A kind of black fungus diet-therapy health-preserving meals and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to food production technology field, particularly a kind of black fungus diet-therapy health-preserving meals that can be used for preventing hypertension and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Hypertension is by the interactional a kind of systemic disease of gene genetic, environment and other many factors, a kind of common disease, frequently-occurring disease, to cause at present one of mankind's cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease main causes of death, in world wide, the hypertensive incidence of disease reaches 10-20%, is one of principal disease of harm humans health.
Hypertension is divided into essential hypertension and secondary hypertension by the cause of disease, and patient adheres to medication in early days, and symptom can be controlled to some extent, but along with the increase of drug resistance, later stage dosage need continue to increase maybe must change medicine.High blood pressure disease need be taken medicine all the life, and long-term a large amount of medication meetings produce great side effect to health, so it is significant for prevention and the auxiliary curing of this disease to seek a kind of dietary product safely and effectively.
Black fungus is Mycophyta Basidiomycotina Basidiomycetes Auriculariale Auriculariaceae Auricularia plant, has another name called the ears or side handles of a utensil, cloud ear, thin auricularia auriculajudae, tree chicken, wooden moth, wood fungus, is the medicinal and edible Jelly fungi of China's preciousness.See the earliest < < Sheng Nong's herbal classic > >, how on the books successive dynasties traditional Chinese medicine ancient books and records are also, Ming Dynasty Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) < < Compendium of Materia Medica > > records black fungus " beneficial gas is not hungry; the strong will of making light of one's life by commiting suicide, and disconnected paddy is controlled hemorrhoid "
[1], effects such as having cool blood, invigorate blood circulation, defaecation row stone, the fat-reducing of making light of one's life by commiting suicide, beneficial gas are kept fit, about the medicinal research of modern times of black fungus, starts from the eighties in 20th century, first Hammerschmidt discovery it have the effect of remarkable inhibition human platelet aggregation
[2]thereby, cause concern.Nineteen eighty-two, Wu Chinese parasol tree etc. therefrom isolated important activity composition Blackfungus polyhexose (Auricularia auricular polysaccharides), carried out subsequently the pharmacological research of many-sided Auricularia polysaccharide
[3], disclose Blackfungus polyhexose and there is physiologically active and well medical value widely, in recent years in cardio-cerebrovascular disorder clinical practice, also shown heartening curative effect
[4] [5].
Black fungus is famous mountain delicacy, edible, can medicine, can mend, but the intensive processing product of high technology content is almost blank in the market, black fungus edible only rests on the primary stage, how as agricultural byproducts, buying back rear processing dish, its food therapy health effect is difficult to give full play to.The disclosure of the invention of CN1803010A a kind of preparation method of black wooden health food, dry black fungus is carried out to ultramicro grinding, the black fungus after pulverizing is put into 80~100 ℃ of water and is boiled 1~1.5 hour, gained water cooking liquid is dry, pulverize, and obtains black fungus powder; Also after water cooking liquid can being dried, carry out ultramicro grinding, obtain black fungus Ultramicro-powder.This preparation method's technique is loaded down with trivial details, and due to the characteristic of black fungus imbibition, the volumetric expansion of poach process, causes follow-up concentrated, dry link practical operation difficulty, and the time is long, and cost is high, and this products material is single, acts on comprehensive not.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to change black fungus only as the edible present situation of agricultural byproducts preliminary working, provide a kind of convenient and swift, absorption rate is high, effect can be used for the black fungus diet-therapy health-preserving meals of preventing hypertension significantly.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of black fungus diet-therapy health-preserving meals, has solved the problem that time is long, energy consumption is large, cost is high, bioavailability is low that existing black fungus processing technology exists.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
Black fungus diet-therapy health-preserving meals, described black fungus diet-therapy health-preserving meals are made by the raw material of following percentage by weight: black fungus Ultramicro-powder 40-60%, red date 8-14%, matrimony vine 8-14%, purple sweet potato powder 8-14%, rhizoma zingiberis 8-12%, xylitol 6-10%.
Red date in formula is the amount of the red date after stoning.
As preferably, the size of described black fungus Ultramicro-powder is at 800-1000 order.
A preparation method for black fungus diet-therapy health-preserving meals, described preparation method's step is as follows:
(1) black fungus bubble is sent out to 15-30 minute, clean, drain, in steam box, steam 0.5-1.0 hour, take out final vacuum and be dried to moisture≤3%, then carry out low temperature ultramicro grinding to 800-1000 order;
(2) extracting red date stone, enuleation date and matrimony vine are after drip washing, and vacuum drying, to moisture≤5%, then mixes with purple sweet potato powder, is crushed to 60-80 order;
(3) rhizoma zingiberis section, pulverizes, and sieves, and obtains≤14 order ginger powders, then adopts supercritical carbon dioxide extracting ginger powder, extraction temperature 38-40 ℃, extracting pressure 25-30MPa, extraction time 1.5-3.0h;
(4) extract step (3) being obtained, with after anhydrous alcohol solution, is sprayed on black fungus Ultramicro-powder, mixes, and the crushed material and the xylitol that then add step (2) to obtain, mix;
(5) mixture step (4) being obtained gets product through microwave drying sterilization.
