滴作为其他农药和任选的助剂。在另一实施方案中,该农业化学组合物可以以水溶性浓缩物形式存在。在另一实施方案中,该农业化学组合物可以以可溶性颗粒形式存在。
本发明组合物优选包含水,其中第一盐和第二盐以溶于水中的形式存在。合适实例为上述水溶性浓缩物。
施用可在播种之前或期间进行。分别在植物繁殖材料(尤其是种子)上施用或处理农业化学化合物及其组合物的方法是本领域所已知的,且包括繁殖材料的拌种、包衣、造粒、撒粉、浸泡和犁沟内施用方法。在优选实施方案中,通过不诱导萌芽的方法,例如通过拌种、造粒、包衣和撒粉分别将所述化合物及其组合物施用至植物繁殖材料上。在优选实施方案中,使用悬浮液型(FS)组合物进行种子处理。FS组合物通常可包含1-800g/l活性物质、1-200g/l表面活性剂、0-200g/l防冻剂、0-400g/l粘合剂、0-200g/l颜料和至多1升的溶剂(优选为水)。
本发明组合物可借助喷雾、雾化、撒粉、撒播、刷涂、浸泡或倾倒而原样使用或以其农业化学组合物形式使用,例如呈如下形式:可直接喷雾的溶液、粉末、悬浮液、分散体、乳液、油分散体、糊剂、可撒粉产品、撒播材料或颗粒。施用形式完全取决于预期目的;意欲在每种情况下确保本发明活性物质尽可能精细的分布。含水施用形式可由乳液浓缩物、糊剂或可润湿粉末(可喷雾粉末、油分散体)通过添加水而制备。为了制备乳液、糊剂或油分散体,可将物质以原样或溶于油或溶剂中的形式借助润湿剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂于水中均质化。或者,可制备由活性物质、润湿
剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂和合适的话溶剂或油组成的浓缩物,且所述浓缩物适于用水稀释。即用型制剂中的活性物质浓度可在较宽范围内变化。其通常为0.0001-10重量%,优选0.001-1重量%活性物质。所述活性物质也可成功地用于超低容量方法(ULV)中,可施用包含超过95重量%活性物质的组合物,或者甚至施用不含添加剂的活性物质。
取决于所希望的效果类型,在用于植物保护中时,所施用的活性物质量为0.001-2kg/ha,优选为0.005-2kg/ha,更优选为0.05-0.9kg/ha,尤其为0.1-0.75kg/ha。在例如通过撒粉、包衣或浸泡种子而处理植物繁殖材料如种子时,通常需要0.1-1000g,优选1-1000g,更优选1-100g,最优选5-100g/100kg植物繁殖材料(优选为种子)的活性物质量。当用于保护材料或储存的产品时,所施用的活性物质量取决于施用区域的类型和所需的效果。在材料保护中通常所施用的量例如为0.001g至2kg,优选0.005g至1kg活性物质/立方米经处理的材料。
合适的话,可在紧临使用之前(桶混合)向所述活性物质或包含其的组合物中添加各类油、润湿剂、助剂、除草剂、杀菌剂、其他杀真菌剂和/或农药。这些试剂可与本发明组合物以1:100-100:1,优选1:10-10:1的重量比混合。可使用的助剂尤其为有机改性的聚硅氧烷,如BreakThruS醇烷氧基化物,如AtplusAtplusMBAPlurafacLF和LutensolONEO/PO嵌段聚合物,如PluronicRPE和Genapol醇乙氧基化物,如LutensolXP和二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠,例如Leophen
所述盐也可与其他活性物质一起存在,例如与除草剂、杀昆虫剂、生长调节剂、杀真菌剂或与肥料作为预混合物一起存在,或者合适的话,在紧临使用前(桶混合)才一起存在。
本发明还涉及一种防治害虫和/或植物病原性真菌的方法,其包括使其中或其上生长有或可能生长所述害虫和/或植物病原性真菌的植物、种子、土壤或植物生长地、待保护以免所述害虫和/或植物病原性真菌侵袭或侵染的植物、种子或土壤与有效量的本发明组合物接触。所述阴离子农药通常包含杀昆虫剂和/或杀真菌剂。例如,为了防治害虫,所述农业化学配制剂包含杀昆虫剂。例如,为了防治植物病原性真菌,所述农业化学配制剂包含杀真菌剂。