As preferably, the described vacuum drying condition of step (1) is: baking temperature 70-80 ℃, vacuum-0.08 ~-0.09Mpa.
As preferably, the described vacuum drying condition of step (2) is: baking temperature 60-70 ℃, vacuum-0.08 ~-0.09Mpa.
As preferably, in step (5), the condition of microwave drying sterilization is: microwave frequency 2450MHz, microwave power 500-600W, microwave time 60-80s.
As preferably, temperature≤40 ℃ of the described low temperature ultramicro grinding of step (1).
Each component of the present invention plays positive synergy to hypotensive, angiocardiopathy prevention etc. from different perspectives.Red date tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi, nourishing blood to promote the production of body fluid, is rich in rutin composition, can softening blood vessel, aided blood pressure-lowering, at the black fungus raw new blood simultaneously that goes to become silted up.Matrimony vine taste is sweet, property is flat, returns liver, kidney channel, has nourishing liver and kidneyly, and benefiting shrewd head, moistens the lung and relieve the cough, and the effect such as delay senility.The modern medicine pharmacological research proof fruit of Chinese wolfberry is rich in polysaccharide, flavones ingredient, has and strengthens immune, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, reducing blood lipid, the effect such as anti-oxidant.Purple potato originates in Japan, China was in introduction of plant in 1988, in purple potato, be rich in selenium and OPC, wherein in procyanidin content and Grape Skin, OPC is suitable, such material has strong antioxidation, Green Tea Extract oxidability is 50 times of vitamin E, and 20 times of vitamin C, to preventing and treating hypertension and atherosclerotic effect is remarkable.Jiang Ganxin and temperature contains the compositions such as gingerol, gingerol, aromatic alcohol plays anti-oxidant, diastole capillary, strengthens sanguimotor effect in formula.In order to make products taste effect be applicable to widely three high crowds, in product, added appropriate xylitol.
Formula desilting of the present invention is fallen turbid, leads to and adjusts and mend, and has filled up the blank of black fungus product diet-therapy health-preserving aspect angiocardiopathy.Blackfungus polyhexose is cellular content, during extraction, need to destroy its cell wall structure, thereby make it discharge polysaccharide component, the superfine communication technique of employing has well solved the problems such as black fungus broken wall and absorption, utilization rate, water extraction, the loaded down with trivial details technique such as concentrated have been avoided.By test, black fungus Ultramicro-powder is controlled at 800-1000 order, i.e. comparable Ordinary pulverization active principle stripping is high more than 2 times, but powder reunites carefully can cause product to dissolve time again, therefore consider, black fungus Ultramicro-powder granularity is controlled at 800-1000 order.In ginger, mainly contain the compositions such as effective substance gingerol, gingerol and adopt supercritical CO
2extraction, the thermal sensitivity that the traditional handicrafts such as steam distillation, solvent extraction bring, the loss of labile element have been avoided, and the drawback such as the traditional handicraft time is long, energy consumption is large, oil yield is low, avoided dissolvent residual, complete active component and the raw material local flavor of having retained.Adopt microwave drying sterilization, guaranteed well quality and the effect of product.Product forms is powdery reconstituted food, convenient and swift, and onset is rapid, and bioavailability is high, and overall target is better than single black fungus product.
The product active ingredient polyoses content making by technique of the present invention can reach more than 7%, and microbiological indicator is better than similar instant food sanitary index.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the raw materials used integration of drinking and medicinal herbs raw material that is, raw material is easy to get, safe and effective.
2, formula comprehensively, rationally, science, desilting is fallen turbid, logically adjust and mend, be the combination of theory of traditional Chinese medical science and modern pharmacological research, resultant effect is better than single black fungus product, to hypertension and angiocardiopathy, can play positive prevention and food therapy effect.
3, the low temperature superfine communication technique adopting has well solved black fungus broken wall, and the problem of active ingredient stripping is pulverized and compared with standard machinery, and products taste is fine and smooth, absorbs, utilization rate improved more than 2 times, has avoided long-time water extraction, the loaded down with trivial details technique such as concentrated.