本发明进一步涉及一种控制不希望的植被的方法,其包括使除草有效量的本发明组合物作用于植物、其生长地或所述植物的种子上。在优选实施方案中,所述方法也可包括已对所述农业化学配制剂的施用具有耐受性的植物,其中所述阴离子农药为除草剂。所述方法通常包括将有效量的包含所选除草剂的本发明农业化学配制剂施用至含有一种或多种对所述除草剂具有耐受性的作物植物的栽培区域或农田。尽管可通过该方法控制任何不希望的植被,然而在一些实施方案中,所述方法可包括首先确定对所选除草剂敏感的区域或田地中的不希望的植被。提供用于控制栽培区域中的不希望植被、防止在栽培区域中形成或出现不希望的植被、产生作物和提高作物安全的方法。不希望的植被在最广泛意义上应理解为意指在不希望的区域生长的所有那些植物,包括但不限于通常视为杂草的植物物种。
此外,不希望的植被也可包括正在已判定区域生长的不希望的作物植物。例如,在主要包含大豆植物的田地中的自生玉米植物可视为不希望的。可通过本发明方法加以控制的不希望植物包括在前一季节种植于特定田地中或已种植于毗邻区域中的植物,且包括作物植物,包括大豆、玉米、卡诺拉(canola)、棉花、向日葵等。在一些方面中,所述作物植物可耐受除草剂,例如草甘膦、ALS抑制剂或草铵膦除草剂。所述方法涵盖在栽培区域中种植对除草剂具有耐受性的作物植物,且在一些实施方案中,对所述作物、种子、杂草、不希望的植物、土壤或其栽培区域施用有效量的所关注的除草剂。所述除草剂可在所述耐受性植物的栽培期间的任何时间施用。所述除草剂可在作物种植于栽培区域中之前或之后施用。还提供了一种控制栽培区域中的耐受草甘膦的杂草或作物植物的方法,其包括将有效量的除草甘膦之外的除草剂施用至具有一种或多种对另一除草剂具有耐受性的植物的栽培区域。
术语“除草有效量”表示农药活性组分(例如所述盐或其他农药)的量,其足以控制不希望的植被且其不会对经处理的植物造成实质性损害。该量可在宽范围内变化且取决于多种因素,例如待控制的物种、经处理的栽培植物或材料、气候条件和所用的特定农药活性组分。
术语“控制杂草”是指如下中的一种或多种:抑制杂草和/或不希望植物的生长、萌芽、繁殖和/或增殖;和/或灭杀、去除、破坏或者减小其产生和/或活性。
本发明组合物对广谱经济上重要的单子叶和双子叶有害植物,如阔叶杂草、禾本科杂草或莎草科(Cyperaceae))杂草具有优异的除草活性。所述活性化合物还可有效作用于由根茎、根状茎及其他多年生器官抽条且其难以控制的多年生杂草。可提及的具体实例为可由本发明组合物控制的单子叶和双子叶杂草植物群的一些代表,列举并不限于特定物种。所述除草组合物可有效起作用的杂草物种的实例尤其为单子叶杂草物种:野燕麦属(Avenaspp.)、看麦娘属(Alopecurusspp.)、阿披拉草属(Aperaspp.)、臂形草属(Brachiariaspp.)、雀麦属(Bromusspp.)、马唐属(Digitariaspp.)、黑麦草属(Loliumspp.)、稗属(Echinochloaspp.)、千金子属(Leptochloaspp.)、飘拂草属(Fimbristylisspp.)、黍属(Panicumspp.)、虉草属(Phalarisspp.)、早熟禾属(Poaspp.)、狗尾草属(Setariaspp.)以及一年生莎草(Cyperus)属;以及多年生物种冰草属(Agropyron)、狗牙根属(Cynodon)、白茅属(Imperata)和高粱属(Sorghum)以及多年生莎草属。在双子叶杂草物种的情况下,作用谱延伸至属,例如一年生杂草的苘麻属(Abutilonspp.)、苋属(Amaranthusspp.)、藜属(Chenopodiumspp.)、菊属(Chrysanthemumspp.)、猪殃殃属(Galiumspp.)、番薯属(Ipomoeaspp.)、地肤属(Kochiaspp.)、野芝麻属(Lamiumspp.)、母菊属(Matricariaspp.)、牵牛属(Pharbitisspp.)、蓼属(Polygonumspp.)、黄花稔属(Sidaspp.)、白芥属(Sinapisspp.)、茄属(Solanumspp.)、繁缕属(Stellariaspp.)、婆婆纳属(Veronicaspp.)、鳢肠属(Ecliptaspp.)、田菁属(Sesbaniaspp.)、合萌属(Aeschynomenespp.)和堇菜属(Violaspp.)、苍耳属(Xanthiumspp.),以及在多年生杂草情况下为旋花属(Convolvulus)、蓟属(Cirsium)、酸模属(Rumex)和蒿属(Artemisia)。