4, adopt supercritical CO
2active ingredient in extraction rhizoma zingiberis, the thermal sensitivity that the traditional handicrafts such as steam distillation, solvent extraction bring, the loss of labile element have been avoided, and the drawback such as the traditional handicraft time is long, energy consumption is large, oil yield is low, avoided dissolvent residual, retained preferably diastole capillary, strengthened sanguimotor active component and raw material local flavor.
5, adopt microwave drying sterilization, Blackfungus polyhexose, colloid constituents, volatile ingredient, almost free of losses of OPC, guaranteed quality and the effect of product well.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is glucose calibration curve.
The specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, and by reference to the accompanying drawings, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
In the present invention, if not refer in particular to, the raw material adopting and equipment etc. all can be buied from market or this area is conventional.Method in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is the conventional method of this area.
Embodiment 1
Formula: black fungus Ultramicro-powder 40kg, red date (stoning) 14 kg, matrimony vine 14kg, purple sweet potato powder 14kg, rhizoma zingiberis 12 kg, xylitol 6 kg.
Preparation technology:
(1) black fungus bubble is sent out to 15 minutes, clean, drain, in steam box, steam 1.0 hours, after taking-up, under 70 ℃ of baking temperatures, vacuum-0.08 ~-0.09Mpa condition, vacuum drying, to moisture≤3%, then adds in micronizer, and 40 ℃ of low-temperature grinding of temperature are to 800-1000 order;
(2) extracting red date stone, enuleation date and matrimony vine are after drip washing, and under 60 ℃ of baking temperatures, vacuum-0.08 ~-0.09Mpa condition, vacuum drying, to moisture≤5%, then mixes with purple sweet potato powder, is crushed to 60-80 order;
(3) rhizoma zingiberis section, pulverizes, and crosses 14 mesh sieves, obtains ginger powder, then supercritical carbon dioxide extracting (supercritical extract instrument: American I SCO company, Model 260D, Syringe pump) for ginger powder, 38 ℃ of extraction temperature, extracting pressure 25MPa, extraction time 3.0h;
(4) after the anhydrous alcohol solution for extract step (3) being obtained (absolute ethyl alcohol consumption is the quantity of solvent that solute dissolves), be sprayed on black fungus Ultramicro-powder, mix, the crushed material and the xylitol that then add step (2) to obtain, mix;
(5) mixture step (4) being obtained gets product through microwave drying sterilization, microwave frequency 2450MHz, microwave power 500W, microwave time 80s.
By above-mentioned technique products obtained therefrom, be powder, surface area average grain diameter is that 16.85 μ m(HELDS/BF laser particle analyzers are measured), in product, polyoses content 7.26%.
Embodiment 2
Formula: black fungus Ultramicro-powder 60kg, red date (stoning) 8 kg, matrimony vine 8 kg, purple sweet potato powder 8kg, rhizoma zingiberis 8 kg, xylitol 8 kg.
Preparation technology:
(1) black fungus bubble is sent out to 30 minutes, clean, drain, in steam box, steam 0.5 hour, after taking-up, under 80 ℃ of baking temperatures, vacuum-0.08 ~-0.09Mpa condition, vacuum drying, to moisture≤3%, then adds in micronizer, and 20 ℃ of low-temperature grinding of temperature are to 800-1000 order;
(2) extracting red date stone, enuleation date and matrimony vine are after drip washing, and under 70 ℃ of baking temperatures, vacuum-0.08 ~-0.09Mpa condition, vacuum drying, to moisture≤5%, then mixes with purple sweet potato powder, is crushed to 60-80 order;
(3) rhizoma zingiberis section, pulverizes, and crosses 14 mesh sieves, obtains ginger powder, ginger powder supercritical carbon dioxide extracting then, 40 ℃ of extraction temperature, extracting pressure 30MPa, extraction time 1.5h;
(4) extract step (3) being obtained, with after anhydrous alcohol solution, is sprayed on black fungus Ultramicro-powder, mixes, and the crushed material and the xylitol that then add step (2) to obtain, mix;
(5) mixture step (4) being obtained gets product through microwave drying sterilization, microwave frequency 2450MHz, microwave power 600W, microwave time 60s.
By above-mentioned technique products obtained therefrom, be powder, surface area average grain diameter is that 13.28 μ m(HELDS/BF laser particle analyzers are measured), in product, polyoses content 9.72%.
Embodiment 3
Formula: black fungus Ultramicro-powder 50kg, red date (stoning) 10 kg, matrimony vine 10 kg, purple sweet potato powder 10kg, rhizoma zingiberis 10 kg, xylitol 10 kg.
Preparation technology:
(1) black fungus bubble is sent out to 20 minutes, clean, drain, in steam box, steam 0.8 hour, after taking-up, under 75 ℃ of baking temperatures, vacuum-0.08 ~-0.09Mpa condition, vacuum drying, to moisture≤3%, then adds in micronizer, and 10 ℃ of low-temperature grinding of temperature are to 800-1000 order;
(2) extracting red date stone, enuleation date and matrimony vine are after drip washing, and under 65 ℃ of baking temperatures, vacuum-0.08 ~-0.09Mpa condition, vacuum drying, to moisture≤5%, then mixes with purple sweet potato powder, is crushed to 60-80 order;
(3) rhizoma zingiberis section, pulverizes, and crosses 14 mesh sieves, obtains ginger powder, ginger powder supercritical carbon dioxide extracting then, 38 ℃ of extraction temperature, extracting pressure 28MPa, extraction time 2.0h;
(4) extract step (3) being obtained, with after anhydrous alcohol solution, is sprayed on black fungus Ultramicro-powder, mixes, and the crushed material and the xylitol that then add step (2) to obtain, mix;
(5) mixture step (4) being obtained gets product through microwave drying sterilization, microwave frequency 2450MHz, microwave power 550W, microwave time 70s.
By above-mentioned technique products obtained therefrom, be powder, surface area average grain diameter is that 13.96 μ m(HELDS/BF laser particle analyzers are measured), in product, polyoses content 8.4%.
Determination of polysaccharide: with reference to polysaccharide determination method in < < Chinese pharmacopoeia > > version in 2010, adopt phenol sulfuric acid method, concrete grammar is as follows:
The preparation of 1 calibration curve:
Be taken at that at 105 ℃, to be dried to the DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS reference substance of constant weight appropriate, accurately weighed, adding distil water is made every 1ml containing the glucose standard liquid of 0.1mg.Precision measures 0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 respectively, 1.0mL glucose standard liquid is to 10ml tool plug test tube, each adding distil water is mended to 1.0mL, precision adds 5% phenol solution 1mL(to face with preparation), shake up, then precision adds the concentrated sulfuric acid 5 mL, carefully mix, put in boiling water bath and heat 20 minutes, take out, put in ice bath cooling 5 minutes, take corresponding reagent as blank, at 488nm place, measure absorbance.Take absorbance as ordinate, and concentration of glucose is abscissa, drawing standard curve.
Matching glucose calibration curve obtains equation of linear regression y=0.0442x+0.0084, R
2in=0.9997. formula, y is absorbance, and x is concentration of glucose (mgL
-1), calibration curve is shown in Fig. 1.
2 sample determinations
Get the about 0.5g of this product, accurately weighed, the 100ml that adds diethyl ether, adds hot reflux 1 hour, standing, lets cool, and carefully discards ether solution, and residue is put water-bath Back stroke ether to the greatest extent.Add 80% ethanol 100ml, add hot reflux 1 hour, filter while hot, hot 80% ethanol 30ml gradation washing for filter residue and filter, filter residue is put in flask together with filter paper, adds water 150ml, adds hot reflux 2 hours.Filter while hot, by a small amount of hot wash filter, merging filtrate and washing lotion, let cool, move in 250ml measuring bottle, be diluted with water to scale, shake up, precision measures 1ml, puts in tool plug test tube the preparation method of sighting target directrix curve, from " each precision adds 5% phenol solution 1ml ", measure absorbance in accordance with the law, from calibration curve, read the weight (mg) containing glucose in need testing solution and calculate, obtain.
Comparative example:
Get black fungus Ultramicro-powder (800-1000 order) and black fungus common flour (120 order) with embodiment 1 identical weight, by Methods in Determination of Polysaccaride Content, carry out water-soluble polysaccharide assay, result shows: black fungus Ultramicro-powder polysaccharide yield is the more than 2 times of black fungus common flour, illustrate that Ultramicro-powder can make the efficient stripping of Polysaccharides in Auricularia auricula, bioavilability is higher than common flour.
The physical and chemical index of product of the present invention and microbiological indicator, in Table 1 and table 2, can find out from table 1, table 2, and the product active ingredient polyoses content making by technique of the present invention can reach more than 7%, and microbiological indicator is better than similar instant food sanitary index.
Table 1 physical and chemical index
Project |
Index |
Moisture, % |
≤10 |
Polysaccharide, % |
≥7 |
Plumbous (in Pb), mg/kg |
≤0.5 |
Arsenic (in As), mg/kg |
≤0.5 |
AFB1, ug/kg |
≤5 |
Table 2 microbiological indicator
Project |
Index |
Total plate count, CFU/g |
≤1000 |
Coliform, MPN/100g |
≤40 |
Mold count, CFU/g |
≤50 |
Pathogenic bacteria (salmonella, Shigella, staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus) |
Must not detect |
Above-described embodiment is a kind of preferably scheme of the present invention, not the present invention is done to any pro forma restriction, also has other variant and remodeling under the prerequisite that does not exceed the technical scheme that claim records.