本发明进一步涉及包含本发明组合物的种子。优选地,所述种子被包含本发明组合物的农业化学配制剂包衣。
本发明提供了各种优点:本发明的组合物具有低挥发性。与市售组合物相比,挥发性也降低。此外,本发明组合物易于由廉价的工业上可得且易于处理的化合物起始制备。农药活性保持与所述农药的已知盐或游离酸相当的程度。本发明降低了由于降低的挥发性所导致的非目标作物的损伤,甚至不会对农药活性造成不利影响。无论以桶混合或预混配制剂形式递送均保持低挥发特性。此外,本发明提高了组合物的物理稳定性,例如通过降低结晶倾向或相分离倾向。本发明组合物在水中显示出高溶解性。
以下实施例进一步阐述本发明,但本发明不限于所述实施例。
实施例
2-(-氨基乙氧基)乙醇的麦草畏盐的农业化学配制剂(水溶性浓缩物SL,480g/l,购自BASFCooperation)。
HiTech:草甘膦钾盐的农业化学配制剂(水溶性浓缩物SL,500g/l,购自Syngenta)。
浓缩物:草甘膦异丙胺(IPA)盐的农业化学配制剂(水溶性浓缩物SL,480g/l,pH4.8-5.0,购自DowAgroScience)。
实施例1—制备单一盐
制备包含麦草畏或草甘膦作为阴离子农药以及各种聚胺阳离子的盐。在搅拌下,将已知量的麦草畏酸(3,6-二氯-2-甲氧基苯甲酸)或草甘膦酸(N-(膦酰基甲基)甘氨酸)悬浮于水中。用聚胺将该悬浮液滴定至pH值为7.0-8.0(对麦草畏而言)或pH值为约5(对草甘膦而言),直至所有固体溶解并形成盐。添加额外的水以调节麦草畏或草甘膦的预期浓度。表1-4列出了最终组合物的细节。在每种情况下,加上水浓度共计100重量%。经证实,所有测试盐在水中均具有极好的溶解性,即麦草畏盐可溶至少527g/l且草甘膦盐可溶至少521g/l。
表1:包含527g/l麦草畏的溶液1。
浓度(w/w%) | |
麦草畏酸 | 42.29 |
N,N-双(3-氨基丙基)甲胺(BAPMA) | 10.9 |
水 | 46.80 |
表2:包含509g/l麦草畏的溶液2。
浓度(w/w%) | |
麦草畏酸 | 42.06 |
二亚乙基三胺(DETA) | 9.95 |
水 | 47.99 |
表3:包含509g/l草甘膦的溶液3。
浓度(w/w%) | |
草甘膦酸 | 39.68 |
N,N-双(3-氨基丙基)甲胺(BAPMA) | 15.65 |
水 | 44.67 |
表4:包含521g/l草甘膦的溶液4。
浓度(w/w%) | |
草甘膦酸 | 39.68 |
二亚乙基三胺(DETA) | 13.05 |
水 | 47.27 |
实施例2:制备草甘膦和麦草畏的混合物
通过在搅拌和室温下混合而制备下列草甘膦与麦草畏盐的混合物(草甘膦/麦草畏之比=2:1)。
表5:
a)对比例,非本发明。
实施例3:储存后的稳定性
将实施例2的组合物A-H保持在25°C下一个月。表6汇总了所述混合物配制剂的稳定性的视觉观察结果。已发现草甘膦与麦草畏盐的混合物配制剂G和H(本发明)就物理稳定性而言是稳定的,而其他混合物配制剂A-F由溶液结晶析出或相分离。
表6:
配制剂 | 观察结果 |
Aa) | 两个分离的液相 |
Ba) | 两个分离的液相 |
Ca) | 两个分离的液相 |
Da) | 结晶 |
Ea) | 结晶 |
Fa) | 结晶 |
G | 稳定 |
H | 稳定 |
a)对比例,非本发明。
实施例4:田地挥发性测试
在美国一些区域的现有大豆田地中建立田地试验区,使其间隔300英尺以避免可能运动至毗邻试验区中。在每一试验区(300×300英尺)中心,用实施例2的组合物D或G处理40×40英尺的区域。当大豆处于V5-R1生长阶段时施用处理。在风速较低的一天进行施用以使颗粒漂移最小化,使用安装有空气引入(AI)喷嘴的手动喷杆并使喷杆高度高于大豆冠层高度12英寸。
在施用5分钟后,在喷雾区域内彼此等距地放置4个空气样品泵。使用木桩来抬高空气泵,使其高于大豆冠层高度约0-3英寸。取决于场所,通过将空气以4L/分钟泵送通过装有吸附滤纸的采样盒而收集空气样品18小时。采样盒由处于塑料盒中的1.0μm玻璃纤维滤纸和混合纤维素酯支撑垫组成,所述塑料盒通过tygon管与低体积泵相连。施用后,连续收集空气样品18小时。在从空气泵中取下采样盒后,立即封闭该盒上的所有开口,将每一盒放置于单独的拉链袋中并在干冰上运输。
通过在水浴中加热至60°C而用0.5NKOH和10%KCl萃取所述盒的滤纸和支撑垫15分钟。用HCl将1mL等分试样酸化至pH值1-2,然后通过涡流用4mL乙酸乙酯分配,随后离心。然后使2mL乙酸乙酯相在氮气下蒸发。然后将样品重新构建于2mL10/90MeOH/H2O中并在LC/MS/MS上分析。
DGA-麦草畏挥发性汇总于表7中,其在如上文所述经处理的大豆植物中以空气中的麦草畏浓度(ng/m3)测量。与组合物D相比,本发明组合物G的麦草畏挥发性大大降低。
表7:麦草畏的挥发性(所有值均以ng/m3计)
位置 | TX | NC | GA | 平均值 |
组合物D(草甘膦IPA盐+麦草畏DETA盐)a) | 72 | 168 | 346 | 195 |
组合物G(草甘膦DETA盐+麦草畏DETA盐) | - | 34 | 43 | 38 |
a)对比例,非本发明。
实施例5:温室试验
进行温室试验以验证高农药活性(生物功效)。评价对象包括不耐受草甘膦的玉米(Zeamays)、耐受草甘膦的大豆(Glycinemax)、藜(Chenopodiumalbum)、苘麻(Abutilontheophrasti)、春小麦(小麦(Triticumaestivum))和混合牵牛属(番薯属(Ipomoeaspp.))。植物生长阶段为2-5叶片,这取决于目标物种。
分别以280+560gai/ha进行麦草畏+草甘膦两个处理,其中封闭式履带喷雾器递送187L/ha。所有处理中均包含0.25%(v/v)非离子表面活性剂。在处理后14天评价防治效果,0(无防治效果)至100%(植物完全死亡)。平均值汇总于表8中。所述两个除草剂处理对所有物种均显示出高农药活性(生物功效)。
表8:功效[0(无防治效果)至100(植物完全死亡)的值]
Claims (11)
1.一种组合物,其包含:
a)第一盐,其含有第一阴离子农药(A1)和阳离子聚胺(B),和
b)第二盐,其含有第二阴离子农药(A2)和阳离子聚胺(B),
其中所述两种盐均含有相同的阳离子聚胺(B),且其中所述阳离子聚胺包含至少两个氨基;且
其中所述阳离子聚胺(B)为式(B1)的化合物:
其中
R1、R2、R4、R6和R7独立地为H或任选被OH取代的C1-C6烷基,
R3和R5独立地为C2-C4亚烷基,
X为OH或NR6R7,且
n为1-4;
其中所述第一阴离子农药和所述第二阴离子农药选自麦草畏和草甘膦。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中R1、R2、R4、R6和R7独立地为H或甲基且R3和R5独立地为C2-C3亚烷基。
3.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述阳离子聚胺为式(B1.2)、(B1.5)的化合物:
4.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述阳离子聚胺为式(B1.1)的化合物:
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的组合物,其中所述阴离子农药与聚胺以导致pH值为6.5-9.0的摩尔比混合。
6.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的组合物,其中所述第一阴离子农药和第二阴离子农药的总和与所述阳离子聚胺总和的摩尔比为1.5:1-4:1。
7.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的组合物,其包含水,其中所述第一盐和第二盐以溶解形式存在于水中。
8.根据权利要求5的组合物,其包含水,其中所述第一盐和第二盐以溶解形式存在于水中。
9.根据权利要求6的组合物,其包含水,其中所述第一盐和第二盐以溶解形式存在于水中。
10.一种制备根据权利要求1-9中任一项的组合物的方法,其包括使所述第一盐与第二盐接触的步骤。
11.一种控制不希望的植被的方法,其包括使除草有效量的根据权利要求1-9中任一项所定义的组合物作用于植物、其生长地或所述植物的种子。
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- 2011-11-02 EP EP11779634.2A patent/EP2635115A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-11-02 WO PCT/EP2011/069200 patent/WO2012059494A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-11-02 PE PE2013000950A patent/PE20140355A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-11-02 KR KR1020137014367A patent/KR20130101108A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1043601A (zh) * | 1988-12-23 | 1990-07-11 | 山道士有限公司 | 低挥发性的盐 |
CN1312682A (zh) * | 1998-08-13 | 2001-09-12 | 阿温提斯作物科学有限公司 | 用于耐性或抗性玉米作物的除草组合物 |
CN1268297A (zh) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-04 | 江苏诺华农化有限公司 | 百草敌与草甘膦的复配制剂 |
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CA2816201C (en) | 2019-05-28 |
CA2816201A1 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
US10980237B2 (en) | 2021-04-20 |
JP2013541573A (ja) | 2013-11-14 |
EA201300536A1 (ru) | 2013-11-29 |
EP2460404A1 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
KR20130101108A (ko) | 2013-09-12 |
BR112013010986A2 (pt) | 2016-07-12 |
EA023326B1 (ru) | 2016-05-31 |
AU2011325202B2 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
BR112013010986B1 (pt) | 2019-08-13 |
AU2011325202A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
EP2635115A1 (en) | 2013-09-11 |
JP5955330B2 (ja) | 2016-07-20 |
WO2012059494A1 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
CN103188930A (zh) | 2013-07-03 |
US20130225405A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
NZ609960A (en) | 2015-01-30 |
PE20140355A1 (es) | 2014-03-21 |
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